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EP1843703A1 - Appareil de tomographie a geometrie d'image variable - Google Patents

Appareil de tomographie a geometrie d'image variable

Info

Publication number
EP1843703A1
EP1843703A1 EP06706529A EP06706529A EP1843703A1 EP 1843703 A1 EP1843703 A1 EP 1843703A1 EP 06706529 A EP06706529 A EP 06706529A EP 06706529 A EP06706529 A EP 06706529A EP 1843703 A1 EP1843703 A1 EP 1843703A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detector
source
during
radiation
radiation source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06706529A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Hey
Dirk Freyer
Manfred Breuer
Gerhard ZÜNDORF
Marc Lievin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sirona Dental Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
Sirona Dental Systems GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sirona Dental Systems GmbH filed Critical Sirona Dental Systems GmbH
Publication of EP1843703A1 publication Critical patent/EP1843703A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
    • A61B6/587—Alignment of source unit to detector unit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
    • A61B6/589—Setting distance between source unit and patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
    • A61B6/4435—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
    • A61B6/4441—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure the rigid structure being a C-arm or U-arm
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/51—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for dentistry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/5258—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a sequence of individual recordings, from which 3D tomographic images of an object are generated, wherein a radiation source, in particular an X-ray source, is moved relative to the object, wherein the radiation source emits radiation in a radiation cone, which is applied to the object, wherein the radiation passed through the object and weakened in its intensity is received by a detector which is arranged with respect to the radiation source in the cone behind the object, wherein the radiation source and the detector in a source detector Assembly, which is rotated about a rotation axis during the preparation of a sequence in the reference system defined by the object.
  • the invention also relates to a device for implementing such a method.
  • tomographic images are an important technique for creating three-dimensional images of parts of the human body.
  • the body part is irradiated with a radiation source, in particular with an x-ray source, which is moved on a predeterminable path, usually a circle or an ellipse, around the object.
  • a detector In the beam cone of the source behind the object, a detector is arranged, which has an array of detector elements and on which the object is projected.
  • these methods which are used in computed tomography and in cone-beam tomography ("cone-beam”) application, allow the reconstruction of the three-dimensional distribution of the absorption coefficients of the of Radiation illuminated object from Absorbtions horren respectively from the individual shots.
  • the application of the method is not limited to the medical field.
  • the radiation source and detector move on elliptical paths or on driving paths around a common isocenter, in which the object to be imaged is located.
  • the x-ray source and the detector are each disposed at the end of a C-arm which is rotated about its central axis about the object.
  • a multitude of two-dimensional projections are taken, from which the object is reconstructed in its three-dimensionality.
  • the primary beam technique of Feldkamp (Practical Primary Beam Algorithms" by LA Feldkamp, et al., J. Opt. Soc., Am., A / Issue 1, No. 6, June 1984) can be used.
  • the term "filtered backprojection" (FBP) is known, all projection images are filtered first and then projected back into their spatial form.
  • the method is used in commercial tomographic scanners, especially in spiral CTs or primary beam C-arms.
  • Such a diagnostic device is shown, for example, in EP 1 000 582 A2, this C-arm having the special feature that its source-detector arrangement is designed to compensate movements of the device, such as vibrations, in order to ensure a constant exact orientation of the axis of rotation To ensure (isocentric rotation).
  • the movements of the device are determined by sensors whose output signals control corresponding actuators.
  • a disadvantage of the previously known methods is that they are relatively inflexible with respect to their arrangement and can hardly adapt to the spatial conditions defined by the object to be examined.
  • cone beam tomographs of different imaging geometry are designed for different applications in order to optimize the costs and space requirements of the devices.
  • it is in the known Procedures difficult to consider the individual anatomy of the patient. Thus compromises are necessary in many respects, among which the receptivity, the radiation exposure and thus the patient has to suffer.
  • the object of the invention is now to provide a generic method that can be implemented inexpensively by simple means and that ensures a great deal of flexibility in terms of the geometry of the objects to be examined at low radiation exposure.
  • the essential basic idea of the invention is to use as many degrees of freedom as possible in the movement of source and detector in relation to the object to be recorded in the context of the method during recording, without overburdening the performance of the evaluation programs with the complexity of the movement.
  • the invention is to implement these principles in a structurally simple and reliably operating in practice device. This possibility is opened up by the fact that the axis of rotation itself about which the source-detector arrangement rotates is changed during the recording of a sequence actively and in particular with respect to the object to be recorded, this change in a parallel displacement and / or a pivoting of the Rotation axis is located.
  • the source and / or the detector is moved relative to one another within the source-detector arrangement designed as a constructive unit.
