EP1875568A2 - Dispositif de generation d'impulsions laser amplifiees par fibres optiques a couches photoniques - Google Patents
Dispositif de generation d'impulsions laser amplifiees par fibres optiques a couches photoniquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1875568A2 EP1875568A2 EP06743816A EP06743816A EP1875568A2 EP 1875568 A2 EP1875568 A2 EP 1875568A2 EP 06743816 A EP06743816 A EP 06743816A EP 06743816 A EP06743816 A EP 06743816A EP 1875568 A2 EP1875568 A2 EP 1875568A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- fiber
- amplified
- optical
- pulses
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2383—Parallel arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
- H01S3/094007—Cladding pumping, i.e. pump light propagating in a clad surrounding the active core
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
- H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2308—Amplifier arrangements, e.g. MOPA
- H01S3/2325—Multi-pass amplifiers, e.g. regenerative amplifiers
- H01S3/2333—Double-pass amplifiers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for generating laser pulses by optical fibers with photonic layers.
- These laser pulses are in the time range of nanoseconds and the energy range of multi-millijoules. It has applications in particular in the production of secondary sources by plasma excitation in the fields where electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength, for example ultraviolet or even X, must be obtained, for example for the photolithography of manufacturing of components.
- electronic The race for integration in the electronic domain leads to the realization of microchip structures increasingly small. These structures are made by photolithography and the reduction in size requires the use of electromagnetic sources wavelengths shorter and shorter towards the extreme ultraviolet rays, or even X-rays. Plasmas are one of the means to realize such sources to short wavelength.
- fiber optic optical amplifiers formed of a doped core and at least one peripheral sheath which provides the waveguide produced are known.
- the heart is doped by a rare earth ion, Neodymium or Ytterbium in general.
- the guiding is ensured by the implementation of a photonic structure obtained by a geometrical assembly of channels or capillaries (holes). This structure artificially lowers the index seen by the wave produced and allows single mode propagation for fiber core diameters of the order of 50 .mu.m. This large core diameter makes it possible to spread the energy of the wave produced on a larger large area and push back the two fundamental limitations of fiber amplifiers that are flux resistance and non-linear effects.
- Such a fiber which is referred to herein as a photonic layer or MPF ("Multiclad Photonic Fiber”) laser fiber has been presented in the article by J. Limpert, N. Deguil-Robin, I. Manek-Hennninger, F. Salin, F. Röser, A. Liem, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, A. Tunnermann, J. Broeng, A. Petersson, and C. Jakobsen, "High-power rod-type photonic crystal fiber laser,” Opt . Express 13, 1055-1058 (2005).
- a solid state laser commonly designates a laser whose amplifying medium is a massive solid (crystalline or vitreous) in the form of a block of homogeneous material of at least millimetric dimensions (generally called a bar) in which the laser wave propagates freely whereas a fiber laser necessarily involves an amplifying medium in the form of a waveguide of micrometric dimensions in which the laser wave undergoes a forced guidance.
- the shape of the wave emitted by the laser is fixed by the resonator and, in the case of a solid-state laser, it therefore undergoes the thermal effects in the bar while the wave emitted by a fiber laser retains all the guiding properties of the fiber (transverse single-mode wave in the case of a single-mode fiber and multi-mode transverse for a multi-mode fiber).
- a device involving a fiber laser and a solid state laser is therefore undergoes the thermal effects in the bar while the wave emitted by a fiber laser retains all the guiding properties of the fiber (transverse single-mode wave in the case of a single-mode fiber and multi-mode transverse for a multi-mode fiber).
- BABUSHKIN-IPG presents a fiber laser solution with a current-driven semiconductor diode to directly emit the desired pulse width, which diode pulse is then pre-amplified and amplified by conventional fiber amplifiers to generate a laser pulse having a peak power of several tens of kW.
- the amplifier has a linear structure (only one arm) and there is no mention of the possibility of increasing the power by multiplication of the amplification arms.
- the article HEADLEY, SPIE Jan 2005 No. 5709 p 343-353 presents a pulse amplification method using multimode index jump fibers and coupling of the pump by bundles of fibers. It emphasizes the difficulty of obtaining single-mode propagation in a large-core index jump fiber and has an in-line amplification structure.
