EP1861201A1 - Device and method for size-reducing agglomerates - Google Patents
Device and method for size-reducing agglomeratesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1861201A1 EP1861201A1 EP06708725A EP06708725A EP1861201A1 EP 1861201 A1 EP1861201 A1 EP 1861201A1 EP 06708725 A EP06708725 A EP 06708725A EP 06708725 A EP06708725 A EP 06708725A EP 1861201 A1 EP1861201 A1 EP 1861201A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- blades
- axial
- knives
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
- B22C5/0409—Blending, mixing, kneading or stirring; Methods therefor
- B22C5/045—Devices having a horizontal stirrer shaft in a fixed receptacle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/02—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
- B02C13/06—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
- B22C5/0409—Blending, mixing, kneading or stirring; Methods therefor
- B22C5/0477—Mixing while transporting the mixture on an endless belt, e.g. with driven stirring elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for comminuting agglomerates and the like, by mechanical impact comminuting material, wherein the device consists of a rotatably driven rotor with a plurality of wing-like crushing tools, which are in contact with the material to be crushed bar ,
- a corresponding device is known for example from the brochure "Loosening spinner” the company VHV Anlagenbau, which is provided for the crushing of agglomerates of foundry sand.
- the shredding takes place via wear-protected relatively thick flails, which are attached spirally on a horizontally running shaft with a relatively large lateral distance.
- the fast rotating shaft is mounted transversely to the conveying direction of the belt conveyor so that the rotating flails are moved through the bulk material, but have no contact with the underlying belt of the belt conveyor.
- the inner surfaces of the relatively close to the spinning unit arranged cover is provided for example with wear-resistant non-stick liners.
- the problem of the known solution is that, especially in the molding sand preparation located on the belt conveyor Good is removed by the relatively thick flail from the bed of good and thrown tangentially forward and upward in the direction of rotation of the rotating shaft.
- the tubers are crushed by the impact stress of the flails as well as the impact on the housing wall.
- the transport in the vertical direction with high tangential speeds however, despite strong non-stick coating leads to strong caking in the collecting housing.
- the rotating flails must therefore move through both the relatively loose material and the compacted caking in the housing, resulting in high wear and unnecessarily high drive power to the rotating shaft.
- the present invention seeks to provide a device for crushing agglomerates and similar material and a corresponding method, which ensure a better crushing effect and thereby largely prevent material caking as well as by further measures.
- the wings consist of narrow blades whose measured thickness in the axial direction of the rotor is a maximum of 20 mm and their repeating distance along the axial direction is not more than 50 mm.
- the repetition distance given above refers to knives arranged approximately at the same angle with respect to the rotor axis, ie. h are adjacent in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction at least partially overlapping, so either at the same angular position axially behind the other or z. B. are arranged spirally circumferentially with smaller relative offset angles. Otherwise, of course, several knives may be different angular positions and without mutual overlap even at the same axial height, d. h, be arranged at a pitch 0.
- An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which the thickness of the knives is less than 15 mm and in particular less than 10 mm but more than 2 mm, with a thickness of the knives in the range of 3 mm to 7 mm is particularly preferred.
- the blades are made of a wear-resistant material as possible, for which in particular hardened steels, but also carbide are suitable.
- the radial length of the blades in the preferred embodiment is at least 25% of the rotor diameter, preferably at least 30% of the total rotor diameter.
- the blades are each provided on rotor elements, which consist of several contiguous, arranged at approximately equal angular intervals knives, which are interconnected, for example via a central ring, this central ring, for example, on a rotatably driven, central shaft of the rotor can be pushed.
- the knives are designed so that they also give the material to be crushed in addition to the rotation direction corresponding forward pulse and a slight lateral pulse.
- This can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the individual knives, which consist essentially of wear-resistant, flat, strip-shaped elements, are either slightly twisted out of a radial plane, twisted in their longitudinal direction or at their free ends out of a radial plane Axial direction are angled.
- These different knife designs are also combinable.
- Each of the aforementioned features of an angling or twisting of the knife blade has the effect that the material which is cut through the knife, also a lateral component of movement is given.
- each knife has a leading edge, a trailing edge, and two opposing side surfaces interconnecting the leading and trailing edges. The above defined twisting or angulation of the blades relates to one or both of these side surfaces, respectively.
- an embodiment of the device according to the invention is particularly preferred, in which the number of twisted in one direction or angled knife is approximately equal to the number of twisted in the opposite direction or angled knife, so that the total material entrained motion components perpendicular essentially cancel the direction of transport, whereby a better comminution effect is achieved by these opposite lateral movements, in particular also by a part of the material cut by a knife, which is not acted on directly by the knife, deflecting somewhat in the lateral direction and thus exactly in the trajectory of a subsequent circumferential and axial direction or adjacent knife is brought.
- the angled ends extend over less than a quarter of the radial blade length.
- the bend should be less than 30 °, in particular less than 20 °, but if possible also over 3 °, e.g. between about 5 ° and 10 °.
- the ends could also be curved, the curvature being such that a tangent at the curved region at the tip of the knife deviates by a maximum of 30 ° from the radial direction.
- both knives with angled ends and simple straight, flat blades can be arranged simultaneously on one and the same rotor, wherein it is generally preferred if of the knives having angled ends, in each case half in the one and the other half is angled in the other direction.
- Knives are angled in the other direction.
- the individual rotor elements which have either 2, 4, 6 or 8 knives, each configured identically, so that a plurality of axially aligned one behind the other, similar rotor elements form the rotor.
- the rotor elements expediently have a central ring, which is pushed onto a suitable shaft, with a variant being particularly preferred, in which the ring has a projection protruding radially inward, fitting into one axially or else easily spirally or wavy along the shaft extending groove is inserted. If a corresponding projection on the ring with respect to the knife is always arranged in the same angular position, this means that the individual blades of axially successive rotor elements follow the course of the groove along the shaft.
- a radially projecting bar or the like which engages in a corresponding groove in the inner circumference of the rings of the rotor elements.
- the axially aligned knives which could optionally also be slightly helical or wavy instead of an exact axial orientation, each have identically formed knives, i. Knives whose tips are each angled in the same direction, while a group of blades that is adjacent to the former group in the circumferential direction, could have an angling or twisting in another direction, but in any case the blades of such in the axial direction are essentially identical in each case substantially aligned group.
- This embodiment is particularly space-saving and has uniform gap widths between adjacent blades of the same circumferential position.
- an embodiment of the invention is preferred in which the rotor is mounted axially movable, wherein means are provided which impart an oscillatory axial movement to the rotor during the rotation.
- the oscillatory axial movement is then superimposed on the rotational movement of the knife so that the knives during the cutting of the material to be crushed at the same time also have a component of movement in the axial direction, ie transverse to the conveying direction of the material, and so in a similar manner as bends or twists of the blade tip to crushing material give a light lateral component with respect to the conveying direction.
- the frequency of the oscillatory movement is expediently synchronized with the rotational movement.
- the axial oscillation frequency is preferably between one and four times the rotational frequency, wherein the factor between rotational frequency and oscillation frequency is expediently made dependent on the number of rows of blades distributed along the circumference of the rotor.
- the axial reciprocating motion is preferably sinusoidal, wherein expediently the entire rotor, including its bearings, is axially reciprocable and the corresponding rotor holder is moved axially back and forth overall with the frequency mentioned.
- the result of using the above rule for the ratio of the oscillation frequency to the rotational frequency of the rotor is that one row of blades laterally moves the agglomerate in one direction and the next row of blades moves the agglomerate in the other direction Main component of the movement imparted agglomerate in or against the conveying direction, because the actual (maximum) speeds of the axial oscillatory movement in practice are small in relation to the rotational speed of the blade tips.
- the amplitude of the axial oscillatory motion in the preferred embodiment should not be more than the axial repeat distance of adjacent blades of the same angular position, preferably the amplitude should be only about 1/3 to 2/3 of the axial pitch of the blades.
- the maximum axial velocity is generally between 1/10 and 1/20 of the rotational speed of the blade tip, wherein However, a larger range of 1/5 to 1/50 can be used meaningfully for the ratio of these speeds to each other.
- the corresponding rotor is housed in a longitudinally transversely to the rotor axis formed and can be placed on a conveyor housing.
- the housing is designed so that it closes a space above a conveyor, such as a conveyor belt, upwards and laterally, wherein the side walls of the housing extending in the vicinity of the edges of the conveyor belt to just above this conveyor belt and wherein the housing in the area the rotor has a clear height, which is expediently between 1.5 and 3 times the rotor diameter, in particular between 1.7 and 2.3 times this height.
- the length of the housing is a multiple of its height, since in the preferred orientation of the rotor, the material to be crushed is thrown by the rotating blades forward and can be better caught at a distance from the blades.
- a curtain made of flexible sheet material is expediently used which hangs down at a distance which corresponds to a multiple and at least twice the rotor diameter at the end or shortly before the end of the housing and rests on the conveyor or the material transported thereon.
- this curtain of flexible material may consist of a plurality of parallel strips and, if desired, two or more such curtains may be arranged in short distance one behind the other to ensure that no material is ejected at high speed forward from the housing.
- the upper side of the housing is expediently lined with a flexible and preferably wear-resistant sheet material, whereby here, however, no close contact or even a coating of the housing inner wall is to be understood by lining, but rather this flexible sheet material hangs loosely from the upper side of the housing or at a distance loosely suspended under the upper housing inner wall.
