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EP2051275B1 - Dispositif de disjonction à utiliser dans des installations de basse et moyenne tension en vue de la protection de biens et de personnes - Google Patents

Dispositif de disjonction à utiliser dans des installations de basse et moyenne tension en vue de la protection de biens et de personnes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2051275B1
EP2051275B1 EP08018404A EP08018404A EP2051275B1 EP 2051275 B1 EP2051275 B1 EP 2051275B1 EP 08018404 A EP08018404 A EP 08018404A EP 08018404 A EP08018404 A EP 08018404A EP 2051275 B1 EP2051275 B1 EP 2051275B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
short
contact
switching element
sacrificial element
contact electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08018404A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2051275A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Zahlmann
Arnd Ehrhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL08018404T priority Critical patent/PL2051275T3/pl
Publication of EP2051275A1 publication Critical patent/EP2051275A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2051275B1 publication Critical patent/EP2051275B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
    • H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a further developed short-circuiting device for use in low and medium voltage equipment for property and personal protection, comprising a switching element which is actuated by the trigger signal of a fault detection device, two opposing contact electrodes with means for supplying power, which to a circuit with terminals of different Potential are contactable, continue the contact electrodes under mechanical bias standing in the case of short circuit spring assisted perform a relative movement to each other, a sacrificial element as a spacer between the contact electrodes and with an electrical connection between the sacrificial element and the switching element on the one hand and one of the contact electrodes on the other hand, a current flow induced thermal destruction of the Targeting element to bring about specifically, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a method for initiating a short circuit in low and medium voltage installations with a short-circuiting device.
  • a short-circuiter for use in electrical energy distribution installations according to DE 197 46 815 A1 is provided directly driven by a gas generator short-circuiting element with a short-circuiting piston.
  • the local short-circuiting piston should perform regardless of manufacturing tolerances optimal shock movement and at the same time be transport-secured.
  • the DE 42 35 329 A1 includes a short-circuit device to the prior art, which consists of at least one switching element which is actuated with a trigger signal of an error detection device.
  • the short-circuiter provided there comprises at least two electrodes receiving the switching element between them and has current-carrying parts or regions.
  • the response times are insufficient and it is the overall design arrangement from a manufacturing point of view very expensive.
  • a short-circuiting device for use in low and medium voltage systems which also includes a switching element which is actuated by a trigger signal of an error detection device.
  • the switching element is a triggerable overvoltage protection device, which can be brought to a response by a current or voltage pulse and destructible in the event of an error.
  • At least one of the surge arrester receiving electrodes is under mechanical bias and is movable toward the opposite electrode, the overvoltage protector forming an electrode spacer which, in the event of destruction, allows the electrodes to contact the short circuit.
  • the aforementioned switching element may be a series circuit of a triggerable overvoltage protection device and a device with adjustable or defined melting integral.
  • the aforementioned device is a glass tube fuse, a linear or non-linear resistor, a varistor, a low-melting metal or a metal alloy, a semiconductive or conductive ceramic, such a glass, or the like.
  • a tension or compression spring used to generate the mechanical bias and the relative electrode movement.
  • an embodiment of the electrodes as a pot with a counter electrode is common, which has a plunging into the pot die.
  • the basic aim of the optimization of a short-circuit device is to achieve the fastest possible closing movement of the main contacts and a very low load on the switching element, wherein the sacrificial element substantially influences these two parameters.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with a short-circuiting device according to the combination of features according to claim 1, wherein reference is additionally made to an inventive method for initiating a short circuit in low-voltage systems using the short-circuiting device according to the invention.