- CEA - FR 2 859 545
- Weulersse-CEA relates to the implementation of at least three solid lasers synchronized electronically (active synchronization).
- EP 1 041 686 (TRW) relates to the production of a high power plane wave by coherent recombination coupled to a spatial phase detector. The beams end times are not synchronized and emissions are continuous.
- the present invention proposes a high power laser source in multi-millijoule integrated pulse mode in nanosecond regime which has many advantages over known devices and which also allows, in particular, the production of secondary sources of electromagnetic radiation by plasma excitation. or non-linear crystals for generating such electromagnetic radiation using said laser source as the primary excitation means.
- This advantage is obtained by the implementation of a "distributed amplification" on several photonic fibers (MPF) to take advantage of the advantages relating to photonic fibers and the use of a parallel architecture.
- the source of the invention comprises a "master" laser operating in cadence (oscillator) triggered by at least one triggering means whose emitted beam is distributed (multiplexed) into N sub-sources which are distributed to N fiber-type optical amplifiers photon layer (MPF) pumped, each of the amplifiers being pumped by laser diodes and re-emitting an optical beam to a single focusing volume common to the N amplifiers.
- the focusing volume may correspond to a solid, liquid or gaseous material which will thus be excited for the secondary generation of a source at a wavelength different from that of the triggered laser.
- the "master” laser is a high-speed pulsed oscillator laser using, for example, a photonic layer fiber (MPF).
- the invention relates to a device for generating amplified laser pulses comprising at least one pulse laser driven by at least one triggering means emitting a spatially multiplexed master laser beam into elementary laser beams which are amplified in parallel by at least two optical amplifiers, each amplified elementary laser beams being directed to a single focusing volume.
- each optical amplifier comprises a photonic layer fiber, called MPF, at least one laser diode optical pumping means producing at least one pump wave for longitudinal pumping of said fiber and a means of focusing in the volume of focusing the amplified beam produced by the fiber, the elongate silica or glass fiber having a doped core, a first peripheral layer with a photonic laser waveguiding structure surrounded by a pump wave confinement layer, the confinement being surrounded by a sheath, guiding and confinement being obtained by using air capillaries within the fiber, the pumping of each optical amplifier being continuous and the generation of the amplified optical pulses being obtained directly from a source pulsed laser operating at a rate, said device having a configuration of multiplexing, parallel amplification and focusing each beam to ensure the synchronization of the optical pulses produced by all optical fiber amplifiers so that they arrive according to a predetermined time sequencing in the focusing volume.
- the following means can be used alone or in any technically possible combination, are
- the amplified elementary laser beams are each very close to the diffraction limit
- the amplified elementary laser beams each have a parameter M 2 of less than 2,
- the pulsed laser emitting a master laser beam which is then spatially multiplexed and then amplified by optical amplifiers is a pulsed laser with photonic layer amplifying fiber (MPF),
- MPF photonic layer amplifying fiber
- the device comprises a pulsed laser oscillator producing the master laser beam followed by at least two optical amplifiers in parallel, (the pulsed laser with its tripping means is an oscillator)
- the set comprises between two and a hundred optical amplifiers in parallel
- the frequency of repetition of the laser pulses is at least 1 OkHz
- the duration of the laser pulses produced by each of the optical amplifiers is between 1 ns and 30 ns
- the duration of the laser pulse at the focusing point is between 1 ns and 100 ns, the average power in the focusing volume is at least 1 kW,
- the average power in the focusing volume is at least 3kW
- the focusing volume corresponds to the zone of intersection of the amplified elementary laser beams and has a volume of less than 1000 ⁇ m cubic
- the focusing volume is a substantially spherical or ovoidal zone where at least 90% of the laser energy is concentrated in a volume of less than 1000 ⁇ m cubic
- the amplified elementary laser beams produced by all the optical amplifiers are focused according to a spherical geometry in which the target is located in the center of the sphere perpendicular to all the incident beams, - the incident beams form a ring around the focusing volume, (the beams are distributed over a circumference of the sphere corresponding to the volume of the focusing, in the case where there is focusing according to a spherical geometry therefore) the energy density at the point of focus by pulse is at least 1 ⁇ 10 10 W / cm 2 ,