- Web material alone by impinging material particles undergoes, possibly adhering material always flaking off. If necessary, this can also be supported by targeted, active movement of the flexible material web. Again, this loosely hanging web may in turn consist of several parallel strips that are even more flexible and flexible than all continuous webs in full width. Of course, wear-resistant materials with the lowest possible adhesion for material caking are also preferred for the flexible web.
- the inventive method is characterized in that a rotor is used with the above features, wherein in a preferred embodiment, the rotor is arranged so that the blade moves in engagement in the conveyed on a material transported under the rotor in the conveying direction through this material become.
- this relative movement of the knife passing through the material with simultaneous transport of the material along a conveying direction is also the case, which effectively gives the material a lateral component of movement in the case of angled knife tips.
- the device in question is placed in a conveying direction, wherein care must be taken that the blades engage in the transported on a conveyor belt or similar material, but in any case maintain a safe distance from the conveyor itself, so as not to damage ,
- the peripheral speeds at the outer ends of the knife is suitably between 5 and 20 m / s, preferably between 10 and 15 m / s.
- the conveying speed is on the order of 0.5 to 2 m / s, in particular about 1 m / s. If the conveying speed differs, the rotational speed of the rotor can also be adapted accordingly so that overall the above-mentioned relative speeds result, which however can also be material-dependent and thus deviate from the above values.
- the material is reciprocated by the blades not only in the direction of rotation of the blades, but also perpendicular thereto, while the blades cut through the material. This is done mainly by using appropriately shaped knives.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a crushing device mounted on a belt conveyor and in a housing;
- FIG. 2 shows a front view of the comminuting device according to FIG. 1,
- Figure 3 is a plan view of a rotor element
- Figure 4 is a side view of a rotor element
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a side view of a variant with a plurality of rotors or rotor elements mounted one behind the other and above a belt.
- the crushing device according to the invention is shown in Figure 1 in side view and in Figure 2 in front view.
- the crushing device consists essentially of a rotor 7 and is secured by means of a support frame 2 on a belt conveyor 3.
- the conveyed, such. B. foundry sand, rests on a flat-running belt 4, which is supported on support rollers 5 on the frame of the belt conveyor 6.
- the rotor 7 or its shaft 13 is held laterally in bearings 8 which are fixed to the support frame 2.
- the drive of the rotor 7 via a motor 9 with V-belt transmission 10.
- the motor 9 is mounted on a motor rocker 11, so that the V-belt 10 can be tensioned via a pressure screw 12.
- rotor elements 14 Mounted on the central shaft 13 of the rotor 7 are rotor elements 14 having knife-like shredding means, referred to as "knives 24" for short, with angled ends 27. Between the outer end of the shredding means and the belt 4 there may be a gap over a correspondingly height-adjustable Holding device 15.
- the cover housing (16) of the comminution device is clamped between the support frame 2.
- the cover housing 16 is made long in the direction of rotation of the rotor 7 and still has, for example, behind the rotor a length which is about 4 - fach times the rotor diameter.
- the interior of the cover 16 is provided with a curtain of flexible material 17, such as rubber.
- this curtain is made up of parallel strips of flexible material suspended in the longitudinal or transverse direction from the cover 16, ie from the side walls or from the top wall.
- the curtain 17 is fastened to the cover housing 16, for example via terminal strips 18.
- the curtain is suspended so that it rubs on the belt or the conveyed and so an undesirable Outlet of product, which is thrown up by the fast-running rotor 7 in small subsets, in the conveying direction of the Conveyor belt prevented.
- two or more curtains 19 of flexible material can be attached one behind the other.
- the rotation of the rotor 7 preferably takes place in a direction which coincides with the transport direction of the belt 4 of the belt conveyor 3 in the lower engagement region of the rotor.
- operation in the opposite direction is also possible, although not currently preferred.
- the shape of the housing is tapered wedge-shaped in the preferred embodiment in the direction of the outlet opening of the belt 4, wherein the height above the belt 4 in the region of the rotor 7 between 1.5 and 3 times the rotor diameter D, preferably between the 1, 7 and 2.3 times the diameter D, is.
- the height above the belt 4 is between 0.5 and 1.5 times the diameter D of the rotor 7, preferably between 0.7 and 1.3 times the diameter D.
- the lateral sealing of the crushing device 1 on the belt 4 is carried out by rubber lips 20 which are attached to the belt 4 grinding on the housing 16.
- the setting of the sealing gap is carried out when using the rubber lips, for example via screws by means of terminal strips 21, which are provided with slots.
- the rotor 7 consists of a plurality of juxtaposed on the central shaft 13 rotor elements 14.
- the rotor elements 14 may be interchangeable or not interchangeable connected to the central shaft 13.
- the complete rotor 4 can be made in one piece.
- the rotor elements 14 are releasably connected to the central shaft 13 and each have rotor blades or blades 24 offset by 45 °, 60 °, 90 ° or 180 ° from each other.
- the rotor blade or blade 24 is required between the blades 24 and between the rotor elements 14 Distance is adjusted via spacers 22 located therebetween.
- any other angle settings are possible.
- angled ends 27 of the blades 24 each show in the same direction, while the ends 27 of the arranged in a (relative to the axis of the shaft 13) other fixed angular position knife 24 together in the opposite direction are angled
- FIG. 3 shows a preferred variant of the rotor element 14 in an (axial) plan view.
- the associated radial side view is shown in FIG a plate with a central ring 23 cut strip, which forms a rotor element 14, has two arranged in the opposite direction knife-like arms, hereinafter referred to briefly as a knife 24.
- a nose 26 is formed, which allows a vermossi- chere mounting via a corresponding groove on the central shaft.
- the ends 27 of the blades 24 are angled in the opposite direction by an angle ⁇ out of the plane.
- the angle ⁇ is between 3 ° and 20 °, preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.
- the rotor illustrated in FIG. 2 is constructed from the rotor elements 14, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- two axially immediately successive rotor elements 14 are each rotated by 90 ° from each other, so that there is a shape of the rotor in the axial plan view, as can be seen in the right in Figure 5 rotor.
- the four rotor arms or knives 24, as shown in Figure 5 right, arranged on two axially successively arranged rotor element rings 23, wherein two knives 24 are formed in pairs opposite one piece with such a ring 23 and the respective rings in each case 90 ° are rotated against each other, as can be seen also on the basis of the lugs 26, which engage in two corresponding, axially parallel Nuten a central shaft 13 th.
- all the rotor elements 14 can be made identical in the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, wherein the four individual knives 24, each arranged at four different angular positions two different axial positions one behind the other, each at two successive positions in the one Direction and in the next two consecutive positions in the other direction are angled.
- the thickness of the blade in the region of engagement with the conveyed material is generally between 2 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 5 mm.
- the distances between the arms 24 and the ends 2 of the comminuting means is between 3 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 7 mm, thus resulting in a pitch of the rotor elements 14 in the axial direction of a minimum of about 5 to (preferably) not more than 25 mm results, with repetition distances up to 50 mm still quite reasonable.
- the total diameter D of the rotor 4 is between 150 mm and 400 mm, preferably between 250 mm and 300 mm.
- the axial length of the rotor 7 is adapted to the width of the belt conveyor and is between 80% and 100% of the total width, preferably between 90% and 95% of the total width of the conveyor belt 4th
- the peripheral speed at the outer ends 27 of the rotor elements 14 is between 5 m / s and 20 m / s, preferably between 10 m / s and 15 m / s.
- Decisive for efficient operation is the relative speed to the belt conveyor, which is at a conveying speed of 1 m / s depending on the direction of rotation of the rotor between 4 m / s and 21 m / s, preferably between 9 m / s and 16 m / s.
- FIG. 5 shows a further variant of a comminution device. In addition to the use of a single rotor, the arrangement of two or more rotors 7, T arranged behind one another is accordingly also possible.
- the direction of rotation of the rotors 7, T can be in one direction, but also in different directions.
- the peripheral speeds of the rotors can be the same size or different sizes.
- the use of differently sized diameter rotors is possible.
- the shape and the axial distance of the rotor elements on the different rotors may differ.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Agglomeraten Apparatus and method for crushing agglomerates
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Zerkleinerung von Agglomeraten und ähnlichem, durch mechanische Schläge zerkleinerungsfähigem Material, wobei die Vorrichtung aus einem drehend antreibbaren Rotor mit einer Mehrzahl von flügelartigen Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen besteht, welche mit dem zu zerkleinerten Material in Kontakt bring- bar sind.The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for comminuting agglomerates and the like, by mechanical impact comminuting material, wherein the device consists of a rotatably driven rotor with a plurality of wing-like crushing tools, which are in contact with the material to be crushed bar ,
Eine entsprechende Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus dem Prospekt "Lockerungsschleuder" der Firma VHV Anlagenbau bekannt, die für die Zerkleinerung von Agglomeraten aus Gießereisand vorgesehen ist.A corresponding device is known for example from the brochure "Loosening spinner" the company VHV Anlagenbau, which is provided for the crushing of agglomerates of foundry sand.
Bei der Aufbereitung feinstkörniger oder bindemittelhaltiger Stoffsysteme kann es beispielsweise am Austrag eines Silos oder nach einem Misch- oder Granulierprozeß zu einer unerwünschten Zusammenballung eines nicht unerheblichen Teils des Stoffstromes zu großen Agglomeraten oder Knollen kommen. Diese Agglomerate besitzen in der Regel eine geringe Druckfestig- keit und lassen sich relativ leicht auf die Primärkorngröße der Partikel oder Granulate zerkleinern.In the preparation of very fine-grained or binder-containing material systems, for example, at the discharge of a silo or after a mixing or granulation process, undesirable agglomeration of a not inconsiderable part of the material flow can lead to large agglomerates or tubers. As a rule, these agglomerates have a low compressive strength and can be comminuted relatively easily to the primary particle size of the particles or granules.