  • the sacrificial element is a wire or rod made of a conductive material of low melting integral, the sacrificial element being in tension under mechanical prestressing.
  • the movable contact electrode can form a contact bridge between two electrical terminals.
  • the movable contact electrode can be designed as a displacement punch, which cooperates with a solid pot contact electrode, wherein in the pot contact electrode is a conductive, low-melting substance is located, which forms a complementary electrical bridge between the opposing contact portions when immersing the punch.
  • the low-melting substance is forced out of the pot region of the corresponding electrode and enters the remaining gap of the opposing contact electrodes.
  • the short-circuit current is then interrupted by the switching element after a predetermined time and the system is again loaded with mains voltage.
  • the short-circuiting device reports the error that has occurred and thus indicates a necessary check of the system.
  • the switching element of the short-circuiter is again and permanently activated.
  • the sacrificial element of the short-circuiter is overloaded in this case and there is the generation of a permanent metallic short circuit, which forces a shutdown of the system.
  • the sacrificial element 5 has a special significance with respect to the effective operation of the short-circuiting device.
  • the aim of optimizing the short-circuiting device is to achieve the fastest possible closing movement of the main contacts and a very low load on the switching element.
  • the speed of the closing movement of the main contacts is in addition to the contact distance, the mass of the moving contact, the effective counter forces also determined substantially by the force-displacement characteristic of the spring 4 used. The higher the initial force in the tensioned state and the higher the residual force in the closed state of the short-circuiter, the shorter the closing time of the main contacts.
  • the mass of the moving contact and the spring force in the stressed state permanently act on the sacrificial element and require a certain mechanical strength.
  • the sacrificial element is to be overloaded as possible due to a low power supply and the desired movement of the corresponding main contact, i. cause the respective contact electrode.
  • the switching element is loaded with the fault current.
  • the lower this load the lower the cost of the switching element can be kept.
  • the impedance of the switching element and possibly the existing impedance of the arc and the substantially ohmic resistance of the sacrificial element is eliminated from the fault circuit.
  • the sacrificial elements according to the invention have the following properties. There is a low melting integral (I 2 t value) of the material to minimize stress on the switching element.
  • the sacrificial elements have a high electrical conductivity to minimize the commutation time and have a high mechanical strength to use a high spring force in view of a desired reduction in the movement time of the contact electrodes. Furthermore, there is only a low arc voltage in the destruction of the sacrificial element for the realization of a short commutation time. Forces, which counteract the mechanical movement, such as a resulting increase in pressure, are avoided or reduced.
  • Fig. 1 is the sacrificial element 5 is not loaded on compressive strength by the spring preload, but there is a stress on train instead.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to use inexpensive wires or rods as the sacrificial element 5.
  • the sacrificial element of the second embodiment in addition to the high tensile strength necessary for this design on a low melting integral.
  • the spring 4 has according to Fig. 1 a guide 12, which is used with a member 13 for transmitting power to the movable contact electrode 14.
  • the elements 12 and 13 form a labyrinth seal, with the result that with a pressure increase in the seal interior, a movement support of the piston-like movable contact electrode 14 is ensured.
  • the pressure wave generated by the arc acts according to the variants Fig. 1 to 4 not contrary to the closing movement of the contact electrodes, but can be used to accelerate the movement, as has been set out above with reference to the piston-shaped design of the contact electrodes.
  • the design of the parts 12 and 13 with a suitable choice of material to achieve a sliding contact-like arrangement, which leads the current to close the main contacts.
  • a matching of the current distribution between the sacrificial element and the parts 12 and 13 is required.
  • the parts 12 and 13 are electrically contacted only after a minimal movement or that the contact is made by a voltage flashover in the form of breakdown or slip over a small distance due to the ignition of the arc on the sacrificial element 5.
  • constructions can be used in which the current forces support the movement of the moving element.
