EP2001971A1 - Electrochromic formulation, electrochromic switchable component - Google Patents
Electrochromic formulation, electrochromic switchable componentInfo
- Publication number
- EP2001971A1 EP2001971A1 EP07727456A EP07727456A EP2001971A1 EP 2001971 A1 EP2001971 A1 EP 2001971A1 EP 07727456 A EP07727456 A EP 07727456A EP 07727456 A EP07727456 A EP 07727456A EP 2001971 A1 EP2001971 A1 EP 2001971A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrochromic
- formulation
- component
- formulation according
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MWVTWFVJZLCBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-bipyridine Chemical class C1=NC=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 MWVTWFVJZLCBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006103 coloring component Substances 0.000 claims 4
- -1 halide salt Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002496 iodine Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001483 eosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N eosin Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C21 YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEACYXSIPDVVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L eosin Y Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C([O-])=C(Br)C=C21 SEACYXSIPDVVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
Definitions
- Electrochromic formulation electrochromic switchable component
- the invention relates to a formulation for a elektrochro ⁇ mes component particularly one that irreversibly or almost mistaken ⁇ is reversibly switchable. Moreover, the invention relates to an electrochromic component which is irreversibly switchable.
- Electrochromic formulations for electrochromic devices form within the device at least one layer which is located between electrodes arranged perpendicular to one another.
- Essential components of this formulation are a redox system and a pH-active dye.
- Ver ⁇ shift the equilibrium of redox partners at the two electrodes in the opposite direction.
- the pH of one of the electrodes rises while it sinks on the counter electrode.
- Via a pH dye the change in pH is then converted into a color change.
- From DE 10 2005 031 634.4 is a material for a formulation of a electrochromic active layer of an electronic device known to th a polymeric Festelektroly ⁇ , a supporting electrolyte, a redox system, a white pigment, a solvent and comprises a dye at least, wherein the functionalities of the solid polymer electrolyte, chromophore and conducting salt are present together as one component in the formulation.
- the object of the invention is, therefore, an electrochromic Formu ⁇ -regulation to provide an electrochromic device for the active layer, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art over ⁇ and is suitable for visualizing a system state.
- the invention relates to an electrochromic formulation for the active layer of an electrochromic component, wherein the color change produced by the application of voltage either remains intact or lasts for at least four hours in the de-energized state.
- the invention also relates to the use of the formulation for electrochromic components such as, for example, electrochromic display elements, as well as electrochromic components which are irreversibly switchable or which contain a formulation of the subject matter of the invention.
- the formulations change irreversibly from one color state to another when an electrical voltage is applied. Irreversible in this context means that the Umpo ⁇ the electrochromic cell len not the original color state again, or after hours again can be achieved.
- the signal triggered by a sensor generates a color impression which is retained even in the currentless case.
- such formulations consist of a white pigment such as titanium dioxide and a solvent.
- the irreversibly reacting system is one that can not return to its original state due to a chemical reaction and / or thermodynamic or kinetic inhibition. Such reactions are known in chemistry, especially in analytical chemistry. However, these reactions usually proceed in an aqueous medium, often requiring a certain pH or pH range.
- One embodiment of the formulation is based on the use of metal salts, preferably those from the series of transition metals.
- the choice of the anion is not restricted be ⁇ .
- the class of inorganic anions are those of the series of halides, of the class of organic anions, acetates are preferred.
- the metal ions present in the formulation are reduced in the electrochromic cell at the cathode to elemental metal, resulting in a dark gray to black color impression as a result of the formed dispersively distributed metal. In the event of a colorless metal salt a particularly large ⁇ SSSR color contrast.
- Me ⁇ metal salts can be used, in which case a color change be- see the corresponding color of the dissolved salt in the formulation and the color of the resulting metal dispersive, that is, a dark color impression is produced.
- the metal atoms at the cathode which is now the anode, no longer oxidized to the ion, so that the dark color impression remains. Since the original anode has become the cathode after the polarity reversal, the color impression from bright to dark also takes place here.
