EP2018123A1 - Device for producing shock waves - Google Patents
Device for producing shock wavesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2018123A1 EP2018123A1 EP07725076A EP07725076A EP2018123A1 EP 2018123 A1 EP2018123 A1 EP 2018123A1 EP 07725076 A EP07725076 A EP 07725076A EP 07725076 A EP07725076 A EP 07725076A EP 2018123 A1 EP2018123 A1 EP 2018123A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- electrodes
- molecules
- shock waves
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 208000000913 Kidney Calculi Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010029148 Nephrolithiasis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000000491 Tendinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000023835 Tendon disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000013515 tendinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
- A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
- A61B17/22022—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement using electric discharge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
- G10K15/04—Sound-producing devices
- G10K15/06—Sound-producing devices using electric discharge
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for generating shock waves, in particular for medical application according to the preamble of claims 1 and 4.
- Such devices are used in medical technology, for example in urology as Nierensteinzertrümmerer, in orthopedics in non-healing bone fractures or tendon tendinosis tendons or more generally for the promotion of wound healing for decades.
- the electrodes, between which shock waves are generated by spark discharge are subject to considerable wear.
- the discharge current oscillates between the capacitor, an inductive resistor and the electrode tips (surge circuit) several times. Repeatedly reversing the voltage at the electrode tips and reversing the electron flow direction between the tips. During several oscillation cycles, impact ionization of the water occurs between the tips and their surroundings. This impact ionization leads to partial decomposition of the water into hydrogen, oxygen and hydroxide ions. These are significantly responsible for the formation of the plasma bubble between the
- DE 197 18 512 C1 discloses a method and a device which proposes to mix in the liquid a catalyst by which the electrolytic formation of gas is completely or partially suppressed when the high voltage is applied to the electrodes and which catalytically transforms all or part of the gas produced during the application of the high voltage to the electrodes and during the electrical breakdown into its initial state
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device of the type mentioned above, by means of the efficiency and the lifetime the device is considerably increased compared to the previously known, in which the formation of hydrogen, oxygen and hydroxide ions between the electrode tips is not hindered. Rather, it is the object of the invention to provide a device which prevents the escape of hydrogen, stores it and completely facilitates the re-reaction in water molecules.
- the hydrogen storage can be added to the water both in dissolved or suspended form as well as in colloidal suspension. This is possible even as sediment, since this is swirled again in the reaction space by shaking the volume or by the fluid turbulence generated by the shock wave itself
- Another way to bind the free hydrogen molecules is to apply the hydrogen storage on the surface of the housing surrounding the electrodes. Also in the vicinity of the electrodes, support materials, e.g. fine reticular structures containing hydrogen storage on the surface.
- the hydrogen storage may consist of bound or unbound nanoparticles or microparticles, of films or sponge-like layers on surfaces. Common to this hydrogen storage is that the released by the Stossionisation hydrogen atoms that are reacted to hydrogen molecules are held in the liquid and that thus reacts the free oxygen molecules present in the liquid with the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage and water molecules is formed.
- an inventive embodiment is shown, which will be explained in more detail below.
- the sole figure shows a device for generating shock waves with a pair of electrodes in a housing in which water and a storage medium is embedded.
- shock waves 2 should be generated, which can be used for a medical application, for example, for the kidney stone fragmentation.
- the device 1 consists of a sound-permeable housing 3, in which a pair of electrodes 4 are arranged opposite to each other. Inside the housing 3 water 5 is filled. Between the opposing electrodes 4, a high voltage is applied, at the breakthrough of which a plasma bubble is generated which in turn generates a shock wave 2 in water.
- the shock waves 2 pass through the housing 3 to the outside and are aligned by a focusing device, not shown, such that, for example, a kidney stone can be smashed in the human body.
- a plurality of hydrogen storage 11 are present in the water 5. Furthermore, the inside of the housing 3 may be covered with a storage layer 16 in order to keep the hydrogen molecules 6 inside the housing 3 and thus in the water 5.
- the storage medium 11 can for example consist of a synthetic resin bead 12 whose surface is formed of nano- or microparticles. At these surface structures, a nitrogen compound 13 is provided, at the free end of each of which a palladium particle 14 is attached.