Häufig werden solche Stoffsysteme einem nachgeschalteten Füll- und Verdichtungsprozeß zugeführt, der die geometrische Positiv- oder Negativform des Endproduktes erzeugt. Dabei ist es wichtig, daß die Form gleichmäßig befüllt wird. Große Agglomerate und Klumpen können nun den Stofffluß im Füllprozeß stören und somit zu Fehlern in der endgültigen Form des Produktes führen. Aus diesem Grunde sollen die Agglomerate und Knollen so weit zerkleinert werden, daß sie in der gewünschten Primärkorn- bzw. Granulatgröße vorliegen.Frequently, such material systems are fed to a downstream filling and compression process, which generates the geometric positive or negative form of the final product. It is important that the mold is filled evenly. Large agglomerates and lumps can now disturb the flow of material in the filling process and thus lead to errors in the final form of the product. For this reason, the agglomerates and tubers are to be comminuted so far that they are present in the desired Primärkorn- or granule size.
Insbesondere ist für die Zerkleinerung von Knollen bei der Formsandaufbereitung das bereits erwähnte, als Lockerungsschleuder bezeichnete Zerkleinerungsgerät bekannt, welches in Form eines unabhängigen Aufsatzgerätes auf einem Gurtförderer montiert werden kann.In particular, for the comminution of tubers in the molding sand preparation, the already mentioned, as loosening spinner designated crushing device is known, which can be mounted in the form of an independent attachment on a belt conveyor.
Die Zerkleinerung erfolgt dabei über verschleißgeschützte relativ dicke Schlegel, die spiralför- mig auf einer horizontal laufenden Welle mit relativ großem seitlichem Abstand befestigt werden. Die schnell rotierende Welle wird quer zur Förderrichtung des Gurtförderers so befestigt, daß die rotierenden Schlegel durch das Schüttgut hindurchbewegt werden, dabei jedoch keine Berührung mit dem darunterliegenden Gurt des Gurtförderers haben. Die Innenflächen der relativ eng um die Schleudereinheit angeordneten Abdeckhaube wird beispielsweise mit verschleißfesten Antihaftauskleidungen versehen.The shredding takes place via wear-protected relatively thick flails, which are attached spirally on a horizontally running shaft with a relatively large lateral distance. The fast rotating shaft is mounted transversely to the conveying direction of the belt conveyor so that the rotating flails are moved through the bulk material, but have no contact with the underlying belt of the belt conveyor. The inner surfaces of the relatively close to the spinning unit arranged cover is provided for example with wear-resistant non-stick liners.
Die Problematik der bekannten Lösung besteht darin, daß insbesondere bei der Formsandaufbereitung das auf dem Gurtförderer befindliche Gut durch die relativ dicken Schlegel aus dem Gutbett herausgelöst und in Drehrichtung der rotierenden Welle tangential nach vorne und oben geschleudert wird. Die Knollen werden durch die Schlagbeanspruchung der Schlegel sowie beim Aufprall auf die Gehäusewandung zerkleinert. Insbesondere der Transport in vertikaler Richtung mit hohen Tangentialgeschwindigkeiten führt allerdings trotz Antihaftbeschichtung zu starken Anbackungen im Auffanggehäuse.The problem of the known solution is that, especially in the molding sand preparation located on the belt conveyor Good is removed by the relatively thick flail from the bed of good and thrown tangentially forward and upward in the direction of rotation of the rotating shaft. The tubers are crushed by the impact stress of the flails as well as the impact on the housing wall. In particular, the transport in the vertical direction with high tangential speeds, however, despite strong non-stick coating leads to strong caking in the collecting housing.
Die rotierenden Schlegel müssen sich daher sowohl durch das relativ lockere Fördergut als auch durch die verdichteten Anbackungen im Gehäuse hindurchbewegen, was zu hohem Verschleiß sowie unnötig hohen Antriebsleistungen an der rotierenden Welle führt.The rotating flails must therefore move through both the relatively loose material and the compacted caking in the housing, resulting in high wear and unnecessarily high drive power to the rotating shaft.
Weiterhin kann aufgrund des relativ großen seitlichen Abstandes der Schlegel eine Teilmenge des Fördergutes ohne volle Berührung mit den rotierenden Schlegeln zwischen der Zerkleine- rungseinheit unzerkleinert hindurchtreten.Furthermore, due to the relatively large lateral spacing of the flails, a subset of the conveyed material can pass undrilled between the comminuting unit without full contact with the rotating flails.
Gegenüber diesem Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Agglomeraten und ähnlichem Material sowie ein entsprechendes Verfahren zu schaffen, welche eine bessere Zerkleinerungswirkung gewährleisten und dadurch sowie durch weitere Maßnahmen Materialanbackungen weitgehend verhindern.Compared to this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a device for crushing agglomerates and similar material and a corresponding method, which ensure a better crushing effect and thereby largely prevent material caking as well as by further measures.
Hinsichtlich der Vorrichtung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Flügel aus schmalen Messern bestehen, deren in Axialrichtung des Rotors gemessene Dicke maximal 20 mm beträgt und deren Wiederholabstand entlang der Axialrichtung nicht mehr als 50 mm beträgt.With regard to the device, this object is achieved in that the wings consist of narrow blades whose measured thickness in the axial direction of the rotor is a maximum of 20 mm and their repeating distance along the axial direction is not more than 50 mm.
Der vorstehend angegebene Wiederholabstand bezieht sich dabei auf Messer, die in etwa unter demselben Winkel bezüglich der Rotorachse angeordnet, d. h in axialer Richtung benachbart sind und in Umfangsrichtung mindestens teilweise überlappend, also entweder unter derselben Winkelposition axial hintereinander oder z. B. mit kleineren relativen Versatzwinkeln spiralförmig umlaufend angeordnet sind. Ansonsten können selbstverständlich mehrere Messer unter unter- schiedlichen Winkelpositionen und ohne wechselseitige Überlappung auch auf derselben axialen Höhe, d. h, unter einem Wiederholabstand 0 angeordnet werden.The repetition distance given above refers to knives arranged approximately at the same angle with respect to the rotor axis, ie. h are adjacent in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction at least partially overlapping, so either at the same angular position axially behind the other or z. B. are arranged spirally circumferentially with smaller relative offset angles. Otherwise, of course, several knives may be different angular positions and without mutual overlap even at the same axial height, d. h, be arranged at a pitch 0.
Der geringe Wiederholabstand in Verbindung mit der geringen Dicke bzw. Stärke der Messer bedeutet dabei selbstverständlich bei einer gegebenen Breite bzw. axialen Länge des Rotors, daß die Zahl der Messer gegenüber der bekannten Vorrichtung wesentlich größer ist, wobei sich herausgestellt hat, daß aufgrund der großen Zahl relativ schmaler Messer die Zerkleinerungswirkung deutlich verbessert werden kann und außerdem Materialanbackungen besser vermieden bzw. durch die Messerbewegung leichter wieder abgelöst werden, was auch den Messerverschleiß reduziert, so daß die (in radialer Draufsicht) schmaleren Messer überraschenderweise auch im Hinblick auf den Verschleiß von Vorteil sind..The small repeating distance in conjunction with the small thickness or thickness of the knife means of course at a given width or axial length of the rotor that the number of knives over the known device is substantially larger, it has been found that due to the large Number of relatively narrow knife the crushing effect can be significantly improved and also better avoided material caking or detached by the knife movement again, which also reduces the blade wear, so that the (in radial plan view) narrower knife surprisingly also in terms of wear advantage are..
Dabei ist eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung besonders bevorzugt, bei welcher die Dicke der Messer weniger als 15 mm und insbesondere weniger als 10 mm jedoch mehr als 2 mm be- trägt, wobei eine Dicke bzw. Stärke der Messer im Bereich von 3 mm bis 7 mm besonders bevorzugt ist.An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which the thickness of the knives is less than 15 mm and in particular less than 10 mm but more than 2 mm, with a thickness of the knives in the range of 3 mm to 7 mm is particularly preferred.
Zweckmäßigerweise bestehen die Messer aus einem möglichst verschleißfesten Material, wofür insbesondere gehärtete Stähle, aber auch Hartmetall geeignet sind.Conveniently, the blades are made of a wear-resistant material as possible, for which in particular hardened steels, but also carbide are suitable.
Die radiale Länge der Messer beträgt in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform mindestens 25 % des Rotordurchmessers, vorzugsweise mindestens 30 % des gesamten Rotordurchmessers.The radial length of the blades in the preferred embodiment is at least 25% of the rotor diameter, preferably at least 30% of the total rotor diameter.
Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Messer jeweils an Rotorelementen vorgesehen, die aus mehreren zusammenhängenden, unter in etwa gleichen Winkelabständen angeordneten Messern bestehen, welche beispielsweise über einen zentralen Ring miteinander verbunden sind, wobei dieser zentrale Ring beispielsweise auf eine drehbar angetriebene, zentrale Welle des Rotors aufschiebbar ist.Conveniently, the blades are each provided on rotor elements, which consist of several contiguous, arranged at approximately equal angular intervals knives, which are interconnected, for example via a central ring, this central ring, for example, on a rotatably driven, central shaft of the rotor can be pushed.
