EP2080852A1 - Scaffolding lining with access way flap with a limited rotation angle - Google Patents

Abstract

The lining has linkages (3) flexibly connected with each other, and two mounting plates (1) flexibly connected with each other by bolts (2) and rotatable against each other. One of the plates is connected with an access way flap by the bolts, and the other plate is connected with the lining. An auxiliary axle bearing (11) is arranged in the plates, where an auxiliary rotating axis (12) of the bearing runs parallel to the bolts. A stop surface (31) is formed at each of the linkages, where the stop surface rests on a counter stop surface of the plates with a maximum opening angle of the flap.

Description

The invention relates to a scaffold decking with an access door, the pivot angle is limited, and which is connected to the scaffold deck is connected via a hinge consisting of two articulated tie rods and two mounting plates which are pivotally connected together via a bolt and against each other and of which one mounting plate is connected to a gateway flap of a scaffold and the other mounting plate to a scaffold of a scaffold.

In the scaffoldings of scaffolding and other scaffolding openings are required, so-called passages through which ladders or stairs are accessible, leading to the next higher or the next lower scaffold. These passages cover the so-called passages. When a person climbs a flight of stairs and pushes from the bottom to an access hatch, she raises the flap and opens it as far as possible to achieve a comfortable ascent.

Several regulations for scaffolding and mobile scaffolds limit the permissible pivot angle to a value less than 90 degrees, so that the access doors fall back automatically after use by their gravity back to the opening. This ensures that the openings above and below a staircase or a ladder are always closed when not in use, so that nobody accidentally can fall through an unlocked access opening.

For this limitation, fixed stops of the scaffolding flap against the scaffolding are known. At maximum opening angle, the hinged edge of the access door is located on the scaffold decking. A major disadvantage is that in violent exceeding the largest opening angle by applying a force at the hinge distal end of the access door on the hinge a very high force is exerted, which often leads to the destruction of the hinge.

Another commonly used means are pull ropes or pull chains that connect the flap and scaffold decking and are taut at maximum allowable swing angle. When the scaffold flap is closed, the pull ropes or pull chains sag slack. Upon reaching the maximum opening angle, the ropes or chains are taut and then stand disadvantageously way in the way very obstructive in the way. Another disadvantage is the extra cost compared to a hinge.

Two articulated tie rods of which, similar to the pull cord or drawstring, one hinged to the flap and the other hinged to the frame of the flap, are known in the art e.g. for furniture, but not known for access panels in the scaffold decking.

Hinges are a well-known connecting element that connects two parts together so that they are pivotable about an axis against each other. In this case, most hinges consist of two mounting plates, at one edge of each at least one receptacle is arranged for a bolt, wherein the bolt is in each case alternately received by one and then by the other mounting plate. The recordings for the Bolt on the two mounting plates thus engage tooth-like into each other and around the bolt around. In the simplest case, a mounting plate has only a single receptacle for the bolt, such as the hinge of a room door. But it can also have numerous shots, if it is very long, and is then z. B. known as "piano band".

In any case, a receptacle on the one mounting plate is a free piece of the bolt on the other mounting plate opposite, so that the bolt receptacles of both mounting plates finger-like into each other and engage around the bolt.

The maximum pivot angle of such a hinge is always less than 360 degrees, the maximum pivot angle of the access door in the scaffold of a scaffold is 180 °, provided that the access door may rest on the scaffold deck open for a long time and the access opening then remains unlocked.

Against this background, the invention has taken on the task of developing a hinge for the connection of scaffolding flap and scaffolding covering that limits the pivoting angle, the devices for limiting are to be fully integrated into the hinge and should not require further reinforcement of the hinge.

As a solution, the invention presents a scaffold decking with an access door, which is connected to the scaffold deck via a hinge, in which an auxiliary axis bearing is arranged on both mounting plates, the auxiliary pivot axis is parallel to the bolt and is hinged to the one pull rod and at least one Drawbar a stop surface is formed, the at maximum opening angle of the hinge rests on a counter stop surface of a mounting plate.