- Another embodiment of the invention is based on the oxidation of the iodine anion to elemental iodine at the anode. Since the iodine salt in the formulation is colorless in the dissolved state, the iodine formed at the anode produces a dark brown to black color impression. This can be enhanced by the presence of starch in the formulation. As iodine salts z. As from the series of Alkalime ⁇ metals, in particular potassium iodide suitable.
- Another embodiment of the invention is based on the irreversible addition of bromine to fluorescein.
- the bromine is formed by oxidation of bromide present in the formulation at the anode. This bromine is added to irreversibly Fluo ⁇ rescein whereby tetrabromo-fluorescein (Eosin) is formed. This results in an irreversible color change from yellow to red. As Bromsalze z.
- As suitable from the series of alkali metals in particular potassium bromide.
- Another embodiment is based on 4.4
- Bipyridinium salts as are known from DE 10 2005 032 316.2. These switch reversibly in the electric field between two color impressions. However, this reversibility can be greatly delayed by a suitable matrix.
- a suitable matrix is one of anhydrous glycerol or one containing anhydrous glycerol. This delays after a switching operation, the return of the electrochromic cell in the initial state by many hours. To obtain the desired color impression, therefore, only an occasional voltage pulse is necessary.
- the figure shows a schematic structure of a elektrochro ⁇ men component, on a substrate 1 is the lower electrode 2, thereon the at least one active layer 3 and thereon the upper electrode 4.
- the entire component is surrounded by a Verkap- be 5.
- the pasty formulation obtained is applied according to the prior art between ITO-coated glass or flexible plastic ⁇ plastic substrates.
- a voltage is applied between the electrodes, a color change to dark brown / black is observed at the cathode.
- this color impression persists; it now also forms on the other electrode.
- the dark color ⁇ remains impressive even exist when de-energized for weeks.
- the resulting light brown, pasty formulation is applied according to the prior art between ITO-coated glass or flexible plastic substrates.
- a voltage is applied between the electrodes, a color change to dark brown / black is observed at the cathode.
- umpo ⁇ len the electrochromic cell this color impression remains, it now also arises at the other electrode.
- the dark color impression persists for weeks even when de-energized.
- the obtained white, pasty formulation is applied according to the prior art between ITO-coated glass or flexible plastic substrates.
- a voltage is applied between the electrodes, a color change from white to dark blue is observed at the cathode.
- this color impression persists for at least 8-100 hours.
- a short voltage pulse after 8-1oh the color impression can be maintained over a long period of time.
- the invention provides a formulation for an electrochromic component, or an electrochromic device is first provided by a one-time display realizable ⁇ bar. This is especially true for applications of display packaging of perishable goods, such as food or medicines, of high economic importance.
- the invention relates to a formulation for a elektrochro- mes component specifically one that irreversibly or almost mistaken ⁇ is reversibly switchable. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of such a formulation and an electrochromic component which is irreversibly switchable.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Beschreibungdescription
Elektrochrome Formulierung, elektrochromes schaltbares Bau¬ teilElectrochromic formulation, electrochromic switchable component
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Formulierung für ein elektrochro¬ mes Bauteil speziell eine, die irreversibel oder nahezu irre¬ versibel schaltbar ist. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung ein elektrochromes Bauteil das irreversibel schaltbar ist.The invention relates to a formulation for a elektrochro ¬ mes component particularly one that irreversibly or almost mistaken ¬ is reversibly switchable. Moreover, the invention relates to an electrochromic component which is irreversibly switchable.