- the stability of the energy of the pulses is at least 1% at 3 ⁇ ; the device further comprises means for generating a plasma emitting electromagnetic radiation in the range of extreme ultraviolet rays of approximately 13 wavelengths; , 5nm,
- the ends of the guided part (ends of the amplifying fibers) of the amplified laser beams are arranged in the space around the focusing volume,
- the ends of the guided part (ends of the amplifying fibers) of the amplified laser beams are disposed substantially at the same distance around the focusing volume, (the ends of the amplifying MPF fibers towards the focusing volume are arranged substantially at the same distance around focus volume)
- the ends of the guided portion (ends of the amplifying fibers) of the amplified laser beams are arranged diametrically in pairs, facing each other, around the focusing volume, (the ends of the amplifying MPF fibers towards the focussing volume are arranged diametrically two by two, vis-à-vis, around the focusing volume)
- the ends of the guided portion (ends of the amplifying fibers) of the amplified laser beams are arranged around the focusing volume so that no amplified laser beam is vis-à-vis another amplified laser beam, (to avoid a possible laser source destruction by injection of an amplified laser beam into another amplifying fiber vis-à-vis),
- the ends of the guided part (ends of the amplifying fibers) of the amplified laser beams are arranged radially equiangularly around the focusing point in the same plane
- each fiber comprises a dynamic pointing device so as to guarantee the same point of focus of each beam independently of the environmental constraints
- the dynamic pointing device comprises two angularly adjustable mirrors, position and direction detectors of the amplified laser beam arranged downstream of said mirrors and means for controlling the orientation of the mirrors according to the error signal provided by the detectors,
- the detectors are (for example) four-quadrant detectors, one of the detectors being placed at the focus of a focusing means in order to be sensitive to the direction of the incident beam,
- each optical amplifier comprises at least one laser diode source (s) emitting a pump wave returned longitudinally in the fiber by a dichroic mirror (or any other equivalent optical element) for injecting simultaneously in the optical amplifier the elementary laser beam from the pulsed laser and the pump,
- the pumping means comprises at least one laser diode source (s) emitting a pump wave, the pump wave being injected longitudinally in the fiber through a dichroic mirror, the corresponding elementary laser beam can be injected into said fiber thanks to said dichroic mirror, the pumping means makes it possible to send a pump wave to the amplifying fiber at one end of said fiber,
- the pumping means makes it possible to send two pump waves into the amplifying fiber, ie a pump wave at each of the two ends of said fiber, the pumping means makes it possible to send in the amplifying fiber two pump waves polarized perpendicularly to each other at the same end of said fiber; the fiber of the optical amplifier is used in double pass for the amplified laser beam; separation between the incident wave and the emerging wave of the amplifier being operated by a polarization separation means,
- the MPF fiber amplifier is used in double pass, the master laser beam entering the MPF fiber at the same end as that through which the amplified beam emerges, the pump wave (s) being sent into the fiber by the other end of the MPF fiber,
- the oscillator pulse laser consists of a triggering means and an amplifying medium of the type
- the pulsed laser oscillator emitting a master laser beam is then spatially multiplexed and then amplified by optical amplifiers is a photonic layer amplifying fiber (MPF) impulse laser,
- MPF photonic layer amplifying fiber
- the oscillator laser is further followed by an MPF photon fiber amplifier module producing the master laser beam, the device comprises a pulsed laser,
- the device comprises at least two pulsed lasers synchronized with each other in time, each emitting (directly or via a photonic fiber amplifier module MPF) a spatially multiplexed master laser beam to at least two optical amplifiers in parallel ,
- the master laser beam is spatially multiplexed and then connected to the different optical amplifiers by optical guides (optical guide fibers) whose lengths are determined so that the pulses of the amplified elementary laser beams produced by all the optical amplifiers arrive in the focusing volume according to a predetermined time diagram
- the amplified elementary laser beam of each optical amplifier is connected to the focusing volume by a non-amplifying photonic fiber whose length and the configuration is determined so that the pulses of the amplified elementary laser beams produced by the set of optical amplifiers arrive in the focusing volume according to a predetermined time pattern.