An important feature of the invention is that the attachment points for the two, already known in principle tie rods are laid in the hinge. Such an arrangement of tie rods would limit the pivot angle even with scaffolding flaps. An essential difference from the hitherto known arrangement of the two tie rods outside the hinge is that their length is comparatively very short, but the forces acting on it are greatly increased.

Compared to articulated tie rods, which were previously mounted at a distance X to the bolt of the hinge and now, when integrated into the hinge, only the distance Y from the central axis of the bolt, reduces - at the same pivot angle - the length L. _x the drawbar on the size Y / X. Or as a formula ${\mathbf{L}}_{\mathbf{x}}\mathbf{=}\mathbf{Y}\mathbf{/}\mathbf{X}$

Dabei ist F_x die Zugkraft in den Zugstangen bei Anordnung in der Entfernung X zum Bolzen des Scharniers. Vereinfacht gesagt, werden die Zugstangen also durch die Integration ins Scharnier kürzer und dicker.The tensile force F _Y transferred from a force to the access door and from there via the hinge to the tie rods increases by the amount X divided by Y. Or as a formula $${\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{Y}}\mathbf{=}{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{X}}\mathbf{\cdot }\left(\mathbf{X}\mathbf{/}\mathbf{Y}\right)\mathbf{,}$$

Where F _x is the tensile force in the tie bars when arranged at the distance X to the bolt of the hinge. Put simply, the tie rods become shorter and thicker due to their integration into the hinge.

In the case of the application relevant here, the maximum radius of the access door pivotable about the bolt by the hinge is considerably greater than the maximum pivot radius of the outer edge of the door Hinge. A ratio of 10: 1 is a common example in practice, which shows that when the two articulated tie rods are displaced into the hinge, the tensile load on the tie rod may increase tenfold. Since the fasteners for the tie rods are integrated into the hinge, so also act correspondingly increased tensile forces on the fasteners on the hinge, which is not designed for this comparatively high, additional forces.

Since in practice the hinges are usually made of metal and therefore always have a certain elasticity, the introduction of such, not previously occurring, relatively high forces would ensure that deform the mounting plates of the hinge. A relatively slight deformation on the hinge, which is not yet spectacular there, causes over the e.g. ten times greater radius of the scaffolding flap to be pivoted that results from the small change in the pivoting angle at the outermost edge of the pivoted, ie open, access door, a clearly noticeable and therefore unpleasant change in the pivoting path. If this causes the swivel angle to increase beyond 90 °, it may happen that the access door remains inadvertently opened, which results in an increased risk of accidents and thus a safety risk.

The two tie rods pivotally mounted to the mounting plate of the hinge, is new. New and inventive is that the side edge of at least one pull rod is equipped with a stop surface, which rests at maximum opening angle of the hinge on a counter stop surface of a mounting plate. This makes the hinge a rigid element, that hardly deforms in the open state at maximum opening angle under the influence of additional, acting in the pivoting direction forces, because the two tie rods form with their resting and under load on pressed edge over the entire surface of the hinge away reaching ridge, the curvature of the Fixing plate prevented.

If the maximum possible stability is to be achieved, then a stop surface is formed on both tie rods at the inwardly facing edge, which extends over the entire length. Thus, such a large gain in stability is achieved as if a T-profile were used instead of a flat iron bent transversely to its longitudinal axis. Its opposite the flat iron additional, upstanding surface corresponds to the two upwardly projecting tie rods, which are braced together to form a reinforcing triangle.

Due to the enormous gain in stability thanks to the stop surface formed on the side of the tie rods, the hinge according to the invention is optimally suited for the safe pivoting angle limitation of the access door in the framework of a scaffold.

For such a hinge according to the invention with limitation of the swivel angle, various advantageous embodiments are possible. In general, the hinge is made of metal, but there are also plastics, especially with fibers or wires as reinforcements conceivable. In this case, the hinge can be produced as a casting, in which the receptacle for the bolt and the receptacle for the auxiliary axis bearing is cast onto the mounting plate.

