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EP1965606B1 - Electric conductor and method for producing an electric conductor - Google Patents

Electric conductor and method for producing an electric conductor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1965606B1
EP1965606B1 EP08001300.6A EP08001300A EP1965606B1 EP 1965606 B1 EP1965606 B1 EP 1965606B1 EP 08001300 A EP08001300 A EP 08001300A EP 1965606 B1 EP1965606 B1 EP 1965606B1
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Prior art keywords
fiber composite
conductor
carbon
electrical conductor
geometry
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EP08001300.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1965606A1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Schneweis
Ralf Gaertner
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Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik GmbH
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Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik GmbH
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Priority to PL08001300T priority Critical patent/PL1965606T3/en
Priority to SI200831854T priority patent/SI1965606T1/en
Publication of EP1965606A1 publication Critical patent/EP1965606A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical conductor, in particular heating conductor, with a supporting structure and an electrically conductive conductive material, wherein the supporting structure is formed from a fiber composite, and the conductive material consists of a carbon material adhering to the fiber composite. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing an electrical conductor, in particular a heat conductor, with provision of a support structure made of a strand-like fiber composite, arrangement of the support structure according to a desired conductor geometry and fixation of the conductor geometry by means of a deposited on the fiber composite carbon material.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to propose an electrical conductor or a method for producing an electrical conductor, which enables the production of even spatially complex conductor structures or conductor arrangements in a particularly simple manner.
  • the electrical conductor has a support structure and an electrically conductive conductive material, wherein the support structure is formed from a fiber composite, and the conductive material consists of a carbon material adhering to the fiber composite.
  • the inventive construction of the electrical conductor thus enables the production of the conductor based on a fiber composite, which serves as a support structure, and with respect to the desired conductor geometry of the conductor is easily deformable or can be arranged. Since the conductive material consists of a carbon material, it is not necessary for the fiber composite serving as the supporting structure to have electrically conductive properties. Rather, the electrical conductivity properties can be taken over only by the conductive material, which adheres to the fiber composite.
  • the fiber composite of the support structure or the fiber composite forming fibers are electrically conductive, such as carbon fibers.
  • the conductive material not only serves to realize the electrical control function, but also serves to stabilize or fix the fiber composite in the desired, the geometry of the finished conductor defining arrangement.
  • the conductive material consists of pyrolytically deposited carbon on the fiber composite, since the sublimate deposited from the gas phase on the fiber composite ensures uniform coating of the fiber composite.
  • a deposition on the fiber composite is to be produced which has a comparatively thin layer thickness, then it is advantageous to provide a deposition produced on the fiber composite by using a CVI (chemical vapor infiltration) method. Moreover, corresponding conductors which have deposited on the fiber composite by means of a CVI method have a comparatively increased penetration of the fiber composite with the vapor deposited carbon so that such conductors have increased flexural strength.
  • CVI chemical vapor infiltration
  • the electrical conductor according to the invention may also comprise a conductive material made of carbonized carbon material, so that, if required, the electrical conductor according to the invention can also be produced in an alternative manufacturing method. It is particularly advantageous in this context if the conductive material is formed from glassy carbon, which can be produced in a manner known per se particularly simply by carbonization of a resin applied to the fiber composite, in particular phenolic resin.
  • the conductor according to the invention does not necessarily have to have a fiber composite with conductive properties as a supporting structure, it can prove advantageous, for example for setting a desired total electrical resistance of the conductor, the fiber composite of electrically conductive fibers, in particular carbon fibers, manufacture.
  • the carbon coating is provided with a further coating of silicon carbide, for example in a pyrolysis process, e.g. CVD, can be applied.
  • a pyrolysis process e.g. CVD
  • the additional silicon carbide coating on the one hand creates a particularly dense, hard surface, on the other hand, a special oxidation protection is realized.
  • the method according to the invention for producing an electrical conductor comprises the method steps of providing a support structure of a strand-shaped fiber composite, arranging the support structure according to the desired conductor geometry and shape fixing the conductor geometry by means of a carbon material applied to the fiber composite.
  • a preferred possibility of applying the carbon material to the support structure is to deposit carbon pyrolytically on the fiber composite.
  • a further advantageous possibility for applying the carbon material is to apply a carbonaceous, in particular organic, substance to the fiber composite and subsequently to carbonize it.
  • a heating conductor which has a coating of glassy carbon on the outside, in particular if a resin is used as the carbonaceous substance.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated flow diagram for producing a heat conductor 10 ( Fig. 3 ) describes the production of the heating conductor 10 based on a strand-shaped fiber composite 11, the in Fig. 2 is shown and arranged to define a spatial arrangement or conductor geometry 13 on a shaped body 12.
  • the strand-shaped fiber composite 11 in the present case consists of a braided hose made of carbon fibers, the hose wall of which is formed like a strand.
  • Such braided hoses are used as a standard semi-finished in the carbon fiber technology.
  • a fiber composite as a starting base for the production of the heat conductor 10, which consists of non-conductive fibers, for example of aluminum oxide.
  • the circumference of the shaped body 12 correspondingly formed conductor geometry 13 can be arranged in a simple manner, for example by fixing only of ends 14, 15 of the fiber composite 11 on the molded body 12 defined.
  • a deposition of carbon from a gas phase onto the fiber composite 11 during the arrangement of the fiber composite 11 on the shaped body 12 takes place according to a preferred variant of the method ,
  • the deposition is from a methane phase in a vacuum under conditions which allow for so-called chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) in which Course of the carbon from the gas phase sublimated not only on the surface of the fiber composite, but rather penetrates the fiber composite and provides for a connection of fibers 19 with each other in the fiber composite 11, such as in Fig. 4 shown.
  • CVI chemical vapor infiltration
  • a bridge formation 20 between the fibers 19 results in a high degree of stiffening of the fiber composite 11.
  • the final product can already be achieved after the above-described shape fixation by means of the CVI method.
  • a second carbon deposition can be applied.
  • the CVD method can preferably be used, since a penetration of the fiber composite 11 with carbon has already been achieved by means of the CVI method, and so an accelerated layer structure can be achieved in the production of the second carbon sublimate.
  • deviating layers such as, for example, TiC, TiN, Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 or combinations thereof.
  • the application of these layers can be carried out using the respectively suitable methods, such as, for example, PVD, immersion in flowable, fluid or paste-like coating materials, plasma spraying, etc.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Leiter, insbesondere Heizleiter, mit einer Tragstruktur und einem elektrisch leitendem Leitmaterial, wobei die Tragstruktur aus einem Faserverbund gebildet ist, und das Leitmaterial aus einem am Faserverbund haftenden Kohlenstoffmaterial besteht. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Leiters, insbesondere eines Heizleiters, mit Bereitstellung einer Tragstruktur aus einem strangförmigen Faserverbund, Anordnung der Tragstruktur entsprechend einer gewünschten Leitergeometrie und Fixierung der Leitergeometrie vermittels eines auf den Faserverbund aufgebrachten Kohlenstoffmaterials.The present invention relates to an electrical conductor, in particular heating conductor, with a supporting structure and an electrically conductive conductive material, wherein the supporting structure is formed from a fiber composite, and the conductive material consists of a carbon material adhering to the fiber composite. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing an electrical conductor, in particular a heat conductor, with provision of a support structure made of a strand-like fiber composite, arrangement of the support structure according to a desired conductor geometry and fixation of the conductor geometry by means of a deposited on the fiber composite carbon material.

