EP1849927A1 - Formwork element - Google Patents

Abstract

A liquid concrete construction mantle is retained in position during concrete curing by a shuttering assembly consisting of outer and inner panels. The panels are maintained at the correct separation by retaining elements extending between the base and top.

Description

The invention relates to a formwork element, in particular for shell construction, with two wall space enclosing a wall space between them and at least one wall panels enclosing spacers.

Such a wall element is for example from the DE 196 32 528 A1 known, where the inner surfaces of the wall panels have undercut recesses and also arranged as a plastic injection molded part spacers plate-shaped sections are arranged, which are precisely inserted vertically into the recesses. There are also dovetailed groove cross-sections z B. from the DE 20 2004 015 083 U1 known.

From the EP 0 153 660 B1 are shuttering elements for shell concrete construction known in which on the inner surfaces of the wall panels regular groove structures are formed, in which parallel webs can be inserted and bonded to terminal plates of a spacer. It is also known to form dovetail-shaped projections on the inner surfaces of the wall panels, via which spacers can be pushed with complementary recesses.

The WO 03/097957 shows a formwork element in which the inner surface of wall panels have a periodic pattern of vertical wedge-shaped undercut joints and the spacers on outer surfaces of connected via a central part connection plates four complementary to the joints shaped vertical continuous support members side by side.

The spacers on the one hand have the function to connect the two wall panels to a uniform in the construction of a wall formwork element, and must hold together for filling the hollow wall space with fresh concrete, the wall panels against the pressure of the filled concrete.

The present invention has for its object to provide a reliable and cost-effective formwork element of the aforementioned type.

This invention is described in claim 1. The dependent claims contain advantageous refinements and developments of the invention.

By away from a base plate of the spacer to the outside, ie away from the enclosed between the wall panels wall space widening holding elements of the support structures advantageously results in a stable anchoring of the support structures in the counter structures, with continuous division of the support elements in a particularly advantageous manner, the dimensional stability the retaining elements as well as the undercut portions of the wall panels can be maintained. Preferably, the holding elements expand with substantially flat retaining flanks, so that in cross-section the holding flanks form a trapezoidal shape with a contact plane of the base plate to the wall plate. The angle of inclination of the flat retaining flanks against the preferably flat contact surface of the base plate is advantageously between 20 and 45, preferably between 25 ° and 35 °. But the retaining flanks can also be curved in cross section. As a contact surface of the connection plate or its base plate to a wall plate is a typically substantially flat outwardly to the inner surface of the Wall plate facing out enveloping surface of the base plate without taking into account the projecting from this holding structures.

Due to the remote from the base plate front side of the holding elements forth recesses introduced into the holding elements, the amount required for the spacers or the base plates plastic compared to an execution platform with massive solid support elements to the front surface, in particular the material savings at the end face in the greatest width of the holding elements can be achieved. The recesses are also advantageous injection molding because of the thereby reduceable material thickness.

The temporally limiting the depressions and the retaining flanks forming side walls of the holding elements may in advantageous embodiments in their course away from the base plate have a constant wall thickness. The wall thickness can also vary, in particular continuously taper.

It is particularly advantageous to predetermine webs in the recesses between opposite side walls, which laterally support the side walls of the holding elements, in particular in the case of holding elements extending in a direction of insertion with a constant cross section. Such preferably wall-shaped webs can be predetermined in particular at the ends of holding elements and or as intermediate wall webs in the course of such holding elements.

Breakthroughs through the base plate in areas of projection of the retaining flanks on the base plate are of particular advantage for the production of preferred embodiments of the base plates as plastic injection molded parts. The breakthroughs allow the immersion of mold cores through the contact surface of the base plate in the direction of the retaining flanks. In particular, in a built spacer by joining at least one middle part with two separately manufactured connection plates advantageously an injection molding tool is used for the connection plates, which has two relative to each other in the direction of the surface normal of the plane of the contact surface of the base plate deformable mold halves and no further moving the shape of the connection plates determining moving Parts needed. Due to the mobility of the mold halves in the direction of the surface normal of the plane of the contact surface of the connection plate to the wall plate and the elimination of other shape-defining moving mold parts, such as slide, resulting advantageously short cycle times in injection molding and a long service life of Spritzgusswekzeugs.

