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EP1974062A1 - Process for production of compacted graphite iron - Google Patents

Process for production of compacted graphite iron

Info

Publication number
EP1974062A1
EP1974062A1 EP06835848A EP06835848A EP1974062A1 EP 1974062 A1 EP1974062 A1 EP 1974062A1 EP 06835848 A EP06835848 A EP 06835848A EP 06835848 A EP06835848 A EP 06835848A EP 1974062 A1 EP1974062 A1 EP 1974062A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iron
magnesium
cerium
mould
production
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06835848A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1974062B1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Sillen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NovaCast Technologies AB
Original Assignee
NovaCast Technologies AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NovaCast Technologies AB filed Critical NovaCast Technologies AB
Publication of EP1974062A1 publication Critical patent/EP1974062A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1974062B1 publication Critical patent/EP1974062B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/20—Measures not previously mentioned for influencing the grain structure or texture; Selection of compositions therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for production of cast iron with a structure predominantly consisting of compacted graphite shapes.
  • the process is based on a combination of pre-treatment of a base iron and a final treatment in the mould.
  • Compacted graphite iron is a cast iron alloy with a graphite structure between flake type graphite shapes and spherical shapes.
  • the graphite shape is determined by the conditions in the liquid iron during the solidification.
  • Treatment of a base iron, preferably with a carbon equivalent between 4.0 and 4.4 and with a sulphur content below 0.02%, with a ferrosilicon alloy containing 4-10% magnesium can be used to achieve the compacted graphite structure.
  • the magnesium content must be kept within very narrow limits usually within +/- 0.003% and with a level of about 0.008 to 0.015% depending on conditions of the base iron and the cooling rate in the casting to be produced. As used herein percent refers to percent by weight.
  • the treatment with magnesium is usually made in a ladle.
  • the magnesium treatment can be made inside each mould. That technology known as in-mould treatment/technology is well-known for production of ductile iron. A special version of the technology as described in WO 01/54844 Al, is suitable for production of compacted graphite iron.
  • the in-mould technology is based on placing the magnesium alloy in a chamber in the gating system in the mould. During pouring, the iron flows into the chamber and gradually dis- solves the alloy. The treated metal then fills the casting cavity. The problems with fading of magnesium are eliminated when using this process.
  • the invention concerns a process for production of compacted graphite iron using in-mould addition of a magnesium alloy in accordance with claim 1.
  • Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
  • the amount of cerium is adjusted in relation to the sulphur content in the base iron.
  • the cerium level should be adjusted according to the formula:
  • %Cerium (%Sulphur - 0.006)* 2.9 + A.
  • the value for A varies preferably between 0.01 and 0.03 depending on the configuration of the casting i.e. variation in section dimensions and casting modulus.
  • cerium has a very high boiling point (3470°C) and a high density (6.14 g/cm 3 ) it does not show any fading effect.
  • cerium By adding cerium to the base iron it can be properly dis- solved and less magnesium alloy has to be added in the reaction chamber in the mould as cerium also has a structure forming effect.
  • the treatment alloy preferably contains 3-6% magnesium and 0.5-1.5% lanthanum.
  • Lanthanum has a favourable effect in reducing defects such as carbides and shrinkages in the casting. The effect on shrinkages is highest just after treatment and therefore it is optimal to add the lanthanum as late as possible.
  • compositions for commercially available alloys include:
  • magnesium alloy 48% Fe, 45% Si, 5% Mg, 1.0% Al, 0.5% La and 0.5% Ca
  • Cerium alloy 65% Fe, 25% Ce, 7% La, and a balance of other rare earth elements .
  • cerium is added to the oven or the ladle (and not as a part of the magnesium alloy) and magnesium is added to the mould.
  • the magnesium addition can be reduced with at least 30% compared to a normal treatment in-the-mould without the pre-conditioning.
  • the reduced magnesium level in the castings has also the advantage that casting defects such as dross and micro- shrinkage are minimized.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

A process for production of compacted graphite iron using in-mould addition of a magnesium alloy is disclosed. The process is characterised by a step of pre-treating the base iron in a ladle or in a furnace with an alloy containing cerium and performing a structure forming treatment in a reaction chamber in the mould using an alloy containing magnesium and lanthanum.

