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EP1897067B1 - Procede et dispositif de detection d'une monnaie par utilisation de son image estampee - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de detection d'une monnaie par utilisation de son image estampee Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1897067B1
EP1897067B1 EP06754675A EP06754675A EP1897067B1 EP 1897067 B1 EP1897067 B1 EP 1897067B1 EP 06754675 A EP06754675 A EP 06754675A EP 06754675 A EP06754675 A EP 06754675A EP 1897067 B1 EP1897067 B1 EP 1897067B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
coin
reference patterns
transformed image
comparison
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP06754675A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1897067A1 (fr
Inventor
Robert COURONNÉ
Andreas Kuleschow
Klaus Spinnler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Walter Hanke Mechanische Werkstaetten GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Walter Hanke Mechanische Werkstaetten GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1897067A1 publication Critical patent/EP1897067A1/fr
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Publication of EP1897067B1 publication Critical patent/EP1897067B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
    • G07D5/005—Testing the surface pattern, e.g. relief

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting a coin entered into a coin validator using its embossed image according to the preamble of the main claim and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • an image receiver receives an image of the embossed image of the coin moved to the image receiver and to a light source.
  • An evaluation device compares the image with a first reference pattern as to whether the first reference pattern is contained in the recorded image, and if it is contained, it is checked whether a second reference pattern is contained in an area whose position is determined relative to the position of the first reference pattern.
  • the evaluation device generates a real or false signal for the coin depending on the coincidence of the image with the reference patterns.
  • the center point is determined for the recorded image, and furthermore the image is transformed into circle coordinates, whereby the transformed image is the basis for the search of the reference patterns.
  • the EP 0 798 670 B1 a method for detecting the embossed image of a coin is described in which again the image of the coin is taken, the center determined and a polar transformation is performed. At a predetermined distance from the abscissa in the polar transformed image, the transformed embossing image is scanned and compared with a reference pattern at an appropriate pitch, the patterns being translated relative to each other to angularly align the measured coin with the reference coin.
  • One of the main problems with the embossing image analysis is this large amount of data that must be processed in the time that the coin falls through the machine to ensure reliable detection.
  • the overall image of the coin In order to be able to measure the diameter with an accuracy of, for example, 0.1 mm, the overall image of the coin must have a resolution of at least 100 pixels per mm. An average coin of about 20 mm in diameter is then imaged with 200 x 200 pixels. Even if only a relatively large fragment of the coin surface is selected for comparison, the computation volumes are so large that they can hardly be carried out promptly during the insertion of the coin into a slot machine.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for detecting a coin entered into a coin validator using its embossed image, which allows the detection of the coin quickly and reliably.
  • the object is achieved by the characterizing features of the main claim in connection with the features of the preamble.
  • the speed of comparing the coins with reference patterns can be increased and the possibility is allowed to not only fragments, but practically the entire surface of the coin to be used as a reference pattern, which in turn increases the robustness of the process against accidental damage and contamination of the coin, the spreading of the features robustness of the comparison between the current image and a reference image, especially during shifts or twists of the coin increases.
  • the polar coordinate transformation thereby converts the rotation of the current coin image or of the reference pattern into a linear, e.g. horizontal translation, which is much faster to calculate.
  • the spreading is in direct connection with the reduction, wherein the features are spread before the reduction or simultaneously with the reduction.
  • the size of the maximum filter is determined by the reduction factor.
  • the spread preserves the physical features of the image as it is reduced, thereby reducing the mathematical features to speed detection.
  • the first simplified criterion it is particularly advantageous, as a characteristic for the first simplified criterion, to calculate the distribution of the average brightness in the lines of the transformed image and then to use a one-dimensional correlation between the brightness distribution of the transformed image and the reference images or patterns. In this way, a good selection of the candidate reference pattern is already achieved in the first comparison. Based on the first simplified criterion, a list of the reference patterns is created according to their similarity to the current image.
  • a two-dimensional correlation of the brightness distribution in the transformed image can be used.
  • An exact comparison is carried out, whereby the results of the preliminary analysis are no longer taken into account and only the result of the exact comparison counts.
  • the method according to the invention is used to identify a coin with evaluation of its embossed image.
  • the coin is thrown into the coin validator and the image of the coin is recorded by means of an image sensor and sent as pixel data to the evaluation unit.
  • this evaluation unit determines the exact diameter and the exact center as well as possibly the shape.
  • a polar transformation is done accordingly Fig. 1 performed at For example, assuming the radius of the coin as the outer radius of the transformation and the inner radius of the transformation is 0.
  • the angle ⁇ is counted clockwise starting from the positive x-axis. How out Fig. 1 below, creates a "distorted" pattern that can be evaluated linearly.