  • the rotatably mounted source-detector arrangement thus forms a rotating frame in which the source and / or the detector are moved.
  • this movement can each be a pivoting or lying in a parallel and / or radial displacement to the axis of rotation of the source-detector arrangement.
  • the source to the detector can be rearranged during the scan.
  • the axis of rotation relative to the object to be examined can be displaced and / or pivoted during a recording sequence.
  • the detector and radiation source can be moved radially to the current rotation axis during the recording and away from the current rotation axis. It is also advantageous if detector and radiation source can additionally move parallel to the current axis of rotation during recording. In principle, any desired paths (scanning curves) on which the radiation source and the detector move can be generated with the invention. Of course, care must be taken to ensure that the source and detector are aligned with each other in such a way that the radiation hits the active surface of the detector at all times. The computer functionality necessary for the evaluation of the picture taken along the scanning curve must be provided accordingly.
  • the advantages of the method and apparatus of the present invention which provides more freedom in terms of relative position of source, object and detector, are obvious: the advantages over a conventional cone-beam tomography apparatus are the better resolution and contrast within the reconstructed volume, the lower radiation exposure of the object, in particular the patient, the magnification of the reconstructible volume and the lower
  • the imaging geometry for each individual image can be optimized with regard to the following factors:
  • settings can be selected for a sequence in which the movement of the radiation source and detector do not interfere.
  • the movement can thus be adapted to the contour of the object, in particular of the body part. Because of the relatively large dimensional flexibility of the object, devices with a more compact mechanical design can be designed, which has a positive effect on the cost and space requirements of the tomography device.
  • the relevant parts of the object for which a 3D distribution is to be created are recorded as completely as possible by the cone beam at each exposure.
  • the movement can be adjusted so that the non-relevant parts of the object, for which no 3D distribution is to be created, if possible, are not detected by the cone beam.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the relevant anatomical structures can be homogeneously irradiated in the sense that the integrated absorption along all individual beams from the radiation source through the detector to the object is approximately equal. This ensures maximum dynamics and thus contrast with minimal dose.
  • the geometric arrangement ie by the ratio of the distance between the detector and the radiation source and the distance between the radiation source and object, the magnification and thus the resolution of the 2D single images and thus in turn the resolution in the reconstructed 3D volume can be influenced.
  • the resolution of the individual images also depends on the geometric extent of the radiation source.
  • the extent of the radiation source is the X-ray focus on the anode.
  • the influence of the spatial extent of the source increases with increasing magnification and the resolution accordingly.
  • the advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the optimum imaging geometry can be found according to the requirements for each cone-beam tomography device, since the movement is not limited to circle and ellipse.
  • the movement of the individual components, as well as the positions at which individual recordings are carried out, and the diaphragm settings are defined before a recording sequence and are set computer-controlled and motor-driven during the sequence.
  • individual images can be made from a sequence with different radiation doses, which can lead to a higher resolution with respect to the densities and an improved contrast within the object to be examined.
  • a preferred field of application of the device according to the invention is tooth and jaw diagnostics.
  • the recordings made with the device according to the invention are planned in advance on the computer on the basis of simulations.
  • volume data recorded by conventional methods can form the basis of the simulation by the patient.
  • the results of the simulation are then used to control the corresponding drives of the device according to the invention.
  • patient-specific processes that take into account in particular different individual anatomies, such as thick, thin, large or small. These procedures can be planned on the basis of the external anatomy of the patient, which was recorded in advance (visually or with the mechanics of the device). It is also possible to manually run the lanes in advance and save them directly for a later scan.
  • the radiation source In order to optimally illuminate the detector with the emitted cone beam without unnecessarily burdening subregions of the object, it is furthermore advantageous to provide the radiation source with an adaptive aperture device whose opening geometry can be set to be motor-driven and computer-controlled.
  • the position of the individual images is selected such that one of the known reconstruction methods, in particular the o.g. Primary beam technology can be used to reconstruct the 3D distribution.
  • This requires the calibration of the geometry for each individual image in order to correctly reconstruct the three-dimensional representation. Calibration can be done online during the scan or offline, with the off-line calibration being performed once based on a reference object of known geometry, such as described in US 6,715,918.
  • metal artefacts generated by metal objects can be reduced.
  • Such metal artefacts can be avoided, especially with C-arms, which result from increased absorption (occlusions), as they are especially caused by tooth filling.
  • strongly absorbing objects can completely absorb the X-ray radiation, which in the recorded data record has the effect of a lack of information.