Seit langem ist es bekannt, elektrische Leiter, insbesondere Heizleiter, die beispielsweise in Form einer äußeren Wicklung angeordnet zur Beheizung von Flächen oder Körpern, wie Leitungsrohren, dienen, aus Metall herzustellen. Der Einsatz von metallischen Leitern oder Heizleitern in Hochtemperaturbereichen, also beispielsweise bei Temperaturen > 1000° C, scheitert jedoch häufig an der nicht ausreichenden Temperaturbelastbarkeit von metallischen Leitern. Daher ist man dazu übergegangen, derartige Leiter auch aus einem Kohlenstoffmaterial auf Faserverbundbasis herzustellen, das als Halbzeug flächenförmig oder plattenförmig ausgebildet ist und aus dem dann durch geeignete mechanische Bearbeitungsverfahren, wie beispielsweise Fräsen, die gewünschte Leiteranordnung herausgearbeitet werden kann.For a long time it has been known to produce electrical conductors, in particular heating conductors, which are arranged, for example, in the form of an outer winding for heating surfaces or bodies, such as conduits, of metal. However, the use of metallic conductors or heating conductors in high-temperature regions, that is, for example, at temperatures> 1000 ° C, often fails due to the insufficient thermal stability of metallic conductors. Therefore, one has passed to it, Such conductor also produce from a carbon fiber composite based, which is formed as a semi-finished sheet-like or plate-shaped and from which then by suitable mechanical processing methods, such as milling, the desired conductor arrangement can be worked out.