  • FIG. 12 is an illustration of a coin obtained in an image pickup module with illumination oblique to the coin surface, showing thin light lines on a dark background on the coin surface. These thin lines represent characteristic features of the coin that make up a pattern, or portions thereof.
  • the reduction of the features could be performed, for example, by reducing the size of the image by subsampling pixels. For a reduction factor N, each line of the original image is processed only every Nth pixel, all others are omitted. The same applies to undersampling of picture lines. In such a sub-scan, a part of the features contained in the original image is lost. With a slight rotation or displacement of the original image, different features always remain, and the corresponding transformed images are dissimilar.
  • Fig. 2a2 and a3 is a polar transformation accordingly Fig. 1 shown in which a so-called subsampling made directly during the transformation ie, the image was transformed with a reduction or reduction factor N, eg 6.
  • N reduction or reduction factor
  • the transformed images accordingly Fig. 2a2 and a3 are in proportion to Fig. 2a1 shown magnified, wherein the coin at a3 gegenübe4r a2 was rotated rotated by 3 ° and the two images based on the same transformation. It has been shown that in this treatment accordingly Fig. 2a2, a3 it is likely that by omitting pixels, features will also be omitted, thereby reducing visibility.
  • Fig. 2a1 is shown having bright lines on a dark background
  • a spread of the features ie the bright lines by filtering with a maximum filter is feasible.
  • Fig. 3b1 in which it can be seen that the "bright" features are physically enlarged and distributed over several pixels.
  • the spreading can be carried out for example by filtering with a minimum filter.
  • NxM pixels the size of both the maximum and minimum filters is defined as NxM pixels, where N and M correspond to the reduction factors along the columns and rows. Subsequently or simultaneously with the filtering and reduction, which are based on a processing of the pixels, the polar transformation can accordingly Fig. 3 Figure 2.
  • Fig. 3b3 is a representation accordingly Fig. 2a3 , in which the embossed image by 3 ° to the representations of the FIGS. 2a2 and 3b2 is twisted.
  • the features occur accordingly Fig. 3 and the similarity between the figures b2 and b3 is much higher than that between the figures even after the correlation measure calculated later Fig. 2a2 and a3 , In this way, first the spreading and then the reduction or transformation is carried out with a reduction.
  • this is achieved with a modified polar transformation, at the same time the image is reduced.
  • a multi-level comparison of the transformed image corresponding Fig. 3b2 and b3 performed with a number of reference patterns.
  • a first simplified criterion is used as the basis for the transformed reduced image with spread characteristics in the first stage, although it can not reliably identify the coin, but requires only a short processing time.
  • the comparison of the transformed map with all the reference patterns on the basis of the first simplified criterion results in each case a similarity measure with which a sorted, temporary list of the reference patterns is created. Patterns that provide better results, ie greater similarities, are positioned at the top of the list.
  • the matching reference pattern can be found with a high probability among the first, present in the list candidate, whereby the processing time is significantly shortened.
  • the distribution of average brightness in lines of the transformed image and, as a simplified criterion, a one-dimensional correlation between these characteristics for the transformed image and the reference patterns may be used become.
  • a second comparison is made between the transformed map and the reference samples on the list according to a second, more accurate criterion requiring a greater processing time.
  • a match with good accuracy is found with one of the reference patterns and a signal for the admissibility of the coin is given or the process of comparison is aborted.
  • exactly criterion e.g. serve the two-dimensional brightness distribution in the transformed image, and the comparison can be carried out for example by means of the two-dimensional correlation.
  • the check Since there is only a predetermined amount of time to check the coin in the coin validator, the check must be canceled and the coin returned when the time is up.
  • the actual comparison process can be aborted after a predetermined number of reference patterns corresponding to the given list.
  • the maximum number of reference patterns to be processed can be determined depending on the capacity of the computer.
  • Another possibility is to perform the comparison calculations of the reference patterns according to their sorted order until the coin comes in its course through the coin validator to a predetermined location, for example, to the point at which it is sorted. If there is still no valid classification result at this time, the coin falls into the return shaft.
  • Another situation occurs when the similarity of the embossing or the transformed image to one of the reference patterns of the coin class X is indeed established, but a final recognition can not be performed because there are also other coin classes, their similarity with the coin class X before is known. For example, This concerns counterfeiting of coins which, in the case of 'good forgery', can very much resemble genuine coins. It can not be ruled out that with the same diameter and similar imprints sometimes the real coins can also have different denominations. In this case, an additional safety check as a third stage is necessary for a final decision.
  • reference patterns of coin embossments which may be particularly frequent at the location of the coin validator concerned, may be subjected to the detailed examination according to the second criterion independently of the test according to the simplified first criterion.
  • Fig. 4 a process flow of the method according to the invention is shown.
