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EP2012397B1 - Bougie d'allumage et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Bougie d'allumage et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2012397B1
EP2012397B1 EP08012086.8A EP08012086A EP2012397B1 EP 2012397 B1 EP2012397 B1 EP 2012397B1 EP 08012086 A EP08012086 A EP 08012086A EP 2012397 B1 EP2012397 B1 EP 2012397B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
molded part
ground electrode
intermediate piece
welded
noble
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08012086.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2012397A2 (fr
EP2012397A3 (fr
Inventor
Werner Niessner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Mogul Ignition GmbH
Original Assignee
Federal Mogul Ignition GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102007052266.7A external-priority patent/DE102007052266B4/de
Application filed by Federal Mogul Ignition GmbH filed Critical Federal Mogul Ignition GmbH
Publication of EP2012397A2 publication Critical patent/EP2012397A2/fr
Publication of EP2012397A3 publication Critical patent/EP2012397A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2012397B1 publication Critical patent/EP2012397B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
    • H01T21/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark plug with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 and of a method with the features specified in the preamble of claim 4.
  • a spark plug which has a cylindrical center electrode made of copper with a jacket made of a highly heat-resistant nickel alloy. To increase the life of the center electrode is reinforced with a tip of a precious metal material.
  • the EP 1 517 418 A2 discloses alloys of more than 50% by weight of iridium with at least one further metal or metal oxide from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, nickel, tungsten, palladium, ruthenium, rhenium, aluminum, aluminum oxide, yttrium and yttrium oxide.
  • the iridium alloy tip is butt welded to the forward end of the base center electrode.
  • connection zone By subjecting the connection zone to a laser beam which is passed around the electrode, an alloy is formed in the connection zone, which consists of components of the non-noble center electrode and the electrode tip of the iridium alloy.
  • the alloy zone is intended to mitigate thermal stresses resulting from the different thermal expansion coefficients of the iridium alloy and the copper.
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion is between about 6 x 10 -6 K -1 and 7 x 10 -6 K -1 for platinum alloys between 9 x 10 -6 K -1 and 11 x 10 -6 K -1 .
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion is 16 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 , for nickel-based alloys between 10.5 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 and 14.5 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 .
  • the ground electrode of the known spark plug is formed as usual from a flat wire with a rectangular cross-section and consists of a highly heat-resistant nickel-based alloy. It is reinforced with a molding of a platinum alloy with more than 50 wt .-% platinum and with at least one metal from the group iridium, rhodium, nickel, tungsten, palladium, ruthenium and rhenium. As a molding reveals the EP 1 517 418 A2 a blank, which is welded with a laser on the base ground electrode. It is disadvantageous that the non-noble ground electrode has a substantially different shape and arrangement than the center electrode of the spark plug.
  • connection zone between the molded part formed from the platinum alloy and the base ground electrode, which projects beyond the molded part from the platinum alloy, is much worse to achieve with a laser beam than the connecting zone between the center electrode and its tip consisting of the iridium alloy.
  • an alloying zone covering the entire cross section of the platinum alloy molding, which is formed from the platinum alloy and the nickel-based alloy, is difficult or impossible to achieve.
  • this causes the bonding zone between the platinum alloy molding member and the ground electrode to be stressed by thermal stresses more than the bonding zone between the center electrode and its electrode tip formed from an iridium alloy.
  • cracking is observed in the junction zone between the ground electrode and the platinum alloy molding, which can lead to premature termination of the spark plug life, until the platinum alloy is removed.
  • EP 1 416 599 A2 to provide a 0.2 mm iridium alloy wafer with 40% by weight nickel between the base non-noble electrode and the precious metal alloy molding, which in this case is an iridium alloy or a platinum alloy.
  • This disc is first welded by resistance welding to the base ground electrode, which according to the disclosure of EP 1 416 599 A2 as well as the center electrode consists of Inconel 600. Thereafter, a molded article of the iridium or platinum alloy, which is cylindrical and at its one end has a larger diameter flange, welded to this flange by resistance welding on the already welded to the ground electrode disc made of iridium nickel. Thereafter, a laser beam is applied to the connection zone to improve the weld joint.
  • the iridium-40% nickel iridium washer provided between the non-noble ground electrode and the iridium or platinum alloy mold achieves thermal stresses in the junction zone between the Inconel 600 and the IrNi40 disk, as well as the thermal stresses between the IrNi40 and the molding of the nobler iridium or platinum alloy are lower than the thermal stresses between Inconel 600 and the iridium or platinum alloy molding without inserting the IrNi40 disk.
  • IrNi40 has a linear thermal expansion coefficient that is between that of the ground electrode and that of the iridium or platinum alloy molding.
  • the EP 1 376 791 A1 discloses between the non-noble ground electrode and the noble molding, with which the ground electrode is to be equipped, an intermediate piece - in particular of a noble metal alloy - provide, the linear expansion coefficient of which neither matches the ground electrode with that of the noble molding, but intervenes.
  • a spark plug with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 discloses the JP 2005-203110 A , Thereafter, it is known, a prefabricated rivet-shaped Composite part, which consists of a precious metal molding and an intermediate piece, which consists of the same base metal material as the ground electrode to weld butt to the ground electrode.
  • the ground electrode is provided with a blind hole, in which a precious metal molded part is inserted and welded to the ground electrode.