- the palladium particles 14 have a metallized outer layer through which the existing in the water 5 Hydrogen molecules 6 are bound. Accordingly, three chemical reactions take place between the metallized outer layer of the palladium particles 14 and the hydrogen molecules 7 present in the water 5:
- the storage layer 16 which may be formed as a film, sponge, grid or mesh, may consist of various layers, on the surface of a hydrogen storage, such as palladium particles 14, adhere or are bonded.
- the outer surfaces of the electrodes 4 and / or the material of the electrode insulation 17 may be covered with the storage layer 16. It is particularly advantageous if the barrier layer 16 is arranged directly in the region of the spark gap occurring between the electrodes 4, because this ensures that the oxygen molecules 7 react directly with the hydrogen molecules 6 in the area of the spark formation and therefore arise outside the plasma bubble. Due to the chemical fact that hydrogen molecules 6 are extremely difficult to store and to retain in the envelope, it is intended to additionally introduce chemical substances into the water 5 through which hydrogen molecules 6 are additionally made available. For example, hydrazine molecules 15 or dilute organic or inorganic acids or salts can be provided, through which hydrogen 6, for example in the form of hydronium ions, is released to the water 5. This is necessary in order to ensure that the oxygen molecules 7 formed by the stoistisation always have enough reaction partners to form water molecules 5.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device (1) for producing shock waves (2), especially for medical use. Said device comprises a housing (3), being penetrable to the shock waves (2), at least one pair of electrodes (4), arranged in the interior of the housing (3), between which respective voltages for producing shock waves (2) can be adjusted, and a liquid (5), surrounding the electrodes (4) and consisting entirely or partially of a plurality of water molecules (H<SUB>2</SUB>O). The aim of the invention is to substantially improve the efficiency and the service life of the device (1). For this purpose, the production of hydrogen, oxygen and hydroxide ions between the electrode tips (4) is not impeded. More specifically, the aim of the invention is to provide a device (1) which prevents hydrogen (6) from escaping, which stores it and allows its complete back reaction to water molecules.
Description
Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Stoßwellen Device for generating shockwaves
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Stoßwellen, insbesondere für die medizinische Anwendung nach dem Oberbegriff der Patentansprüche 1 und 4.The invention relates to a device for generating shock waves, in particular for medical application according to the preamble of claims 1 and 4.
Solche Vorrichtungen werden in der Medizintechnik beispielsweise in der Urologie als Nierensteinzertrümmerer, in der Orthopädie bei nichtheilenden Knochenbrüchen oder bei Sehnenansatztendinosen oder ganz allgemein zur Förderung der Wundheilung seit Jahrzehnten eingesetzt. Um z.B. die im menschlichen Organen befindlichen Nierensteine von außen, durch akustische Stoßwellen zerstören zu können, ist es erforderlich, eine Vielzahl von Stoßwellen zu generieren. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Elektroden, zwischen denen durch Funkenentladung Stoßwellen erzeugt werden, einem erheblichen Verschleiß unterliegen. Darüber hinaus ist es erforderlich, die Elektroden in Wasser unterzubringen, denn das Wasser dient als Weiterleitungs- und Koppelmedium für die Stoßwellen.Such devices are used in medical technology, for example in urology as Nierensteinzertrümmerer, in orthopedics in non-healing bone fractures or tendon tendinosis tendons or more generally for the promotion of wound healing for decades. For example, It is necessary to generate a large number of shockwaves in order to be able to destroy the kidney stones in the human organs from the outside by means of acoustic shockwaves. It has been found that the electrodes, between which shock waves are generated by spark discharge, are subject to considerable wear. In addition, it is necessary to accommodate the electrodes in water, because the water serves as a forwarding and coupling medium for the shock waves.
