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EP2046924A1 - Carburant moteur renouvelable - Google Patents

Carburant moteur renouvelable

Info

Publication number
EP2046924A1
EP2046924A1 EP07797039A EP07797039A EP2046924A1 EP 2046924 A1 EP2046924 A1 EP 2046924A1 EP 07797039 A EP07797039 A EP 07797039A EP 07797039 A EP07797039 A EP 07797039A EP 2046924 A1 EP2046924 A1 EP 2046924A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
renewable fuel
derivable
renewable
octane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07797039A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mary-Louise R. Rusek
Jonathon D. Ziulkowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swift Enterprises Ltd
Original Assignee
Swift Enterprises Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swift Enterprises Ltd filed Critical Swift Enterprises Ltd
Publication of EP2046924A1 publication Critical patent/EP2046924A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to an engine fuel produced from renewable materials and, in particular, the present invention provides a non-petroleum based fuel produced fully from renewable materials.
  • the fuel of the present invention may be formulated into a variety of octane ratings, including a high octane rating used in aviation fuels, as well as lower octane ratings utilized in automobile and truck applications. Further, the components that make the effective renewable fuel can be mixed to form jet turbine and diesel fuels.
  • Ethanol-based fuels for internal combustion engines have been available for roughly five decades.
  • a key benefit of ethanol-based fuels is that they have a slightly higher octane number than ethanol-free gasoline. This is the reason many oil companies provide high ethanol containing premium fuels and lower ethanol regular grades of gasoline.
  • Octane (Power) Octane number is a measure of the effectiveness of power production. It is a kinetic parameter, therefore difficult to predict. Oil companies compiled volumes of experimental octane data (for most hydrocarbons) for the Department of Defense in the 1950's. The method used to obtain this dynamic parameter is discussed in the next paragraph. 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane (isooctane) has a defined octane number of 100, and n-heptane has a defined octane number of 0, based on experimental tests. Octane numbers are linearly interpolated and extrapolated by this method, hence predictions for mixes can be made once pure sample values are determined.
  • Automobile gasoline is placarded at the pump as the average of Research and Motor octane numbers. These correlate to running a laboratory test engine (CFR) under less severe and more severe conditions, respectively. True octane numbers lie between the Research and Motor octane values. Aviation fuel has a "hard" requirement of 100 MON (motor octane number); ethanol has a MON of 96, which makes its use only viable when mixed with other higher octane components. Conventional IOOLL (i.e., 100 octane low lead) contains about 3ml of tetraethyl lead per gallon.
  • IOOLL The current production volume of IOOLL is approximately 850,000 gallons per day. IOOLL has been designated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the last fuel in the United States to contain tetraethyl lead. This exemption will likely come to an end in the near future (2010).
  • EPA Environmental Protection Agency
  • the present inventors have arduously carried out research and endeavored to provide a fully renewable fuel, preferably derived from biomass, having a high octane and a high energy content. Accordingly, in a first embodiment of the present invention, the present inventors provide a renewable fuel comprised of:
  • renewable fuel of the first embodiment above is provided, wherein:
  • the low carbon esters derivable from ethanol are present in an amount of from about greater than 0 to 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the fuel.
  • the pentosan derivable furans are present in an amount of from about greater than 0 to 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the fuel;
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon derived from acetone or propyne are present in an amount of from about greater than 0 to 60 wt%, based on the total weight of the fuel;
  • the one or more C 4 -C io straight chain alkanes derivable from polysaccharides are present in an amount of from about greater than 0 to 65 wt%, based on the total weight of the fuel
  • the bio-oils derived from plant germ are present in an amount of from about 2 to 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the fuel.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above is provided, wherein the low carbon esters derived from ethanol are esters having a carbon number of Ci to C 4.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above is provided, wherein the low carbon ester derived from ethanol is ethyl acetate.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above is provided, wherein the pentosan derivable furans are substituted furans.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above is provided, wherein the pentosan derivable furan is 2-methyl furan.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above is provided, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is mesitylene.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above wherein the one or more C 4 -C 10 straight chain alkanes derivable from polysaccharides are one or more selected from the group consisting of n-butane through n- decane.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above is provided, wherein the one or more C 4 -C 10 straight chain alkanes derivable from polysaccharides.
  • the straight chain alkanes are one or more of n-pentane, n- hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, and n-nonane.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above is provided, wherein the C 4 -C1 0 straight chain alkanes are n-heptane.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above is provided, wherein the C 4 -C 10 straight chain alkanes are an equal molar volume mixture of n-hexane and n-octane.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above is provided, wherein the bio-oils derived from plant germ are one or more selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, palm oil and corn oil.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment of the present invention above is provided, wherein the bio-oil derived from plant germ is corn oil.
  • the renewable fuel of the first embodiment above further comprises (f) triethanolamine.
  • the renewable fuel of the fourteenth embodiment above is provided, wherein the fuel comprises from about greater than 0 to about 10 wt% of triethanolamine.
  • a renewable fuel comprised of (a) one or more low carbon esters derivable from ethanol, (b) one or more pentosan derivable furans, (c) one or more aromatic hydrocarbons derived from acetone or propyne, (d) one or more C ⁇ -Cg straight chain alkanes derivable from polysaccharides and (e) one or more bio-oils derived from plant germ.