Elektrochrome Formulierungen für elektrochrome Bauteile wie beispielsweise Displays auf Basis organischer Materialien bilden innerhalb des Bauteils mindestens eine Schicht, die sich zwischen senkrecht zueinander angeordneten Elektroden befindet. Wesentliche Bestandteile dieser Formulierung sind ein Redox-System und ein pH-aktiver Farbstoff. Wenn eine Spannung an das System angelegt wird, dann läuft die Ver¬ schiebung des Gleichgewichts der Redox-Partner an den beiden Elektroden in entgegengesetzter Richtung. Dies führt dazu, dass an der einen Elektrode der pH-Wert steigt, während er an der Gegenelektrode sinkt. Über einen pH-Farbstoff wird die Änderung des pH-Wertes dann in eine Farbänderung umgesetzt.Electrochromic formulations for electrochromic devices, such as displays based on organic materials, form within the device at least one layer which is located between electrodes arranged perpendicular to one another. Essential components of this formulation are a redox system and a pH-active dye. When a voltage is applied to the system, then the runs Ver ¬ shift the equilibrium of redox partners at the two electrodes in the opposite direction. As a result, the pH of one of the electrodes rises while it sinks on the counter electrode. Via a pH dye, the change in pH is then converted into a color change.
Aus der DE 10 2005 031 634.4 ist ein Material für eine Formu- lierung einer elektrochrom aktiven Schicht eines elektronischen Bauelements bekannt, die einen polymeren Festelektroly¬ ten, ein Leitsalz, ein Redox-System, ein Weißpigment, ein Lösungsmittel und einen Farbstoff zumindest umfasst, wobei die Funktionalitäten polymerer Festelektrolyt, Chromophor und Leitsalz gemeinsam als eine Komponente in der Formulierung vorliegen .From DE 10 2005 031 634.4 is a material for a formulation of a electrochromic active layer of an electronic device known to th a polymeric Festelektroly ¬, a supporting electrolyte, a redox system, a white pigment, a solvent and comprises a dye at least, wherein the functionalities of the solid polymer electrolyte, chromophore and conducting salt are present together as one component in the formulation.
Des weiteren ist aus der DE 10 2005 031 635.2 ein Material für eine elektrochrome Formulierung bekannt, das zumindest ein Polymer als Festelektrolyten, ein Leitsalz, ein Redox- System, ein Weißpigment, ein Lösungsmittel und einen Chro¬ mophor umfasst, wobei die Funktionalität des Redox-Systems und des Chromophors in einer Komponente verbunden sind. Die beschriebenen Formulierungen sind für eine hohe Anzahl von Schaltcyclen, also reversiblen Farbwechseln, ausgelegt. Damit sind sie für Display-Anzeigen, die zeitlich veränderli- che Informationen anzeigen, besonders geeignet .It is further known from DE 10 2005 031 635.2, a material for an electrochromic formulation the at least one polymer as a solid electrolyte, a supporting electrolyte, a redox system, a white pigment, a solvent and a Chro ¬ mophor, wherein the functionality of the redox -System and the chromophore are connected in one component. The described formulations are designed for a large number of switching cycles, ie reversible color changes. This makes them particularly suitable for display ads that display time-varying information.
Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass sie für Einweg-Produkte, also beispielsweise Einmal-Anzeigen, z. B. zur Visualisierung eines System-Zustands, nicht geeignet sind, da der angezeigte Zustand des Displays, z. B. ein Farbeindruck nur kurzzeitig erhalten bleibt . Unter System-Zustand wird ein beliebiger physikalischer Parameter wie z. B. die Temperatur und/oder der Druck verstanden.The disadvantage, however, is that they are for disposable products, so for example disposable displays, z. B. for visualization of a system state, are not suitable, since the displayed state of the display, for. B. a color impression is retained only for a short time. System state is any physical parameter such. As understood the temperature and / or pressure.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine elektrochrome Formu¬ lierung für die aktive Schicht eines elektrochromen Bauteils zu schaffen, das die Nachteile des Standes der Technik über¬ windet und zur Visualisierung eines System-Zustandes geeignet ist.The object of the invention is, therefore, an electrochromic Formu ¬-regulation to provide an electrochromic device for the active layer, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art over ¬ and is suitable for visualizing a system state.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine elektrochrome Formulierung für die aktive Schicht eines elektrochromen Bauteils, wobei der durch das Anlegen von Spannung erzeugte Farbumschlag im spannungsfreien Zustand entweder erhalten bleibt oder zumin- dest vier Stunden anhält. Außerdem ist Gegenstand der Erfindung auch die Anwendung der Formulierung für elektrochrome Bauteile wie beispielsweise elektrochrome Anzeigeelemente, sowie elektrochrome Bauteile, die irreversibel schaltbar sind oder die eine Formulierung dem Gegenstand der Erfindung ent- halten.The invention relates to an electrochromic formulation for the active layer of an electrochromic component, wherein the color change produced by the application of voltage either remains intact or lasts for at least four hours in the de-energized state. In addition, the invention also relates to the use of the formulation for electrochromic components such as, for example, electrochromic display elements, as well as electrochromic components which are irreversibly switchable or which contain a formulation of the subject matter of the invention.