However, in practice, a much more common embodiment is made of sheet metal. For hinges, it has long been known that the sheet is partially rolled up at one edge, so that serving as a pivot pin from the rolled-up portion of the sheet is included and held. An advantageous embodiment is to separate the later auxiliary axis bearing by a U-shaped incision in the plate of the mounting plate and to angle this area by 90 degrees, so that it is now aligned perpendicular to the surface of the mounting plate.

In practice, the two tie rods are often formed from sheet metal as a sheet-like element. The maximum tensile strength of this metal strip is independent of its orientation to the mounting plate of the hinge. However, if an edge of this metal strip is used in the context of the invention as a stop surface, which rests on a complementary counter stop surface on a mounting plate, it is optimal if the surface of the tie rod is oriented approximately perpendicular to the mounting plate and also perpendicular to the bolt of the hinge.

If the two tie rods are shaped as sheet metal parts, it is easiest for your joint if they lie flat against each other in the region of their connection point, allowing them to support each other and also making the necessary connection axis as short as possible so that they reach maximum pivoting angle of the hinge and then occurring in the tie rods tensile forces only with the lowest possible tilting moment is charged.

For this embodiment with the shortest possible connection axis between the two tie rods, it is advantageous if the two tie rods have a different length and the longer tie rod has a recess, in which in the closed state of the hinge, the auxiliary pivot axis of the shorter tie rod can swing.

An equally conceivable embodiment are tie rods of the same length, which, however, must be offset from each other by the width of the auxiliary pivot axis, so that they do not collide in the closed state.

Alternatively, two tie rods of equal length can rest on one another at their connection point if the geometry of the hinge ensures that the auxiliary pivot axes of each tie rod do not come into contact with one another in the closed state of the access flap.

A further advantageous embodiment of a hinge according to the invention is that a shock absorber is arranged between the stop face of a pull rod and the counter stop face on the mounting plate. It is irrelevant in principle, whether this shock absorber is fixed on the drawbar or on the mounting plate; It is important that the shock absorber shortly before reaching the stop delays the movement and thus dampens the impact of the stop surface on the counter stop surface.

As known in the general state of the art, the shock absorber z. B. a rubber element and / or a spring and / or a friction element and / or a piston in a cylinder. The piston in the cylinder can either force air or oil through a calibrated bore and thereby dampen the movement.

The size of the maximum Verschwenkungswinkels is given in the simplest embodiment of a hinge according to the invention by the shape of the tie rod and the abutment surface arranged thereon. If the maximum permissible pivoting angle is small, the tie rod with the stop face resembles a triangle.

As a variant, it may be desirable that the maximum pivot angle does not have to be specified during production, but can be adjusted only after the installation of the hinge. For this purpose, the distance of the abutment surface from the line between the center of the auxiliary pivot axis and the center of the joint between the two tie rods must be adjustable.

For z. B. the stop surface be mounted on a threaded rod which can be rotated in a corresponding counterpart on the pulling axis. To secure a found setting could z. B. a lock nut can be used. Thus, the stop surface always touched independently of the set distance surface with the counter stop surface, the stop surface should be pivotable on the tie rod.

In another embodiment, the stop surface is pivotable about the auxiliary pivot axis of the pull rod and locked in different positions. Conceivable z. B. different notches on the pull rod. These detents must then be arranged on a circular arc segment around the auxiliary pivot axis around.

As already explained in detail, it is an essential feature of the invention that when reaching the maximum pivot angle at least one pull rod with the laterally arranged abutment surface rests on the counter stop surface of the mounting plate and thereby adds the hinge to a mechanically very rigid structure. In this sense, the stability is further increased if, in the vicinity of mounting holes on the mounting plate at least one planar stiffening rib or at least a planar stiffening web is arranged so that it is aligned perpendicular to the mounting surface of the mounting plate and approximately perpendicular to the bolt. As a result, the task-related stiffness of the hinge according to the invention is further supported.

In a further alternative embodiment, the function of the shock absorption of a bumper can be taken with, if it consists of a permanently elastic material. In this case, however, the second pull rod must be made of a material that is much stiffer in comparison with it, that enables a load-bearing and stiff attachment of the stop face. The advantage of a combination of an elastically resilient drawbar without a lateral abutment surface with a pull rod that stably bears a stop surface are simplicity and low cost.