Das vorgenannte Verfahren erweist sich jedoch insbesondere bei der Herstellung räumlicher Leiterstrukturen als sehr aufwendig.The aforementioned method, however, proves to be very expensive, in particular in the production of spatial conductor structures.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen elektrischen Leiter bzw. ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Leiters vorzuschlagen, der in besonders einfacher Weise die Erzeugung selbst räumlich komplexer Leiterstrukturen bzw. Leiteranordnungen ermöglicht.The present invention is therefore based on the object to propose an electrical conductor or a method for producing an electrical conductor, which enables the production of even spatially complex conductor structures or conductor arrangements in a particularly simple manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen elektrischen Leiter mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Leiters mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 gelöst.This object is achieved by an electrical conductor with the features of claim 1 and a method for producing such a conductor with the features of claim 9.

Erfindungsgemäß weist der elektrische Leiter eine Tragstruktur und ein elektrisch leitendes Leitmaterial auf, wobei die Tragstruktur aus einem Faserverbund gebildet ist, und das Leitmaterial aus einem am Faserverbund haftenden Kohlenstoffmaterial besteht.According to the invention, the electrical conductor has a support structure and an electrically conductive conductive material, wherein the support structure is formed from a fiber composite, and the conductive material consists of a carbon material adhering to the fiber composite.

Der erfindungsgemäße Aufbau des elektrischen Leiters ermöglicht somit die Herstellung des Leiters basierend auf einem Faserverbund, der als Tragstruktur dient, und hinsichtlich der gewünschten Leitergeometrie des Leiters leicht verformbar ist bzw. angeordnet werden kann. Da das Leitmaterial aus einem Kohlenstoffmaterial besteht, ist es nicht notwendig, dass der als Tragstruktur dienende Faserverbund elektrisch leitende Eigenschaften aufweist. Vielmehr können die elektrischen Leiteigenschaften ausschließlich vom Leitmaterial übernommen werden, das am Faserverbund haftet.The inventive construction of the electrical conductor thus enables the production of the conductor based on a fiber composite, which serves as a support structure, and with respect to the desired conductor geometry of the conductor is easily deformable or can be arranged. Since the conductive material consists of a carbon material, it is not necessary for the fiber composite serving as the supporting structure to have electrically conductive properties. Rather, the electrical conductivity properties can be taken over only by the conductive material, which adheres to the fiber composite.

Natürlich sind auch Ausführungen des elektrischen Leiters möglich, bei denen der Faserverbund der Tragstruktur bzw. den Faserverbund bildende Fasern elektrisch leitend sind, wie beispielsweise Kohlenstofffasern.Of course, embodiments of the electrical conductor are possible in which the fiber composite of the support structure or the fiber composite forming fibers are electrically conductive, such as carbon fibers.

Das Leitmaterial dient jedoch nicht nur zur Realisierung der elektrischen Leitfunktion, sondern darüber hinaus auch zur Stabilisierung bzw. Fixierung des Faserverbunds in der gewünschten, die Geometrie des fertigen Leiters festlegenden Anordnung.However, the conductive material not only serves to realize the electrical control function, but also serves to stabilize or fix the fiber composite in the desired, the geometry of the finished conductor defining arrangement.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Leitmaterial aus pyrolytisch auf dem Faserverbund abgeschiedenen Kohlenstoff besteht, da das aus der Gasphase auf dem Faserverbund abgeschiedene Sublimat für eine gleichmäßige Beschichtung des Faserverbunds sorgt.It is particularly advantageous if the conductive material consists of pyrolytically deposited carbon on the fiber composite, since the sublimate deposited from the gas phase on the fiber composite ensures uniform coating of the fiber composite.

