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EP1846734A1 - Capteur d'ecoulement a ultrasons a ajustement modulo-2pi de partie restante - Google Patents

Capteur d'ecoulement a ultrasons a ajustement modulo-2pi de partie restante

Info

Publication number
EP1846734A1
EP1846734A1 EP05816309A EP05816309A EP1846734A1 EP 1846734 A1 EP1846734 A1 EP 1846734A1 EP 05816309 A EP05816309 A EP 05816309A EP 05816309 A EP05816309 A EP 05816309A EP 1846734 A1 EP1846734 A1 EP 1846734A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
ultrasonic
ultrasound
determined
flow sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05816309A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Uwe Konzelmann
Tobias Lang
Sami Radwan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1846734A1 publication Critical patent/EP1846734A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/24Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
    • G01P5/245Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by measuring transit time of acoustical waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/667Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/704Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
    • G01F1/708Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
    • G01F1/7082Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using acoustic detecting arrangements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/024Analysing fluids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/36Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/38Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by time filtering, e.g. using time gates
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4472Mathematical theories or simulation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02836Flow rate, liquid level

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the transit time of an ultrasonic signal of an ultrasonic flow sensor according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to an ultrasonic flow sensor according to the preamble of patent claim 10.
  • ultrasonic flow sensors are used to measure the volume or mass flow or flow rate of a gaseous or liquid medium flowing through a pipeline.
  • One known type of ultrasonic flow sensor comprises two ultrasound transducers arranged offset in the direction of flow, which in each case generate ultrasound signals and these each at the other
  • the ultrasonic signals are received by each other transducer and evaluated by means of electronics.
  • the transit time difference between the signal in the flow direction and the signal in the opposite direction is a measure of the flow velocity of the fluid.
  • Fig. 1 shows a typical arrangement of an ultrasonic flow sensor with two ultrasonic transducers A, B, which are arranged within a pipeline 3 and face each other at a distance L.
  • a fluid 1 flows at a speed v in the direction of the arrow 2.
  • the measuring path L is inclined with respect to the flow direction 2 by an angle OC.
  • the ultrasonic transducers A, B send each other
  • Fig. 2 shows a greatly simplified schematic representation of the electrical connection of the arrangement of FIG. 1.
  • the two ultrasonic transducers A, B are connected to a control and evaluation electronics 4 and are excited by an oscillator with a predetermined clock frequency 8 (square wave signal).
  • the ultrasonic signals 15 generated thereby (here only the envelope 16 of the ultrasonic signals 15 are shown) pass through the measuring path L and are detected by the other ultrasonic transducers A, B in each case.
  • the running time ti2 resp. t2i of the signals 15 measured.
  • the reception time of the ultrasound signal 15 is unambiguously and accurately determined.
  • different events can be set. From the prior art, it is z. B.
  • the first zero crossing N o of the ultrasound signal 15 is a "reception time" after the signal amplitude has exceeded a predetermined threshold value
  • the time of the maximum amplitude or the center of gravity t s of the envelope 16 of the ultrasound signal 15 may be
  • Conventional methods for transit time measurement are usually realized in a relatively expensive manner or are not sufficiently robust with respect to interference signals.
  • Ultrasonic signal in an ultrasonic flow sensor and to provide an ultrasonic flow sensor with a special signal evaluation, the or. which is particularly easy to implement and also has a high robustness to interference.
  • An essential idea of the invention is to determine the phase angle ( ⁇ ) of an ultrasonic signal relative to a reference clock by means of a quadrature demodulation method and to calculate the total transit time of the ultrasonic signal from the phase position ( ⁇ ) and a residual component (r (t)) integer multiple of 2pi is. to
  • the ultrasonic signal is inverted in sections with the aid of a clock signal and a phase-shifted clock signal.
  • the partially inverted signals are then preferably integrated or filtered and the phase angle ( ⁇ ) determined by trigonometric calculation.
  • the residual portion (r (t)) is inventively from a predetermined reception event of the ultrasonic signal, such. B. the reception time of the center of gravity of an envelope, determined.
  • the receiving event of the ultrasound signal, from which finally the residual portion (n - 2pi) is calculated is preferably a size of the ultrasound signal which is independent of the signal amplitude, such. B. the center of gravity of the received ultrasound signal, the centroid of an envelope of the signal, or the timing of another variable that is independent of the signal amplitude. This has the advantage that the reception time does not shift at different signal amplitudes.
  • the function f preferably comprises a rounding function (eg, round) with which a value is rounded to the nearest whole number.
  • the evaluation unit calculates a scattering parameter that indicates the extent of the rounding.
  • the runtime calculation is particularly accurate and robust if this scattering parameter is as small as possible.
  • it is therefore proposed to regulate the scattering parameter to small values and to set the offset value (to) accordingly.
  • the offset value (to) is preferably varied when the absolute value of the scattering parameter exceeds a predetermined threshold in the time average.
  • the time average of the amount of the scattering parameter (s) is preferably calculated. Alternatively or additionally, the time average of the scattering parameter (s) can also be calculated.
  • the ultrasound signals inverted to the phase-shifted reference clock are preferably fed in each case to an integrator which integrates the signal over a plurality of phases, preferably over the entire duration of the ultrasound signal. From the
  • Output signals of the integrators is then preferably the phase position ( ⁇ ) determined.
  • a filter circuit may also be provided instead of the integrators.
  • the partially inverted ultrasonic signals are preferably also supplied to a second pair of integrators which in each case integrate the signals over a period of the reference clock. From the output signals of these integrators, an envelope is preferably calculated whose center of gravity (t s ) represents the reception time of the ultrasound signal.
