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EP1728571A1 - Insulated feeder head and method of making same - Google Patents

Insulated feeder head and method of making same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1728571A1
EP1728571A1 EP06114893A EP06114893A EP1728571A1 EP 1728571 A1 EP1728571 A1 EP 1728571A1 EP 06114893 A EP06114893 A EP 06114893A EP 06114893 A EP06114893 A EP 06114893A EP 1728571 A1 EP1728571 A1 EP 1728571A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
feeder
hollow spheres
insulating
glass
binder
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP06114893A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1728571B1 (en
Inventor
Rolf STÖCKLEIN
Eckhard Mekus
Ulrich Lanver
Carsten Kuhlgatz
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Chemex GmbH
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Chemex GmbH
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Priority to PL06114893T priority Critical patent/PL1728571T3/en
Publication of EP1728571A1 publication Critical patent/EP1728571A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/082—Sprues, pouring cups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor
    • B22D7/102—Hot tops therefor from refractorial material only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to insulating feeders and to processes for their preparation.
  • feeder includes both feeder shells, feeder inserts and feeder caps, and heating pads.
  • liquid metal is poured into a casting mold and solidifies there.
  • the solidification process is associated with a reduction in the volume of metal and it is therefore regularly feeder, ie open or closed spaces used in or on the mold to equalize the volume deficit in the solidification of the casting and so prevent voids formation in the casting.
  • Feeders are connected to the casting or vulnerable casting area and are usually located above and / or on the side of the mold cavity.
  • Insulating feeders are made from moldable insulating compositions and are distinguished from exothermic feeders made from exothermic masses that self-heat by an aluminothermic reaction. Insulating feeders first absorb heat from the molten metal as the mold is poured, until temperature equalization occurs; From this point on, they will protect the liquid casting metal against further heat loss for a certain period of time. Insulating feeders thus delay the onset of solidification and promote the supply of feed.
  • insulating feeders are feeders comprising less than 1% by weight of oxidisable metals.
  • insulating feeders according to the invention do not comprise any oxidizable metal.
  • insulating feeders within the meaning of the above definition z. B. undergo an exothermic reaction due to the presence of organic materials in the foundry.
  • the insulating feeder according to the invention also has a particularly good insulating effect, which is probably due to the particularly low bulk density of the glass hollow spheres to be used according to the invention and in significantly increased solidification times (for filled cast metal) in comparison with feeders containing only ceramic hollow spheres.
  • a bulk density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 is lower than the bulk density of the ceramic hollow spheres conventionally used so far in insulating feeders.
  • the glass hollow spheres used in the insulating feeders according to the invention preferably have a bulk density of less than 0.2 g / cm 3 , preferably even a bulk density of less than 0.15 g / cm 3 . Glass hollow spheres with such bulk densities are commercially available, e.g. B. Glass hollow spheres with the trade name Q-CEL® (supplier: Omega Minerals).
  • the ceramic hollow spheres used in the insulating feeders according to the invention have an insulating effect, and they stabilize - due to their high temperature stability - the structure of an insulating feeder according to the invention during the casting.
  • the ceramic hollow spheres optionally together with additional further filling materials, alleviate a disadvantage which may be associated with the use of glass hollow spheres in the feeders according to the invention: Glass hollow spheres allow, due to their transparency, heat transport due to heat radiation; However, ceramic hollow spheres are comparatively non-transparent and therefore reduce this effect.
  • insulating feeders according to the invention which were embedded in the molding sand for casting, after the casting very easy and at least substantially residue-free again separated from the molding sand.
  • This observation is probably directly related to the increased strength of the feeder, which - as stated above - is probably due to the proportion of glass hollow spheres used.
  • the molding sand can be bound in the usual way, for example with resin or bentonite as a binder.