Nach dem initialen Durchbruch der angelegten Spannung zwischen den Elektrodenspitzen schwingt der Entladestrom zwischen dem Kondensator, einem induktiven Widerstand und den Elektrodenspitzen (Stoßkreis) mehrfach hin und her. Hierbei kommt es wiederholt zur Umpolung der Spannung an den Elektrodenspitzen und zu einer Umkehrung der Elektronenflußrichtung zwischen den Spitzen. Während mehrerer Schwingzyklen kommt es zu Stoßionisationen des Wassers zwischen den Spitzen und in deren Umgebung. Diese Stoßionisation führt zur teilweisen Zersetzung des Wassers in Wasserstoff-, Sauerstoff- und Hydroxidionen. Diese sind maßgeblich verantwortlich für die Entstehung der Plasmablase zwischen denAfter the initial breakdown of the applied voltage between the electrode tips, the discharge current oscillates between the capacitor, an inductive resistor and the electrode tips (surge circuit) several times. Repeatedly reversing the voltage at the electrode tips and reversing the electron flow direction between the tips. During several oscillation cycles, impact ionization of the water occurs between the tips and their surroundings. This impact ionization leads to partial decomposition of the water into hydrogen, oxygen and hydroxide ions. These are significantly responsible for the formation of the plasma bubble between the
1 BSSTÄT5GUNGSKOPIE
Spitzen, durch welche die Stoßwelle erzeugt und von deren Oberfläche die Stoßwelle emittiert wird.1 BSF ASSET COPY Tips through which generates the shock wave and from the surface of the shock wave is emitted.
Es ist des Weiteren bekannt, dass durch die Stoßinosation freie Wasserstoffmoleküle entstehen, die innerhalb kürzester Zeit aus dem Gehäuse, in dem die Flüssigkeit untergebracht ist, hindurch difundieren und somit aus der Umgebung der Elektrodenspitzen entweichen und folglich nicht länger in der die Elektroden umgebenen Flüssigkeit 7 vorhanden sind. Die freien Sauerstoffmoleküle, insbesondere das gelöste Gas bzw. die Gasbläschen, lagern sich dagegen an der Innenseite des Gehäuses ab und behindern die von den Elektroden emittierten Stoßwellen.It is further known that free hydrogen molecules are formed by the shock inositol which diffuses out of the housing in which the liquid is housed within a very short time and thus escape from the surroundings of the electrode tips and consequently no longer in the liquid 7 surrounding the electrodes available. By contrast, the free oxygen molecules, in particular the dissolved gas or the gas bubbles, deposit on the inside of the housing and obstruct the shock waves emitted by the electrodes.
Aus der DE 197 18 512 C1 ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu entnehmen, durch die vorgeschlagen wird, dass in der Flüssigkeit ein Katalysator beigemischt werden soll, durch den die elektrolytische Entstehung von Gas beim Anlegen der Hochspannung an die Elektroden ganz oder teilweise unterdrückt wird und der das beim Anlegen der Hochspannung an die Elektroden und beim elektrischen Durchbruch entstehende Gas ganz oder teilweise katalytisch in seinen Ausgangszustand zurückverwandeltDE 197 18 512 C1 discloses a method and a device which proposes to mix in the liquid a catalyst by which the electrolytic formation of gas is completely or partially suppressed when the high voltage is applied to the electrodes and which catalytically transforms all or part of the gas produced during the application of the high voltage to the electrodes and during the electrical breakdown into its initial state
Als nachteilig bei diesem Stand der Technik hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, dass die beschriebene und gewollte Unterdrückung der Gasbildung beim Anlegen der Hochspannung und bei den nachfolgenden Oszillationen des Schwingkreises, die Expansion der Plasmablase zwischen den Elektrodenspitzen behindert. Hierdurch wird die Effizienz der Energieumwandlung von elektrischer in akustische Energie des Gesamtsystems reduziert.A disadvantage of this prior art has been found, however, that the described and intended suppression of gas formation during application of the high voltage and in the subsequent oscillations of the resonant circuit, the expansion of the plasma bubble between the electrode tips obstructed. This reduces the efficiency of energy conversion from electrical to acoustic energy of the overall system.