Soll eine Abscheidung auf dem Faserverbund erzeugt werden, die eine vergleichsweise dünne Schichtdicke aufweist, so ist es vorteilhaft, auf dem Faserverbund eine durch Anwendung eines CVI-Verfahrens (chemical vapour infiltration) erzeugte Abscheidung vorzusehen. Überdies weisen entsprechende Leiter, die eine vermittels eines CVI-Verfahrens hergestellte Abscheidung auf dem Faserverbund aufweisen, eine vergleichsweise erhöhte Durchdringung des Faserverbunds mit dem aus der Gasphase abgeschiedenen Kohlenstoff auf, so dass derartige Leiter eine erhöhte Biegestärke bzw. Festigkeit aufweisen.If a deposition on the fiber composite is to be produced which has a comparatively thin layer thickness, then it is advantageous to provide a deposition produced on the fiber composite by using a CVI (chemical vapor infiltration) method. Moreover, corresponding conductors which have deposited on the fiber composite by means of a CVI method have a comparatively increased penetration of the fiber composite with the vapor deposited carbon so that such conductors have increased flexural strength.

Der erfindungsgemäße elektrische Leiter kann jedoch auch ein Leitmaterial aus karbonisiertem Kohlenstoffmaterial aufweisen, so dass bei Bedarf der erfindungsgemäße elektrische Leiter auch in einem alternativen Herstellungsverfahren hergestellt werden kann. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn das Leitmaterial aus Glaskohlenstoff gebildet ist, der in an sich bekannter Art und Weise besonders einfach durch Karbonisierung eines auf den Faserverbund aufgebrachten Harzes, insbesondere Phenolharz, erzeugt werden kann.However, the electrical conductor according to the invention may also comprise a conductive material made of carbonized carbon material, so that, if required, the electrical conductor according to the invention can also be produced in an alternative manufacturing method. It is particularly advantageous in this context if the conductive material is formed from glassy carbon, which can be produced in a manner known per se particularly simply by carbonization of a resin applied to the fiber composite, in particular phenolic resin.

Obwohl, wie eingangs schon erwähnt, der erfindungsgemäße Leiter nicht notwendigerweise einen Faserverbund mit leitenden Eigenschaften als Tragstruktur aufweisen muss, kann es sich, beispielsweise zur Einstellung eines gewünschten elektrischen Gesamtwiderstands des Leiters, als vorteilhaft erweisen, den Faserverbund aus elektrisch leitenden Fasern, insbesondere Kohlenstofffasern, herzustellen.Although, as already mentioned, the conductor according to the invention does not necessarily have to have a fiber composite with conductive properties as a supporting structure, it can prove advantageous, for example for setting a desired total electrical resistance of the conductor, the fiber composite of electrically conductive fibers, in particular carbon fibers, manufacture.

Insbesondere bei einem elektrischen Leiter, der auf dem Faserverbund mit einer im Wege der Gasphasenabscheidung versehenen KohlenstoffAbscheidung versehen ist, kann es sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, wenn die Kohlenstoff-Beschichtung mit einer weiteren Beschichtung aus Siliziumkarbid versehen ist, das etwa in einem Pyrolyseverfahren, z.B. CVD, aufgebracht werden kann. Durch die zusätzliche Siliziumkarbid-Beschichtung ist zum einen eine besonders dichte, harte Oberfläche geschaffen, zum anderen ist ein besonderer Oxidationsschutz realisiert.In particular, in the case of an electrical conductor which is provided on the fiber composite with a vapor deposition by means of carbon deposition, it may prove advantageous if the carbon coating is provided with a further coating of silicon carbide, for example in a pyrolysis process, e.g. CVD, can be applied. The additional silicon carbide coating on the one hand creates a particularly dense, hard surface, on the other hand, a special oxidation protection is realized.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Leiters, insbesondere eines Heizleiters, umfasst die Verfahrensschritte der Bereitstellung einer Tragstruktur aus einem strangförmigen Faserverbund, Anordnung der Tragstruktur entsprechend der gewünschten Leitergeometrie und Gestaltfixierung der Leitergeometrie vermittels eines auf den Faserverbund aufgebrachten Kohlenstoffmaterials.The method according to the invention for producing an electrical conductor, in particular a heating conductor, comprises the method steps of providing a support structure of a strand-shaped fiber composite, arranging the support structure according to the desired conductor geometry and shape fixing the conductor geometry by means of a carbon material applied to the fiber composite.

Eine bevorzugte Möglichkeit der Aufbringung des Kohlenstoffmaterials auf die Tragstruktur besteht darin, Kohlenstoff pyrolytisch auf dem Faserverbund abzuscheiden.A preferred possibility of applying the carbon material to the support structure is to deposit carbon pyrolytically on the fiber composite.