Description

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF COMPACTED GRAPHITE IRON
Field of the invention
The invention relates to a process for production of cast iron with a structure predominantly consisting of compacted graphite shapes. The process is based on a combination of pre-treatment of a base iron and a final treatment in the mould. Background art
Compacted graphite iron is a cast iron alloy with a graphite structure between flake type graphite shapes and spherical shapes. The graphite shape is determined by the conditions in the liquid iron during the solidification. Treatment of a base iron, preferably with a carbon equivalent between 4.0 and 4.4 and with a sulphur content below 0.02%, with a ferrosilicon alloy containing 4-10% magnesium can be used to achieve the compacted graphite structure. The magnesium content must be kept within very narrow limits usually within +/- 0.003% and with a level of about 0.008 to 0.015% depending on conditions of the base iron and the cooling rate in the casting to be produced. As used herein percent refers to percent by weight. The treatment with magnesium is usually made in a ladle. Magnesium boils at 1090°C and since the temperature of the iron usually is higher than 14000C during the treatment some of the magnesium therefore vanishes as vapour, and some combines with the sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen in the iron. During holding of the iron before pouring further reduction of the active magnesium content occurs. This gradual reduction of active magnesium is called fading.
In order to avoid these problems the magnesium treatment can be made inside each mould. That technology known as in-mould treatment/technology is well-known for production of ductile iron. A special version of the technology as described in WO 01/54844 Al, is suitable for production of compacted graphite iron. The in-mould technology is based on placing the magnesium alloy in a chamber in the gating system in the mould. During pouring, the iron flows into the chamber and gradually dis- solves the alloy. The treated metal then fills the casting cavity. The problems with fading of magnesium are eliminated when using this process.
One problem is that the sulphur level in the base iron often varies. Therefore the magnesium level must be adjusted. However, with the in-mould treatment this is practically not possible as the treatment chamber is the same in each mould. Another problem is that treatment with magnesium makes the structure sensitive to variation in cooling rate. With a high cooling rate e.g. in thin sections of the casting the graphite shapes tend to be more spherical. With long cooling rates i.e. in thick sections the graphite will precipitate as flakes.
It is known that treatment alloys containing both magnesium and cerium reduce these problems. However high levels of cerium can increase the risk for certain casting defects such as formation of primary carbides and shrinkages . Description of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to solve these problems.
The invention concerns a process for production of compacted graphite iron using in-mould addition of a magnesium alloy in accordance with claim 1. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. The amount of cerium is adjusted in relation to the sulphur content in the base iron. The cerium level should be adjusted according to the formula:
%Cerium = (%Sulphur - 0.006)* 2.9 + A.
The value for A varies preferably between 0.01 and 0.03 depending on the configuration of the casting i.e. variation in section dimensions and casting modulus. As cerium has a very high boiling point (3470°C) and a high density (6.14 g/cm3) it does not show any fading effect. By adding cerium to the base iron it can be properly dis- solved and less magnesium alloy has to be added in the reaction chamber in the mould as cerium also has a structure forming effect.
The treatment alloy preferably contains 3-6% magnesium and 0.5-1.5% lanthanum. Lanthanum has a favourable effect in reducing defects such as carbides and shrinkages in the casting. The effect on shrinkages is highest just after treatment and therefore it is optimal to add the lanthanum as late as possible.
The alloys used can have various compositions since the paramount feature is the overall fraction of active metal. However, examples of compositions for commercially available alloys include:
For the magnesium alloy: 48% Fe, 45% Si, 5% Mg, 1.0% Al, 0.5% La and 0.5% Ca, and for the Cerium alloy: 65% Fe, 25% Ce, 7% La, and a balance of other rare earth elements .
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention cerium is added to the oven or the ladle (and not as a part of the magnesium alloy) and magnesium is added to the mould.
With the proposed process the magnesium addition can be reduced with at least 30% compared to a normal treatment in-the-mould without the pre-conditioning. The reduced magnesium level in the castings has also the advantage that casting defects such as dross and micro- shrinkage are minimized.