Dabei ist es besonders bevorzugt, wenn die Messer so ausgestaltet sind, daß sie dem zu zerkleinernden Material neben dem der Rotationsrichtung entsprechenden Vorwärtsimpuls auch einen leichten seitlichen Impuls mitgeben. Dies kann man beispielsweise dadurch erreichen, daß die einzelnen Messer, die im wesentlichen aus verschleißfesten, flachen, leistenförmigen Elementen bestehen, entweder leicht aus einer Radialebene heraus verdreht, in ihrer Längs- richtung in sich verdreht oder an ihren freien Enden aus einer Radialebene heraus in axialer Richtung abgewinkelt sind. Dabei sind diese unterschiedlichen Messergestaltungen auch mit- einander kombinierbar. Jedes der vorgenannten Merkmale einer Abwinklung oder Verdrehung des Messerblattes hat den Effekt, daß dem Material, welches durch die Messer durchschnitten wird, auch eine seitliche Bewegungskomponente mitgegeben wird. Ungeachtet einer etwaigen Profilierung weist jedes Messer eine vordere Kante, eine hintere Kante sowie zwei entgegenge- setzt liegende Seitenflächen auf, welche die vordere und die hintere Kante miteinander verbinden. Die vorstehende definierte Verdrehung oder Abwinkelung der Messer bezieht sich jeweils auf eine oder beide dieser Seitenflächen.It is particularly preferred if the knives are designed so that they also give the material to be crushed in addition to the rotation direction corresponding forward pulse and a slight lateral pulse. This can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the individual knives, which consist essentially of wear-resistant, flat, strip-shaped elements, are either slightly twisted out of a radial plane, twisted in their longitudinal direction or at their free ends out of a radial plane Axial direction are angled. These different knife designs are also combinable. Each of the aforementioned features of an angling or twisting of the knife blade has the effect that the material which is cut through the knife, also a lateral component of movement is given. Regardless of any profiling, each knife has a leading edge, a trailing edge, and two opposing side surfaces interconnecting the leading and trailing edges. The above defined twisting or angulation of the blades relates to one or both of these side surfaces, respectively.
Dabei ist eine Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung besonders bevorzugt, bei welcher die Zahl der in der einen Richtung verdrehten oder abgewinkelten Messer in etwa gleich der Zahl der in der jeweils entgegengesetzten Richtung verdrehten oder abgewinkelten Messer ist, so daß sich die dem Material insgesamt mitgegebenen Bewegungskomponenten senkrecht zu der eigentlichen Transportrichtung im wesentlichen aufheben, wobei durch diese entgegengesetzten seitlichen Bewegungen ein besserer Zerkleinerungseffekt erzielt wird, ins- besondere auch dadurch, daß ein Teil des von einem Messer durchschnittenen Materials, welches nicht unmittelbar von dem Messer beaufschlagt wird, etwas in seitlicher Richtung abgelenkt und damit genau in die Bewegungsbahn eines in Umfangsrichtung und axialer Richtung nachfolgenden bzw. benachbarten Messers gebracht wird.In this case, an embodiment of the device according to the invention is particularly preferred, in which the number of twisted in one direction or angled knife is approximately equal to the number of twisted in the opposite direction or angled knife, so that the total material entrained motion components perpendicular essentially cancel the direction of transport, whereby a better comminution effect is achieved by these opposite lateral movements, in particular also by a part of the material cut by a knife, which is not acted on directly by the knife, deflecting somewhat in the lateral direction and thus exactly in the trajectory of a subsequent circumferential and axial direction or adjacent knife is brought.
Bei der Variante mit abgewinkelten Enden ist es bevorzugt, wenn die abgewinkelten Enden sich über weniger als ein Viertel der radialen Messerlänge erstrecken. Die Abwinkelung sollte weniger als 30°, insbesondere weniger als 20°, jedoch nach Möglichkeit auch über 3°, z.B. zwischen etwa 5° und 10°, betragen. Alternativ könnten die Enden auch gekrümmt verlaufen, wobei die Krümmung in der Weise gestaltet ist, daß eine Tangente an dem gekrümmten Bereich an der Spitze des Messers um maximal 30° von der Radialrichtung abweicht.In the variant with angled ends, it is preferred if the angled ends extend over less than a quarter of the radial blade length. The bend should be less than 30 °, in particular less than 20 °, but if possible also over 3 °, e.g. between about 5 ° and 10 °. Alternatively, the ends could also be curved, the curvature being such that a tangent at the curved region at the tip of the knife deviates by a maximum of 30 ° from the radial direction.
Es versteht sich, daß an ein und demselben Rotor sowohl Messer mit abgewinkelten Enden als auch einfache gerade, flache Messer gleichzeitig angeordnet sein können, wobei es generell bevorzugt ist, wenn von den Messern, welche abgewinkelte Enden aufweisen, jeweils die Hälfte in der einen und die andere Hälfte in der anderen Richtung abgewinkelt ist.It is understood that both knives with angled ends and simple straight, flat blades can be arranged simultaneously on one and the same rotor, wherein it is generally preferred if of the knives having angled ends, in each case half in the one and the other half is angled in the other direction.
Dabei ist es besonders bevorzugt, wenn auf gleicher axialer Höhe angeordnete und in Umfangsrichtung aufeinanderfolgende Messer jeweils in entgegengesetzten Richtungen abgewinkelt sind, wobei auch Abfolgen möglich sind, bei denen jeweils zwei in Umfangsrichtung aufein- anderfolgende Messer in der einen und die nächsten zwei in Umfangsrichtung folgenden Messer in der anderen Richtung abgewinkelt sind. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die einzelnen Rotorelemente, welche entweder 2, 4, 6 oder 8 Messer aufweisen, jeweils identisch ausgestaltet, so daß eine Mehrzahl von axial hintereinander ausgerichteten, gleichartigen Rotorelementen den Rotor bilden. Wie bereits erwähnt, weisen die Ro- torelemente zweckmäßigerweise einen zentralen Ring auf, der auf eine passende Welle aufgeschoben wird, wobei eine Variante besonders bevorzugt ist, bei welcher der Ring einen radial einwärts ragenden Vorsprung aufweist, der passend in eine sich axial oder auch leicht spiralförmig oder wellenförmig entlang der Welle erstreckende Nut eingeschoben wird. Wenn ein entsprechender Vorsprung an dem Ring bezüglich der Messer immer in derselben Winkelposition angeordnet ist, so bedeutet dies, daß auch die einzelnen Messer axial aufeinander folgender Rotorelemente dem Verlauf der Nut entlang der Welle folgen.It is particularly preferred if arranged at the same axial height and circumferentially successive knives are angled in opposite directions, whereby sequences are possible, in each case two sequentially successive in the following knives in the following one and the next two in the circumferential direction Knives are angled in the other direction. Conveniently, the individual rotor elements, which have either 2, 4, 6 or 8 knives, each configured identically, so that a plurality of axially aligned one behind the other, similar rotor elements form the rotor. As already mentioned, the rotor elements expediently have a central ring, which is pushed onto a suitable shaft, with a variant being particularly preferred, in which the ring has a projection protruding radially inward, fitting into one axially or else easily spirally or wavy along the shaft extending groove is inserted. If a corresponding projection on the ring with respect to the knife is always arranged in the same angular position, this means that the individual blades of axially successive rotor elements follow the course of the groove along the shaft.
Selbstverständlich könnte an der Welle auch eine radial vorspringende Leiste oder dergleichen vorgesehen sein, die in eine entsprechende Nut im Innenumfang der Ringe der Rotorelemente eingreift.Of course, could also be provided on the shaft, a radially projecting bar or the like, which engages in a corresponding groove in the inner circumference of the rings of the rotor elements.
Generell ist es jedoch bevorzugt, wenn die axial miteinander ausgerichteten Messer, die gegebenenfalls anstelle einer exakten axialen Ausrichtung auch leicht spiralförmig oder wellenförmig verlaufen könnten, jeweils identisch ausgebildete Messer haben, d.h. Messer, deren Spitzen jeweils in die gleiche Richtung abgewinkelt sind, während eine Gruppe von Messern, die zu der erstgenannten Gruppe in Umfangsrichtung benachbart ist, eine Abwinklung oder auch Verdrehung in einer anderen Richtung aufweisen könnte, wobei aber jedenfalls die Messer einer solchen in axialer Richtung im wesentlichen hintereinander ausgerichteten Gruppe jeweils identisch sind. Diese Ausgestaltung ist besonders platzsparend und hat gleichmäßige Spaltbreiten zwischen benachbarten Messern derselben Umfangsposition.In general, however, it is preferred that the axially aligned knives, which could optionally also be slightly helical or wavy instead of an exact axial orientation, each have identically formed knives, i. Knives whose tips are each angled in the same direction, while a group of blades that is adjacent to the former group in the circumferential direction, could have an angling or twisting in another direction, but in any case the blades of such in the axial direction are essentially identical in each case substantially aligned group. This embodiment is particularly space-saving and has uniform gap widths between adjacent blades of the same circumferential position.