  • This loss of information creates artifacts, in particular, when the classical algorithms are used for reconstruction, where the process of backprojection consists of a summation. In the case of occlusions, the summation is inconsistent and the values saturate outside the permissible range.
  • the essential idea of the invention lies in the special arrangement which allows it during the recording to move the source, the detector, the axis of rotation and / or the isocenter in particular in all degrees of freedom relative to each other.
  • an optimal adaptation to the requirements, in particular to the patient anatomy, the homogeneous fluoroscopy, the radiation exposure, the image quality, the reconstructed volume and the available space is possible.
  • An isocenter of rotation is no longer assumed in the invention.
  • the figure shows schematically a primary beam scanner system with a source 1 for X-radiation.
  • the radiation exits from the source 1 in a beam cone 2 with a central beam 3.
  • the radiation source 1 is provided with a motor-driven and computer-controlled adaptive diaphragm 8, which limits the beam cone 2.
  • An object 4 in this case the head of a standing patient, is irradiated with the beam cone 2, the beam weakening in its intensity as it passes through the head 4 impinging on a detector 5 which has a multiplicity of individual detector elements on its active surface. Each of these detector elements receives a weakened partial beam of the beam cone 2.
  • the arrangement of source 1 and detector 5 is rotated about the axis 6 (Arrow A), wherein the source 1 and the detector 5 in a rotatable source-detector assembly 7, which is similar to a C-arm summarized.
  • the detector creates single shots, the radiation weakened by the absorption in the object.
  • the detector may be an X-ray image intensifier or a "Fiatpanel detector”.
  • the adaptive diaphragm 8 which can be designed as a "multi-leaf collimator" it is possible to set the beam cone continuously in the direction and extent during a recording sequence
  • the angle of the center beam 3 during the recording is set to be the detector 4 hits in the middle.
  • the ceiling plate 10 does not necessarily have to be vertically oriented. It can also be adjustable in its inclination.
  • the shift in the plane of the ceiling plate 10 occurs during the recording of a sequence, in this case during rotation about the axis of rotation 6.
  • the displacement which in this case is a parallel displacement of the axis of rotation, is planned and set in advance of recording the sequence , A computer then takes over the control of the given movement during the recording.
  • degrees of freedom are also provided in the reference system of the source-detector array 7.
  • the source 1 and the detector 5 are each mounted on a support arm 12 which is slidably suspended on a holder 13, wherein the common support 13 is oriented vertically in relation to the axis of rotation 6.
  • the common support 13 is oriented vertically in relation to the axis of rotation 6.
  • source 1 and the detector 5 tiltably. By tilting it can be achieved that the inclination of source 8 and detector can be selected so that the lower edge beam is horizontal. By this arrangement, the irradiation of the shoulder is avoided and the detector 5 can be brought relatively close to the patient 4.
  • the movements of the source 1 and the detector 5 along the arrows D, E, F and G or a tilting is planned and set in advance of the recording, in turn, a computer accomplishes the control of the predetermined movement during recording.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour réaliser des images de tomographie tridimensionnelles d'un objet (4), une source de rayonnement (1), notamment une source de rayons X, étant déplacée relativement à l'objet (4). La source de rayonnement (1) envoie un faisceau dans un cône lumineux (2) vers l'objet (4). Le rayonnement traversant l'objet (4) a une intensité affaiblie et il est capté par un détecteur (5) disposé derrière l'objet (4) dans le cône lumineux (2) relativement à la source de rayonnement (1). La source de rayonnement (1) et le détecteur (5) sont regroupés en un ensemble source-détecteur (7) qui, pendant la réalisation des images, tourne autour d'un axe de rotation (6) dans le référentiel défini par l'objet (4). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que, pendant la réalisation des images, l'axe de rotation (6) est modifié et/ou la source (1) et/ou le détecteur (5) sont déplacés dans le référentiel défini par l'ensemble source-détecteur (7).
EP06706529A 2005-01-31 2006-01-31 Appareil de tomographie a geometrie d'image variable Withdrawn EP1843703A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005004502.2A DE102005004502B4 (de) 2005-01-31 2005-01-31 Verfahren zur Erzeugung 3D-tomographischer Bilder eines Objektes
PCT/EP2006/000842 WO2006082028A1 (fr) 2005-01-31 2006-01-31 Appareil de tomographie a geometrie d'image variable

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1843703A1 true EP1843703A1 (fr) 2007-10-17

Family

ID=36251388

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06706529A Withdrawn EP1843703A1 (fr) 2005-01-31 2006-01-31 Appareil de tomographie a geometrie d'image variable

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20080310584A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1843703A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008528985A (fr)
KR (1) KR20070104924A (fr)
CN (1) CN101111192A (fr)
DE (1) DE102005004502B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006082028A1 (fr)

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USRE48415E1 (en) 2012-11-08 2021-02-02 J. Morita Manufacturing Corporation X-ray photography apparatus
JP5709820B2 (ja) * 2012-11-08 2015-04-30 株式会社モリタ製作所 Ｘ線撮影装置
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DE102016013315B4 (de) * 2016-11-08 2024-07-11 RayScan Technologies GmbH Messsystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Messsystems
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005004502B4 (de) 2018-08-23
CN101111192A (zh) 2008-01-23
JP2008528985A (ja) 2008-07-31
DE102005004502A1 (de) 2006-08-10
KR20070104924A (ko) 2007-10-29
WO2006082028A1 (fr) 2006-08-10
US20080310584A1 (en) 2008-12-18

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