Wenn eine Abscheidung des Kohlenstoffs auf dem Faserverbund vermittels eines CVD-Verfahrens (chemical vapour deposition) erfolgt, kann ein vergleichsweise schneller Schichtaufbau einer Außenbeschichtung des Faserverbunds zur Erzielung einer gewünschten Schichtdicke realisiert werden.If a deposition of the carbon on the fiber composite takes place by means of a CVD process (chemical vapor deposition), a comparatively faster layer structure of an outer coating of the fiber composite to achieve a desired layer thickness can be realized.

Wenn eine Abscheidung des Kohlenstoffs vermittels eines CVI-Verfahrens (chemical vapour infiltration) auf dem Faserverbund erfolgt, ist es möglich, einen besonders hohen Grad der Durchdringung des Faserverbunds mit Kohlenstoff zu erzielen, so dass eine mechanisch belastbare Verbindung der einzelnen Fasern über den Kohlenstoff erfolgt und somit eine insgesamt besonders effektive Versteifung des Faserverbunds die Folge ist.If a deposition of the carbon occurs by means of a CVI (chemical vapor infiltration) method on the fiber composite, it is possible to achieve a particularly high degree of penetration of the fiber composite with carbon, so that a mechanically resilient connection of the individual fibers via the carbon takes place and thus an overall particularly effective stiffening of the fiber composite is the result.

Auch ist es möglich, die Abscheidung des Kohlenstoffs durch eine Kombination einer Beschichtung, insbesondere vermittels CVD, mit einer Infiltration (CVI) durchzuführen.It is also possible to carry out the deposition of the carbon by a combination of a coating, in particular by means of CVD, with an infiltration (CVI).

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Möglichkeit zur Aufbringung des Kohlenstoffmaterials besteht darin, eine kohlenstoffhaltige, insbesondere organische Substanz, auf den Faserverbund aufzubringen und diese nachfolgend zu karbonisieren. Hierdurch ist es beispielsweise möglich, einen Heizleiter herzustellen, der außenseitig eine Beschichtung aus Glaskohlenstoff aufweist, insbesondere wenn als kohlenstoffhaltige Substanz ein Harz verwendet wird.A further advantageous possibility for applying the carbon material is to apply a carbonaceous, in particular organic, substance to the fiber composite and subsequently to carbonize it. As a result, it is possible, for example, to produce a heating conductor which has a coating of glassy carbon on the outside, in particular if a resin is used as the carbonaceous substance.

Nachfolgend sollen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung verschiedene Varianten zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sowie verschiedene Ausführungsformen von Heizleitern erläutert werden.Hereinafter, with reference to the drawing, various variants for carrying out the method and various embodiments of heating conductors will be explained.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Ablaufdiagramm zur Herstellung eines Heizleiters;
Fig. 2
einen strangförmigen Faserverbund zur Herstellung einer Tragstruktur für einen Heizleiter;
Fig. 3
einen Heizleiter gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform in Gesamtdarstellung;
Fig. 4
eine Querschnittsdarstellung des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Heizleiters;
Fig. 5
eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines alternativen Heizleiters.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a flow diagram for the production of a heat conductor;
Fig. 2
a strand-shaped fiber composite for producing a support structure for a heating conductor;
Fig. 3
a heating conductor according to a first embodiment in an overall view;
Fig. 4
a cross-sectional view of the in Fig. 3 illustrated heating conductor;
Fig. 5
a cross-sectional view of an alternative heat conductor.

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ablaufdiagramm zur Herstellung eines Heizleiters 10 ( Fig. 3 ) beschreibt die Herstellung des Heizleiters 10 basierend auf einem strangförmig ausgebildeten Faserverbund 11, der in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist und zur Definition einer räumlichen Anordnung oder Leitergeometrie 13 auf einem Formkörper 12 angeordnet ist. Der Formkörper 12, der hier als zylinderförmiger Grafitkörper ausgebildet ist, dient im vorliegenden Fall zur Definition der spiralförmigen Leitergeometrie 13.This in Fig. 1 illustrated flow diagram for producing a heat conductor 10 ( Fig. 3 ) describes the production of the heating conductor 10 based on a strand-shaped fiber composite 11, the in Fig. 2 is shown and arranged to define a spatial arrangement or conductor geometry 13 on a shaped body 12. The shaped body 12, which is designed here as a cylindrical graphite body, serves in the present case to define the spiral conductor geometry 13.