  • Fig. 2 shows a variant with wire-shaped sacrificial element 5, with the aim of reducing the moving mass, which is in principle also in tubular sacrificial elements, which are under spring pressure is conceivable.
  • the contact electrodes 6 and 14 according to Fig. 2 are fixed and only a movable contact plate 15 is used, which forms a bridge with respect to the contact electrodes 6 and 14.
  • the advantage of this embodiment consists in the small moving mass of the contact plate 15 and the low requirements in terms of current carrying capacity and the dynamic load of the connection between the contact plate 15 and one of the fixed main electrodes 6 and 14, respectively, in the case of the embodiment Fig. 3 was realized centrally.
  • the power supply to the contact plate or to the sacrificial element can also be effected via a sliding contact of one of the fixed electrodes.
  • the part 15 via a sliding contact with the first fixed main electrode 6.
  • the second fixed contact or main electrode 14 is insulated from the housing 1 by a part 7.
  • solder substance 10 can be forced between the fixed contacts 6 and 14 when heated, which increases the size of the conductive contact surface significantly.
  • the fixed main electrode 14 is formed as a pot electrode, wherein the movable contact plate 15 when immersed in the melting solder 10 displaces this as mentioned above.
  • the described short-circuiting allow the use of a self-extinguishing switching element such as spark gaps or thyristors, the application of a useful especially in the low voltage operating method for initiating a metallic short circuit.
  • the short circuit In the case of fast-acting short-circuiters, the short circuit is initiated within the first residual current half-wave, permanently until it is disconnected by the upstream protective devices. The entire system is thus disconnected from the grid. As a result, even with possibly self-extinguishing wipers as a result of the shutdown is a high loss of use. On the other hand, if the duration of the response of the short-circuiter is delayed, the damage to the equipment in the case of a real damage event, on the other hand, increases considerably. In addition, a drastically higher maintenance costs. A delay of the short-circuiter also makes any desired personal protection unthinkable.
  • the inventive principle of the method for initiating a short circuit is based on a staggered connection of the short-circuiter with the following timing.
  • the switching element of the short-circuiter After the detection of a fault, eg an arc fault in the system, the switching element of the short-circuiter is briefly actuated.
  • the possible short-circuit current through the switching element is limited by the sacrificial element and the impedance of the terminal and of the switching element.
  • the current commutes from the fault location to the short circuiter.
  • the switching element After an adjustable time, the switching element interrupts the short-circuit current and the system and the fault location are again loaded with mains voltage. In the case of a wiper and a sufficient reconsolidation of the fault remains the supply of the plant exist.
  • the short-circuiter reports the error that has occurred and thus indicates a necessary system check.
  • the switching element of the short-circuiter is controlled again and permanently.
  • the sacrificial element of the short-circuiter is overloaded in this case and generates a permanent metallic short circuit, which forces a shutdown of the system.
  • the sacrificial element is designed so that a metallic short circuit can already be achieved after the lowest current loads (low I 2 t values).
  • the switching elements used in this case must thus have only a very low current carrying capacity or a low switching capacity.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram relating to the parallel connection of another path.
  • the additional parallel path consists essentially of a controllable switching element 17 with medium to high current carrying capacity and breaking capacity.
  • an impedance 16 may be provided. With the help of the impedance, it is possible to influence the magnitude of the short-circuit current or the value of the square-wave current pulse, for example with non-linear impedances. On the one hand, this may be useful in order to avoid a response of possible overcurrent or undervoltage protection devices of the network during the first time-limited switching of the switching element and, on the other hand, not to exceed the maximum load with regard to current carrying capacity and extinguishing capability for less powerful switching elements.
  • the height of the impedance 16 should not exceed a few 100 m ⁇ , since otherwise a commutation of the fault current to the overall device (short circuit path 1 and 2) is severely hindered.
  • the impedance should be less than a few m ⁇ .
  • semiconductor switches e.g. Thyristors or IGBTs, but also triggerable vacuum switch and spark gaps suitable.