  • EP1341282 discloses the preamble of claims 1 and 4.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a way how the life of a generic spark plug can be extended.
  • nickel-based alloys particularly, z. Inconel materials, in particular Inconel 600.
  • Other well-suited alloys are nickel-based alloys containing 1.5 to 2.5% by weight of silicon, 1.5 to 3% by weight of aluminum, up to 0.5% by weight of manganese and 0.05 to 0.2 wt .-% of titanium in combination with 0.1 to 0.3 wt .-% zirconium and the remainder of nickel, wherein the zirconium may be wholly or partially replaced by the double mass hafnium
  • Another suitable nickel-base alloy contains 1.5 to 2.5% by weight of silicon, 1.5 to 3% by weight of aluminum, up to 0.5% by weight of manganese and 0.005 to 0.2% by weight. Yttrium in combination with 0.05 to 0.3 wt .-% lanthanum and the balance nickel.
  • platinum, iridium and their base alloys are particularly suitable platinum, iridium and their base alloys.
  • platinum-based alloys are mainly iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, tungsten, nickel and osmium as alloying components into consideration.
  • iridium-based alloys are mainly platinum, rhodium, palladium, rhenium and chromium as alloying components into consideration.
  • Particularly suitable are iridium-rhodium alloys, in particular iridium with 10 wt .-% rhodium.
  • the noble metal materials for the molding may contain small amounts of oxides of one or more of the elements zirconium, yttrium, hafnium, cerium, titanium, magnesium, barium and lanthanum, taken together preferably 0.05 to 1 wt .-%.
  • the intermediate piece or a composite part formed from the non-precious intermediate piece and the noble molded part can be connected to the ground electrode in different ways. One possibility is to provide a continuous hole in the base ground electrode and to insert the composite part formed from the shaped part and the intermediate piece into the through hole in such a way that the intermediate piece can be welded thereto at the side facing away from the center electrode of the ground electrode.
  • the precious metal-containing molded part should terminate flush with the center electrode facing surface of the ground electrode.
  • claim 4 is a method for reinforcing a ground electrode for a spark plug having the features of claim 1.
  • the noble metal-containing molded part, with which the ground electrode is to be reinforced welded to an intermediate piece of a material whose thermal expansion coefficient does not deviate from the thermal expansion coefficient of the base ground electrode.
  • the composite part formed from the molded part and the intermediate piece is then inserted into the through hole of the ground electrode so that the molded part is flush with the surface of the ground electrode facing the center electrode, and is welded to the base ground electrode.
  • the welded connection takes place on the center electrode opposite side of the ground electrode, and preferably by laser welding.
  • the ground electrode usually consists of a profile wire with a rectangular profile, from which a straight section is separated and welded to the body of the spark plug. Only then is the ground electrode bent towards the center electrode.
  • the composite part, with which the ground electrode is to be reinforced, is preferably welded to the ground electrode as long as the ground electrode is not yet bent towards the center electrode, but is still straight. This considerably facilitates the welding of the composite part to the ground electrode.
  • the molded part and the intermediate piece are first provisionally connected to each other and then welded by means of a laser.
  • Preliminary bonding can be accomplished by butting them together by electrical resistance welding.
  • Another possibility is to butt the molded part and the intermediate piece by cold welding, for. B. by friction welding or by compression with simultaneous increase in diameter by upsetting. Electrical resistance welding and cold welding are known per se as a method of making bimetallic contact rivets.
  • a composite part is formed by provisionally connecting the molded part to the intermediate piece, its connecting zone can be processed by laser welding in such a way that an alloy zone is formed which extends over the entire cross section of the composite part.
  • the composite part is expediently rotated about its own longitudinal axis, while its connection zone is located in the area of action of the laser beam and is hit all around by the laser beam.
  • the molded part and the intermediate piece can be cut off from a wire-shaped semifinished product and then joined together. But it is also possible to provisionally connect two wire-shaped semi-finished products at their ends first and then cut them from the respective semifinished product and to weld additionally with a laser. Finally, it is possible, a cut off from the semi-finished, consisting mainly of precious metal molding provisionally with the end of a base wire-shaped semifinished product to connect and only then to separate the composite part of non-precious semi-finished product. The latter approach is preferred.
  • FIG. 1 shows a spark plug with a spark plug body 1 made of a highly heat-resistant alloy, for. B. of a nickel-based alloy.
  • a ceramic insulator 2 is disposed, in which a center electrode 3 is embedded, which may be made of copper and is reinforced with a noble metal tip 5, which is welded to the front end of the center electrode 3 to form a connection zone 7, in which a Alloy of the constituents of the materials for the center electrode 3 and the noble metal tip 5 is present.
  • a ground electrode 4 is welded, which usually consists of a nickel alloy.
  • the ground electrode 4 is formed from a profile wire having a rectangular cross-section and formed as a roof electrode, that is, it is bent at right angles, so that its bent portion of the noble metal tip 5 of the center electrode 3 is opposite.
  • the ground electrode 4 is reinforced with a predominantly made of precious metal molded part 6, which is welded to a base 9, which serves as an intermediate piece between the ground electrode 4 and the predominantly made of precious metal molding 6, which forms a the entire cross section of the base 9 detecting connecting zone 8 is welded to the base 9.
  • In the connection zone 8 is an alloy of the constituents of the materials from which the intermediate piece 9 (the base) and the molded part 6 exist.
  • the noble metal tip 5 and the molded part 6 formed of noble metal face each other at a predetermined distance.
  • a molded part 6 is welded by electrical resistance welding.