Diese sind z. B. Displays, die den Zustand eines Systems überwachen und die Überschreitung von z. B. Grenzwerten irreversibel anzeigen. Damit ist die Überwachung eines physikali- sehen Parameters eines Systems möglich, bei dem eine Über¬ schreitung eines Soll/Grenzwertes erfolgt. Die Erfassung die¬ ses Werts erfolgt mittels geeigneter Sensoren, die bei Para¬ meterüberschreitung ein elektrisches Signal erzeugen, das ei- nen irreversiblen Farbwechsel des elektrochromen Anzeigeelements auslöst. Messwerte können z. B. die Temperatur, der Druck oder die relative Luftfeuchte sein. Weiterhin ist auch eine Kombination der genannten Parameter möglich.These are z. As displays that monitor the state of a system and the exceeding of z. B. indicate irreversible limits. Thus, monitoring a physical parameter see a system possible in which an over ¬ a target / limit underrange occurs. The detection of the ¬ ses value is effected by means of suitable sensors, the meter is exceeded at Para ¬ generate an electrical signal, the egg NEN irreversible color change of the electrochromic display element triggers. Measured values can be z. As the temperature, the pressure or the relative humidity. Furthermore, a combination of the mentioned parameters is possible.
Die Formulierungen wechseln beim Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung irreversibel von einem Farbzustand in einen anderen. Irreversibel bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang, dass beim Umpo¬ len der elektrochromen Zelle der ursprüngliche Farbzustand nicht wieder oder erst nach Stunden wieder erreicht werden kann. Das durch einen Sensor ausgelöste Signal erzeugt einen Farbeindruck, der auch im stromlosen Fall erhalten bleibt. Solche Formulierungen bestehen wie üblich aus einem Weißpigment wie beispielsweise Titandioxid und einem Lösungsmittel. Das irreversibel reagierende System ist ein solches, das auf Grund einer chemischen Reaktion und/oder thermodynamischen bzw. kinetischen Hemmung nicht mehr in den Ausgangszustand zurückkehren kann. Solche Reaktionen sind in der Chemie, insbesondere in der analytischen Chemie bekannt. Allerdings ver- laufen diese Reaktionen in der Regel in wässrigem Medium, wobei oftmals auch ein bestimmter pH-Wert oder pH-Bereich erforderlich ist.The formulations change irreversibly from one color state to another when an electrical voltage is applied. Irreversible in this context means that the Umpo ¬ the electrochromic cell len not the original color state again, or after hours again can be achieved. The signal triggered by a sensor generates a color impression which is retained even in the currentless case. As usual, such formulations consist of a white pigment such as titanium dioxide and a solvent. The irreversibly reacting system is one that can not return to its original state due to a chemical reaction and / or thermodynamic or kinetic inhibition. Such reactions are known in chemistry, especially in analytical chemistry. However, these reactions usually proceed in an aqueous medium, often requiring a certain pH or pH range.
Überraschenderweise erfolgen diese Reaktionen auch in pastö- ser Umgebung, wie z. B. für elektrochrome Anwendungen geeigneten Formulierungen, zur Anwendung in elektrochromen Bauteilen, geeignet sind.Surprisingly, these reactions also take place in a pasty environment, such. B. suitable for electrochromic applications formulations suitable for use in electrochromic devices.