First mandrels on a first mold half of the injection mold with end faces for the retaining flanks and second mandrels on a second mold half for the depressions dive in the opposite direction in the mold space and determine with spaced-apart opposing surfaces of the walls of the holding elements. Further cores on the second mold half dive along the first mold cores to the base plate.

The principle of the re-immersing cores can advantageously also be used for connection structures on the wall space to and from the holding elements facing away side of the connection plates. In particular, it may be provided here that projections are provided on some or more second cores for the depressions, which cause openings in the base plate in extension of the depressions at the base of the holding elements on the base plate and on the wall space facing side the base plate with immersion cores of the first mold half define such connection structures.

Advantageously, a plurality of holding elements in a Einschieberichtung spaced successively and spaced and / or transversely to the insertion direction, preferably arranged in a plurality of parallel rows, each with a plurality of holding elements. Between in the insertion direction successive holding elements are advantageously in the insertion direction extending intermediate webs, preferably provided projecting from the base plate. In an advantageous embodiment, exactly three rows of parallel rows of retaining elements are provided.

On the side facing away from the holding elements of the connection plate advantageously webs or ribs are provided, which protrude distantly from the base plate into the wall space and which laterally lead away from the at least one middle part. The stiffening webs advantageously extend before, after and / or between in the insertion direction spaced successive holding elements on the opposite side of the base plate.

The wall panels are advantageously made in a conventional manner of heat-insulating rigid foam, such as foamed polystyrene. There may also be provided different wall panels for the inside and outside of a wall. The counter-structures can also be formed in a conventional manner as parallel undercut grooves in the inner, ie, the wall space of the wall plates facing the wall space, wherein the insertion of the spacers may be limited by stops on the wall plate and / or on the spacer.

Fig. 1

eine Zusammenstellung von Einzelteilen eines Schalungselements,

Fig. 2

eine zusammengesetztes Schalungselement in Schrägansicht,

Fig. 3

Wandplatten in Schrägansicht von innen und außen,

Fig. 4

einen Abstandshalter mit Blick in Wandrichtung,

Fig. 5

den Abstandshalter nach Fig. 4 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 6

einen Blick auf die Innenfläche einer Anschlussplatte,

Fig. 7

einen Schnitt durch eine Anschlussplatte entlang VII-VII von Fig. 6,

Fig. 8

einen Schnitt durch eine Anschlussplatte entlang VIII-VIII von Fig. 6

Fig. 9

einen Schnitt wie in Fig. 8 mit Spritzgussform

Fig. 10

einen Blick auf die Außenfläche einer Anschlussplatte

Fig. 11

eine Seitenansicht zu Fig. 10

Fig. 12

einen Schnitt XII-XII von Fig. 10

The invention is illustrated below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to the figures according to detail. It shows

Fig. 1

a compilation of individual parts of a formwork element,

Fig. 2

a composite formwork element in an oblique view,

Fig. 3

Wall panels in an oblique view from inside and outside,

Fig. 4

a spacer with a view in the wall direction,

Fig. 5

the spacer of FIG. 4 in plan view,

Fig. 6

a look at the inner surface of a connection plate,

Fig. 7

a section through a connection plate along VII-VII of Fig. 6,

Fig. 8

a section through a connection plate along VIII-VIII of Fig. 6

Fig. 9

a section as in Fig. 8 with injection mold

Fig. 10

a look at the outer surface of a connection plate

Fig. 11

a side view of Fig. 10

Fig. 12

a section XII-XII of Fig. 10

Fig. 1 shows an oblique view of an assembly of parts of a preferred embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention. 2, the finished assembled formwork element is shown in an oblique view.

The formwork element according to FIG. 2 is composed of two wall panels WP of a preferably heat-insulating hard foam, in particular of foamed polystyrene. It can also be provided for the inside and outside of a wall wall panels of different shapes or different materials. The two wall panels are substantially cuboid. The outer surfaces of the wall panels are substantially flat. At the end surfaces of the wall panels opposite in the longitudinal direction x, complementary structures HS1 and HS2, for example grooves or webs, are formed, via which successive formwork elements in the transverse direction y in the longitudinal direction x can be aligned exactly with one another. In a corresponding manner, further structures VS1 and structures VS2 not visible on the underside of the wall panels in the sketch are formed on the upper sides of the wall panels WP, via which vertically successive rows of formwork elements in the transverse direction y and in the longitudinal direction x can be aligned exactly with one another.