Als eine mögliche Alternative oder auch Ergänzung zu den abgewinkelten bzw. verdrehten Enden der Messer ist eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung bevorzugt, bei welcher der Rotor axial bewegbar gelagert ist, wobei Einrichtungen vorgesehen sind, die dem Rotor während der Dre- hung eine oszillatorische Axialbewegung mitgeben. Die oszillatorische Axialbewegung wird dann der Rotationsbewegung der Messer überlagert, so daß die Messer während des Durchschneidens des zu zerkleinernden Materials gleichzeitig auch eine Bewegungskomponente in Axialrichtung, d.h. quer zur Förderrichtung des Materials, haben und so in ähnlicher Weise wie Abwinklungen oder Verdrehungen der Messerspitze dem zu zerkleinernden Material eine leich- te seitliche Komponente bezüglich der Förderrichtung mitgeben. Bei dem entsprechenden Verfahren, welches der Rotationsbewegung die axiale Hin- und Herbewegung des Rotors überlagert, wird zweckmäßigerweise die Frequenz der Oszillationsbewegung mit der Rotationsbewegung synchronisiert. Dabei beträgt in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung die axiale Oszillationsfrequenz vorzugsweise zwischen dem Ein- und dem Vierfachen der Rotationsfrequenz, wobei der Faktor zwischen Rotationsfrequenz und Oszillationsfrequenz zweckmäßigerweise von der Anzahl der entlang des Umfangs des Rotors verteilten Messerreihen abhängig gemacht wird. In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt die Oszillationsfrequenz das m-fache der Rotationsfrequenz, wobei m gleich der Anzahl n der in verschiedenen Winkelpositionen angeordneten Messerreihen, geteilt durch zwei, ist (m = n/2). Die axiale Hin- und Herbewegung erfolgt dabei vorzugsweise sinusförmig, wobei zweckmäßigerweise der gesamte Rotor einschließlich seiner Lager axial hin- und herbewegbar angeordnet ist und die entsprechende Rotorhalterung insgesamt mit der erwähnten Frequenz axial hin und herbewegt wird.As a possible alternative or supplement to the angled or twisted ends of the knife, an embodiment of the invention is preferred in which the rotor is mounted axially movable, wherein means are provided which impart an oscillatory axial movement to the rotor during the rotation. The oscillatory axial movement is then superimposed on the rotational movement of the knife so that the knives during the cutting of the material to be crushed at the same time also have a component of movement in the axial direction, ie transverse to the conveying direction of the material, and so in a similar manner as bends or twists of the blade tip to crushing material give a light lateral component with respect to the conveying direction. In the corresponding method, which superimposes the rotational movement on the axial reciprocating motion of the rotor, the frequency of the oscillatory movement is expediently synchronized with the rotational movement. In this case, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the axial oscillation frequency is preferably between one and four times the rotational frequency, wherein the factor between rotational frequency and oscillation frequency is expediently made dependent on the number of rows of blades distributed along the circumference of the rotor. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the oscillation frequency is m times the rotational frequency, where m equals the number n of rows of blades arranged at different angular positions divided by two (m = n / 2). The axial reciprocating motion is preferably sinusoidal, wherein expediently the entire rotor, including its bearings, is axially reciprocable and the corresponding rotor holder is moved axially back and forth overall with the frequency mentioned.
Dabei erfolgt die Synchronisation vorzugsweise in der Weise, daß die Geschwindigkeit der axialen Oszillationsbewegung gerade dann maximal ist, wenn sich eine Messerreihe (= Gruppe von Messer in im wesentlichen derselben Winkelposition bezüglich der Rotorachse) in ihrer tiefsten Position in Eingriff mit dem Agglomerat befindet. Bei Verwendung der obigen Regel für das Verhältnis der Oszillationsfrequenz zu Rotationsfrequenz des Rotors führt dies im Ergebnis da- zu, daß eine Messerreihe das Agglomerat in die eine Richtung und die nächstfolgende Messerreihe das Agglomerat in die andere Richtung seitlich bewegt, wobei allerdings nach wie vor die Hauptkomponente der dem Agglomerat mitgegebenen Bewegung in oder entgegen der Förderrichtung verläuft, weil die konkreten (maximalen) Geschwindigkeiten der axialen Oszillationsbewegung in der Praxis klein sind im Verhältnis zur Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Messerspitzen.In this case, the synchronization is preferably carried out in such a way that the speed of the axial oscillation movement is maximum even when a row of knives (= group of knives in substantially the same angular position with respect to the rotor axis) is in its lowest position in engagement with the agglomerate. The result of using the above rule for the ratio of the oscillation frequency to the rotational frequency of the rotor is that one row of blades laterally moves the agglomerate in one direction and the next row of blades moves the agglomerate in the other direction Main component of the movement imparted agglomerate in or against the conveying direction, because the actual (maximum) speeds of the axial oscillatory movement in practice are small in relation to the rotational speed of the blade tips.
Die Amplitude der axialen Oszillationsbewegung sollte in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform nicht mehr als der axiale Wiederholabstand benachbarter Messer der gleichen Winkelposition betragen, vorzugsweise sollte die Amplitude nur bei etwa 1/3 bis 2/3 des axialen Wiederholabstandes der Messer betragen.The amplitude of the axial oscillatory motion in the preferred embodiment should not be more than the axial repeat distance of adjacent blades of the same angular position, preferably the amplitude should be only about 1/3 to 2/3 of the axial pitch of the blades.
Unter Berücksichtigung der bereits erwähnten bevorzugten Maße für den Axialabstand und den Rotordurchmesser und bei Verwendung eines Rotors mit vier Messerreihen, also beispielsweise der Rotorelemente nach Figur 3 und 4 in der Anordnung nach Figur 5 rechts, ergibt sich aus den Angaben für die Rotationsfrequenz, dem bevorzugten Wiederholabstand und dem typi- sehen Durchmesser entsprechende Rotoren, daß dann die maximale Axialgeschwindigkeit im allgemeinen zwischen 1/10 und 1/20 der Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Messerspitze liegt, wobei allerdings auch ein größerer Bereich von 1/5 bis 1/50 für das Verhältnis dieser Geschwindigkeiten zueinander sinnvoll genutzt werden kann.Taking into account the already mentioned preferred dimensions for the axial distance and the rotor diameter and when using a rotor with four rows of blades, so for example, the rotor elements of Figure 3 and 4 in the arrangement of Figure 5 right, resulting from the information for the rotational frequency, the preferred Repeat distance and the typical see diameter corresponding rotors, that then the maximum axial velocity is generally between 1/10 and 1/20 of the rotational speed of the blade tip, wherein However, a larger range of 1/5 to 1/50 can be used meaningfully for the ratio of these speeds to each other.
In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der entsprechende Rotor in einem quer zur Rotorachse länglich ausgebildeten und auf eine Fördereinrichtung aufsetzbaren Gehäuse untergebracht.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the corresponding rotor is housed in a longitudinally transversely to the rotor axis formed and can be placed on a conveyor housing.
Das Gehäuse ist dabei so ausgestaltet, daß es einen Raum oberhalb einer Fördereinrichtung, beispielsweise eines Förderbandes, nach oben und seitlich abschließt, wobei die Seitenwände des Gehäuses sich in der Nähe der Ränder des Förderbandes bis unmittelbar oberhalb dieses Förderbandes erstrecken und wobei das Gehäuse im Bereich des Rotors eine lichte Höhe hat, die zweckmäßigerweise zwischen dem 1,5 und 3-fachen des Rotordurchmessers liegt, insbesondere zwischen dem 1,7 und 2,3-fachen dieser Höhe.The housing is designed so that it closes a space above a conveyor, such as a conveyor belt, upwards and laterally, wherein the side walls of the housing extending in the vicinity of the edges of the conveyor belt to just above this conveyor belt and wherein the housing in the area the rotor has a clear height, which is expediently between 1.5 and 3 times the rotor diameter, in particular between 1.7 and 2.3 times this height.
Die Länge des Gehäuses beträgt dabei ein Mehrfaches seiner Höhe, da in der bevorzugten Ausrichtung des Rotors das zu zerkleinernde Material durch die rotierenden Messer nach vorn geworfen wird und im Abstand von den Messern besser aufgefangen werden kann. Zweckmäßigerweise wird hierzu ein Vorhang aus flexiblem Bahnmaterial verwendet, der in einem Abstand, welcher einem Mehrfachen und mindestens dem Doppelten des Rotordurchmessers ent- spricht, am Ende oder kurz vor dem Ende des Gehäuses herabhängt und auf der Fördereinrichtung bzw. dem darauf transportierten Material aufliegt. Dieser Vorhang aus flexiblem Material kann insbesondere auch aus mehreren parallelen Streifen bestehen und es können gegebenenfalls auch in kurzem Abstand hintereinander zwei oder mehr derartige Vorhänge angeordnet sein, um sicherzustellen, daß keinerlei Material mit hoher Geschwindigkeit nach vorn aus dem Gehäuse ausgeworfen wird.The length of the housing is a multiple of its height, since in the preferred orientation of the rotor, the material to be crushed is thrown by the rotating blades forward and can be better caught at a distance from the blades. For this purpose, a curtain made of flexible sheet material is expediently used which hangs down at a distance which corresponds to a multiple and at least twice the rotor diameter at the end or shortly before the end of the housing and rests on the conveyor or the material transported thereon. In particular, this curtain of flexible material may consist of a plurality of parallel strips and, if desired, two or more such curtains may be arranged in short distance one behind the other to ensure that no material is ejected at high speed forward from the housing.