Weiterhin ist als nachteilig anzusehen, dass die Rückumwandlung des entstehenden Gases (H2 und O2) in Wasser (H2O) nur unvollständig gelingt, da ständig Wasserstoff aus dem Volumen in der Umgebung der Spitzen durch Diffusion entweicht und somit dem Sauerstoff kein Reaktionspartner zur Verfügung steht.Furthermore, it is to be regarded as a disadvantage that the reconversion of the resulting gas (H 2 and O 2 ) in water (H 2 O) succeeds only incomplete, as constantly hydrogen escapes from the volume in the vicinity of the tips by diffusion and thus the oxygen no reactant is available.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Gattung zur Verfügung zu stellen, mittels der der Wirkungsgrad und die Lebensdauer
der Vorrichtung erheblich gegenüber dem bisher Bekannten erhöht ist, in dem die Entstehung von Wasserstoff-, Sauerstoff- und Hydroxidionen zwischen den Elektrodenspitzen nicht behindert wird. Vielmehr ist es das Ziel der Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die das Entweichen des Wasserstoffs verhindert, ihn speichert und die Rückreaktion in Wassermoleküle vollständig ermöglicht.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device of the type mentioned above, by means of the efficiency and the lifetime the device is considerably increased compared to the previously known, in which the formation of hydrogen, oxygen and hydroxide ions between the electrode tips is not hindered. Rather, it is the object of the invention to provide a device which prevents the escape of hydrogen, stores it and completely facilitates the re-reaction in water molecules.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale, die im kennzeichnenden Teil der Patentansprüche 1 und 4 aufgeführt sind, gelöst. Indem dem flüssigen Medium ein Wasserstoffspeicher zugegeben wird, wird die Plasmablasenentstehung und deren Expansion verhindert. Durch das Hinzugeben von Wasserstoffmoleküle abgebenden Stoffen wird sowohl erreicht, dass die Effektivität des Systems optimal beibehalten wird als auch, dass die entstehenden Gase in einer stöchiometrischen vorteilhaften Konzentration vorliegen, so dass die Rückreaktion zu Wasser vollständig möglich ist.This object is solved by the features listed in the characterizing part of claims 1 and 4. By adding a hydrogen storage to the liquid medium, plasma bubble formation and its expansion are prevented. The addition of hydrogen molecules releasing substances is achieved both that the effectiveness of the system is optimally maintained as well as that the resulting gases are present in a stoichiometric advantageous concentration, so that the reverse reaction to water is completely possible.
Der Wasserstoffspeicher kann sowohl in gelöster oder suspendierter Form als auch in kolloidaler Aufschwemmung dem Wasser beigegeben werde. Dies ist selbst als Sediment möglich, da dieses durch Schütteln des Volumens bzw. durch die von der Stoßwelle selbst erzeugten Flüssigkeitsturbulenzen wieder im Reaktionsraum verwirbelt wirdThe hydrogen storage can be added to the water both in dissolved or suspended form as well as in colloidal suspension. This is possible even as sediment, since this is swirled again in the reaction space by shaking the volume or by the fluid turbulence generated by the shock wave itself
Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die freien Wasserstoffmoleküle zu binden, besteht darin den Wasserstoffspeicher auf der Oberfläche des Gehäuses, welches die Elektroden umgibt, aufzubringen. Auch in der Umgebung der Elektroden können Trägermaterialien, z.B. feine netzartige Strukturen, den Wasserstoffspeicher auf der Oberfläche enthalten.Another way to bind the free hydrogen molecules is to apply the hydrogen storage on the surface of the housing surrounding the electrodes. Also in the vicinity of the electrodes, support materials, e.g. fine reticular structures containing hydrogen storage on the surface.
Der Wasserstoffspeicher kann aus gebundenen oder ungebundenen Nano- oder Mikropartikeln bestehen, aus Filmen oder schwammartigen Schichten auf Oberflächen. Gemeinsam ist diesem Wasserstoffspeicher, dass die durch die Stossionisation frei gesetzten Wasserstoffatomrümpfe die zu Wasserstoffmolekülen reagieren in der Flüssigkeit gehalten werden und dass damit die in der Flüssigkeit vorhandenen freien Sauerstoffmoleküle mit den im Wasserstoffspeicher festgehaltenem Wasserstoff reagiert und Wassermoleküle gebildet wird
In der Zeichnung ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, das nachfolgend näher erläutert wird. Die einzige Figur zeigt eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Stoßwellen mit einem Paar von Elektroden in einem Gehäuse, in dem Wasser und ein Speichermedium eingelagert ist.The hydrogen storage may consist of bound or unbound nanoparticles or microparticles, of films or sponge-like layers on surfaces. Common to this hydrogen storage is that the released by the Stossionisation hydrogen atoms that are reacted to hydrogen molecules are held in the liquid and that thus reacts the free oxygen molecules present in the liquid with the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage and water molecules is formed In the drawing, an inventive embodiment is shown, which will be explained in more detail below. The sole figure shows a device for generating shock waves with a pair of electrodes in a housing in which water and a storage medium is embedded.