  • the molded part 6 is a section of a predominantly made of precious metal wire-shaped semifinished product whose diameter is slightly smaller than that of the semifinished product 10.
  • the connection zone 8 between them with a laser processed, which is led around the connection zone 8.
  • the composite of the semifinished product 10 and the molded part 6 can be rotated about its longitudinal axis 11, wherein the laser remains stationary directed to the connection zone 8.
  • connection zone 8 which consists of the constituents of the materials of the wire sections involved and extends over the entire cross section of the molded part 6 and the intermediate piece 9.
  • a composite part 12 which consists of the molded part 6, the connection zone 8 and an intermediate piece 9 of the semifinished product 10, separated from the semifinished product 10 and welded to the ground electrode 4.
  • FIG. 2a shows a way to arm the ground electrode 4, namely by means of a composite part 12, the intermediate piece 9 is provided with a head 9a, which may be formed by upsetting.
  • a composite part 12 is inserted from behind into a through hole 14 of the ground electrode 4 and welded to it at the side facing away from the center electrode 3 of the ground electrode 4, where the head 9a abuts against the ground electrode 4.
  • the welding can be done by laser welding alone.
  • the molded part 6 is flush with the surface of the ground electrode 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Bougie d'allumage
    - avec un corps (1) à base d'un matériau métallique non noble, dans lequel est agencé un isolateur (2),
    - avec une électrode centrale (3) agencée dans l'isolateur (2),
    - avec une électrode de masse (4) partant du corps (1), sur laquelle est soudée une pièce moulée (6) orientée vers l'électrode centrale (3), dont la masse est constituée principalement d'un ou de plusieurs métaux nobles, et
    - avec une pièce intermédiaire (9) prévue entre la pièce moulée (6) et l'électrode de masse (4), laquelle est soudée d'une part avec la pièce moulée (6), et d'autre part, avec l'électrode de masse (4),
    où une pièce de liaison (12) formée par la pièce moulée (6) et la pièce intermédiaire (9) est enfichée dans un orifice (14) de l'électrode de masse (4) non noble, laquelle traverse l'électrode de masse (4), et
    où la pièce intermédiaire (9) est soudée sur le côté de l'électrode de masse (4) opposé à l'électrode centrale (3) avec celle-ci,
    caractérisée en ce que la pièce intermédiaire (9) est constituée du même matériau que l'électrode de masse (4) non noble, et
    que la pièce moulée (6) arrive au même niveau avec la surface de l'électrode de masse (4) orientée vers l'électrode centrale (3).
  2. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la pièce moulée (6) est constituée de platine
    ou d'un alliage à base de platine, qui contient un ou plusieurs des composants iridium, rhodium, ruthénium, palladium, tungstène, nickel et osmium,
    d'iridium
    ou d'un alliage à base d'iridium, lequel contient un ou plusieurs des composants suivants : rhodium, platine, nickel, chrome, palladium, rhénium.
  3. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la pièce moulée contient un oxyde d'un ou de plusieurs des éléments zirconium, yttrium, hafnium, cérium, titane, magnésium, baryum, lanthane.
  4. Procédé de renforcement d'une électrode de masse (4) d'une bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, avec une pièce moulée (6), dont la masse est principalement constituée d'un ou de plusieurs métaux nobles, en ce que la pièce moulée (6) est soudée sur une pièce intermédiaire (9),
    où un orifice traversant (14) est prévu dans l'électrode de masse (4) non noble,
    où la pièce de liaison (12) formée par la pièce moulée (6) et la pièce intermédiaire (9) est enfichée dans l'orifice traversant (14), et
    où la pièce intermédiaire (9) est soudée sur le côté de l'électrode de masse (4) opposé à l'électrode centrale (3) avec celle-ci,
    caractérisé en ce que la pièce intermédiaire (9) est constituée du même matériau que l'électrode de masse (4) non noble, et
    que la pièce de liaison (12) formée par la pièce moulée (6) et la pièce intermédiaire (9) est enfichée dans l'orifice traversant 14) de telle manière qu'elle arrive au même niveau avec la surface de l'électrode de masse (4) orientée vers l'électrode centrale (3).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la pièce moulée (6) et la pièce intermédiaire (9) sont reliées ensemble provisoirement dans un premier temps et sont ensuite soudées ensemble par laser ou faisceau d'électrons.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la pièce moulée (6) et la pièce intermédiaire (9) sont en rotation autour d'un axe longitudinal central (11) commun et, ce faisant, sont soudées ensemble au laser.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5, ou 6, caractérisé en ce que la pièce moulée (6) et la pièce intermédiaire (9) sont reliées ensemble provisoirement par un soudage électrique par résistance ou par un soudage à froid.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que des portions de fil sont employées en tant que pièce moulée (6) et en tant que pièce intermédiaire (9).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la pièce moulée (6) et un fil, à partir duquel est formée la pièce intermédiaire (9), sont soudés ensemble bord à bord de manière provisoire, une pièce de liaison (12) ainsi formée est séparée de la réserve de fil et ensuite, la zone de liaison (8) entre la pièce moulée (6) et le fil sont soudées de manière complémentaire avec un laser ou par un soudage par faisceau d'électrons pour la formation d'un alliage s'étendant sur toute la section transversale
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la pièce moulée (6) et le fil, à partir duquel la pièce intermédiaire (9) est formée, sont soudés ensemble bout à bout de manière provisoire, ensuite, la zone de liaison (8) entre la pièce moulée (6) et le fil sont soudées de manière complémentaire avec un laser ou par un soudage par faisceau d'électrons pour la formation d'un alliage s'étendant sur toute la section transversale et finalement, une pièce de liaison (12) ainsi formée est séparée de la réserve de fil.
EP08012086.8A 2007-07-06 2008-07-04 Bougie d'allumage et son procédé de fabrication Active EP2012397B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007031941 2007-07-06
DE102007052266.7A DE102007052266B4 (de) 2007-07-06 2007-11-02 Zündkerze und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2012397A2 EP2012397A2 (fr) 2009-01-07
EP2012397A3 EP2012397A3 (fr) 2011-04-06
EP2012397B1 true EP2012397B1 (fr) 2016-08-24