Der strangförmige Faserverbund 11 besteht im vorliegenden Fall aus einem aus Kohlenfasern hergestellten Flechtschlauch, dessen Schlauchwandung litzenartig ausgebildet ist. Derartige Flechtschläuche werden standardmäßig als Halbzeug in der Kohlefasertechnik eingesetzt. Abweichend von dem vorstehenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist es jedoch genauso möglich, einen Faserverbund als Ausgangsbasis zur Herstellung des Heizleiters 10 zu verwenden, der aus nicht leitenden Fasern, beispielsweise aus Aluminiumoxid, besteht.The strand-shaped fiber composite 11 in the present case consists of a braided hose made of carbon fibers, the hose wall of which is formed like a strand. Such braided hoses are used as a standard semi-finished in the carbon fiber technology. Deviating from the above embodiment, however, it is equally possible to use a fiber composite as a starting base for the production of the heat conductor 10, which consists of non-conductive fibers, for example of aluminum oxide.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte, dem Umfang des Formkörpers 12 entsprechend ausgebildete Leitergeometrie 13 kann auf einfache Art und Weise, beispielsweise durch Fixierung lediglich von Enden 14, 15 des Faserverbunds 11 auf dem Formkörper 12 definiert angeordnet werden. Zur Gestaltfixierung der Faserverbundanordnung, also der Leitergeometrie 13, entsprechend der durch die Anordnung auf dem Formkörper 12 vorgegebenen Anordnung erfolgt nun gemäß einer bevorzugten Variante des Verfahrens eine Abscheidung von Kohlenstoff aus einer Gasphase auf den Faserverbund 11 während der Anordnung des Faserverbunds 11 auf dem Formkörper 12.In the Fig. 2 illustrated, the circumference of the shaped body 12 correspondingly formed conductor geometry 13 can be arranged in a simple manner, for example by fixing only of ends 14, 15 of the fiber composite 11 on the molded body 12 defined. In order to fix the shape of the fiber composite arrangement, that is to say the conductor geometry 13, according to the arrangement provided on the shaped body 12, a deposition of carbon from a gas phase onto the fiber composite 11 during the arrangement of the fiber composite 11 on the shaped body 12 takes place according to a preferred variant of the method ,

Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Abscheidung aus einer Methanphase in einem Vakuum unter Bedingungen, die eine so genannte "chemische Gasphaseninfiltration (chemical vapour infiltration, CVI) ermöglichen, in deren Verlauf der Kohlenstoff aus der Gasphase nicht nur auf der Oberfläche des Faserverbunds sublimiert, sondern vielmehr den Faserverbund durchdringt und für eine Verbindung von Fasern 19 untereinander im Faserverbund 11 sorgt, wie beispielsweise in Fig. 4 dargestellt. Infolge der Infiltration des Kohlenstoffs in den Faserverbund ist daher eine Kohlenstoffabscheidungt 16 nicht nur auf einen Außenumfang 17 des Faserverbunds 11 sondern auch auf Umfangsflächen 18 der einzelnen Fasern 19 ausgebildet. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine den Faserverbund 11 hochgradig versteifende Brückenbildung 20 zwischen den Fasern 19.Preferably, the deposition is from a methane phase in a vacuum under conditions which allow for so-called chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) in which Course of the carbon from the gas phase sublimated not only on the surface of the fiber composite, but rather penetrates the fiber composite and provides for a connection of fibers 19 with each other in the fiber composite 11, such as in Fig. 4 shown. Due to the infiltration of the carbon into the fiber composite, therefore, a carbon deposit 16 is formed not only on an outer periphery 17 of the fiber composite 11 but also on peripheral surfaces 18 of the individual fibers 19. As a result, a bridge formation 20 between the fibers 19 results in a high degree of stiffening of the fiber composite 11.

Für die vermittels des vorgenannten CVI-Verfahrens hergestellte Kohlenstoffabscheidung 16 wurden bei Versuchen unterschiedliche Schichtdicken, unter anderem eine Schichtdicke < 20 µm, erzielt.For the carbon deposition 16 produced by means of the abovementioned CVI process, different layer thicknesses, inter alia a layer thickness <20 μm, were achieved in experiments.

Je nach gewünschtem Einsatzzweck des Heizleiters 10 kann nach der vorstehend erläuterten Gestaltfixierung vermittels des CVI-Verfahrens bereits das Endprodukt erreicht sein.Depending on the desired application of the heating element 10, the final product can already be achieved after the above-described shape fixation by means of the CVI method.