  • fiber material in insulating feeders according to the invention is often advantageous for effecting additional reinforcement of the feeder.
  • fiber materials to be used see below.
  • the range of 2: 1 to 6: 1 is particularly preferred.
  • the hollow glass spheres to be used in insulating feeders according to the invention preferably have a grain size, ie minimum and maximum diameter, in the range of 30-170 microns, and the ceramic hollow spheres to be used preferably have a grain size in the range of 2-500 microns, with a grain size in the range of 20-150 ⁇ m is particularly preferred.
  • the granulation of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres in insulating feeders according to the invention is thus advantageously quite similar.
  • the relationship the average hollow sphere diameter of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres is preferably in the range from 1: 5 to 5: 1.
  • the total amount of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres is preferably in the range from 40 to 80% by weight, preferably in the range from 40 to 60% by weight, based on the total mass of the feeder.
  • an insulating feeder according to the invention is in some cases undesirably reduced.
  • the insulating effect of the feeder according to the invention is in some cases undesirably reduced.
  • the amount of cured binder is preferably in the range of 15-35 wt%, again based on the total mass of the feeder.
  • the relative binder content of the feeder according to the invention is thus quite high; However, this does not involve an unacceptably high absolute amount of binder, because an inventive insulating feeder is very light due to the high proportion of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres.
  • the preferred inventive insulating feeders with the stated (total) amounts of glass hollow spheres, ceramic hollow spheres and cured binder not only have a particularly high strength, but also a particularly high hot strength.
  • An insulating feeder according to the invention preferably comprises organic fiber material and / or no inorganic fiber materials.
  • organic fiber materials is preferred, the use of inorganic fiber materials should be avoided.
  • Such a waiver of inorganic Fiber materials leads to safer methods for the production of inventive insulating feeders, since no respirable particles can break off from inorganic fiber materials.
  • the fiber length of the cellulose fibers used is preferably in the range of 30-800 ⁇ m.
  • An insulating feeder according to the invention comprises cured binder.
  • this cured binder is the curing product of a binder which is selected from the group consisting of: Duroplast brieflyner, silicate and starch, preferably from the group consisting of: Resitchanner, nanocomposite binder (preparation of partially hydrolyzed silicic acid esters and silanes) water glass, starch.
  • Starch is preferably used as a binder if the green state or slurry process (filter slurry process) is to be used to produce the insulating feeder according to the invention.
  • filter slurry process the use of starch promotes the floating behavior, thus counteracts segregation, in the green state process, the use of starch leads to the required green state stability.
  • digested native and modified starches can be used.
  • Phenol resins can also be used as binder component.
  • Preferred phenolic resins are hexamethylenetetramine-milled phenolic novolacs such as those of the Resital® type (product of Wilsontenes-Albertus) and Supraplast-Novolake (product of Süd-West-Chemie).
  • binder component is melamine.
  • melamine and formaldehyde together with other aldehyde-reactive compounds such as phenols. It then form melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resins (MPF resins).
  • MPF resins melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resins
  • z melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resins
  • Example the use of a mixture of a ground with hexamethylenetetramine phenolic novolac and melamine.
  • Nanocomposite binders are particularly preferred for the preparation of an insulating feeder according to the invention. Preparations of partially hydrolyzed silicic acid esters and silanes can be used in particular as nanocomposite binders.
  • the nanocomposite binders as used in the US Pat DE 196 47 369 A1 such as WO 98/22241 are described.
  • Silica esters which are suitable as nanocomposite binders are commercially available under the name DYNASIL® (Degussa), cf. Examples 4 and 5 below.
  • An insulating feeder according to the invention comprises, in addition to hollow glass spheres, ceramic hollow spheres and, if appropriate, fibrous material, in some cases further materials which may be referred to as filler material. It is advantageous z. B. when using a nanocomposite binder, the presence of biogenic silica, the z. In the form of rice husk ash (eg obtainable under the name Silimat®G from Refratechnik). As other fillers but z. As well as kaolin, sand, chamotte and / or coke, and finely dispersed, inert metal oxides such as those of titanium, aluminum or silicon are used.