  • the evaluation device of the coin validator receives from the image acquisition module a current high-resolution image of the coin with a precisely determined diameter, shape and center point.
  • the determined diameter and the determined shape are compared in step S1 with the list of permissible diameters and the shape of the coin. If an invalid value or an invalid shape is present, the coin is rejected immediately.
  • the image of a modified polar transformation with simultaneous spreading of the features and reduction of the image is subjected to the image in step S2, whereby the transformed image corresponding to Fig. 3b2 or b3 results.
  • the reference patterns stored in the system those for the embossing image recognition belonging to a coin of the same diameter are selected.
  • a characteristic for the simplified criterion is calculated in step S3, for example a distribution of the average brightness for the individual lines of the transformed image.
  • This characteristic is compared in step S4 with the corresponding characteristics of the reference patterns stored for the current diameter in a database PKRM, wherein all the patterns are sorted in the order of decreasing similarity.
  • a temporary sorted list of the reference patterns is formed (see S5).
  • the current transformed image of the coin is compared in step S6 with the first reference pattern from the temporary list according to the second, accurate criterion according to a two-dimensional brightness distribution, e.g. with the help of a two-dimensional correlation.
  • the corresponding reference patterns are supplied from the database GKRM. If it is determined in step S7 that the result of the comparison with the respective reference pattern A of the class X exceeds a predetermined degree of similarity x, the comparison is aborted and the coin is provisionally sorted into a class X. If the class X has no known similarity to another class, this preliminary classification is confirmed and the procedure is terminated, i.e., the coin is recognized as permissible.
  • step S7 If it is determined at step S7 that the similarity to the treated reference pattern is not large enough, it is determined in step S8 whether there is another reference pattern in the temporary list TLRM. If so, the process returns to step S6 and a retest begins.
  • step S9 the security check is carried out in step S9, for example searching for either fragments that occur in one of the classes and not in another or The current transformed image is compared with a differential characteristic.
  • the reference patterns or the reference values for the security check are stored in a database MSP.
  • the comparison of the current embossed image or the transformed image with the reference patterns is aborted after the predetermined time if there is no valid result.
  • the evaluation unit i.e. the calculation, comparison and storage means, may be in the form of a microprocessor, microcomputer or the like with corresponding memories as stated above.
  • a result of a particular operation could be the distribution of the light and dark pixels in one of the lines of the transformed image. For example, in the illustration of a number page of a German coin with a denomination of 1 or 2 euros, there are more dark pixels than bright ones, and in a head page of the same coin there are more bright pixels than dark ones. If the quotient number light / number dark is used as a criterion, the head side of a German coin can be distinguished from its pay side.
  • the coordinate of the maximum of the distribution can be used. If, in the current image, the maximum lies at the edge of the coin, only the reference images that have the maximum of the distribution at the edge, etc., are selected for the exact comparison.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Coins (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé pour reconnaitre une pièce de monnaie qui est insérée dans une unité de récepteur de pièces de monnaie en utilisant son image de relief qui présente des caractéristiques spécifiques, ladite image de relief étant enregistrée par un dispositif de caméra,
    caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    la répartition des caractéristiques qui prescrivent un agencement de motif, dans l'image de la pièce de monnaie, la réduction des caractéristiques en réduisant l'image et la transformation de celles-ci selon une transformation polaire,
    la comparaison de l'image transformée avec une pluralité de motifs de référence prescrits, conformément à un premier critère simplifié, avec une durée de traitement rapide et
    la production d'une liste de motifs de référence, stockés conformément à leur similarité avec l'image transformée,
    la comparaison de l'image transformée avec les motifs de référence contenus dans la liste correspondant au tri qui a été fait conformément à un second critère exact et l'émission d'un signal de reconnaissance si un des motifs de référence correspond à l'image transformée,
    l'arrêt du processus de comparaison et le rejet de la pièce de monnaie conformément à une condition prescrite.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la répartition des caractéristiques et la réduction de l'image sont implémentées en même temps.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la répartition des caractéristiques et la réduction de l'image sont implémentées avec un filtre de maximum ou de minimum, les N x N pixels de celui-ci correspondant au facteur de réduction.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'image réduite et répartie est soumise à une transformation polaire.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la répartition des caractéristiques et la réduction de l'image sont implémentées avec une transformation polaire modifiée, un point d'origine correspondant dans l'image avec un espacement N*r par rapport au centre de la pièce de monnaie et un angle M*θ par rapport à une orientation déterminée pour l'image correspondant à un quelconque point dans l'image transformée avec les coordonnées cartésiennes θ, r, et la brillance du point dans l'image transformée étant calculée en tant que maximum de la brillance de l'image de la zone des K*K pixels autour de l'origine et K étant le plus grand des facteurs de réduction (N, M).