Claims

1. A process for production of compacted graphite iron using in-mould addition of a magnesium alloy characterized by pre-treating the base iron in a ladle or in a furnace with an alloy containing cerium and performing a structure forming treatment in a reaction chamber in the mould using an alloy containing magnesium and lanthanum.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the base iron is pretreated with an alloy containing cerium in order to reach cerium levels between 0.008 and 0.025% and the iron is further treated in the casting mould using an alloy containing 3-6% magnesium and 0.5-1.5% lanthanum.
3. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein the minimum percentage of cerium in the base iron is estimated as (%S-0.006) *2.9 + 0.01), where S is the sulphur content in the iron before addition of cerium.
EP06835848A 2005-12-20 2006-12-14 Process for production of compacted graphite iron Not-in-force EP1974062B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0502817A SE529445C2 (en) 2005-12-20 2005-12-20 Process for making compact graphite iron
PCT/SE2006/001424 WO2007073280A1 (en) 2005-12-20 2006-12-14 Process for production of compacted graphite iron

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1974062A1 true EP1974062A1 (en) 2008-10-01
EP1974062B1 EP1974062B1 (en) 2013-01-23

Family

ID=38188913

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06835848A Not-in-force EP1974062B1 (en) 2005-12-20 2006-12-14 Process for production of compacted graphite iron

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US20090183848A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1974062B1 (en)
KR (1) KR20080089577A (en)
CN (1) CN101341262B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0620077A2 (en)
MX (1) MX2008007968A (en)
SE (1) SE529445C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2007073280A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105785882A (en) * 2016-05-09 2016-07-20 哈尔滨理工大学 Method and system for dynamic regulation and control of nodulizing inoculation processing of nodular cast iron

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160138139A1 (en) * 2013-09-06 2016-05-19 Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Spheroidizing treatment method for molten metal of spheroidal graphite cast iron
ES2901405T3 (en) * 2016-09-12 2022-03-22 Snam Alloys Pvt Ltd A magnesium-free process to produce compact graphite iron (CGF)
BR102016022690B1 (en) * 2016-09-29 2022-02-08 Tupy S.A. VERMICULAR CAST IRON ALLOY FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE BLOCK AND HEAD
CN109371191A (en) * 2018-11-09 2019-02-22 中船海洋动力部件有限公司 A kind of compactedization inoculation method of vermicular cast iron

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB833486A (en) * 1956-05-02 1960-04-27 British Cast Iron Res Ass Manufacture of engineering components and of improved grey cast iron therefor
US3392013A (en) * 1966-03-14 1968-07-09 Owens Illinois Inc Cast iron composition and process for making
US3765876A (en) * 1972-11-01 1973-10-16 W Moore Method of making nodular iron castings
EP0041953B1 (en) * 1979-12-19 1984-06-13 Foseco International Limited Production of vermicular graphite cast iron
DE3010623C2 (en) * 1980-03-20 1982-12-02 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Apparatus for treating molten cast iron
CH656147A5 (en) * 1981-03-31 1986-06-13 Fischer Ag Georg METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CAST IRON WITH VERMICULAR GRAPHITE.
US4806157A (en) * 1983-06-23 1989-02-21 Subramanian Sundaresa V Process for producing compacted graphite iron castings
DE3801917A1 (en) 1988-01-23 1989-08-03 Metallgesellschaft Ag METHOD FOR PRODUCING CAST IRON WITH BALL GRAPHITE
NO306169B1 (en) * 1997-12-08 1999-09-27 Elkem Materials Cast iron grafting agent and method of making grafting agent
SE518344C2 (en) 2000-01-26 2002-09-24 Novacast Ab gating

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2007073280A1 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105785882A (en) * 2016-05-09 2016-07-20 哈尔滨理工大学 Method and system for dynamic regulation and control of nodulizing inoculation processing of nodular cast iron
CN105785882B (en) * 2016-05-09 2019-05-14 哈尔滨理工大学 A kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron nodularization inoculation dynamic regulation method and system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20120090803A1 (en) 2012-04-19
BRPI0620077A2 (en) 2011-11-01
MX2008007968A (en) 2008-09-26
US20090183848A1 (en) 2009-07-23
KR20080089577A (en) 2008-10-07
SE529445C2 (en) 2007-08-14
SE0502817L (en) 2007-06-21
EP1974062B1 (en) 2013-01-23
CN101341262B (en) 2010-12-29
CN101341262A (en) 2009-01-07
WO2007073280A1 (en) 2007-06-28

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