Insbesondere in dem Fall, dass beispielsweise zur weiteren Steigerung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des Leiters, eine größere Schichtstärke der Pyrolyseschicht erreicht werden soll, kann gegebenenfalls nachfolgend einer Gasphasenreinigung auf der ersten Kohlenstoffabscheidung 16 eine zweite Kohlenstoffabscheidung aufgebracht werden. Dabei kann bevorzugt das CVD-Verfahren eingesetzt werden, da bereits eine Durchdringung des Faserverbunds 11 mit Kohlenstoff vermittels des CVI-Verfahrens erreicht worden ist, und so ein beschleunigter Schichtaufbau bei der Erzeugung des zweiten Kohlenstoffsublimats erzielbar ist.In particular, in the event that, for example, to further increase the electrical conductivity of the conductor, a greater layer thickness of the pyrolysis is to be achieved, optionally following a gas phase cleaning on the first carbon deposit 16, a second carbon deposition can be applied. In this case, the CVD method can preferably be used, since a penetration of the fiber composite 11 with carbon has already been achieved by means of the CVI method, and so an accelerated layer structure can be achieved in the production of the second carbon sublimate.

Unabhängig davon, ob lediglich ein Kohlenstoffsublimat im Wege des CVD-Verfahrens oder des CVI-Verfahrens auf dem Faserverbund 11 erzeugt wurde, kann es sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, in einem nachfolgenden Pyrolyseverfahren eine schützende Siliziumkarbidschicht auf das Kohlenstoffsublimat aufzutragen.Regardless of whether only a carbon sublimate was produced by way of the CVD method or the CVI method on the fiber composite 11, it may prove advantageous to apply a protective silicon carbide layer to the carbon sublimate in a subsequent pyrolysis process.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist es auch möglich, abweichende Schichten, wie beispielsweise aufweisend TiC, TiN, Al2O3, ZrO2 oder Kombinationen davon, vorzusehen. Das Aufbringen dieser Schichten kann mit den jeweils geeigneten Verfahren, wie beispielsweise PVD, Tauchen in fließfähige, fluide bzw. pastose Beschichtungsmaterialien, Plasmaspritzen usw. erfolgen.Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to provide deviating layers, such as, for example, TiC, TiN, Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 or combinations thereof. The application of these layers can be carried out using the respectively suitable methods, such as, for example, PVD, immersion in flowable, fluid or paste-like coating materials, plasma spraying, etc.

Insbesondere dann, wenn an die Steifigkeit des Heizleiters weniger hohe Anforderungen gestellt werden, ist es auch möglich, zur Herstellung eines in Fig. 5 dargestellten Heizleiters 21 durch Gestaltfixierung des Faserverbunds 11 ein Kohlenstoffsublimat 21 auf dem Faserverbund 11 im Wege des CVD- (chemical vapour deposition) Verfahrens zu erzeugen, das wie insbesondere ein Vergleich der Fig. 4 und 5 zeigt, im Wesentlichen auf dem Außenumfang 17 des Faserverbunds 11 angeordnet ist und nicht die Brückenbildung 20 aufweist, wie der in Fig. 4 dargestellte Querschnitt des Heizleiters 10.In particular, if less stringent requirements are placed on the stiffness of the heat conductor, it is also possible to produce a in Fig. 5 Heat conductor 21 shown by Gestaltfixierung of the fiber composite 11 to produce a carbon sublimate 21 on the fiber composite 11 by way of CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, which in particular a comparison of 4 and 5 shows, is arranged substantially on the outer periphery 17 of the fiber composite 11 and does not have the bridge formation 20, as in Fig. 4 illustrated cross section of the heating element 10th

Für das vermittels des vorgenannten CVD-Verfahrens hergestellte Kohlenstoffsublimat 21 ergab sich bei Versuchen eine Schichtstärke zwischen 5 und 100 µm.For the carbon sublimate 21 produced by means of the abovementioned CVD process, a layer thickness between 5 and 100 μm was found in experiments.