  • this biogenic silica is a preferred substrate for nanocomposite binder, is very light in weight, and inert to the other components during feeder production and pouring.
  • the ceramic hollow spheres have a bulk density of less than 0.5 g / cm 3 .
  • the density of insulating feeders according to the invention is preferably less than 0.6 g / cm 3 .
  • the step of molding is preferably carried out by the slurry process or the green state process.
  • Example 1 (fiber-free green mass):
  • the moldable insulating was formed by the green state method to a feeder cap and the binder (phenolic resin) cured.
  • the insulating feeder cap was used when pouring a cast iron piece. It was obtained a high quality casting.
  • the density of the insulating feeder cap was 0.55 g / cm 3 .
  • the mouldable insulating compound was formed into a feeder cap by the slurry process and the binder (phenolic resin) was cured.
  • the insulating feeder cap was used when pouring a cast iron piece. It was obtained a high quality casting.
  • the density of the insulating feeder cap was 0.4 g / cm 3 .
  • the mouldable insulating compound was formed into a feeder cap by the slurry process and the binder (phenolic resin) was cured.
  • the insulating feeder cap was used when pouring a cast iron piece. It was obtained a high quality casting.
  • the density of the insulating feeder cap was 0.3 g / cm 3 .
  • the moldable insulating was formed by the green state method to a feeder cap and the binder (phenolic resin) cured.
  • the insulating feeder cap was used when pouring a cast iron piece. It was obtained a high quality casting.
  • the density of the insulating feeder cap was 0.3 g / cm 3 .
  • the mouldable insulating compound was formed into a feeder cap by the slurry process and the binder (phenolic resin) was cured.
  • the insulating feeder cap was used when pouring a cast iron piece. It was obtained a high quality casting.
  • the density of the insulating feeder cap was 0.3 g / cm 3 .
  • a total of four insulating compounds mixtures were prepared (mixtures 1, 2, 3 and 4) and used for the production of feeder caps.
  • the mixtures 1 and 2 were produced by the slurry process, and the mixtures 3 and 4 by the green state process.
  • the mixtures 1 and 3 are provided for producing feeders according to the invention, in particular they contain glass hollow spheres with a layer density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 .
  • the mixtures 2 and 4 are intended for the production of comparative feeders; they do not contain glass bubbles.
  • the feeder caps based on the mixtures 1 and 2 were prepared by the slurry process.
  • the water was placed in a vessel and stirred homogeneously with the kaolin, the phenolic resin and melamine. Subsequently, the other components of the insulating materials were added in portions with continued stirring until a uniform slip mass was present. This slip mass was sucked off in a tool.
  • the feeder caps thus prepared were then dried at 180 ° C.
  • the formulations of the insulating compositions for the production of feeder caps according to the green state method can be found in the following Table 2.
  • feeder caps were produced by the green state method. For this purpose, a largely homogeneous powder mixture was prepared from all components except water. The water was then added in a laboratory mixer. After a mixing time of about 2 minutes, a ready-to-use mixture was present, from which feeders were mashed and then dried at 180.degree.
  • the feeder caps produced on the basis of mixtures 1, 2, 3 and 4 were then poured off with a standard alloy of the type AI Si10Mg at a casting temperature of about 850 ° C.
  • solidification curves which are shown in the accompanying figures 1 and 2.
  • Fig. 1 shows the solidification curves for the feeder caps based on the mixtures 1 and 2
  • Fig. 2 shows the solidification curves for the feeder caps based on the mixtures 3 and 4.
  • the feeder caps on basis the inventive mixtures 1 and 3 have a longer solidification time in comparison with the non-inventive feeder caps based on the mixtures 2 and 4.
  • feeder caps according to the invention are superior to feeder caps, which do not comprise glass hollow spheres.
  • minor adjustments had to be made in the formulas with respect to phenolic resin, melamine and water components to produce stable feeder caps. These minor deviations are not responsible for the different solidification times of non-inventive and inventive feeder caps.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