Auch die Oberseite des Gehäuses ist zweckmäßigerweise mit einem flexiblen und vorzugsweise verschleißfesten Bahnmaterial ausgekleidet, wobei unter Auskleidung hier allerdings kein enger Kontakt oder gar eine Beschichtung der Gehäuseinnenwand zu verstehen ist, sondern vielmehr dieses flexible Bahnmaterial lose von der Oberseite des Gehäuses herabhängt bzw. im Abstand unter der oberen Gehäuseinnenwand lose aufgehängt ist.The upper side of the housing is expediently lined with a flexible and preferably wear-resistant sheet material, whereby here, however, no close contact or even a coating of the housing inner wall is to be understood by lining, but rather this flexible sheet material hangs loosely from the upper side of the housing or at a distance loosely suspended under the upper housing inner wall.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß eine solche, lose herabhängende Materialbahn Anbackungen wesentlich besser verhindert als irgendeine Antihaftbeschichtung oder feste Auskleidung der Gehäuseinnenwand. Dies liegt insbesondere daran, daß durch Bewegungen, die das flexibleIt has been found that such a loosely-hanging material web prevents caking much better than any non-stick coating or solid lining of the housing inner wall. This is due in particular to the fact that, through movements, the flexible
Bahnmaterial allein durch auftreffende Materialteilchen erfährt, eventuell anhaftendes Material immer wieder abplatzt. Dies kann man gegebenenfalls auch noch durch gezieltes, aktives Bewegen der flexiblen Materialbahn unterstützen. Auch hier kann diese lose herabhängende Bahn wiederum aus mehreren, parallelen Streifen bestehen, die noch beweglicher und flexibler sind als alle durchgehenden Bahnen in voller Breite. Selbstverständlich sind auch für die flexible Bahn verschleißfeste Materialien mit möglichst geringer Haftfähigkeit für Materialanbackungen bevorzugt.Web material alone by impinging material particles undergoes, possibly adhering material always flaking off. If necessary, this can also be supported by targeted, active movement of the flexible material web. Again, this loosely hanging web may in turn consist of several parallel strips that are even more flexible and flexible than all continuous webs in full width. Of course, wear-resistant materials with the lowest possible adhesion for material caking are also preferred for the flexible web.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Rotor mit den oben genannten Merkmalen verwendet wird, wobei in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Rotor so angeordnet wird, daß die Messer beim Eingriff in das auf einem unter dem Rotor transportierte Material in Förderrichtung durch dieses Material hindurch bewegt werden. Insbesondere diese Relativbewegung der durch das Material hindurchtretenden Messer bei gleichzeitigem Transport des Materials entlang einer Förderrichtung ist es auch, die bei abgewinkelten Messerspitzen effektiv dem Material eine seitliche Bewegungskomponente mitgibt.The inventive method is characterized in that a rotor is used with the above features, wherein in a preferred embodiment, the rotor is arranged so that the blade moves in engagement in the conveyed on a material transported under the rotor in the conveying direction through this material become. In particular, this relative movement of the knife passing through the material with simultaneous transport of the material along a conveying direction is also the case, which effectively gives the material a lateral component of movement in the case of angled knife tips.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die betreffende Vorrichtung auf eine Förderrichtung aufgesetzt, wobei darauf zu achten ist, daß die Messer in das auf einem Förderband oder einer ähnlichen Bahn transportierte Material eingreifen, dabei jedoch auf jeden Fall einen Sicherheitsabstand zu dem Förderband selbst einhalten, um dieses nicht zu beschädigen.According to the invention, the device in question is placed in a conveying direction, wherein care must be taken that the blades engage in the transported on a conveyor belt or similar material, but in any case maintain a safe distance from the conveyor itself, so as not to damage ,
Die Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten an den äußeren Enden der Messer liegt zweckmäßig zwischen 5 und 20 m/s, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 und 15 m/s. Dabei liegt die Fördergeschwindigkeit in der Größenordnung von 0,5 bis 2 m/s, insbesondere etwa 1 m/s. Bei abweichender Fördergeschwindigkeit kann auch die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Rotors entsprechend angepaßt wer- den, so daß sich insgesamt die oben genannten Relativgeschwindigkeiten ergeben, die aber auch materialabhängig sein und insofern von den obigen Werten abweichen können.The peripheral speeds at the outer ends of the knife is suitably between 5 and 20 m / s, preferably between 10 and 15 m / s. The conveying speed is on the order of 0.5 to 2 m / s, in particular about 1 m / s. If the conveying speed differs, the rotational speed of the rotor can also be adapted accordingly so that overall the above-mentioned relative speeds result, which however can also be material-dependent and thus deviate from the above values.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird das Material durch die Messer nicht nur in Rotationsrichtung der Messer, sondern auch senkrecht hierzu hin- und herbewegt, während die Messer das Material durchschneiden. Dies geschieht vor allem durch Verwendung entsprechend geformter Messer.Conveniently, the material is reciprocated by the blades not only in the direction of rotation of the blades, but also perpendicular thereto, while the blades cut through the material. This is done mainly by using appropriately shaped knives.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Erfindung werden deutlich anhand der folgenden Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform und der dazugehörigen Figuren. Es zeigen: Figur 1 eine Seitenansicht einer auf einem Gurtförderer und in einem Gehäuse montierten Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung,Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and the associated figures. Show it: FIG. 1 is a side view of a crushing device mounted on a belt conveyor and in a housing;
Figur 2 eine Vorderansicht der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Figur 1 ,FIG. 2 shows a front view of the comminuting device according to FIG. 1,
Figur 3 eine Draufsicht auf ein Rotorelement, Figur 4 eine Seitenansicht eines Rotorelementes undFigure 3 is a plan view of a rotor element, Figure 4 is a side view of a rotor element and
Figur 5 schematisch eine Seitenansicht einer Variante mit mehreren hintereinander und oberhalb eines Gurtes montierten Rotoren bzw. Rotorelementen.FIG. 5 schematically shows a side view of a variant with a plurality of rotors or rotor elements mounted one behind the other and above a belt.
Die erfindungsgemäße Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung wird in Figur 1 in Seitenansicht und in Figur 2 in Vorderansicht dargestellt. Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Rotor 7 und ist mittels eines Tragrahmens 2 auf einem Gurtförderer 3 befestigt. Das Fördergut, wie z. B. Gießereiformsand, liegt auf einem flachlaufenden Gurt 4 auf, der sich über Tragrollen 5 auf dem Rahmen des Gurtförderers 6 abstützt. Der Rotor 7 bzw. dessen Welle 13 wird seitlich in Lagern 8 gehalten, die am Tragrahmen 2 befestigt sind. Der Antrieb des Rotors 7 erfolgt über einen Motor 9 mit Keilriemengetriebe 10. Der Motor 9 wird auf einer Motorwippe 11 befestigt, so daß das Keilriemengetriebe 10 über eine Druckschraube 12 gespannt werden kann. Auf der zentralen Welle 13 des Rotors 7 sind Rotorelemente 14 befestigt, die messerartige Zerkleinerungsmittel, kurz als „Messer 24" bezeichnet, mit abgewinkelten Enden 27 aufweisen. Zwischen dem äußeren Ende der Zerkleinerungsmittel und dem Gurt 4 kann ein Spalt über eine entspre- chend höhenverstellbare Haltevorrichtung 15 eingestellt werden. Das Abdeckgehäuse (16) der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung wird zwischen dem Tragrahmen 2 aufgespannt. Um den Austritt von Sand in Drehrichtung des Rotors 7 zu verhindern, wird das Abdeckgehäuse 16 in Drehrichtung des Rotors 7 lang ausgebildet und hat hinter dem Rotor beispielsweise noch eine Länge, die etwa das 4 - θfache des Rotordurchmessers beträgt.The crushing device according to the invention is shown in Figure 1 in side view and in Figure 2 in front view. The crushing device consists essentially of a rotor 7 and is secured by means of a support frame 2 on a belt conveyor 3. The conveyed, such. B. foundry sand, rests on a flat-running belt 4, which is supported on support rollers 5 on the frame of the belt conveyor 6. The rotor 7 or its shaft 13 is held laterally in bearings 8 which are fixed to the support frame 2. The drive of the rotor 7 via a motor 9 with V-belt transmission 10. The motor 9 is mounted on a motor rocker 11, so that the V-belt 10 can be tensioned via a pressure screw 12. Mounted on the central shaft 13 of the rotor 7 are rotor elements 14 having knife-like shredding means, referred to as "knives 24" for short, with angled ends 27. Between the outer end of the shredding means and the belt 4 there may be a gap over a correspondingly height-adjustable Holding device 15. The cover housing (16) of the comminution device is clamped between the support frame 2. In order to prevent the escape of sand in the direction of rotation of the rotor 7, the cover housing 16 is made long in the direction of rotation of the rotor 7 and still has, for example, behind the rotor a length which is about 4 - fach times the rotor diameter.