- the device mainly makes it possible to have a very good beam quality (close to the diffraction limit for each amplification channel), for a very high power density (1 mJ to 1 OmJ per channel) associated with a repetition rate. high (10KHz to 100KHz).
- the device of the invention also makes it possible to have a very high average energy stability in the focussing volume thanks to a firing rate (pulse) of at least 10KHZ and thanks to the multiplicity of elementary sources which generally range from 10. to 100 according to the configurations.
- the complexity of the device is not proportional to the rise in power obtained in the focusing volume thanks to the parallel architecture.
- the device can have a particularly high utilization rate, the non-operation of one or even a few sources, reducing the average power only very slightly.
- the device also makes it possible to have a very great flexibility in the optical characteristics in the focusing volume since by modifying the distance (length or type-optical fiber guide or transport depending on the case-optical path) separating the oscillator (master impulse laser) and some optical amplifiers can be produced temporal profiles of complex energy (creation of a pre-pulse for example).
- FIG. 1 which represents a first example of an optical amplifier with fiber MPF implemented in the device of the invention for amplifying each elementary laser beam
- FIG. 2 which represents the pulsed laser and the spatial multiplexing of the master laser beam into elementary laser beams intended to be amplified by optical amplifiers
- FIG. 3 which represents an exemplary embodiment of the device
- the Figure 4 shows a second example of MPF fiber amplifier of the double-pass type and polarization separation.
- the MPF fibers make it possible to produce laser sources of more than 100W of average power each while keeping a beam quality close to diffraction, the only amplified mode being the fundamental mode TM00 (transverse monomode).
- This good beam quality allows a relatively fine focusing, deposition of the maximum energy about 10 .mu.m diameter at the focal point and allows to excite a target (particle) of a few microns (about 5 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m) in diameter.
- the overall shape of the focus point is very approximately spheroidal and depends on the relative orientations of the laser beams between them.
- an MPF fiber is an elongated glass or silica structure with an axial geometry comprising in the center a doped amplifying medium in which the amplified radiation will be guided and, around this amplifying medium, a photonic-type guiding sheath. (That is, having a "holed" structure artificially lowering the index of the material of the guide sheath).
- a pump casing for confining the pump wave in the guide duct and the core.
- This type of MPF fiber is characterized in particular by the fact that one can have core diameters of 30 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m while having a monomode guide and a numerical aperture greater than 0.6 for the pump sheath, which facilitates the longitudinal injection of pump waves.
- the pump guide zone is slightly greater than about 100 ⁇ m in diameter and can be enlarged depending on the optimization of the laser. These diameter values are adapted according to the needs but they have an influence on the length of the fiber necessary for the amplification.
- the typical length of an amplifier based on such MPF fiber is less than 1 m.
- the core is doped with Ytterbium ions. These ions are excited by pumping them using power laser diode.
- Ytterbium has the advantage of being able to be pumped at 980 nm, the wavelength corresponding to the amplifiers conventionally used in telecommunication, which guarantees the supply and improvement of pump diode technologies.
- These diodes have a brightness too low for the pump wave is injected directly into the core of the fiber and used therefore the pump guiding ability of the fiber to propagate the power of the pump wave to the heart.
- the implementation of these MPF fibers is relatively simple because it is possible to obtain significant power without necessarily having to use cooling means, this type of fiber was able to withstand pump powers greater than 300W.
- the amplifiers implemented in the device use such MPF fibers and can each be pumped by one or both ends by pumping means, which allows to double the pump power injected longitudinally in the fiber.
- pumping means which allows to double the pump power injected longitudinally in the fiber.
- a polarization of the pump wave can be quadrupled the pump power injected into the fiber using at each end two cross-polarized pump waves.
- the pumping means 3 of the optical amplifier 12 produce at each end of the MPF 2 fiber pump waves 4 whose optical axis is parallel to the MPF 2 fiber. 4 are sent longitudinally into the fiber through dichroic mirrors 5 capable of reflecting the corresponding elementary laser beam 16 which is amplified in the optical amplifier 12.
