EP1917370A1 - Pt-ir-based wire hardened by oxide dispersion and other alloys provided with an improved surface for spark plug electrodes - Google Patents
Pt-ir-based wire hardened by oxide dispersion and other alloys provided with an improved surface for spark plug electrodesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1917370A1 EP1917370A1 EP06776674A EP06776674A EP1917370A1 EP 1917370 A1 EP1917370 A1 EP 1917370A1 EP 06776674 A EP06776674 A EP 06776674A EP 06776674 A EP06776674 A EP 06776674A EP 1917370 A1 EP1917370 A1 EP 1917370A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- strip
- platinum
- alloy
- palladium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002835 Pt–Ir Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
- Y10S75/95—Consolidated metal powder compositions of >95% theoretical density, e.g. wrought
- Y10S75/951—Oxide containing, e.g. dispersion strengthened
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component
Definitions
- a tape or wire whose composition is based on platinum or palladium.
- the strip or wire consists of an oxide-dispersion-hardened alloy which is doped with non-noble metal additives.
- the alloy may additionally contain minor group elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, rhenium, tungsten, tantalum, hafnium, lanthanum, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, yttrium, titanium, scandium and gold, as well as lanthanides as subordinate alloy constituents.
- Mo 0.3-10% preferably 1-6% in total at least 3% and at most 35%.
- the first wire section was aged for 8 hours at 1600 ° C under air atmosphere.
- the cross-section metallographic examination showed a porous zone about 120 ⁇ m thick on the surface.
- the investigation of this zone by means of energy dispersive analysis in the scanning electron microscope revealed an Ir content which decreased from 19% to 3% from the inside to the outside.
- This wire section was further rolled as a square profile at 700 0 C easily to a cross section of 2.4 mm x 2.4 mm.
- a sample was taken from the wire, which was examined by metallographic cross-section.
- the investigation shows a dense outer layer with uniformly fine-grained microstructure and an average layer thickness of 42 ⁇ m.
- the third section was stored for 8 h at 1600 c C under an argon atmosphere and further rolled as a square profile at 700 0 C.
- First transverse cracks only occurred at a cross section of about 2.8 mm x 2.8 mm.
- Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, an alloy of Ptlr20 was prepared with dopants of 3200 ppm Zr and 350 ppm Y. With the cross section 4 mm x 4 mm, the material was aged for 15 days at 1000 0 C in air atmosphere. The processing was carried out according to the procedure described for the above-mentioned first wire section.
- An alloy of PtRuIO doped with 1800 ppm Zr and 200 ppm Sc was also prepared analogously to Example 1 and processed into a wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm.
- Example 14 An alloy of PtW5 doped with 3200 ppm Zr and 350 ppm Sc was also prepared analogously to Example 1 and made into a strip 0.3 mm thick. From this strip, discs of diameter 1, 5 mm were punched, which were used as spark plug electrodes in passenger car engines. The tapes of Example 14 passed the tests made in Example 13 in an analogous manner.
- the third portion was 8 outsourced h at 1600 ° C under an argon atmosphere and further rolled at 700 0 C. First cracks first appeared at a thickness of about 2.2 m.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI200630345T SI1917370T1 (en) | 2005-08-15 | 2006-08-08 | Pt-ir-based wire hardened by oxide dispersion and other alloys provided with an improved surface for spark plug electrodes |
| PL06776674T PL1917370T3 (en) | 2005-08-15 | 2006-08-08 | Pt-ir-based wire hardened by oxide dispersion and other alloys provided with an improved surface for spark plug electrodes |
| CY20091100738T CY1109237T1 (en) | 2005-08-15 | 2009-07-14 | PT-IR ALLOY BASED WIRE OR OTHERWISE REDUCED BY OXIDE DISSEMINATION PROVIDED WITH IMPROVED SURFACE SHEET |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005038772A DE102005038772B4 (en) | 2005-08-15 | 2005-08-15 | Wire of oxide dispersion strengthened Pt-Ir and other alloys with improved surface for spark plug electrodes |
| DE102005056619 | 2005-11-25 | ||
| PCT/EP2006/007835 WO2007019990A1 (en) | 2005-08-15 | 2006-08-08 | Pt-ir-based wire hardened by oxide dispersion and other alloys provided with an improved surface for spark plug electrodes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1917370A1 true EP1917370A1 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
| EP1917370B1 EP1917370B1 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
Family
ID=37312024
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06776674A Not-in-force EP1917370B1 (en) | 2005-08-15 | 2006-08-08 | Pt-ir-based wire hardened by oxide dispersion and other alloys provided with an improved surface for spark plug electrodes |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7736752B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1917370B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5294859B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE428812T1 (en) |
| CY (1) | CY1109237T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE502006003473D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1917370T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2326042T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL1917370T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1917370E (en) |
| SI (1) | SI1917370T1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007019990A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007007873A1 (en) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-08-21 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh | Dispersion-hardened platinum-containing materials comprise platinum or its alloy with rhodium, gold or palladium and dispersion-hardener comprising cerium, zirconium, scandium or yttrium oxidized to extent of at least 90 percent by weight |