Landscapes

  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destiné à être employé dans des installations à basse et à moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes, comprenant un élément de commutation susceptible d'être actionné par un signal de déclenchement d'un dispositif de détection d'erreurs, deux électrodes de contact mutuellement opposées avec des moyens pour l'amenée de courant, ces électrodes pouvant être mises en contact avec un circuit électrique avec des raccords à différents potentiels, dans lequel les électrodes de contact, qui sont sous précontrainte mécanique, exécutent en cas de court-circuit un mouvement relatif l'une par rapport à l'autre avec assistance d'une force due à un ressort, ou bien les électrodes de contact sont pontées par un élément de contact sous précontrainte lorsque l'élément de contact exécute un mouvement relatif par rapport aux électrodes de contact, un élément sacrifié à titre d'écarteur entre les électrodes de contact, ainsi qu'une connexion électrique entre l'élément sacrifié et l'élément de commutation d'une part et l'une des électrodes de contact d'autre part, pour exécuter de façon ciblée une destruction thermique de l'élément sacrifié par le passage d'un courant,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément sacrifié est un fil ou une tige en matériau conducteur avec une faible intégrale de fusion, l'élément sacrifié étant soumis à une précontrainte mécanique en traction, et des éléments d'étanchéité qui s'emboîtent les uns dans les autres sont prévus entre les électrodes de contact à la manière d'un labyrinthe, afin de provoquer, lors de la formation d'un arc électrique et du développement d'une pression, une assistance au mouvement de l'électrode de contact mobile à la manière d'un piston ou de l'élément de contact en forme de pont.
  2. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de contact mobile forme un pont de contact entre deux raccords électriques.
  3. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément de commutation est raccordé à l'électrode de contact mobile.
  4. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément de commutation est raccordé à l'électrode de contact fixe.
  5. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de contact mobile est réalisée sous forme de poinçon à refoulement qui coopère avec une électrode de contact fixe en forme de godet, dans lequel une substance conductrice à bas point de fusion se trouve dans l'électrode de contact en forme de godet, substance qui forme, lors de la plongée du poinçon, un pont électrique complémentaire entre les tronçons de contact opposés.
  6. Procédé pour établir un court-circuit dans des installations à basse tension en utilisant un dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par
    une mise en circuit par gradins des éléments de court-circuit, présentant les étapes suivantes :
    - bref pilotage de l'élément de commutation après détection d'un cas de perturbation ;
    - limitation du courant de court-circuit à travers l'élément de commutation au moyen de l'élément sacrifié et l'impédance du raccordement ainsi que l'impédance de l'élément de commutation lui-même, et commutation du courant depuis l'emplacement d'erreur vers les éléments de court-circuit ;
    - interruption du courant de court-circuit après un temps prédéterminé au moyen de l'élément de commutation, et nouveau chargement de l'installation avec la tension du réseau ;
    - si le cas d'erreur persiste, le cas échéant nouveau pilotage, maintenant durable, de l'élément de commutation ;
    - destruction de l'élément sacrifié et génération d'un court-circuit durable avec mise hors service de l'installation.
EP08018404A 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de disjonction à utiliser dans des installations de basse et moyenne tension en vue de la protection de biens et de personnes Not-in-force EP2051275B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL08018404T PL2051275T3 (pl) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Urządzenie zwierające do stosowania w instalacjach niskiego i średniego napięcia dla ochrony rzeczy i osób

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005036812 2005-08-04
DE102005048003A DE102005048003B4 (de) 2005-08-04 2005-10-06 Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz
EP06777558A EP1911059B1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destine a etre utilise dans des installations basse et moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06777558A Division EP1911059B1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destine a etre utilise dans des installations basse et moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes
EP06777558.5 Division 2006-07-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2051275A1 EP2051275A1 (fr) 2009-04-22
EP2051275B1 true EP2051275B1 (fr) 2010-04-07

Family

ID=37398294

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08018404A Not-in-force EP2051275B1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de disjonction à utiliser dans des installations de basse et moyenne tension en vue de la protection de biens et de personnes
EP06777558A Not-in-force EP1911059B1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destine a etre utilise dans des installations basse et moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06777558A Not-in-force EP1911059B1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destine a etre utilise dans des installations basse et moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2051275B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101278369B (fr)
AT (2) ATE463833T1 (fr)
DE (4) DE102005048003B4 (fr)
PL (1) PL2051275T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007014816A1 (fr)

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DE4331992A1 (de) * 1993-09-21 1995-03-23 Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh Gegen Störlichtbögen gesicherte zellenartige Schaltanlage zur Verteilung elektrischer Energie
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DE19907319B4 (de) * 1999-02-20 2005-04-28 Krone Gmbh Überspannungsschutzelement
DE10313045B3 (de) * 2003-03-11 2004-07-15 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen
DE10329082A1 (de) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-21 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Elektrisches Bauelement, insbesondere Laserdiodenbauelement, elektronische Schaltungsanordnung mit einer Mehrzahl von seriell zueinander verschalteten elektrischen Serienelementen und Überbrückungselement für ein elektrisches Serienelement

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DE102005048003A1 (de) 2007-04-19
ATE463833T1 (de) 2010-04-15
DE502006003948D1 (de) 2009-07-23
EP2051275A1 (fr) 2009-04-22
PL2051275T3 (pl) 2010-09-30
WO2007014816A1 (fr) 2007-02-08
EP1911059A1 (fr) 2008-04-16
CN101278369B (zh) 2012-07-25
DE502006006665D1 (de) 2010-05-20
DE102005048003B4 (de) 2008-04-30
CN101278369A (zh) 2008-10-01
EP1911059B1 (fr) 2009-06-10
ATE433602T1 (de) 2009-06-15
DE202006020737U1 (de) 2009-09-24

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