  • An ultrasound flow sensor constructed in accordance with the invention in which the propagation time of the ultrasound signals from the phase position ( ⁇ ) of a received signal relative to a reference clock and a residual component (r (t)) is calculated, comprises at least one ultrasound transducer for emitting and / or receiving ultrasound signals, a connected to the ultrasonic transducer oscillator which generates a clock signal, and a control and evaluation.
  • Evaluation unit comprises a device (circuit or software) which determines the phase position ( ⁇ ) of the ultrasonic signal according to the quadrature demodulation method, wherein a received ultrasonic signal at the frequency of the clock signal or. a pi / 2 shifted clock signal is partially inverted, as well as a device (circuit or software), the receiving event, such as. B. the center of gravity of an envelope, and calculates the remainder (r (t)).
  • the control and evaluation unit is implemented such that one or more of the aforementioned functions can be performed.
  • Fig. 1 shows an ultrasonic flow sensor with two ultrasonic transducers known from the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows an ultrasonic flow sensor with associated control and reception electronics
  • FIG. 3 shows the signal curve of a single ultrasound signal with its envelope curve
  • FIG. 4 shows a special embodiment of an ultrasonic flow sensor with evaluation electronics operating in the quadrature demodulation method
  • Fig. 5a a diagram for the representation of the phase angle calculation
  • Fig. 5b shows the course of the output signals of the integrators of FIG. 4;
  • Fig. 5c shows the course of an envelope calculated from the ultrasound signal
  • Fig. 6 shows the time average of a scattering parameter
  • Fig. 7 shows the course of the scattering parameter
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of an ultrasonic flow sensor 6 with two ultrasonic transducers A, B and a control and evaluation electronics 4.
  • the electronics 4 comprises an oscillator 7 which generates a clock signal 8 with which the transducers A, B are excited.
  • the two transducers A thereby generate ultrasound signals 15, which in each case are transmitted to other transducers and detected there. From the transit time ti2 of a signal 15 in one direction and the transit time t2i in the other direction can finally
  • the transit time t of an ultrasound signal 15 can also be represented as a phase, where:
  • is the phase position of the received
  • Ultrasonic signal 15 with respect to a reference clock 8 and n - 2pi or. r (t) is the residual part of the total phase, where n is the number of whole wave trains within the runtime t.
  • the phase angle ⁇ is determined here in the quadrature demodulation method by means of two integrators 12, 13.
  • the quadrature demodulation method could alternatively be implemented analogously, for example, by inverting or non-inverting amplifiers.
  • the residual component r (t) is determined from a variable characterizing the ultrasonic signal 15, such as, for example, FIG. B. the reception time of the center of gravity of the envelope 16, calculated.
  • the electronics 4 comprise an A / D converter 14, with which the received signal 15 is digitized, as well as further elements 10-13, which are explained below.
  • the digitized received signal is divided into two signal paths and depending on the state of a reference clock 8 and. a shifted by pi / 2 (90 °) phases reference clock 9 either passed unchanged or inverted. This is the digitized
  • Received signal z. B. in the state "high” passed unchanged and inverted in the state "low”.
  • the reference clock signal 8 and the clock signal 9 shifted by pi / 2 are generated by a unit 20 from the oscillator clock 8.
  • the unchanged passing on resp. Inversion of the digitized received signal 15 corresponds to a multiplication by the values +1 and -1.
  • the associated signal operation is therefore represented by two multipliers 10, 11.
  • the sections inverted signals are then two downstream integrators 12 and. 13, which integrate the signals over their entire signal duration. (Alternatively to integration, low-pass filtering could also be used).
  • the two integral values Ui and U2 represent the components of a vector u whose angle in the coordinate system is precisely the phase position ⁇ .
  • Fig. 5a shows the vector u and the components Ui, U2 and the angle ⁇ .
  • Electronics such. B. a microcontroller (not shown) performed.
  • Fig. 5b shows the temporal integration course over an ultrasound signal 15.
  • U2 can via a trigonometric function, such as. B. arctane (U1 / U2) or atan2 (ui, U2) the phase angle ⁇ can be calculated.
  • a trigonometric function such as. B. arctane (U1 / U2) or atan2 (ui, U2) the phase angle ⁇ can be calculated.
  • the following relationship is set:
  • the digitized and partially inverted signals are in each case fed to an integrator 18 and / or. 19 and integrated in each case one period of the reference clock 8. Integration is restarted from zero in each period. From the output signals Ui '(i) resp. U2 '(i) results in the in Fig.
  • the integrator 18 and 19 are connected to the multipliers 10 and 11 and are clocked at their clock input with the reference clock 8, i is a running number for the j e ownership period of the ultrasonic signal 15th
  • the characteristic time t s provides a rough measure of the total transit time t mes of the ultrasonic signal. For example, the following equation can be used for the center of gravity t s :
  • T 0 is a constant offset value, which will be explained later.
  • This residual maturity t res t is a rough measure of the total transit time t of the ultrasonic signal 15 minus the exact phase shift ⁇ .
  • step function r (t) is therefore not defined directly by tr est (t), but preferably by a rounding function, where:
  • the function "round” is a rounding function which rounds up or rounds a numerical value to the nearest whole number.
  • the offset value t 0 the following should be noted: If the remaining running time t rest assumes values which are exactly at the limit of the rounding function (between rounding up and rounding off), a jump may occur in the residual component r (t). To avoid a signal jump, the offset value t 0 Therefore chosen so that the extent of rounding in the function r (t) is as small as possible on average over time. To determine the extent of the rounding, a scattering parameter s is defined below, with:
  • the scattering parameter s thus indicates how far rounded or rounded is. how far rest is away from the ideal step function r (t).
  • the offset value to is chosen favorably if
  • Runtime measurements is as small as possible. In this case, it will be rounded up and down about as often.
  • the envelope 17 may change over time. This may in turn lead to signal jumps. It is therefore proposed to vary the offset parameter to and to control the scattering parameter s to the smallest possible values. It can be provided, the time average of
  • also be kept to a minimum (against zero).
  • Fig. 6 shows the course of the time average of
  • according to arrow A to a higher value.
  • the offset value to is changed in such a way that the time average of the scattering parameter
  • Fig. 7a shows the course of the mean value of
  • FIG. 7b shows the corresponding curves for the variation of the time average s with weak signal disturbances (curve 27) and strong signal disturbances (curve 28).
  • the mean value ⁇ s ⁇ can be changed immediately by a change of t 0 by H-3/4 - pi into a range
  • the change of t 0 must be in the positive direction if