Der Innenraum des Abdeckgehäuses 16 wird mit einem Vorhang aus flexiblem Material 17, wie beispielsweise Gummi, versehen. In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird dieser Vorhang aus parallel angeordneten Streifen des flexiblen Materials gefertigt, die in Längs- oder Querrichtung von dem Abdeckgehäuse 16, d. h. von den Seitenwänden oder von der oberen Wand, abge- hängt werden. Der Vorhang 17 wird beispielsweise über Klemmleisten 18 an dem Abdeckgehäuse 16 befestigt. Am Ende des Abdeckgehäuses in Drehrichtung des Rotors (hier gemeint als die Bewegungsrichtung der Messer 24 im jeweils unteren, mit dem Agglomerat in Eingriff befindlichen Abschnitten) wird der Vorhang so abgehängt, daß er schleifend auf dem Gurt bzw. dem Fördergut aufliegt und so einen unerwünschten Austritt von Produkt, welches von der schnell laufenden Rotor 7 in geringen Teilmengen hochgeschleudert wird, in Förderrichtung des Förderbandes verhindert. Um einen Produktaustritt ganz sicher zu verhindern, können zwei oder mehrere Vorhänge 19 aus flexiblem Material hintereinander angebracht werden.The interior of the cover 16 is provided with a curtain of flexible material 17, such as rubber. In the preferred embodiment, this curtain is made up of parallel strips of flexible material suspended in the longitudinal or transverse direction from the cover 16, ie from the side walls or from the top wall. The curtain 17 is fastened to the cover housing 16, for example via terminal strips 18. At the end of the cover housing in the direction of rotation of the rotor (here referred to as the direction of movement of the blades 24 in each lower, engaged with the agglomerate sections), the curtain is suspended so that it rubs on the belt or the conveyed and so an undesirable Outlet of product, which is thrown up by the fast-running rotor 7 in small subsets, in the conveying direction of the Conveyor belt prevented. In order to prevent product leakage with certainty, two or more curtains 19 of flexible material can be attached one behind the other.
Die Drehung des Rotors 7 erfolgt vorzugsweise in einer Richtung, die im unteren Eingriffsbe- reich des Rotors mit der Transportrichtung des Gurtes 4 des Gurtförderers 3 übereinstimmt. Ein Betrieb in gegensinniger Richtung ist allerdings ebenso möglich, wenn auch derzeit nicht bevorzugt.The rotation of the rotor 7 preferably takes place in a direction which coincides with the transport direction of the belt 4 of the belt conveyor 3 in the lower engagement region of the rotor. However, operation in the opposite direction is also possible, although not currently preferred.
Die Form des Gehäuses ist in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform in Richtung Austrittsöffnung des Gurtes 4 keilförmig verjüngt, wobei die Höhe oberhalb des Gurtes 4 im Bereich des Rotors 7 zwischen dem 1,5 und 3-fachen des Rotordurchmessers D, vorzugsweise zwischen dem 1 ,7 und 2,3-fachen des Durchmessers D, beträgt. Im Austrittsbereich am Vorhang 19 beträgt die Höhe oberhalb des Gurtes 4 zwischen dem 0,5 und 1 ,5-fachen des Durchmessers D des Rotors 7, vorzugsweise zwischen dem 0,7 und 1,3-fachen des Durchmessers D.The shape of the housing is tapered wedge-shaped in the preferred embodiment in the direction of the outlet opening of the belt 4, wherein the height above the belt 4 in the region of the rotor 7 between 1.5 and 3 times the rotor diameter D, preferably between the 1, 7 and 2.3 times the diameter D, is. In the exit area on the curtain 19, the height above the belt 4 is between 0.5 and 1.5 times the diameter D of the rotor 7, preferably between 0.7 and 1.3 times the diameter D.
Die seitliche Abdichtung der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 1 auf dem Gurt 4 erfolgt durch Gummilippen 20, die auf dem Gurt 4 schleifend am Gehäuse 16 befestigt sind. Die Einstellung des Dichtspaltes erfolgt bei Verwendung der Gummilippen beispielsweise über Verschraubungen mittels Klemmleisten 21 , die mit Langlöchern versehen sind.The lateral sealing of the crushing device 1 on the belt 4 is carried out by rubber lips 20 which are attached to the belt 4 grinding on the housing 16. The setting of the sealing gap is carried out when using the rubber lips, for example via screws by means of terminal strips 21, which are provided with slots.
Der Rotor 7 besteht aus einer Vielzahl von nebeneinander auf der zentralen Welle 13 aufgereihter Rotorelemente 14. Die Rotorelemente 14 können austauschbar oder auch nicht austauschbar mit der zentralen Welle 13 verbunden sein. Weiterhin kann der komplette Rotor 4 aus einem Stück gefertigt sein. In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Rotorelemente 14 lösbar mit der zentralen Welle 13 verbunden und haben jeweils um 45°, 60°, 90° oder 180° zueinander versetzte Rotorflügel bzw. Messer 24. Der zwischen den Messern 24 bzw. zwischen den Rotorelementen 14 notwendige Abstand wird über dazwischen befindliche Abstandshalter 22 eingestellt. Neben den oben angegebenen Winkelanordnungen der Messer 24 sind auch beliebige andere Winkeleinstellungen möglich. Die axial unmittelbar nebeneinander unter der gleichen Winkelposition angeordneten, abgewinkelten Enden 27 der Messer 24 zeigen dabei jeweils in die gleiche Richtung, während die Enden 27 der in einer (bezüglich der Achse der Welle 13) anderen festen Winkelposition angeordneten Messer 24 gemeinsam in die entgegengesetzte Richtung abgewinkelt sindThe rotor 7 consists of a plurality of juxtaposed on the central shaft 13 rotor elements 14. The rotor elements 14 may be interchangeable or not interchangeable connected to the central shaft 13. Furthermore, the complete rotor 4 can be made in one piece. In the preferred embodiment, the rotor elements 14 are releasably connected to the central shaft 13 and each have rotor blades or blades 24 offset by 45 °, 60 °, 90 ° or 180 ° from each other. The rotor blade or blade 24 is required between the blades 24 and between the rotor elements 14 Distance is adjusted via spacers 22 located therebetween. In addition to the above-mentioned angle arrangements of the blade 24 also any other angle settings are possible. The axially juxtaposed under the same angular position, angled ends 27 of the blades 24 each show in the same direction, while the ends 27 of the arranged in a (relative to the axis of the shaft 13) other fixed angular position knife 24 together in the opposite direction are angled
Eine bevorzugte Variante des Rotorelementes 14 in einer (axialen) Draufsicht zeigt Figur 3. Die dazugehörige, radiale Seitenansicht zeigt Figur 4. Ein beispielsweise aus einem Blech oder einer Platte mit einem zentralen Ring 23 ausgeschnittener Streifen, der ein Rotorelement 14 bildet, besitzt zwei in entgegengesetzter Richtung angeordnete messerartige Arme, im folgenden kurz als Messer 24 bezeichnet. Am Innenrand 25 des ringförmigen Ausschnitts 23 ist eine Nase 26 angeformt, die über eine entsprechende Nut auf der zentralen Welle eine verdrehsi- chere Montage erlaubt.FIG. 3 shows a preferred variant of the rotor element 14 in an (axial) plan view. The associated radial side view is shown in FIG a plate with a central ring 23 cut strip, which forms a rotor element 14, has two arranged in the opposite direction knife-like arms, hereinafter referred to briefly as a knife 24. On the inner edge 25 of the annular cutout 23, a nose 26 is formed, which allows a verdrehsi- chere mounting via a corresponding groove on the central shaft.
Die Enden 27 der Messer 24 sind in entgegengesetzter Richtung um einen Winkel α aus der Ebene hinaus abgewinkelt. Der Winkel α beträgt zwischen 3° und 20°, bevorzugt zwischen 5° und 10°.The ends 27 of the blades 24 are angled in the opposite direction by an angle α out of the plane. The angle α is between 3 ° and 20 °, preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.
Der in Figur 2 dargestellte Rotor ist aus den Rotorelementen 14 aufgebaut, wie sie in den Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellt sind. Dabei sind zwei axial unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgende Rotorelemente 14 jeweils um 90° gegeneinander verdreht, so daß sich in der axialen Draufsicht eine Gestalt des Rotors ergibt, wie sie bei dem in Figur 5 rechts erkennbaren Rotor zu sehen ist. Dabei sind die vier Rotorarme bzw. Messer 24, wie dies auch in Figur 5 rechts gezeigt ist, an zwei axial hintereinander angeordneten Rotorelementringen 23 angeordnet, wobei immer zwei Messer 24 paarweise gegenüberliegend einstückig mit einem solchen Ring 23 ausgebildet sind und die betreffenden Ringe jeweils um 90° gegeneinander verdreht sind, wie man dies auch anhand der Nasen 26 erkennen kann, die in zwei entsprechende, achsparallel verlaufende Nu- ten einer zentralen Welle 13 eingreifen. Auf diese Weise können alle Rotorelemente 14 identisch hergestellt werden in der in den Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellten Ausgestaltung, wobei die vier einzelnen Messer 24, die jeweils an vier verschiedenen Winkelpositionen zwei verschiedenen Axial Positionen hintereinander angeordnet sind, jeweils an zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Positionen in der einen Richtung und in den nächsten beiden aufeinanderfolgenden Positionen in der anderen Richtung abgewinkelt sind. Es wäre jedoch ebensogut möglich, die Abwinklung der Messerspitzen 27 an jedem der Rotorelemente 14 jeweils in die gleiche Richtung vorzunehmen und dann die jeweils um 90° gegeneinander verdrehten und axial unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgenden Rotorelemente 14 relativ zueinander auch um ihre Längsachse zu verdrehen, so daß für zwei unmittelbar benachbart angeordnete Rotorelemente die Abwinkelungsrichtung der Messerspitzen nach jeweils 90° in Umfangsrichtung wechselt.The rotor illustrated in FIG. 2 is constructed from the rotor elements 14, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. In this case, two axially immediately successive rotor elements 14 are each rotated by 90 ° from each other, so that there is a shape of the rotor in the axial plan view, as can be seen in the right in Figure 5 rotor. The four rotor arms or knives 24, as shown in Figure 5 right, arranged on two axially successively arranged rotor element rings 23, wherein two knives 24 are formed in pairs opposite one piece with such a ring 23 and the respective rings in each case 90 ° are rotated against each other, as can be seen also on the basis of the lugs 26, which engage in two corresponding, axially parallel Nuten a central shaft 13 th. In this way, all the rotor elements 14 can be made identical in the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, wherein the four individual knives 24, each arranged at four different angular positions two different axial positions one behind the other, each at two successive positions in the one Direction and in the next two consecutive positions in the other direction are angled. However, it would also be possible to make the angling of the blade tips 27 on each of the rotor elements 14 in the same direction and then to rotate about 90 ° against each other and axially axially contiguous rotor elements 14 relative to each other about its longitudinal axis, so that for two arranged immediately adjacent rotor elements, the Abwinkelungsrichtung the blade tips after every 90 ° in the circumferential direction changes.