Unabhängig welches der vorstehend genannten Verfahren zur Gasphasenabscheidung von Kohlenstoff auf dem Faserverbund gewählt wird, oder ob die Ausbildung eines Gestalt fixierenden kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen elektrisch leitfähigen Leitermaterials auf dem Faserverbund durch Karbonisierung bevorzugt wird, führen sämtliche Varianten des Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines biegesteifen Heizleiters basierend auf einem biegeschlaffen und in beliebigen räumlichen Geometrien anordenbaren Faserverbunds zu einem biegesteifen Heizleiter mit geringem Querschnittsdurchmesser. Dieser Heizleiter eröffnet bisher nicht bekannte Möglichkeiten der Formgestaltung bei gleichzeitiger Miniaturisierung. Darüber hinaus sind derart hergestellte Heizleiter in einem Temperaturbereich bis in den Bereich von 3000° C einsetzbar. Weiterhin ist auch nicht nur an einen Einsatz als Heizleiter, sondern auch als Einsatz im Bereich der Sensortechnik, beispielsweise als Messleiter, bei hohen Umgebungstemperaturen zu denken.Regardless of which of the aforementioned methods for the vapor deposition of carbon on the fiber composite is chosen, or whether the formation of a shape-fixing hydrocarbon-containing electrically conductive conductor material is preferred on the fiber composite by carbonization, all variants of the method for producing a rigid heat conductor based on a limp and lead In any spatial geometries can be arranged fiber composite to a rigid heating conductor with a small cross-sectional diameter. This heating conductor opens previously unknown ways of shaping design with simultaneous miniaturization. In addition, heating conductors produced in this way can be used in a temperature range up to the range of 3000 ° C. Furthermore, not only for use as a heating element, but also as an insert in Area of sensor technology, for example, as a measuring conductor to think at high ambient temperatures.

Claims (7)

  1. An electrical conductor (10, 21), in particular a heating conductor, having a supporting structure and an electrically conducting conductor material, the supporting structure being formed from a fiber composite (11) made of carbon fibers (19) and the conductor material consisting of a carbon material (16, 22) that adheres to the fiber composite,
    characterized in that
    the fiber composite (11) is thread-shaped and formed like a strand, the conductor material consisting of carbon (16, 22) pyrolytically deposited on the fiber composite (11), a shape of a conductor geometry (13) being secured by the carbon material (16, 22) that adheres to the fiber composite.
  2. The electrical conductor according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the carbon is formed as a deposit (16) produced on the fiber composite (11) by means of a CVI method.
  3. The electrical conductor according to claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the carbon is formed as a deposit (22) produced on the fiber composite (11) by means of a CVD method.
  4. The electrical conductor according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the conductor material is provided with a coating of silicon carbide.
  5. A method for producing an electrical conductor (10, 21), in particular a heating conductor, comprising the method steps of:
    - providing a supporting structure made of a thread-shaped, strand-like fiber composite (11) made of carbon fibers (19),
    - arranging the supporting structure according to a desired conductor geometry (13) and
    - securing the shape of the conductor geometry by means of a carbon material (16, 22) applied to the fiber composite, carbon (16) being pyrolytically deposited on the fiber composite (11) so as to apply the carbon material.
  6. The method according to claim 5,
    characterized in that
    the carbon (16) is deposited on the fiber composite (11) by means of a CVI method.
  7. The method according to claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the carbon (22) is deposited on the fiber composite (11) by means of a CVD method.
EP08001300.6A 2007-02-06 2008-01-24 Electric conductor and method for producing an electric conductor Active EP1965606B1 (en)

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PL08001300T PL1965606T3 (en) 2007-02-06 2008-01-24 Electric conductor and method for producing an electric conductor
SI200831854T SI1965606T1 (en) 2007-02-06 2008-01-24 Electric conductor and method for producing an electric conductor

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DE102007006624A DE102007006624A1 (en) 2007-02-06 2007-02-06 Electrical conductor for heating has carrier structure of bonded fiber and carbon material adhering to it as conductor

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DE102012025299A1 (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-03 Helmut Haimerl Radiant heater with heating tube element
RU182336U1 (en) * 2017-12-01 2018-08-16 Иван Геннадьевич Бевзенко CARBON SUPPLY CABLE

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PT1965606T (en) 2017-09-01
HUE035995T2 (en) 2018-06-28
RU2008103610A (en) 2009-08-10
DE102007006624A1 (en) 2008-08-07
RU2441292C2 (en) 2012-01-27
EP1965606A1 (en) 2008-09-03
SI1965606T1 (en) 2017-10-30
US20110168431A1 (en) 2011-07-14
ES2638788T3 (en) 2017-10-24
DK1965606T3 (en) 2017-09-11

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