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de détermination du temps de propagation (t) d'un signal ultrasonore (15) d'un capteur d'écoulement par ultrasons (6), envoyé par un transducteur à ultrasons (A, B) dans une section de mesure (S), la position de phase (?F) du signal ultrasonore (15) étant déterminée par rapport à une période de référence (8) et une partie restante (r(t)) étant déterminée en tant que mesure du temps de propagation (tmes) du signal ultrasonore (15). La mesure du temps de propagation peut être effectuée de manière particulièrement fiable et avec une utilisation minime de matériel lorsque la position de phase (?F) est déterminée à l'aide d'un procédé de démodulation en quadrature selon lequel le signal reçu (15) est inversé de manière segmentée à l'aide d'un signal de rythme (8) et d'une phase d'un signal de rythme à décalage de phase (9) et la partie restante (r(t)) est déterminée à partir d'une grandeur caractéristique (ts) du signal ultrasonore (15).
EP05816309A 2005-01-31 2005-12-06 Capteur d'ecoulement a ultrasons a ajustement modulo-2pi de partie restante Withdrawn EP1846734A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005004331.3A DE102005004331B4 (de) 2005-01-31 2005-01-31 Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Laufzeit eines Ultraschallsignals eines Ultraschallsensors sowie Ultraschallsensor
PCT/EP2005/056520 WO2006081887A1 (fr) 2005-01-31 2005-12-06 Capteur d'ecoulement a ultrasons a ajustement modulo-2pi de partie restante