Eine Ausführungsform der Formulierung basiert auf der Verwen- düng von Metallsalzen, vorzugsweise solchen aus der Reihe der Übergangsmetalle . Die Auswahl des Anions ist nicht be¬ schränkt. Aus der Klasse der anorganischen Anionen sind allerdings solche aus der Reihe der Halogenide, aus der Klasse der organischen Anionen sind Acetate bevorzugt . Die in der Formulierung vorhandenen Metallionen werden in der elektrochromen Zelle an der Kathode zu elementarem Metall reduziert, wobei infolge des gebildeten dispersiv verteilten Metalls ein dunkelgrauer bis schwarzer Farbeindruck entsteht. Im Falle eines farblosen Metallsalzes wird ein besonders gro¬ ßer Farbkontrast erreicht. Allerdings können auch farbige Me¬ tallsalze verwendet werden, wobei dann ein Farbwechsel zwi- sehen der entsprechenden Farbe des in der Formulierung gelösten Salzes und der Farbe des dispersiv entstehenden Metalls, also ein dunkler Farbeindruck, entsteht. Beim Umpolen der e- lektrochromen Zelle werden die Metallatome an der Kathode, die nun die Anode ist, nicht mehr zum Ion oxidiert, so dass der dunkle Farbeindruck bestehen bleibt. Da nach dem Umpolen die ursprüngliche Anode zur Kathode geworden ist, erfolgt auch hier der Farbeindruck vom Hellen ins Dunkle.One embodiment of the formulation is based on the use of metal salts, preferably those from the series of transition metals. The choice of the anion is not restricted be ¬. Of the class of inorganic anions, however, are those of the series of halides, of the class of organic anions, acetates are preferred. The metal ions present in the formulation are reduced in the electrochromic cell at the cathode to elemental metal, resulting in a dark gray to black color impression as a result of the formed dispersively distributed metal. In the event of a colorless metal salt a particularly large ¬ SSSR color contrast. However, colored Me ¬ metal salts can be used, in which case a color change be- see the corresponding color of the dissolved salt in the formulation and the color of the resulting metal dispersive, that is, a dark color impression is produced. When reversing the e-lektrochromen cell, the metal atoms at the cathode, which is now the anode, no longer oxidized to the ion, so that the dark color impression remains. Since the original anode has become the cathode after the polarity reversal, the color impression from bright to dark also takes place here.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung basiert auf der Oxidation des Jod-Anions zu elementarem Jod an der Anode. Da das Jodsalz in der Formulierung in gelöstem Zustand farblos vorliegt, entsteht durch das an der Anode entstehende Jod ein dunkelbrauner bis schwarzer Farbeindruck. Dieser kann durch Gegenwart von Stärke in der Formulierung noch verstärkt wer- den. Als Jodsalze sind z. B. die aus der Reihe der Alkalime¬ talle, insbesondere Kaliumjodid, geeignet.Another embodiment of the invention is based on the oxidation of the iodine anion to elemental iodine at the anode. Since the iodine salt in the formulation is colorless in the dissolved state, the iodine formed at the anode produces a dark brown to black color impression. This can be enhanced by the presence of starch in the formulation. As iodine salts z. As from the series of Alkalime ¬ metals, in particular potassium iodide suitable.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung basiert auf der irreversiblen Addition von Brom an Fluorescein. Das Brom wird durch Oxidation von in der Formulierung vorhandenem Bromid an der Anode gebildet. Dieses Brom wird irreversibel an Fluo¬ rescein addiert, wodurch Tetrabrom-Fluorescein (Eosin) gebildet wird. Dadurch erfolgt ein irreversibler Farbwechsel von gelb nach rot. Als Bromsalze sind z. B. die aus der Reihe der Alkalimetalle, insbesondere Kaliumbromid, geeignet.Another embodiment of the invention is based on the irreversible addition of bromine to fluorescein. The bromine is formed by oxidation of bromide present in the formulation at the anode. This bromine is added to irreversibly Fluo ¬ rescein whereby tetrabromo-fluorescein (Eosin) is formed. This results in an irreversible color change from yellow to red. As Bromsalze z. As suitable from the series of alkali metals, in particular potassium bromide.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform basiert auf 4,4-Another embodiment is based on 4.4