The wall panels WP include a wall space WR between them. The inner surfaces IF facing the wall space have counter-structures GS to support structures PS on the spacers. The counter-structures are preferably vertically extending undercut grooves into which the holding structures of the spacers in the z-direction can be inserted from above, whereby a fixation of the two wall panels takes place relative to each other. The insertion depth can advantageously by a stop in the inner surfaces IF the wall panels and / or on the spacers done. The counter-structures GS can advantageously be continued continuously in the x-direction on the inner surface, so that the spacers can be inserted with the support structures at a plurality of positions in the counter-structures. In another embodiment, a few concrete positions may be specified. The counter-structures or other relief structures in surface areas of the inner surfaces IF which are not occupied by spacers can serve for better anchoring of the wall panels with the concrete which has been filled and hardened in the wall space. The spacers AH are in turn composed of two flat connection plates AP and a flat central part MT connecting them. A spacer is outlined in detail in various views in FIGS. 4 and 5.

The spacer includes two on the support structures in the counter-structures of the wall plate inner surfaces mechanically anchored connection plates AP of the outlined in Fig. 3 type and a middle part MT, which is connectable via connecting structures MV of the connection plates with these, z. B. by snapping and / or preferably by insertion in the z direction. Preferably, two connection plates and a middle part are first connected to a spacer and then inserted with the support structures in the counter-structures of the inner surfaces of two wall panels. Due to the shape of the spacer built from connecting plates and middle part, the connection plates can be inserted into the counter-structures or wall plates before the connection with the central part or integrated in the production of the wall panels in this, so that a connection of two wall panels by inserting the middle part in the pre-assembled or integrated connection plates. The two connection plates are preferably identical in shape.

The middle part forms a largely open frame with vertical webs MLS and transverse webs MQS, wherein in the uppermost crosspiece images BA are prepared for steel reinforcements of the concrete wall core. The middle part is preferably designed as a one-piece plastic injection-molded part.

The connection plates are advantageously also produced as one-piece plastic injection-molded parts, wherein essential features of the present invention relate in particular to the formation of the connection plates. Various, partially also cut representations of a connection plate are sketched in FIG. 6 to FIG. 12. The connection plates contain a base plate GP, at the outward, d. H. in the y-direction away from the wall space WR facing away outside the support structures PS are arranged and at the inwardly, d. H. to the wall space WR side facing inside the connecting structures MV are formed for connection to the central part.

By stiffening on the inside of the base GP, the base plate GP can be carried out even with transverse wall y small wall thickness. In the example shown, the middle part MT is connected in the longitudinal direction x in the middle of the connection plate with this. Stiffening webs AS extend with decreasing height above the base plate from the center in the x-direction outward to the edges of the base plate. Such stiffening webs are advantageously formed at the top and at the bottom of the base plate and in a plurality of intermediate positions in the y-direction. The stiffening webs AS running parallel to an xy plane are advantageously connected to a vertical, central web MS lying in a yz plane. The middle web MS consists in the sketched preferred example of a plurality of extending in the z-direction web portions, which are spaced apart in the region of the connecting structures.

The base plate GP is not necessarily, but preferably flat and determines with its outer side a planar contact surface AE between the connection plate AP and inner surface IP of a wall plate. A notional plane AE is assumed to be the middle contact surface even if the outside of the base plate is not flat. The outer surface may in particular be arched in the initial state with the lateral edge regions towards the wall space, so that upon insertion of the retaining structures into the counter-structures of the flat inner wall surface of the wall plate, a bending of the base plate and a resilient bias on the edge regions arises.

The holding structures on the outside of the base plate include a plurality of holding elements, which are arranged in three in the insertion direction z extending, spaced apart in the longitudinal direction x rows each having a plurality, in the example, five holding elements regularly. The number of exactly three rows of holding elements is particularly advantageous with respect to a firm anchoring of the connection plates in the inner surfaces of the wall panels with simultaneously low weakening of the wall plate material in the undercuts.