- the amplified elementary laser beam 15 is also reflected by a dichroic mirror 5 and is then sent through a focusing means 7, preferably opto-mechanical, to a target 14.
- the MPF 2 fiber (or an additional optical element) preferably returns the amplified elementary laser beam 15 to the dichroic mirror in relation to the focusing means 7 and not to the multiplexer 1 1 which will be seen in connection with Figure 2.
- the amplifier shown in FIG. 1 comprises an MPF 2 fiber which is pumped at its two ends by two pumping means 3 of the laser diode type, same fibers (the pump wave is sent to the amplifying fiber MPF via an optical fiber type optical guide), producing two pump waves 4 substantially parallel to the fiber 2 and returned longitudinally in the fiber 2 to through dichroic mirrors 5 transmitting the pump wave but reflecting the elementary laser beam 16 which is amplified in the MPF 2 fiber and amplified spring 15 to be directed and focused on the target 14 by an opto-mechanical means 7.
- the pump wave is sent to the amplifying fiber MPF via an optical fiber type optical guide
- MPF fiber optic amplifier is used in double pass.
- An incident beam of elementary laser beam 16 from the master laser is injected into the amplifier through polarization separation means 21.
- the incident wave of the master laser is linearly polarized.
- the wave then passes through a quarter-wave plate 22 which converts the linear polarization into a circular polarization.
- This wave is then injected into the fiber MPF 2 by means of optical means 23.
- Dichroic optical means 24 transmitting the wave coming from the master laser and capable of reflecting the pump wave may possibly be introduced on the path.
- the MPF 2 fiber has a large diameter outer sheath (> 1 mm) which ensures high rigidity. This rigidity makes it possible to obtain a maintenance of the polarization of the incident wave.
- a dichroic optical means 25 reflects the wave from the master laser and is capable of transmitting the pump wave produced by the module 3 and which is introduced by means of an optical coupling element 26 against or on the output face of the laser. the fiber. The wave is sent back to itself through the fiber.
- a second pass through the quarter-wave plate transforms the circularly polarized wave into a linearly polarized wave whose polarization direction is perpendicular to that of the incident wave from the master laser.
- This wave is separated from the incident wave by the separator of polarization 21 and can be refocused by an optical means 27 in a transport guide 18 which can be a flexible photonic fiber.
- Such an implementation can significantly increase the gain of the amplifier and thus reduce the power of the incident wave from the master laser.
- the pulse laser oscillator can be:
- a laser diode which emits continuously and whose radiation is modulated in pulses by an external high-frequency modulator, the pulses being able to be amplified in a fiber amplifier MPF placed downstream of the modulator before the multiplexer,
- a laser diode whose feed current is modulated and which may be followed by an optical amplifier with MPF fiber before the multiplexer,
- a triggered laser (which may itself be an MPF fiber laser) by active or passive means, the timing of which can preferably be synchronized to an external clock.
- laser oscillator 1 which is represented in FIG. 2 and which integrates pump means 3 producing the pump wave 4 whose optical axis is parallel to the fiber MPF 2, the pump wave 4 being sent longitudinally in the fiber 2 through a dichroic mirror 5 capable of reflecting the laser wave propagating in the laser resonator.
- Mirrors 9 and 10 form a tuned optical cavity and triggering means 8 (an electro-optical crystal, or any other means allowing rapid modulation) is disposed in the cavity.
- the laser cavity is thus constituted by a totally reflecting element 9 and partially reflecting 10 to let out the master laser beam 6.
- the partially reflective element 10 is constituted by the face of the fiber.
- the master laser beam 6 is multiplexed by a 1 (and possibly temporal) space multiplexer for producing the elementary laser beams 16.
- a fiber optic amplifier MPF may, in a variant, be implemented upstream of the multiplexer 1 1, at the output of the laser oscillator 1 to amplify the master laser beam 6 before its multiplexing.
- the device of FIG. 3 implements a set of optical amplifiers 12 with MPF fibers 2 of the type of FIG. 1 or FIG. 4 but limited here, for the sake of simplification of the figure, to 8 optical amplifiers.