Bipyridiniumsalzen, wie sie aus der DE 10 2005 032 316.2 bekannt sind. Diese schalten im elektrischen Feld reversibel zwischen zwei Farbeindrücken hin und her. Diese Reversibilität kann aber durch eine geeignete Matrix sehr stark verzögert werden. Überraschenderweise ist eine geeignete Matrix eine solche aus wasserfreiem Glycerin oder ein solche, die wasserfreies GIy- cerin enthält. Dieses verzögert nach einem Schaltvorgang die Rückkehr der elektrochromen Zelle in den Ausgangszustand um viele Stunden. Um den gewünschten Farbeindruck zu erhalten, ist daher nur ein gelegentlicher Spannungsimpuls notwendig.Bipyridinium salts, as are known from DE 10 2005 032 316.2. These switch reversibly in the electric field between two color impressions. However, this reversibility can be greatly delayed by a suitable matrix. Surprisingly, a suitable matrix is one of anhydrous glycerol or one containing anhydrous glycerol. This delays after a switching operation, the return of the electrochromic cell in the initial state by many hours. To obtain the desired color impression, therefore, only an occasional voltage pulse is necessary.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung noch anhand einer Figur näher erläutert :In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a figure:
Die Figur zeigt einen schematischen Aufbau eines elektrochro¬ men Bauteils, auf einem Substrat 1 liegt die untere Elektrode 2, darauf die zumindest eine aktive Schicht 3 und darauf die obere Elektrode 4. Das gesamte Bauteil ist von einer Verkap- seiung 5 umgeben.The figure shows a schematic structure of a elektrochro ¬ men component, on a substrate 1 is the lower electrode 2, thereon the at least one active layer 3 and thereon the upper electrode 4. The entire component is surrounded by a Verkap- be 5.
Ausführungsbeispieleembodiments
1 Herstellung einer irreversibel reagierenden Formulierung auf Basis einer Metall-Reduktion1 Preparation of an irreversibly reactive formulation based on a metal reduction
6g Titandioxid und 0.6g Kobalt (II) -Chlorid werden mit 2.7g Diethylenglykol mittels eines Speedmixers innigst vermischt. Es wird eine weißlich, pastöse Formulierung erhalten.6 g of titanium dioxide and 0.6 g of cobalt (II) chloride are intimately mixed with 2.7 g of diethylene glycol by means of a speed mixer. It is obtained a whitish, pasty formulation.
Herstellung einer elektrochromen ZelleProduction of an electrochromic cell
Die erhaltene, weiße, pastöse Formulierung wird nach dem Stand der Technik zwischen ITO-beschichtete Glas- oder fle¬ xible KunststoffSubstrate appliziert. Beim Anlegen einer Spannung zwischen den Elektroden wird an der Kathode ein Farbumschlag nach dunkelgrau/schwarz beobachtet. Beim Umpolen der elektrochromen Zelle bleibt dieser Farbeindruck bestehen, er entsteht jetzt auch an der andren Elektrode. Der dunkle Farbeindruck bleibt auch im stromlosen Zustand über Wochen bestehen . 2 Herstellung einer irreversibel reagierenden Formulierung auf Basis der Oxidation von Jodid zu JodThe resulting formulation, white, pasty is applied according to the prior art between ITO-coated glass or fle ible ¬ plastic substrates. When a voltage is applied between the electrodes, a color change to dark gray / black is observed at the cathode. When reversing the polarity of the electrochromic cell this color impression remains, it now also arises at the other electrode. The dark color impression persists for weeks even when de-energized. 2 Preparation of an irreversibly reactive formulation based on the oxidation of iodide to iodine
3g wasserlösliche Stärke werden mit 0.3g Kaliumjodid mittels eines Speedmixers innigst vermischt. Dazu werden 1.5g Wasser gegeben und ebenfalls mittels eines Speedmixers intensiv un¬ tergemischt. Es wird eine helle, pastöse Formulierung erhal- ten.3g of water-soluble starch are intimately mixed with 0.3 g of potassium iodide using a speed mixer. To 1.5g of water are added and tergemischt also using a speed mixer intensively un ¬. It will receive a bright, pasty formulation.