Further, in an advantageous embodiment, a spacer at the junction of two longitudinally successive wall panels with the middle row of holding elements engage in an undercut formed by half of two wall panels undercut groove, for which on the wall panels in the longitudinal direction of the plate inner surface in each case a half cross-section of a such groove is formed.

Starting from a foot region FB on the base plate GP, the holding elements lead outwardly away from them by diverge holding edges HF in the direction of an end face spaced from the base plate SF widened. The holding flanks HF bear against corresponding counter flanks of the undercut grooves of the counter-structures and support the connection plates against picking out of the holding structures from the counter-holding structures.

The retaining flanks form in the preferred example outlined planar surfaces which are inclined against the flat contact surface AE by an angle WH between 45 ° and 75 °, preferably 55 ° and 65 °. In the plan view according to FIGS. 7 and 8, the retaining flanks of the outer contour of the cross section of the retaining elements form side edges of a trapezoidal shape. The retaining flanks can also be curved.

In the holding elements are from the end face SF, on which the holding elements have the largest extent in the longitudinal direction x, formed depressions VT, which may extend to the foot of the holding elements on the base plate. The wall thickness of the walls EW of the holding elements between the depressions and the retaining flanks can advantageously be substantially constant, but can also decrease from the foot region to the end face. The holding flanks of a holding element preferably extend in the insertion direction z in cross section uniformly over the height of the holding element in the z-direction. The plurality of holding elements of a row have aligned holding flanks in the z-direction.

An advantageously small wall thickness for the side walls EW can be selected in particular when stiffening web walls SV are formed between opposite side walls of a holding element, which bending the walls EW with the holding flanks under the action of pulling forces, eg. B. by static pressure filled fresh concrete, prevent. In the preferred example outlined, the retaining elements point at their upper and lower ends in each case such web walls SV. One or more such web walls can be provided depending on the height of the holding elements in the z direction at intermediate positions.

Between in a row in the z-direction successive holding elements can advantageously be formed in a y-z plane in the foot region of the holding elements extending intermediate webs ZS. The intermediate webs ZS are preferably connected to upper and / or lower web walls SV of a holding element. At the upper and lower end of the base plate corresponding aligned end webs ES are provided.

The baseplate GP has openings DU in the areas of the projection of the retaining flanks HF on the abutment plane AE. These breakthroughs are of particular advantage for the production of a connection plate as a plastic injection-molded part in an injection mold. The breakthroughs allow the specification of the retaining flanks on end surfaces of the core cores penetrating through the base plate from the inside thereof. In connection with mold cores which are dipping from the outside of the connection plate in the casting mold, it is advantageously possible to use a casting mold which, in the sketch according to FIG. 9, is schematically represented by a connection plate in a step corresponding to FIG.

The mold consists of two mold halves FI and FA, which can be moved relative to each other substantially in the direction of the surface normal of the planar contact surface AE, ie in the y-direction for opening and closing the mold. Since the connection plate has its smallest dimension in this travel direction, a particularly short travel path results, which favors a low cycle time.

About the openings DU in the base plate GP form cores FH of lying on the inside of the base plate first mold half FI protrude to the outside of the base plate and there determine the shape of the retaining edges HF. Between these first mold cores FH and second mold cores FV on the second mold half FA, the side walls of the holding elements are formed. Further mold cores FZ on the second mold half FA dip between each two first mold cores FH up to the base plate GP.

The principle of pouring mandrels is also used advantageously in the example outlined for the formation of the connecting structure MV to the middle part. For this purpose, mandrels FV-M for generating the recess VT in holding elements of the middle row at the lying on the outside of the base plate GP mold half FA through the base plate through extensions FS extended and create openings SC at the bottom of the recess VT of some example, but not all holding elements of the middle row. Between the first mold half and the extension FS, the connecting structures MV are formed with an undercut guide groove NU for the central part-forming projections VS on two wall sections WN protruding from the base plate. The ends of the wall sections WN in the z-direction are connected to one another via a transverse wall QW and to the central web MS. The undercut guide groove favors an advantageous injection mold for the middle part.