Durch eine Vorrichtung 1 sollen Stoßwellen 2 erzeugbar sein, die für eine medizinische Anwendung, beispielsweise für die Nierensteinzertrümmerung, einsetzbar sind. Die Vorrichtung 1 besteht aus einem schalldurchlässigen Gehäuse 3, in dem ein Paar von Elektroden 4 zueinander gegenüberliegend angeordnet ist. Im Inneren des Gehäuses 3 ist Wasser 5 eingefüllt. Zwischen den sich gegenüberstehenden Elektroden 4 wird eine Hochspannung angelegt, bei dessen Durchbruch eine Plasmablase erzeugt wird die wiederum eine Stoßwelle 2 in Wasser erzeugt. Die Stoßwellen 2 treten durch das Gehäuse 3 nach außen und werden von einer nicht dargestellten Fokussiereinrichtung derart ausgerichtet, dass damit beispielsweise ein Nierenstein im menschlichen Körper zertrümmert werden kann.By a device 1 shock waves 2 should be generated, which can be used for a medical application, for example, for the kidney stone fragmentation. The device 1 consists of a sound-permeable housing 3, in which a pair of electrodes 4 are arranged opposite to each other. Inside the housing 3 water 5 is filled. Between the opposing electrodes 4, a high voltage is applied, at the breakthrough of which a plasma bubble is generated which in turn generates a shock wave 2 in water. The shock waves 2 pass through the housing 3 to the outside and are aligned by a focusing device, not shown, such that, for example, a kidney stone can be smashed in the human body.
Aufgrund der zwischen den Elektroden 4 auftretenden Spannungen entstehen beim Spannungsdurchbruch durch Stoßionisation der fließenden Elektronen aus Wassermolekülen frei bewegliche Wasserstoffmoleküle (H2) 6 und Sauerstoffmoleküle (O2) 7.As a result of the voltages occurring between the electrodes 4, free-flowing hydrogen molecules (H 2 ) 6 and oxygen molecules (O 2 ) 7 are formed in the voltage breakdown by impact ionization of the flowing electrons from water molecules 7.
Um nunmehr die Wasserstoffmoleküle 6 in dem Wasser 5 zu binden, so dass diese nicht in die Umgebung durch das Gehäuse 3 entweichen, sind eine Vielzahl von Wasserstoffspeichern 11 in dem Wasser 5 vorhanden. Des Weiteren kann die Innenseite des Gehäuses 3 mit einer Speicherschicht 16 bedeckt sein, um die Wasserstoffmoleküle 6 im Inneren des Gehäuses 3 und damit im Wasser 5 zu halten.In order to now bind the hydrogen molecules 6 in the water 5, so that they do not escape into the environment through the housing 3, a plurality of hydrogen storage 11 are present in the water 5. Furthermore, the inside of the housing 3 may be covered with a storage layer 16 in order to keep the hydrogen molecules 6 inside the housing 3 and thus in the water 5.