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EP08012086.8A Active EP2012397B1 (fr) 2007-07-06 2008-07-04 Bougie d'allumage et son procédé de fabrication

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010027463B4 (de) 2010-07-17 2016-12-22 Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh Zündkerze und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US9368943B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2016-06-14 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Spark plug having multi-layer sparking component attached to ground electrode
DE102015107998A1 (de) 2015-05-20 2016-08-04 Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh Zündkerze und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US12027826B2 (en) 2022-10-24 2024-07-02 Federal-Mogul Ignition Llc Spark plug

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004186152A (ja) * 2002-11-22 2004-07-02 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグ及びその製造方法
JP2005203110A (ja) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-28 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグの製造方法およびスパークプラグ

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2877035B2 (ja) 1995-06-15 1999-03-31 株式会社デンソー 内燃機関用スパークプラグ
JP3361479B2 (ja) 1999-04-30 2003-01-07 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグの製造方法
JP4028256B2 (ja) 2002-02-27 2007-12-26 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグの製造方法
EP1376791B1 (fr) 2002-06-21 2005-10-26 NGK Spark Plug Company Limited Bougie d'allumage et sa méthode de fabrication
JP4051264B2 (ja) 2002-11-01 2008-02-20 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグの製造方法
DE10252736B4 (de) * 2002-11-13 2004-09-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerze
JP4230202B2 (ja) * 2002-11-22 2009-02-25 株式会社デンソー スパークプラグおよびその製造方法
JP4123117B2 (ja) 2003-09-17 2008-07-23 株式会社デンソー スパークプラグ

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004186152A (ja) * 2002-11-22 2004-07-02 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグ及びその製造方法
JP2005203110A (ja) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-28 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグの製造方法およびスパークプラグ

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EP2012397A3 (fr) 2011-04-06

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