  • the renewable fuel may contain triethanolamine, which provides lubricity.
  • Amines have been known to increase lubricity in internal combustion engines; triethanolamine having such a property when used with the other renewable components.
  • esters having a carbon number of 1-4 such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate or propyl acetate.
  • ethyl acetate is used, as ethyl acetate provides an increase in the fuel's vapor pressure, essential for cold weather operations.
  • These low carbon number esters are derivable from ethanol, using processes such as direct reaction with acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid. Further, the acetic acid can be directly derived from ethanol, if desired. All of these components can be derived from kernel corn, switchgrass or other cellulosic or sugar based materials.
  • component (b) i.e., pentosan derivable furans
  • substituted furans Most preferably, 2-methyl furans are used.
  • the pentosan derivable furans are derived from corn stalks, stalks of other grains, and potentially, grasses. Specific furans are used as octane and energy increasing components.
  • the present invention comprises aromatic hydrocarbons derived from acetone, a fully renewable source.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon is mesitylene.
  • Mesitylene can conveniently be prepared by the trimerization of acetone or propyne; acetone can be readily prepared from biomass, and propyne can be extracted from natural gas.
  • Mesitylene is preferred, since the acetone or propyne reaction "stops" at the trimer, which makes the conversion high due to lack of significant side-reactions.
  • Mesitylene can be used as an octane and energy enhancing ingredient.
  • the alkanes are derived from biomass, specifically polysaccharides derived from biomass.
  • Straight chain alkanes have the lowest octane number of a given set of alkane isomers; the more, branched the molecule, the smoother combusting (higher octane) the molecule exhibits when tested.
  • C 5 to C 9 straight chain alkanes are utilized.
  • Ce to Cg straight chain alkanes are included in the fuel. These straight chain alkanes act as octane depressants within the fuel.
  • the straight chain alkanes are one or more chosen from n-pentane, n- hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, and n-nonane.
  • Lower straight chain alkanes such as n-pentane, n-butane, propane and below, have too low of a boiling point to be useful as a main component of the developed fuel.
  • Higher straight chain alkanes such as n-nonane, n-decane and above, have too high of a carbon-to-hydrogen molecule fraction (>0.444). This high fraction leads to incomplete combustion in heat engines and coking.
  • Straight chain alkanes are used to suppress the octane of a given fuel, while maintaining a high energy content per unit volume. Higher alkanes can be used in diesel and jet turbine applications.,
  • component (e) i.e., bio-oils derived from plant germ
  • these components may be derived from various plant sources.
  • the bio-oil may include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil or corn oil, palm oil, and combinations thereof.
  • corn oil is utilized as the bio-oil component because of its enhancement of energy, fuel's physical properties, and lubricity properties.
  • Corn oil is derived directly from the corn germ.
  • the renewable fuel of the present invention may additionally contain component (f), i.e., triethanolamine.
  • component (f) i.e., triethanolamine.
  • Triethanolamine can be derived from ammonia and ethylene, both of which can be conveniently produced from biomass.
  • this renewable fuel can be formulated to have a very high octane, e.g., up to 160 MON, by varying the octane increasing ingredients, such as the furans, with the energy increasing components such as mesitylene and corn oil.
  • the present inventors unexpectedly discovered that the renewable fuel of the present invention could be formulated to have a much lower octane rating, such as 84 MON, which can be, for example, utilized as an automotive fuel.
  • a high energy, octane depressant (component (d)) such as n-heptane
  • component (d) can be added to the fuel to obtain a lower octane rated fuel for use in conventional automotive and aviation applications.
  • Another method of formulating a lower octane fuel known as "derating" includes the substitution of acetone or tetrahydrofuran or other low octane ingredients for the ethyl acetate, while increasing the energy content.
  • the present inventors prepared the following fuels of the present invention (denoted in Table 2 as "100LL Replacement and High Octane AvGas), and conducted calorimetric tests thereof. In particular, calorimetry was conducted in a Parr combustion bomb. Octane measurements were done by variable compression ratio engine testing under more severe conditions to assess Motor Octane Number (MON).
  • MON Motor Octane Number
  • the ethanol-based renewable fuels of the present invention can be derived from biosources, hence they are truly renewable. Furthermore, two of the components are directly synthesized from ethanol; which makes this technology complementary to existing and future ethanol plants.
  • the raw materials for each of the components are polysaccharides or germ oils in some form; these have current and projected market prices.
  • the present invention advantageously provides a cost effective, fully renewable, and high performing fuel capable of replacing currently used petroleum-based fuels.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des carburants moteurs entièrement renouvelables dérivés intégralement de sources de biomasse. Le carburant moteur entièrement renouvelable comprend un ou plusieurs esters à nombre réduit de carbones, un ou plusieurs furannes pouvant être dérivés de la pentosane, un ou plusieurs hydrocarbures aromatiques, un ou plusieurs alcanes à chaîne droite C4-C10 pouvant être dérivés de polysaccharides, et une ou plusieurs bio-huiles. En outre, ledit carburant peut contenir une triéthanolamine. Ce carburant renouvelable à indice d'octane inférieur peut être utilisé, par exemple, dans un carburant pour automobile, dans des applications de carburants d'aviation 100 LL et dans des applications de moteurs à turbine. Lesdits carburants entièrement renouvelables à base d'éthanol peuvent être formulés de manière à présenter une multitude de valeurs d'octane et de valeurs énergétiques, et permettent de remplacer efficacement le carburant d'aviation 100 LL (connu sous le nom d'avgas) ainsi que les carburants pour moteurs à turbine, les carburants diesel et les propergols à indice d'octane élevé.
EP07797039A 2006-07-27 2007-07-27 Carburant moteur renouvelable Withdrawn EP2046924A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US83358906P 2006-07-27 2006-07-27
PCT/US2007/016867 WO2008013922A1 (fr) 2006-07-27 2007-07-27 Carburant moteur renouvelable