Herstellung einer elektrochromen ZelleProduction of an electrochromic cell
Die erhaltene pastöse Formulierung wird nach dem Stand der Technik zwischen ITO-beschichtete Glas- oder flexible Kunst¬ stoffSubstrate appliziert. Beim Anlegen einer Spannung zwischen den Elektroden wird an der Kathode ein Farbumschlag nach dunkelbraun/schwarz beobachtet. Beim Umpolen der e- lektrochromen Zelle bleibt dieser Farbeindruck bestehen, er entsteht jetzt auch an der andren Elektrode. Der dunkle Farb¬ eindruck bleibt auch im stromlosen Zustand über Wochen bestehen .The pasty formulation obtained is applied according to the prior art between ITO-coated glass or flexible plastic ¬ plastic substrates. When a voltage is applied between the electrodes, a color change to dark brown / black is observed at the cathode. When reversing the polarity of the electrochromic cell, this color impression persists; it now also forms on the other electrode. The dark color ¬ remains impressive even exist when de-energized for weeks.
3 Herstellung einer irreversibel reagierenden Formulierung auf Basis der irreversiblen Addition von Brom3 Preparation of an irreversibly reactive formulation based on the irreversible addition of bromine
1.5g wasserlösliche Stärke werden mit 0.03g Fluorescein und 0.1g Kaliumbromid mittels eines Speedmixers innigst ver¬ mischt. Dazu wird Ig Wasser mittels eines Speedmixers inten- siv untergemischt. Es wird eine hellbraune, pastöse Formulie¬ rung erhalten. Herstellung einer elektrochromen Zelle1.5g water-soluble starch are mixed with 0.03g and 0.1g of potassium bromide Fluorescein using a speed mixer intimately ¬ ver. For this Ig water is intensively mixed by means of a Speedmixer. This gives a light brown, pasty Formulie ¬ tion. Production of an electrochromic cell
Die erhaltene hellbraune, pastöse Formulierung wird nach dem Stand der Technik zwischen ITO-beschichtete Glas- oder fle- xible KunststoffSubstrate appliziert. Beim Anlegen einer Spannung zwischen den Elektroden wird an der Kathode ein Farbumschlag nach dunkelbraun/schwarz beobachtet. Beim Umpo¬ len der elektrochromen Zelle bleibt dieser Farbeindruck bestehen, er entsteht jetzt auch an der andren Elektrode. Der dunkle Farbeindruck bleibt auch im stromlosen Zustand über Wochen bestehen.The resulting light brown, pasty formulation is applied according to the prior art between ITO-coated glass or flexible plastic substrates. When a voltage is applied between the electrodes, a color change to dark brown / black is observed at the cathode. When umpo ¬ len the electrochromic cell this color impression remains, it now also arises at the other electrode. The dark color impression persists for weeks even when de-energized.
4 Herstellung einer irreversibel reagierenden Formulierung auf Basis von 4, 4-Bipyridiniumsalzen, wie sie aus der DE 10 2005 032 316 bekannt sind:4 Preparation of an irreversibly reacting formulation based on 4, 4-bipyridinium salts, as are known from DE 10 2005 032 316:
6g Titandioxid und 0.6g eines 4, 4-Bipyridiniumsalzes werden mittels eines Speedmixers intensiv vermischt. Dazu wird ein Gemisch aus 2.2g Diethylenglykol und 1.6g wasserfreiem Gylce- rin mittels eines Speedmixers intensiv untergemischt. Es wird eine weiße, pastöse Formulierung erhalten.6 g of titanium dioxide and 0.6 g of a 4, 4-Bipyridiniumsalzes be mixed intensively by means of a speed mixer. For this purpose, a mixture of 2.2 g of diethylene glycol and 1.6 g of anhydrous glycerine is intensively mixed in by means of a speed mixer. A white, pasty formulation is obtained.