With frequent use, one limitation could be the limited life of the elastic material. For relatively frequently used hinges according to the invention, it may therefore be more advantageous, instead of a pull rod made of elastic material, to construct a pull rod consisting of two parts that can be displaced lengthwise relative to one another, which contact each other at the outer end of their displacement range with one stop each, and which are interconnected by an elastic element. The advantage of this arrangement compared to a pull rod formed exclusively of elastic material is that a stop surface for fixing a minimum length can be provided. However, the life of the elastic material remains a weak point, especially if the elastic material is permanently stressed to train.

Since, according to the current state of the art, most elastic materials have a longer life when they are subjected to pressure instead of tension, the invention proposes that the two, lengthwise mutually displaceable parts of the tie rod are designed approximately L-shaped the one leg pointing in the pulling direction and the other leg is transverse to the direction of pull and at an extension of the drawbar to move the two transverse to the direction of pulling legs towards each other and between the two latter legs, a spring element and / or a damping element is arranged. Thus, the two L-shaped elements engage around each other, so that a spring element or other elastic material between the two transversely aligned legs when reaching the stop is only subjected to pressure, whereby a longer life is achieved.

Another alternative is that the two tie rods are not connected to each other directly, but via another tie rod and / or a chain and / or a rope. This can be achieved that the hinge is formed even more compact in the closed state, since the tie rods can be folded quite compact.

Another interesting variant is that when reaching the maximum opening angle of the hinge, so if the stop surface rests on the counter stop surface, the two surfaces can be locked together so that the hinge is fixed and the access door is permanently open. For locking all known and conceivable elements can be used, such. B. a sliding bolt or a releasable latching lug or a releasable latch, the sliding wedge of spring force is pressed into a wedge-shaped recess.

It would also be conceivable to have a magnetic connection between the counter stop surface and the stop surface. When a solenoid is selected as a magnet, the flap can be remotely closed by the solenoid releasing the connection and the access door is moved from its own weight to the closed position. In this case, a shock absorption would be very effective, otherwise hit the flap with a bang on the edge of the scaffold decking.

This noise is not only annoying and can possibly even trigger secondary accidents, but the impulse to the edges of the scaffold flooring associated with it leads to premature aging of the flap and scaffold decking.

Figur 1

Scharnier, aufgeklappt bis zum maximalen Schwenkwinkel in perspektivischer Darstellung mit erfindungsgemäßen Zugstangen

Figur 2

Scharnier wie Fig. 1, jedoch ohne Zugstangen gemäß dem Stand der Technik

In the following, further details and features of the invention will be explained in more detail by way of examples. However, these are not intended to limit the invention, but only to explain. It shows in a schematic representation:

FIG. 1

Hinge, unfolded to the maximum swing angle in perspective view with pull rods according to the invention

FIG. 2

Hinge like Fig. 1 but without tie rods according to the prior art

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a hinge according to the invention, which is opened up to its maximum pivot angle 51. It consists of two mounting plates 1, which are connected to each other via a bolt 2, of which the upper mounting plate 1 carries the (not shown here) access door 5 and the lower mounting plate 1 is attached to the front side of the (not shown here) scaffolding cover 4. The embodiment shown here consists of sheet steel, which is bent around the pin 2 around to a receptacle for the bolt 2.

The auxiliary axle bearings 11 are bent out of the surface of the mounting plate 1 to the front, thereby leaving a rectangular opening, which is completely visible in the upper mounting plate 1. The auxiliary axle bearing 11 of the lower mounting plate 1 is almost completely obscured by the drawbar 3 hinged thereto, only a small corner is in FIG. 1 still visible. Also on the upper auxiliary axle bearing 11, a further pull rod 3 is hinged, which is hingedly connected to the lower tie rod 3.

The upper tie rod 3 has an approximately triangular shape, which arises because the outwardly facing, in FIG. 1 visible edge of the drawbar 3 at a different angle than the edge facing the mounting plate. This, in FIG. 1 invisible edge surface, is the stop surface 31 of the drawbar 3, which on the - also not visible here, because hidden - counter stop surface 13 of the mounting plate 1 rests.