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2046924A1 true EP2046924A1 (fr) 2009-04-15

Family

ID=38981779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07797039A Withdrawn EP2046924A1 (fr) 2006-07-27 2007-07-27 Carburant moteur renouvelable

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20080168706A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2046924A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2007277154A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008013922A1 (fr)

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US8556999B2 (en) 2007-07-27 2013-10-15 Swift Fuels, Llc Renewable engine fuel and method of producing same
US8907150B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2014-12-09 Swift Fuels, Llc Biogenic fuel and method of making same
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US8344193B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2013-01-01 Swift Fuels, Llc Biogenic turbine and diesel fuel
US8552232B2 (en) * 2006-07-27 2013-10-08 Swift Fuels, Llc Biogenic turbine and diesel fuel
US9145566B2 (en) 2007-07-27 2015-09-29 Swift Fuels, Llc Renewable engine fuel and method of producing same
EP2128227A1 (fr) 2008-05-19 2009-12-02 Furanix Technologies B.V Dérivés de furanne monosubstitués via décarboxylation et leur utilisation en tant que carburant (aviation)
EP2128226A1 (fr) 2008-05-19 2009-12-02 Furanix Technologies B.V Composition de carburant
US8628594B1 (en) 2009-12-01 2014-01-14 George W. Braly High octane unleaded aviation fuel
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008013922A1 (fr) 2008-01-31
AU2007277154A1 (en) 2008-01-31
US20080168706A1 (en) 2008-07-17

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