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, pour le premier critère simplifié, une circulation dans le sens de la ligne de la distribution de brillance dans l'image transformée est soumise.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la comparaison entre l'image transformée et le motif de référence est implémentée avec une corrélation unidimensionnelle entre la distribution de brillance pour l'image transformée de la pièce de monnaie et le motif de référence.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que, pour le second critère exact, une distribution de brillance bidirectionnelle est utilisée dans l'image transformée.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la comparaison entre l'image transformée et le motif de référence est implémentée à l'aide d'une corrélation bidirectionnelle.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que, en tant que condition prescrite pour arrêter le processus de comparaison selon le critère exact, un nombre prédéterminé de motifs de référence à traiter est choisi.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que, en tant que condition prescrite pour arrêter le processus de comparaison, une durée prédéterminée est choisie, en particulier celle dont la pièce de monnaie a besoin jusqu'à sa sortie de l'unité de récepteur de pièces de monnaie.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que, dans le cas où, après la comparaison correspondant au second critère exact, il est établi qu'une similarité de l'image transformée avec au moins deux sortes de pièces de monnaie est présente, un test de précision est soumis, dans lequel des caractéristiques sont déterminées pour l'image transformée, ces caractéristiques étant différentes de celles pour les au moins deux sortes de pièces de monnaie.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'un fragment prédéterminé de l'image transformée est comparé avec les au moins deux motifs de référence et le motif de référence similaire est déterminé.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un motif de différence entre des motifs de référence est produit et, au moyen de cette comparaison avec l'image transformée, le motif de référence le plus similaire est déterminé.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que des motifs de référence sont ajoutés au début de la liste de motifs de référence qui est stockée conformément au résultat de la comparaison correspondant au premier critère simplifié de similarité, indépendamment de ce résultat, et sont soumis à un test conformément au second critère exact de similarité.
  16. Dispositif pour implémenter le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15 avec une caméra pour enregistrer le motif de relief de la pièce de monnaie qui présente des caractéristiques spécifiques et un dispositif d'évaluation, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'évaluation comprend :
    un moyen de calcul pour répartir les caractéristiques dans l'image, réduire les caractéristiques en réduisant l'image et transformer celles-ci selon une transformation polaire,
    un premier moyen de comparaison pour comparer l'image transformée avec une pluralité de motifs de référence prescrits, conformément à un premier critère simplifié, avec une durée de traitement rapide,
    un moyen de production d'une liste de motifs de référence, stockés conformément à leur similarité avec l'image transformée,
    un second moyen de comparaison pour comparer l'image transformée avec les motifs de référence contenus dans la liste correspondant au tri qui a été fait conformément à un second critère exact,
    et l'émission d'un signal de reconnaissance si un des motifs de référence correspond à l'image transformée, et
    un premier moyen de mémoire pour stocker les caractéristiques des motifs de référence pour la comparaison conformément au premier critère,
    un second moyen de mémoire pour le stockage intermédiaire de la liste produite par le moyen de production d'une liste, et
    un troisième moyen de mémoire pour stocker les caractéristiques des motifs de référence pour la comparaison conformément au second critère.
EP06754675A 2005-06-16 2006-06-14 Procede et dispositif de detection d'une monnaie par utilisation de son image estampee Not-in-force EP1897067B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005028669A DE102005028669A1 (de) 2005-06-16 2005-06-16 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung einer in einen Münzprüfer eingegebenen Münze unter Verwendung ihres Prägebildes
PCT/EP2006/006529 WO2006133974A1 (fr) 2005-06-16 2006-06-14 Procede et dispositif de detection d'une monnaie par utilisation de son image estampee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1897067A1 EP1897067A1 (fr) 2008-03-12
EP1897067B1 true EP1897067B1 (fr) 2010-09-01

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EP06754675A Not-in-force EP1897067B1 (fr) 2005-06-16 2006-06-14 Procede et dispositif de detection d'une monnaie par utilisation de son image estampee

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US (1) US8150139B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1897067B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE479971T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102005028669A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2351164T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006133974A1 (fr)

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DE102005028669A1 (de) * 2005-06-16 2006-12-28 Walter Hanke Mechanische Werkstätten GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung einer in einen Münzprüfer eingegebenen Münze unter Verwendung ihres Prägebildes
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DE502006007784D1 (de) 2010-10-14
US20080205741A1 (en) 2008-08-28
WO2006133974A1 (fr) 2006-12-21
DE102005028669A1 (de) 2006-12-28
EP1897067A1 (fr) 2008-03-12
US8150139B2 (en) 2012-04-03
ES2351164T3 (es) 2011-02-01
ATE479971T1 (de) 2010-09-15

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