Das Speichermedium 11 kann z.B. aus einer Kunstharzperle 12, deren Oberfläche aus Nano- oder Mikropartikeln gebildet ist bestehen. An diesen Oberflächenstrukturen ist eine Stickstoffverbindung 13 vorgesehen, an deren freien Ende jeweils ein Paladiumpartikel 14 angebracht ist. Die Paladiumpartikel 14 weisen eine metallisierte Außenschicht auf, durch die die in dem Wasser 5 vorhandenen
Wasserstoffmoleküle 6 gebunden werden. Es erfolgen demnach drei chemische Reaktionen zwischen der metallisierten Außenschicht der Paladiumpartikel 14 und den in dem Wasser 5 vorhandenen Wasserstoffmolekülen 7:The storage medium 11 can for example consist of a synthetic resin bead 12 whose surface is formed of nano- or microparticles. At these surface structures, a nitrogen compound 13 is provided, at the free end of each of which a palladium particle 14 is attached. The palladium particles 14 have a metallized outer layer through which the existing in the water 5 Hydrogen molecules 6 are bound. Accordingly, three chemical reactions take place between the metallized outer layer of the palladium particles 14 and the hydrogen molecules 7 present in the water 5:
H2 + Pd° → Pd° + 2H" H 2 + Pd ° → Pd ° + 2H "
Sobald die in dem Wasser 5 vorhandenen Sauerstoffmoleküle 7 entlang der derart an dem Palladiumpartikel 14 angebrachten Wasserstoffmolekülen 7 vorbeiströmen, findet eine weitere chemische Reaktion statt, nämlichAs soon as the oxygen molecules 7 present in the water 5 flow past the hydrogen molecules 7 attached to the palladium particle 14 in this way, a further chemical reaction takes place, namely
2H- + ' 0-0' → 2HO-OH, diese Verbindung reagiert weiter nach der chemischen Formel2H- + ' 0-0 ' → 2HO-OH, this compound further reacts according to the chemical formula
2H- + 2HO-OH →2H2O.2H- + 2HO-OH → 2H 2 O.
Durch diesen Reaktionsablauf hat sich folglich aus den durch die Elektrolyse freigesetzten Wasserstoff und Sauerstoffmolekülen 6 bzw. 7 erneut Wasser 5 gebildet.As a result of this reaction process, water 5 has again formed from the hydrogen and oxygen molecules released by the electrolysis 6 and 7, respectively.
Auch die Speicherschicht 16, die als Folie, Schwamm, Gitter oder Netz ausgebildet sein kann, kann aus verschiedenen Schichten bestehen, an deren Oberfläche ein Wasserstoffspeicher, beispielsweise Palladiumpartikel 14, anhaften bzw. gebunden sind.The storage layer 16, which may be formed as a film, sponge, grid or mesh, may consist of various layers, on the surface of a hydrogen storage, such as palladium particles 14, adhere or are bonded.
Des Weiteren können auch die Außenflächen der Elektroden 4 und oder das Material der Elektrodenisolation 17 mit der Speicherschicht 16 abgedeckt sein. Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn unmittelbar im Bereich der zwischen den Elektroden 4 auftretenden Funkenstrecke die Barriereschicht 16 angeordnet ist, denn dadurch wird erreicht, dass unmittelbar im Bereich der Funkenbildung die Sauerstoffmoleküle 7 mit den Wasserstoffmolekülen 6 reagieren und daher außerhalb der Plasmablase entstehen.
Aufgrund der chemischen Tatsache, dass Wasserstoffmoleküle 6 äußerst schwer gespeichert und in der Umhüllung zurückgehalten werden können, ist vorgesehen, chemische Stoffe in das Wasser 5 zusätzlich einzubringen, durch den Wasserstoffmoleküle 6 zusätzlich zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Es können beispielsweise Hydrazinmoleküle 15 oder verdünnte organische oder anorganische Säuren oder Salze vorgesehen werden, durch die Wasserstoff 6 z.B. in Form von Hydroniumionen an das Wasser 5 abgegeben werden. Dies ist erforderlich um zu gewährleisten, dass die durch die Stossionisation entstehenden Sauerstoffmoleküle 7 stets ausreichend genügend Reaktionspartner zur Bildung von Wassermolekülen 5 vorfinden.
Furthermore, the outer surfaces of the electrodes 4 and / or the material of the electrode insulation 17 may be covered with the storage layer 16. It is particularly advantageous if the barrier layer 16 is arranged directly in the region of the spark gap occurring between the electrodes 4, because this ensures that the oxygen molecules 7 react directly with the hydrogen molecules 6 in the area of the spark formation and therefore arise outside the plasma bubble. Due to the chemical fact that hydrogen molecules 6 are extremely difficult to store and to retain in the envelope, it is intended to additionally introduce chemical substances into the water 5 through which hydrogen molecules 6 are additionally made available. For example, hydrazine molecules 15 or dilute organic or inorganic acids or salts can be provided, through which hydrogen 6, for example in the form of hydronium ions, is released to the water 5. This is necessary in order to ensure that the oxygen molecules 7 formed by the stoistisation always have enough reaction partners to form water molecules 5.