Also, the lower tie rod 3 is located with a stop surface 31 on the corresponding counter-abutment surface 13 on the lower mounting plate 1.

The notch in the lower tie rod 3 is not inherent, but in the closed state of the access door 5, the required space for the upper auxiliary pivot axis 12th

In FIG. 1 is very good to see that the connection joint between the two tie rods 3 is not on the line that connects the two auxiliary pivot axes 12 of the two auxiliary axis bearing 11, but clearly outside this imaginary line.

If the hinge is loaded by forces on the access door 5, but can not swing further because of the pivoting angle limit, creates a torque that wants to move the two tie rods 3 away from each other. However, since they are hinged together, and the connecting joint between the two tie rods 3 outside the degrees between the two pivot axes 12 is arranged, each tie rod 3 is pressed with its stop surface 31 on the respective counter stop surface 13.

In FIG. 1 can thus be very well understood that press the two tie rods 3 by means of their stop surface 31 on the respective counter-abutment surface 13 of the mounting plate 1, thereby reinforcing them and thus prevent the mounting plate deformed under load.

In FIG. 2 are as prior art and thus deviating from the invention, the same mounting plates 1 as in FIG. 1 shown, but without the-essential for the invention features, namely without the auxiliary axle bearings 11 and without the tie rods. 3

On the upper mounting plate 1, a portion of a hatch 5 is shown as a graphically near the lower edge and near the lateral edge cut off area. It is fastened with rivets to the upper mounting plate 1 of the hinge, of which two rivets are exactly in the cutting plane, and therefore also cut and hatched in the sectional area.

The upper mounting plate 1 is pivotally connected to the lower mounting plate 1 via the bolt 2. The lower mounting plate 1 is riveted to the scaffold pad 4, which consists in this embodiment of a square tube and a plate attached thereto.

As well as in FIG. 1 Here, too, the maximum pivot angle 51 is reached. The limitation of this pivoting angle 51 is achieved in the illustrated embodiment according to the prior art in that a front edge of the access door 5 rests on the square tube of the scaffold covering 4. In FIG. 2 It is clear that even small dimensional changes of the front edge have a change in the maximum pivot angle 51 result.

Even with only a small change in the angle causes in relation to the dimension of the mounting plate 1 by orders of magnitude longer (and not fully shown here) access door. 5 a significant change in the maximum possible Verschwenkweges on the hinge-distal edge of the access door 5.

In FIG. 2 is very easy to understand that when reaching the maximum pivot angle 51 and the action of a force on the hinge remote (not shown here) edge of the access door 5, a very large torque is exerted on the hinge. This torque causes the hinge-near end edge of the access door 5 is pressed with high force on the square tube of the frame surface 4.

If the access door 5 made of a relatively elastic material - such. B. softwood - is made, and / or if the square tube at the edge of the frame surface 4 is an elastic Aluminiumstranggusselement, access door 5 and frame surface 4 are pressed together with great force and then give up because of the elasticity of their material. In this case, the allowable pivot angle 51 is far exceeded, since the hinge has nothing to oppose this movement.

But even if the access panels 5 and 4 scaffolding surface are made of very hard material and therefore give hardly elastic, the permissible pivot angle 51 is exceeded, since in this case - as in FIG. 2 is easy to understand - the hinge with its two mounting plates 1, the weakest link of the connection is: directed to the far away, hinge outer edge of the access door 5 force generated at the hinge near edge such a high torque that the access door 5 at its hinge near end face supported on its free end edge as an actual pivot axis.

This actual pivot axis is parallel to the bolt 2, which is supposed to be the only pivot axis of the entire arrangement, but no longer functions as a pivot axis under the conditions mentioned after reaching the stop. The actual pivot axis is then the edge of the access hatch 5 resting on the square tube of the framework surface 4.

The access door 5 is then pivoted about this pivot axis and thereby pulls the mounting plate 1 slightly away from the bolt 2, by stretching the rolled-up areas of the metal mounting plate 1.