- These optical amplifiers 12 are arranged on a support in the form of a flat or slightly conical crown and their laser beams converge towards the same focusing volume placed substantially in the center of the ring.
- This laser beam geometry has a cylindrical axis of symmetry and a particle jet is sent substantially perpendicular to this ring towards the focusing volume.
- a means 13 for generating a stream of particles or droplets 14 of tin or xenon of approximately 10 ⁇ m in diameter each is arranged in such a way that the jet passes through the focusing volume of the amplified laser beams 15.
- the particles or droplets are isolated from each other.
- a master laser 1 with tripping means producing light pulses is used.
- the light pulses of the elementary laser beams 16 are sent by optical guides, flexible guide optical fibers or any other optical beam transport means, to each of the optical amplifiers 12, the length of the optical guide fibers being such that with the With the arrangement of the source 1 and the selected amplifiers 12, the laser pulses of the amplified laser beams 15 all arrive at substantially the same time in the focusing volume or, more generally, in a predetermined time pattern.
- the master laser beam is spatially multiplexed and then connected to the different optical amplifiers by optical guide fibers whose lengths are determined so that the pulses of the amplified elementary laser beams produced by all the optical amplifiers arrive in the focusing volume according to a predetermined time pattern.
- some amplifiers may be physically located further from the oscillator than others. This variation of distance is then compensated by introducing different optical paths for each amplifier.
- the path may for example be longer as the amplifier is located near the oscillator to ensure a synchronous arrival of the pulses emitted by the different amplifiers on the target located in the center of the common focus volume.
- one or more optical paths are deliberately chosen different from others so that the pulses following these paths arrive on the target with an advance on all the others.
- These "prepulses” create a pre-plasma that can be used to change the interaction conditions of the main pulse group with the target. For example one can change the electronic density of the target to change its absorption.
- the time difference between the two groups of pulses is chosen according to the physical principles of the interaction which are conventionally known. More complicated time schemes can be obtained by modulating each optical path independently, either statically (the length of the guide and / or transport fibers is constant), or dynamically (adjustable delay means).
- the amplified elementary laser beam of each optical amplifier is connected to the focusing volume by a non-amplifying transport photonic fiber whose length and the configuration is determined so that the pulses of the amplified elementary laser beams produced by all the optical amplifiers arrive in the focusing volume according to a predetermined temporal pattern.
- the non-amplifying photonic fibers downstream of the optical amplifiers are therefore also a means for varying the arrival time of the amplified optical pulses in the focusing volume.
- the focusing means used to reduce (focus) the diameter of each beam to its diffraction limit is placed after the corresponding non-amplifying photonic fiber (then called fiber transport).
- Synchronization means 17 causes the laser pulses to arrive at the focusing point when there is a particle 14 of tin or xenon. This last synchronization is obtained either by detecting the particles or by synchronously generating the laser pulses and the particles by the particle generation means 13.
- the energy of the laser pulses delivered to the tin or xenon particles causes a plasma to be created from which extreme ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation can be extracted at about 13.5 nm wavelength. This radiation can then be used for photolithography.
- extreme ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation can then be used for photolithography.
- an average power of 5kW can be obtained.