Claims
1. Vorrichtung (1) zur Erzeugung von Stoßwellen (2) insbesondere für die medizinische Anwendung, mit einem für die Stosswellen (2) durchlässigen Gehäuse (3), mit mindestens einem Paar im Inneren des Gehäuses (3) angeordneten Elektroden (4), zwischen denen jeweils eine Spannung zur Erzeugung der Stoßwellen (2) einstellbar ist, und mit einer die Elektroden (4) umgebenden Flüssigkeit (5), die ganz oder teilweise aus einer Vielzahl von Wassermolekülen (H2O) besteht,Device (1) for generating shockwaves (2), in particular for medical use, with a housing (3) permeable to the shock waves (2), with at least one pair of electrodes (4) arranged inside the housing (3), between which in each case a voltage for generating the shock waves (2) can be set, and with a fluid (5) surrounding the electrodes (4), which consists wholly or partly of a multiplicity of water molecules (H 2 O),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Außen- und/ oder Innenseite des Gehäuses (3) mit einer Barriereschicht (16) versehen ist, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass durch diese die in der Flüssigkeit (5) frei beweglich vorhandenen H2-Moleküle (6) gebunden sind, die Stoßwellen (2) durch die Barriereschicht (16) ungehindert hindurchtreten.that the outer and / or inner side of the housing (3) is provided with a barrier layer (16) which is formed in such a way that the H 2 molecules (6) which are freely movable in the liquid (5) are bound by them, the shock waves (2) pass through the barrier layer (16) unhindered.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,2. Apparatus according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Barriereschicht (16) als Folie, als Schwamm, als Gitter, als Netz oder dgl. ausgebildet ist. the barrier layer (16) is in the form of a film, a sponge, a grid, a net or the like.
3. orrichtung nac nspruc o er 2,3. orrichtung nac nspruc o er 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Barriereschicht (16) aus einer Trägerschicht (12 und 13) und aus einer äußeren metallischen Schicht, vorzugsweise Palladium (14), besteht.in that the barrier layer (16) comprises a carrier layer (12 and 13) and an outer metallic layer, preferably palladium (14).
4. Vorrichtung (1) zur Erzeugung von Stoßwellen (2), insbesondere für die medizinische Anwendung, mit einem für die Stosswellen (2) durchlässigen Gehäuse (3), mit mindestens einem Paar im Inneren des Gehäuses (3) angeordneten Elektroden (4), zwischen denen jeweils eine Spannung zur Erzeugung der Stoßwellen (2) einstellbar ist, und mit einer die Elektroden (4) umgebenden Flüssigkeit (5), die ganz oder teilweise aus einer Vielzahl von Wassermolekülen (H2O) besteht,4. Apparatus (1) for generating shockwaves (2), in particular for medical use, with a housing (3) permeable to the shock waves (2), with at least one pair of electrodes (4) arranged inside the housing (3) , between each of which a voltage for generating the shock waves (2) is adjustable, and with a the electrodes (4) surrounding liquid (5), which consists wholly or partly of a plurality of water molecules (H 2 O),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass in der Flüssigkeit (5) ein die darin freigesetzten Wasserstoffmoleküle (6) aufnehmendes Speichermedium (11) vorgesehen ist, dass das Speichermedium (11) eine Oberfläche aus Nano- oder Mikropartikeln aufweist, durch die die Wasserstoffmoleküle (6) in der Flüssigkeit (5) gebunden sind, und dass die in der Flüssigkeit (5) vorhandenen freien Sauerstoffmoleküle (7) mit den an den Nano- oder Mikropartikeln angebrachten Wasserstoffmolekülen (6) reagieren und Wassermoleküle (5) bilden.in that a storage medium (11) accommodating the released hydrogen molecules (6) is provided in the liquid (5) such that the storage medium (11) has a surface of nano- or microparticles through which the hydrogen molecules (6) in the liquid (5 ) and that the free oxygen molecules (7) present in the liquid (5) react with the hydrogen molecules (6) attached to the nano- or microparticles and form water molecules (5).