By comparing FIG. 2 With FIG. 1 is very well understood that the described movements beyond the maximum allowable pivot angle by an inventive design of two auxiliary axis bearings 11, which are interconnected by two drawbars 3 according to the invention, intercepted.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Fastening plate of the hinge, hingedly connected to a second mounting plate 1

11

Auxiliary axle bearing, on mounting plate 1

12

Pivot axis of the auxiliary axis bearing 11th

13

Counter stop surface on mounting plate 1 for stop surface 31st

2

Bolt for connecting the two mounting plates 1

3

Pull rod, hinged to the auxiliary axle bearing 11 and the other pull rod 3

31

Stop surface on pull rod 3, beats on counter stop surface 13

4

Scaffold deck, carries a mounting plate 1 of the hinge

5

Passage door, hinged to scaffold deck 1 pivotally attached.

Claims (15)

Scaffold deck 4 with a hatch 5 whose pivot angle 51 is limited, and which is connected to the scaffold deck 4 via a hinge consisting of - Two articulated tie rods 3 and two fixing plates 1, - Which are connected by a bolt 2 hinged together and against each other are pivotable, and - Of which a mounting plate 1 with the access door 5 and the other fastening plate 1 is connected to the framework covering 4, characterized in that
on both mounting plates 1 each an auxiliary axis bearing 11 is arranged, - The auxiliary pivot axis 12 extends parallel to the bolt 2, and - To which a drawbar 3 is articulated and - At least one pull rod 3, a stop surface 31 is formed, which rests at a maximum opening angle of the access door 5 on a counter-abutment surface 13 of the mounting plate 1. Scaffold deck 4 according to the preceding claim 1, characterized in that the maximum pivot angle 51 is less than 90 degrees. Scaffold decking 4 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receptacle for the bolt 2 and / or the auxiliary axle bearing 11 is cast onto the mounting plate 1. Scaffold decking 4 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mounting plate 1 is made of sheet metal and the auxiliary axis bearing 11 is separated by a U-shaped incision from the plate of the mounting plate and angled by 90 ° region. Scaffold decking 4 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tie rod 3, which carries the abutment surface 3, is formed as a planar element, wherein the surface is aligned approximately perpendicular to the bolt 2. Scaffold decking 4 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a shock absorber is arranged between the abutment surface 31 and the counter-abutment surface 13. Scaffold deck 4 according to the preceding claim 7, characterized in that the shock absorber - A rubber element and / or - a spring and / or - A piston in a cylinder and / or a friction element is. Scaffold deck 4 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance of the stop surface 31 from the line between the center of the auxiliary pivot axis 12 and the center of the joint between the two tie rods 3 is adjustable. Scaffold deck 4 according to the preceding claim 9, characterized in that the abutment surface is pivotable about the auxiliary pivot axis 12 and lockable in different positions. Scaffold decking 4 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one mounting plate 1 at least one mounting hole is present and in the vicinity of at least one planar stiffening rib or at least one planar stiffening web is present, which (r) approximately perpendicular to the mounting surface of the mounting plate 1 and approximately perpendicular to the bolt 2 is aligned. Scaffold deck 4 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the one tie rod 3 which is free of a stop surface 31, consists of a permanently elastic material. Scaffold decking 4 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pull rod 3 consists of two mutually lengthwise mutually displaceable parts, which touch each other at the outer end of the sliding portion with one stop and which are interconnected by an elastic member. Scaffold decking 4 according to the preceding claim 13, characterized in that the two parts of the tie rod 3 are designed approximately L-shaped, and - Which has a leg in the longitudinal direction and - The other leg is transverse to the direction of pull and - At an extension of the drawbar 3, the two aligned transversely to the pulling direction legs are movable towards each other and - Between the latter two legs, a spring element and / or a damping element is arranged. Scaffold deck 4 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two tie rods 3 via - At least one further pull rod 3 and / or - a chain and / or - a rope connected to each other. Scaffold surface according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop surface 31 is lockable on the counter-stop surface 13.

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