| WO2009086723A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-16 | Wuxi Yingtepai Metal Product Co., Ltd. | A zirconium oxide and yttrium oxide dispersion-strengthened pd-au alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| US20090302732A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-12-10 | Lykowski James D | Alloys for spark ignition device electrode spark surfaces |
| US7969078B2 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2011-06-28 | Federal Mogul Ignition Company | Spark ignition device for an internal combustion engine and sparking tip therefor |
| DE202008013345U1 (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2008-12-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Metallic pin for investment casting and casting |
| JP5325220B2 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2013-10-23 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Spark plug |
| WO2011125267A1 (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2011-10-13 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Spark plug |
| DE102014210984A1 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Spark plug electrode, process for its manufacture and spark plug |
| EP3971311B1 (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-07-06 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Improved dispersion-hardened precious metal alloy |
| EP3978884B1 (en) * | 2020-10-02 | 2024-05-29 | Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH & Co. KG | Wire with platinum composition for contacting temperature sensors |
| WO2025073358A1 (en) * | 2023-10-04 | 2025-04-10 | Heraeus Precious Metals Gmbh & Co. Kg | Use of a platinum alloy for spark plug electrodes and for spark plug electrode end pieces |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3868530A (en) * | 1973-07-05 | 1975-02-25 | Champion Spark Plug Co | Spark plug |
| NL8100238A (en) | 1980-01-25 | 1981-08-17 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | ALLOY, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME AND USE OF THE ALLOY. |
| DE3832342C1 (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1989-07-20 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau, De | Platinum-jacketed wire, method for production of a platinum-jacketed wire and use of a platinum-jacketed wire |
| DE4009366A1 (en) * | 1990-03-23 | 1991-09-26 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A METAL COMPOSITE WIRE |
| JPH04235740A (en) * | 1991-01-18 | 1992-08-24 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Catalyst net |
| GB9120161D0 (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 1991-11-06 | Johnson Matthey Plc | New pinning wire products |
| GB2299813A (en) * | 1995-04-08 | 1996-10-16 | Ford Motor Co | Spark plug electrode |
| DE19645155C2 (en) * | 1996-11-02 | 2001-09-13 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Electrode for implantation in body tissue, process for its preparation and its use (I) |
| DE19758724C2 (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 2002-12-12 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Dispersion-strengthened platinum-gold material, process for its production and its use |
| DE10040591C1 (en) * | 2000-08-15 | 2001-11-08 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Production of a coating on a refractory component used in glass industry comprises using a precious metal alloy having a specified melting temperature and formed from platinum, iridium, rhodium, rhenium and/or gold |
| DE10046456C2 (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2003-04-10 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Through finely divided, small particles of base metal oxide, dispersion-strengthened, gold-free platinum material |
| US6664719B2 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2003-12-16 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Spark plug |
-
2006
- 2006-08-08 DK DK06776674T patent/DK1917370T3/en active
- 2006-08-08 EP EP06776674A patent/EP1917370B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-08-08 PL PL06776674T patent/PL1917370T3/en unknown
- 2006-08-08 ES ES06776674T patent/ES2326042T3/en active Active
- 2006-08-08 WO PCT/EP2006/007835 patent/WO2007019990A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-08-08 PT PT06776674T patent/PT1917370E/en unknown
- 2006-08-08 SI SI200630345T patent/SI1917370T1/en unknown
- 2006-08-08 DE DE502006003473T patent/DE502006003473D1/en active Active
- 2006-08-08 AT AT06776674T patent/ATE428812T1/en active
- 2006-08-08 JP JP2008526409A patent/JP5294859B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-02-14 US US12/031,292 patent/US7736752B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-07-14 CY CY20091100738T patent/CY1109237T1/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2007019990A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2007019990A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| SI1917370T1 (en) | 2009-10-31 |
| JP2009504917A (en) | 2009-02-05 |
| US7736752B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 |
| DK1917370T3 (en) | 2009-08-17 |
| CY1109237T1 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
| EP1917370B1 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
| US20080295925A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
| PL1917370T3 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
| DE502006003473D1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
| ATE428812T1 (en) | 2009-05-15 |
| PT1917370E (en) | 2009-07-20 |
| ES2326042T3 (en) | 2009-09-29 |
| JP5294859B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
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