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,5. Apparatus according to claim 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass das Speichermedium (11) in die Flüssigkeit (5) von außen einfüllbar ist. the storage medium (11) can be filled into the liquid (5) from the outside.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5,6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass als Speichermedium (11) eine Vielzahl von Kunstharzperlen (12) verwendbar ist, an denen durch Stickstoffverbindungen (13) eine Vielzahl von Palladiumpartikeln (14) angeordnet sind.a plurality of synthetic resin beads (12) can be used as the storage medium (11), on which a plurality of palladium particles (14) are arranged by means of nitrogen compounds (13).
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6,7. Apparatus according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Palladiumpartikel (14) eine metallisierte Außenschicht aufweisen, durch die die in der Flüssigkeit (5) frei beweglichen Wasserstoffmoleküle (6) gebunden sind.in that the palladium particles (14) have a metallized outer layer, by means of which the hydrogen molecules (6) which are freely mobile in the liquid (5) are bound.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche,8. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass in die Flüssigkeit (3) chemische Stoffe, vorzugsweise Hydrazin (15), verdünnte Säuren oder Salze, eingelagert oder gelöst sind, durch die Wasserstoffmoleküle (6) freigebbar sind.in that chemical substances, preferably hydrazine (15), dilute acids or salts, are stored or dissolved in the liquid (3), by means of which hydrogen molecules (6) can be released.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche,9. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Oberfläche der Elektroden (4), die von der Flüssigkeit (5) bedeckt ist, mittels einer Barriereschicht (16) ganz oder teilweise abgedeckt ist. the surface of the electrodes (4) which is covered by the liquid (5) is completely or partially covered by means of a barrier layer (16).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006022416A DE102006022416A1 (en) | 2006-05-13 | 2006-05-13 | Device for generating shockwaves |
| PCT/EP2007/004155 WO2007131702A1 (en) | 2006-05-13 | 2007-05-10 | Device for producing shock waves |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2018123A1 true EP2018123A1 (en) | 2009-01-28 |
Family
ID=38515821
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07725076A Withdrawn EP2018123A1 (en) | 2006-05-13 | 2007-05-10 | Device for producing shock waves |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090326421A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2018123A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102006022416A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007131702A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016003854A1 (en) | 2016-03-26 | 2017-09-28 | Gerd Straßmann | Optimization of the sound pressure wave therapy of a tumor |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9198825B2 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2015-12-01 | Sanuwave, Inc. | Increase electrode life in devices used for extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) |
| CA2890401C (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2015-11-03 | Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. | Electrodischarge apparatus for generating low-frequency powerful pulsed and cavitating waterjets |
| CN116077987B (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-09-26 | 泰兴金江化学工业有限公司 | Production and processing equipment with raw material-controllable ethyl acetate |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4651311A (en) * | 1984-12-05 | 1987-03-17 | Southwest Research Institute | Electrodeless spark discharge acoustic pulse transducer for borehole operation |
| DE3918190A1 (en) * | 1989-06-03 | 1990-12-06 | Dornier Gmbh | HYDROGEN ELIMINATOR |
| GB9003390D0 (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1990-04-11 | Univ Manchester | Method of generating energy |
| EP0590177B1 (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1996-12-18 | Hmt High Medical Technologies Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Ag | Shock-wave generating apparatus for non-invasive destruction of concrements in living bodies |
| DE19718512C1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-06-25 | Hmt Ag | Production of shock waves for medical applications using spark discharge in water |
| DE10150385B4 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2005-12-08 | Ballard Power Systems Ag | The fuel cell system |
-
2006
- 2006-05-13 DE DE102006022416A patent/DE102006022416A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-05-10 WO PCT/EP2007/004155 patent/WO2007131702A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-05-10 EP EP07725076A patent/EP2018123A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-05-10 US US12/226,253 patent/US20090326421A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See references of WO2007131702A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016003854A1 (en) | 2016-03-26 | 2017-09-28 | Gerd Straßmann | Optimization of the sound pressure wave therapy of a tumor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102006022416A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| US20090326421A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
| WO2007131702A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
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