An insulating feed unit for use in casting, comprises hollow ceramic spheres with a density of less than 0.3 g/cm3, a hardened binding agent, and fibre material. The unit is produced by mixing the spheres, the binding agent and the fibre material, then forming the mixture and hardening it.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft isolierende Speiser sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung.The present invention relates to insulating feeders and to processes for their preparation.

Der Begriff "Speiser" umfasst dabei im Rahmen der vorliegenden Unterlagen sowohl Speiserumhüllungen, Speisereinsätze und Speiserkappen als auch Heizkissen.As used herein, the term "feeder" includes both feeder shells, feeder inserts and feeder caps, and heating pads.

Bei der Herstellung von metallischen Formteilen in der Gießerei wird flüssiges Metall in eine Gießform eingefüllt und erstarrt dort. Der Erstarrungsvorgang ist mit einer Verringerung des Metallvolumens verbunden und es werden deshalb regelmäßig Speiser, d. h. offene oder geschlossene Räume in oder an der Gießform eingesetzt, um das Volumendefizit bei der Erstarrung des Gussstücks anzugleichen und so eine Lunkerbildung im Gussstück zu verhindern. Speiser sind mit dem Gussstück bzw. mit dem gefährdeten Gussstückbereich verbunden und befinden sich für gewöhnlich oberhalb und/oder an der Seite des Formhohlraums.In the production of metallic moldings in the foundry, liquid metal is poured into a casting mold and solidifies there. The solidification process is associated with a reduction in the volume of metal and it is therefore regularly feeder, ie open or closed spaces used in or on the mold to equalize the volume deficit in the solidification of the casting and so prevent voids formation in the casting. Feeders are connected to the casting or vulnerable casting area and are usually located above and / or on the side of the mold cavity.

Isolierende Speiser werden aus formbaren isolierenden Zusammensetzungen (Isoliermassen) hergestellt und sind zu unterscheiden von exothermen Speisern, welche aus exothermen Massen hergestellt sind, die sich durch eine aluminothermische Reaktion selbst erwärmen. Isolierende Speiser nehmen beim Abgießen der Form zuerst Wärme aus dem flüssigen Metall auf, bis sich ein Temperaturausgleich einstellt; von diesem Zeitpunkt an schützen sie das flüssige Gießmetall eine gewisse Zeit gegen weitere Wärmeverluste. Isolierende Speiser verzögern somit den Erstarrungsbeginn und fördern die Dichtspeisung.Insulating feeders are made from moldable insulating compositions and are distinguished from exothermic feeders made from exothermic masses that self-heat by an aluminothermic reaction. Insulating feeders first absorb heat from the molten metal as the mold is poured, until temperature equalization occurs; From this point on, they will protect the liquid casting metal against further heat loss for a certain period of time. Insulating feeders thus delay the onset of solidification and promote the supply of feed.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Unterlagen sind isolierende Speiser solche Speiser, die weniger als 1 Gew.-% oxidierbare Metalle umfassen. Vorzugsweise umfassen erfindungsgemäße isolierende Speiser (wie unten im Detail definiert) gar kein oxidierbares Metall. Es ist jedoch nicht ausgeschlossen, dass isolierende Speiser im Sinne der vorstehenden Definition z. B. aufgrund der Anwesenheit organischer Materialien im Gießereibetrieb eine exotherme Reaktion durchlaufen.As used herein, insulating feeders are feeders comprising less than 1% by weight of oxidisable metals. Preferably, insulating feeders according to the invention (as defined in detail below) do not comprise any oxidizable metal. However, it is not excluded that insulating feeders within the meaning of the above definition z. B. undergo an exothermic reaction due to the presence of organic materials in the foundry.