- other configurations of optical fiber laser amplifiers MPF are possible and for example by space distribution of the laser amplifiers on several rings of identical diameters or not but at the same center corresponding to the focusing volume.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0550997A FR2884652B1 (fr) | 2005-04-19 | 2005-04-19 | Dispositif de generation d'impulsions laser amplifiees par fibres optiques a couches photoniques |
| PCT/FR2006/050358 WO2006111684A2 (fr) | 2005-04-19 | 2006-04-19 | Dispositif de generation d'impulsions laser amplifiees par fibres optiques a couches photoniques |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1875568A2 true EP1875568A2 (fr) | 2008-01-09 |
Family
ID=34955376
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06743816A Withdrawn EP1875568A2 (fr) | 2005-04-19 | 2006-04-19 | Dispositif de generation d'impulsions laser amplifiees par fibres optiques a couches photoniques |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080144164A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1875568A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2884652B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006111684A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1724816A4 (fr) * | 2004-02-13 | 2007-10-24 | Nikon Corp | Méthode et système d'exposition, et méthode de fabrication du dispositif |
| US20100220315A1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | Beckman Coulter, Inc. | Stabilized Optical System for Flow Cytometry |
| CN104184025B (zh) * | 2013-05-23 | 2017-07-25 | 福州高意通讯有限公司 | 一种多次泵浦的光纤激光器结构 |
| JP6369454B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-08-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | レーザー溶接装置 |
| US10812880B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2020-10-20 | Lyteloop Technologies, Llc | Data in motion storage system and method |
| US10337998B2 (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2019-07-02 | Radom Corporation | Plasma generator assembly for mass spectroscopy |
| FR3081737B1 (fr) * | 2018-06-05 | 2022-02-11 | Imagine Optic | Procedes et systemes pour la generation d'impulsions laser de forte puissance crete |
| CN112654899A (zh) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-04-13 | 利特洛普技术有限公司 | 用于在空腔内存储波信号的装置和方法 |
| BR112020018431B1 (pt) | 2018-08-10 | 2021-08-10 | Lyteloop Technologies, Llc | Sistema e método para estender comprimento de trajetória de um sinal de onda com o uso de multiplexação de ângulo |
| WO2020096912A1 (fr) | 2018-11-05 | 2020-05-14 | Lyteloop Technologies, Llc | Systèmes et procédés de construction, de fonctionnement et de commande de multiples amplificateurs, régénérateurs et émetteurs-récepteurs en utilisant des composants communs partagés |
| CN115119373B (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2025-12-05 | 广东省智能机器人研究院 | 极紫外光产生方法及装置 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5790574A (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1998-08-04 | Imar Technology Company | Low cost, high average power, high brightness solid state laser |
| GB9713422D0 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 1997-08-27 | Secr Defence | Single mode optical fibre |
| US6366356B1 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2002-04-02 | Trw Inc. | High average power fiber laser system with high-speed, parallel wavefront sensor |
| US6301421B1 (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2001-10-09 | Trw Inc. | Photonic crystal fiber lasers and amplifiers for high power |
| FR2814599B1 (fr) * | 2000-09-27 | 2005-05-20 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif laser de forte puissance crete et application a la generation de lumiere dans l'extreme ultra violet |
| FR2822242B1 (fr) * | 2001-03-16 | 2003-08-15 | Cit Alcatel | Fibre optique photonique a forte surface effective |
| US6600597B2 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2003-07-29 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Photonic crystal amplifier for optical telecommunications system |
| US20020181911A1 (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2002-12-05 | Wadsworth William John | Optical material and a method for its production |
| US7590323B2 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2009-09-15 | Crystal Fibre A/S | Optical fibre with high numerical aperture, method of its production, and use thereof |
| US6818854B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2004-11-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser peening with fiber optic delivery |
| US20030231845A1 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2003-12-18 | Anatoly Patlakh | Methods of processing of air-clad and photonic-crystal fibers |
| EP1655625B1 (fr) * | 2003-08-13 | 2019-12-18 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Fibre optique en tellurite et procédé de fabrication de fibre optique en tellurite |
| FR2859545B1 (fr) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-11-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de lithographie par rayonnement dans l'extreme utraviolet |
| US7199924B1 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-04-03 | Aculight Corporation | Apparatus and method for spectral-beam combining of high-power fiber lasers |
| FR2885265B1 (fr) * | 2005-04-28 | 2009-10-09 | Femlight Sa | Dispositif laser declenche a fibre photonique |
-
2005
- 2005-04-19 FR FR0550997A patent/FR2884652B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-04-19 US US11/912,049 patent/US20080144164A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-04-19 WO PCT/FR2006/050358 patent/WO2006111684A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-04-19 EP EP06743816A patent/EP1875568A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006111684A2 (fr) | 2006-10-26 |
| FR2884652B1 (fr) | 2009-07-10 |
| US20080144164A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
| FR2884652A1 (fr) | 2006-10-20 |
| WO2006111684A3 (fr) | 2006-12-14 |
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