The undercut groove and the vertical web portions MS define a guide for the central part, which connects by insertion into these guides in the z direction, the two wall plates together and forms with these the spacer.

A modification of the connecting structures provides that between the wall sections WV, the middle web is performed in the z direction, for which the extension FS is divided into two the web between them enclosing flat extensions which extend to the projections in the y direction and with a cooperating mold core forming the groove cooperates with the first mold half.

The remaining core shapes on the two mold halves do not relate to undercuts and are readily derivable from the sketches as standard cases of injection molds and therefore not explained in detail. The forming cores FH and FS passing through the base plate advantageously allow the execution of both mold halves with cores fixed relative to the respective mold half and the absence of the shape of the connection plate determining cores to be moved relative to both mold halves as slides or the like.

10 shows a view of a connecting plate with a view towards the surface facing away from the wall space WR facing outwards with the retaining elements. The viewing direction of FIG. 10 provides a view into the recesses VT and through the openings SC in the base plate GP on the projections of the connecting structures MV with the groove NU.

Fig. 11 shows a connection plate with a view in the x-direction from the side, Fig. 12 is a sectional view corresponding to the multi-stepped section line XII-XII in Fig. 10, which further shows the structure of the preferred embodiment of the connection plate.

The features indicated above and in the claims as well as the figures which can be seen in the figures are both individual and various Combination advantageously feasible. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of expert knowledge.

Claims (17)

Shuttering element, in particular for shell concrete construction, with two wall space between enclosing wall plates and at least one wall plates connecting spacers, which contains two connection plates and at least one connecting central part, wherein the connection plates with a base plate outwardly away from the wall space away holding structures in undercut complementary Engage counter-structures in the inner surfaces of the wall panels, characterized in that the holding structures (HS) have holding elements which extend from a foot region (FB) on the base plate away therefrom with laterally diverging retaining flanks (HF) in the direction of one of the base plate (GP) , widen the opposite end face (SF), and
the retaining elements have at least one depression (VT) between the retaining flanks (HF) forming side walls (EW) from the end face (SF), and / or
the base plate has openings (DU) in areas of the projection of the holding flanks (HF) on the base plate (GP). Shuttering element according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding structures in a push-in direction (z) parallel to the inner surface (IF) of the wall plate (WP) in the counter-structures are inserted. Shuttering element according to claim 2, characterized in that the holding elements have a Einschieberichtung constant cross-section. Shuttering element according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a plurality of successive in the insertion direction holding elements spaced from each other and are arranged in alignment with each other in the insertion direction. Shuttering element according to claim 4, characterized in that spaced apart in the insertion direction successive holding elements of a series of the base plate projecting intermediate webs (ZS) are arranged. Shuttering element according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a plurality of holding elements are arranged transversely to the insertion direction spaced. Shuttering element according to claim 6, characterized in that holding elements are arranged in a plurality, preferably three parallel rows. Shuttering element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the recess (VT) extends to the foot region of a holding element. Shuttering element according to claim 6, characterized in that the recess opens into at least one opening (SC) through the base plate (GP) in the foot region (FB) of the holding element. Shuttering element according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the side walls (EW) of the holding elements over their at least predominantly have a substantially constant wall thickness. Shuttering element according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the recess (VT) at least one transverse to the insertion direction web wall between opposite side walls (EW) of a holding element is formed. Shuttering element according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the spacer of separately prefabricated connection plates (AP) and the central part (MT) is assembled. Shuttering element according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the extension of the central part in the longitudinal direction (X) of the wall plates is smaller than the width of the connection plates, preferably smaller than the extension of a holding element in the longitudinal direction. Shuttering element according to claim 13, characterized in that a base plate of a connection plate on the side facing the wall space side of a central web (MS) leading away stiffening webs (AS). Shuttering element according to claim 14, characterized in that the stiffening webs are arranged offset in the insertion direction (z) against the retaining elements. Shuttering element according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the connection plates (AP) are formed as plastic injection molded parts. Shuttering element according to claim 16, characterized in that the end plates with a in the direction of the surface normal of the base plate to open and close two-part injection molding tool (FI, FA) without relative to both mold halves movable, the shape of the connecting plate determining tool parts are produced.

Images