Es versteht sich, daß bei der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsform, bei welcher die Rotorelemente 14 jeweils zwei Messer 24 gemäß Figur 3 und 4 aufweisen, wobei jeweils zwei aufeinander folgende Rotorelemente, wie in Figur 5 rechts erkennbar, um 90° um die Achse bzw. Welle 13 des Rotors 7 gegeneinander verdreht sind, der Wiederholabstand der in einer Reihe benachbarten Messer 24 das Doppelte des Wiederholabstandes der Rotorelemente 14 beträgt. Auf zusätzliche Abstandhalter zwischen den Rotorelementen kann man bei einer solchen Ausführungsform oder anderen aus zweiflügligen Rotorelementen 14 aufgebauten Rotoren eventuell ganz verzichten.It is understood that in the embodiment described above, in which the rotor elements 14 each have two blades 24 according to Figures 3 and 4, wherein each two successive rotor elements, as shown in Figure 5 right recognizable, by 90 ° about the axis or shaft 13 of the rotor 7 are rotated against each other, the repetition distance of the adjacent blade 24 in a row is twice the Wiederholabstandes the rotor elements 14. Additional spacers between the rotor elements may possibly be dispensed with altogether in such an embodiment or in other rotors constructed from two-winged rotor elements 14.
In weiteren nicht dargestellten Varianten und unabhängig von der einstückigen Ausgestaltung mit dem (bzw. ohne den) zentralen Ring 23, sind neben der abgewinkelten Form der Enden auch aus der Ebene des Blechstreifens (Papierebene in Figur 3) leicht herausgedrehte Enden, d. h. in sich verdrehte Messer 24 möglich. Die flügelartigen Messer können aber auch insgesamt um einen gewissen (festen) Winkel aus der Papierebene der Figur 3 herausgedreht sein. Wobei in beiden vorgenannten Fällen der Verdrehwinkel einen Maximalwert von 30°, vorzugsweise von 10°, nicht übersteigen sollte. Bei in sich verdrehten Messern ist es im Übrigen sinnvoll, wenn der Verdrehwinkel an dem näher zur Achse liegenden Ende des Messers maximal und an der Messerspitze minimal ist, da die Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Messerspitze größer ist und damit auch der Impulsübertrag in axialer Richtung bei gleichem Verdrehwinkel an der Mes- serspitze höher ist als an den näher zur Achse hin gelegenen Abschnitten. Allerdings wird es in den meisten praktischen Fällen auf den Verdrehwinkel der Messer in einem nahe der Achse bzw. Welle 13 gelegenen Abschnitt der Messer 24 nicht ankommen, da die Messer überwiegend nur mit ihren radial äußeren Abschnitten mit dem Agglomerat in Eingriff treten.In other variants, not shown, and regardless of the one-piece design with the (or without the) central ring 23, in addition to the angled shape of the ends of the plane of the metal strip (paper plane in Figure 3) are slightly untwisted ends, d. H. in itself twisted knife 24 possible. However, the wing-like knives can also be turned out of the paper plane of FIG. 3 overall by a certain (fixed) angle. Where in both aforementioned cases, the twist angle should not exceed a maximum value of 30 °, preferably of 10 °. For twisted knives, it is otherwise useful if the angle of rotation at the end of the knife closer to the axis and at the tip of the knife is minimal, since the rotational speed of the knife tip is greater and thus the momentum transfer in the axial direction at the same angle of rotation the tip of the knife is higher than at the sections closer to the axis. However, in most practical cases, the angle of rotation of the knives in a section of the knives 24 near the shaft or shaft 13 will not arrive, since the knives predominantly engage the agglomerate only with their radially outer sections.
Die Dicke des Messers im Bereich des Eingriffs in das Fördergut beträgt im allgemeinen zwischen 2 mm und 10 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 mm und 5 mm. Die Abstände zwischen den Armen 24 sowie den Enden 2 des Zerkleinerungsmittels beträgt zwischen 3 mm und 15 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 mm und 7 mm, so sich daraus ein Wiederholabstand der Rotorelemente 14 in axialer Richtung von minimal etwa 5 bis (vorzugsweise) maximal 25 mm ergibt, wobei auch Wiederholabstände bis zu 50 mm noch durchaus sinnvoll erscheinen. Der Gesamtdurchmesser D des Rotors 4 beträgt zwischen 150 mm und 400 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 250 mm und 300 mm. Die axiale Länge des Rotors 7 wird an die Breite des Gurtförderers angepaßt und beträgt zwischen 80 % und 100 % der Gesamtbreite, vorzugsweise zwischen 90 % und 95 % der Gesamtbreite des Fördergurtes 4.The thickness of the blade in the region of engagement with the conveyed material is generally between 2 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 5 mm. The distances between the arms 24 and the ends 2 of the comminuting means is between 3 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 7 mm, thus resulting in a pitch of the rotor elements 14 in the axial direction of a minimum of about 5 to (preferably) not more than 25 mm results, with repetition distances up to 50 mm still quite reasonable. The total diameter D of the rotor 4 is between 150 mm and 400 mm, preferably between 250 mm and 300 mm. The axial length of the rotor 7 is adapted to the width of the belt conveyor and is between 80% and 100% of the total width, preferably between 90% and 95% of the total width of the conveyor belt 4th
Die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit an den äußeren Enden 27 der Rotorelemente 14 beträgt zwischen 5 m/s und 20 m/s, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 m/s und 15 m/s. Entscheidend für einen effizienten Betrieb ist die Relativgeschwindigkeit zum Gurtförderer, die bei einer Fördergeschwindigkeit von 1 m/s je nach Drehrichtung des Rotors zwischen 4 m/s und 21 m/s, vorzugsweise zwischen 9 m/s und 16 m/s liegt. Eine weitere Variante einer Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zeigt Figur 5. Neben der Verwendung eines einzelnen Rotors ist demnach auch die Anordnung von zwei oder mehr hintereinanderge- schalteten Rotoren 7, T möglich. Die Drehrichtung der Rotoren 7, T kann in eine Richtung, aber auch in unterschiedlichen Richtungen erfolgen. Die Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten der Rotoren können gleich groß oder auch unterschiedlich groß sein. Weiterhin ist neben der Verwendung von gleichartig und gleich groß ausgeführten Rotoren die Verwendung von im Durchmesser unterschiedlich großen Rotoren möglich. Auch können sich die Form und der axiale Abstand der Rotorelemente auf den unterschiedlichen Rotoren unterscheiden. The peripheral speed at the outer ends 27 of the rotor elements 14 is between 5 m / s and 20 m / s, preferably between 10 m / s and 15 m / s. Decisive for efficient operation is the relative speed to the belt conveyor, which is at a conveying speed of 1 m / s depending on the direction of rotation of the rotor between 4 m / s and 21 m / s, preferably between 9 m / s and 16 m / s. FIG. 5 shows a further variant of a comminution device. In addition to the use of a single rotor, the arrangement of two or more rotors 7, T arranged behind one another is accordingly also possible. The direction of rotation of the rotors 7, T can be in one direction, but also in different directions. The peripheral speeds of the rotors can be the same size or different sizes. Furthermore, in addition to the use of similar and equally sized rotors, the use of differently sized diameter rotors is possible. Also, the shape and the axial distance of the rotor elements on the different rotors may differ.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005013716A DE102005013716A1 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2005-03-22 | Apparatus and method for crushing agglomerates |
| PCT/EP2006/060629 WO2006100187A1 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2006-03-10 | Device and method for size-reducing agglomerates |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP1861201A1 true EP1861201A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
| EP1861201B1 EP1861201B1 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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| US (1) | US7857245B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1861201B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5190357B2 (en) |
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| WO2006100187A1 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device and method for size-reducing agglomerates |
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| DE102011005519A1 (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2012-09-20 | Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich Gmbh & Co. Kg | Granulating or agglomerating process and tool therefor |
| CN104646141A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-27 | 宁波长荣酿造设备有限公司 | Clinker crushing mixer |
| CN107715958B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-04-03 | 湖北华强智合科技咨询有限公司 | Environment-friendly industrial material crust treater |
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| See references of WO2006100187A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006100187A1 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device and method for size-reducing agglomerates |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1861201B1 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
| US20080283641A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| US7857245B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 |
| BRPI0609406A2 (en) | 2010-04-06 |
| RU2007138955A (en) | 2009-04-27 |
| RU2419491C2 (en) | 2011-05-27 |
| JP2008534247A (en) | 2008-08-28 |
| DE102005013716A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
| WO2006100187A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
| PL1861201T3 (en) | 2017-09-29 |
| CN101151100A (en) | 2008-03-26 |
| JP5190357B2 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| ES2636541T3 (en) | 2017-10-06 |
| BRPI0609406B1 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
| HUE035290T2 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
| CN101151100B (en) | 2012-11-14 |
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