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1846734A1 true EP1846734A1 (fr) 2007-10-24

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ID=36095649

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05816309A Withdrawn EP1846734A1 (fr) 2005-01-31 2005-12-06 Capteur d'ecoulement a ultrasons a ajustement modulo-2pi de partie restante

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7614310B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1846734A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4904289B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005004331B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006081887A1 (fr)

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DE102008019991B4 (de) * 2008-04-21 2015-10-22 Mib Gmbh Messtechnik Und Industrieberatung Konzentrationsbestimmungsverfahren und Messgerät
DE102009049067A1 (de) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur verbesserten Ultraschall- Laufzeitdifferenzmessung
DE102011004830B4 (de) 2011-02-28 2015-10-29 Holger Löhmer Phasenverfahren zur Messung der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit von Schallwellen mit dynamischem Messfenster
WO2013028497A1 (fr) 2011-08-19 2013-02-28 Hospira, Inc. Systèmes et procédés pour une interface graphique comprenant une représentation graphique de données médicales
EP2642256B1 (fr) * 2012-03-23 2018-07-18 ams AG Agencement et procédé de mesure
EP3586891B1 (fr) 2012-07-31 2025-04-09 ICU Medical, Inc. Système de soins aux patients pour médicaments critiques
CA2913421C (fr) 2013-05-24 2022-02-15 Hospira, Inc. Systeme de perfusion a multiples capteurs pour detecter la presence d'air ou d'une occlusion dans le systeme de perfusion
EP3003442B1 (fr) * 2013-05-29 2020-12-30 ICU Medical, Inc. Système de perfusion et procédé d'utilisation évitant la sursaturation d'un convertisseur analogique-numérique
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US10850024B2 (en) 2015-03-02 2020-12-01 Icu Medical, Inc. Infusion system, device, and method having advanced infusion features
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7614310B2 (en) 2009-11-10
JP2008528980A (ja) 2008-07-31
DE102005004331A1 (de) 2006-08-03
US20080250868A1 (en) 2008-10-16
JP4904289B2 (ja) 2012-03-28
DE102005004331B4 (de) 2016-05-04
WO2006081887A1 (fr) 2006-08-10

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