Herstellung einer elektrochromen ZelleProduction of an electrochromic cell
Die erhaltene weiße, pastöse Formulierung wird nach dem Stand der Technik zwischen ITO-beschichtete Glas- oder flexible KunststoffSubstrate appliziert. Beim Anlegen einer Spannung zwischen den Elektroden wird an der Kathode ein Farbumschlag von weiß nach dunkelblau beobachtet. Im stromlosen Zustand bleibt dieser Farbeindruck für mindestens 8-1Oh bestehen. Durch einen kurzen Spannungspuls nach 8-1Oh kann der Farbeindruck über einen langen Zeitraum aufrechterhalten werden.The obtained white, pasty formulation is applied according to the prior art between ITO-coated glass or flexible plastic substrates. When a voltage is applied between the electrodes, a color change from white to dark blue is observed at the cathode. When de-energized, this color impression persists for at least 8-100 hours. By a short voltage pulse after 8-1oh the color impression can be maintained over a long period of time.
Durch die Erfindung wird erstmals eine Formulierung für eine elektrochrome Komponente oder ein elektrochromes Gerät zur Verfügung gestellt, durch das eine Einmal-Anzeige realisier¬ bar ist. Dies ist insbesondere für Anwendungen von Anzeige- einrichtungen im Bereich der Verpackungen verderblicher Waren, beispielsweise von Lebensmitteln oder Arzneien, von hoher wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung.The invention provides a formulation for an electrochromic component, or an electrochromic device is first provided by a one-time display realizable ¬ bar. This is especially true for applications of display packaging of perishable goods, such as food or medicines, of high economic importance.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Formulierung für ein elektrochro- mes Bauteil speziell eine, die irreversibel oder nahezu irre¬ versibel schaltbar ist. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung einer solchen Formulierung und ein elektrochromes Bauteil das irreversibel schaltbar ist. The invention relates to a formulation for a elektrochro- mes component specifically one that irreversibly or almost mistaken ¬ is reversibly switchable. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of such a formulation and an electrochromic component which is irreversibly switchable.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006015056 | 2006-03-31 | ||
| PCT/EP2007/052984 WO2007113190A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-03-28 | Electrochromic formulation, electrochromic switchable component |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2001971A1 true EP2001971A1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07727456A Withdrawn EP2001971A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-03-28 | Electrochromic formulation, electrochromic switchable component |
Country Status (2)
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| EP (1) | EP2001971A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007113190A1 (en) |
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| DE102008024259A1 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2009-12-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrochromic formulation, useful for an electrochromic active paste and an organic electronic electrochromic component, comprises an electrochromic switchable pigment and a white pigment |
| DE102008024260B4 (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2010-04-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrochromic formulation and organic electrochromic switchable electronic component |
| DE102009055401A1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-07 | Deutsche Post AG, 53113 | Sensor module for setpoint monitoring of a measured variable and associated method |
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| US4538158A (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1985-08-27 | Bernard Warszawski | Electrosensitive media and recording process |
| JPH01297489A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1989-11-30 | Japan Carlit Co Ltd:The | Nonreversible electrochemical coloring display material |
| US6676021B1 (en) * | 1999-04-14 | 2004-01-13 | Power Paper Ltd. | Authenticated cards |
| CA2441266A1 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-09-26 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Electrochromic display device and compositions useful in making such devices |
-
2007
- 2007-03-28 EP EP07727456A patent/EP2001971A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-03-28 WO PCT/EP2007/052984 patent/WO2007113190A1/en not_active Ceased
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