Es war die primäre Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen isolierenden Speiser anzugeben, der eine hohe Festigkeit besitzt, bei geringem Gewicht eine gute isolierende Wirkung besitzt und sich zudem vorzugsweise nach dem Abgießen leicht und zumindest im Wesentlichen rückstandsfrei wieder von dem Formsand trennen lässt, in den er während des Gießereibetriebs eingebettet wird.It was the primary object of the present invention to provide an insulating feeder, which has a high strength, has a good insulating effect at low weight and also preferably after casting easily and at least substantially residue-free can be separated again from the molding sand, in the it is embedded during the foundry operation.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch einen isolierenden Speiser zur Verwendung in der Gießereiindustrie, umfassend

  • keramische Hohlkugeln,
  • Glas-Hohlkugeln mit einer Schüttdichte von weniger als 0,3 g/cm3,
  • ausgehärtetes Bindemittel,
  • gegebenenfalls Fasermaterial.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by an insulating feeder for use in the foundry industry, comprising
  • ceramic hollow spheres,
  • Glass hollow spheres with a bulk density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 ,
  • hardened binder,
  • optionally fiber material.

Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, dass durch die gleichzeitige Anwesenheit von (a) keramischen Hohlkugeln und (b) Glas-Hohlkugeln mit einer Schüttdichte von weniger als 0,3g/cm3 in dem erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speiser im Gießbetrieb (d. h. beim Abgießen, wobei Temperaturen von bis zu 1400°C auf den isolierenden Speiser einwirken) eine erhöhte Festigkeit des Speisers erreichbar ist, die auch nach dem Abgießen noch zu beobachten ist. Diese erhöhte Festigkeit ist vermutlich auf die Anwesenheit der Glas-Hohlkugeln zurückzuführen.Surprisingly, it has been shown that by the simultaneous presence of (a) ceramic hollow spheres and (b) glass hollow spheres having a bulk density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 in the insulating feeder according to the invention in Casting operation (ie during casting, with temperatures of up to 1400 ° C acting on the insulating feeder) increased strength of the feeder is reached, which is still observed after pouring. This increased strength is presumably due to the presence of the glass hollow spheres.

Der erfindungsgemäße isolierende Speiser besitzt zudem eine besonders gute isolierende Wirkung, die vermutlich auf die besonders geringe Schüttdichte der erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Glas-Hohlkugeln zurückzuführen ist und sich in deutlich erhöhten Erstarrungszeiten (für eingefülltes Gießmetall) im Vergleich mit Speisern zeigt, die lediglich keramische Hohlkugeln enthalten. Eine Schüttdichte von weniger als 0,3 g/cm3, wie sie für die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Glas-Hohlkugeln vorgesehen ist, ist geringer als die Schüttdichte der üblicherweise in isolierenden Speisern bislang eingesetzten keramischen Hohlkugeln. Vorzugsweise besitzen die in erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisern eingesetzten Glas-Hohlkugeln eine Schüttdichte von weniger als 0,2g/cm3, bevorzugt sogar eine Schüttdichte von weniger als 0,15 g/cm3. Glas-Hohlkugeln mit solchen Schüttdichten sind im Handel erhältlich, z. B. Glas-Hohlkugeln mit dem Handelsnamen Q-CEL® (Lieferant: Omega Minerals).The insulating feeder according to the invention also has a particularly good insulating effect, which is probably due to the particularly low bulk density of the glass hollow spheres to be used according to the invention and in significantly increased solidification times (for filled cast metal) in comparison with feeders containing only ceramic hollow spheres. A bulk density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 , as provided for the glass hollow spheres to be used according to the invention, is lower than the bulk density of the ceramic hollow spheres conventionally used so far in insulating feeders. The glass hollow spheres used in the insulating feeders according to the invention preferably have a bulk density of less than 0.2 g / cm 3 , preferably even a bulk density of less than 0.15 g / cm 3 . Glass hollow spheres with such bulk densities are commercially available, e.g. B. Glass hollow spheres with the trade name Q-CEL® (supplier: Omega Minerals).

Die in den erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisern eingesetzten keramischen Hohlkugeln wirken isolierend, und sie stabilisieren ― aufgrund ihrer hohen Temperaturstabilität ― die Struktur eines erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisers während des Abgießens. Zudem lindern die keramischen Hohlkugeln, gegebenenfalls gemeinsam mit zusätzlichen weiteren Füllmaterialien, einen Nachteil, der mit dem Einsatz von Glas-Hohlkugeln in den erfindungsgemäßen Speisern verbunden sein dürfte: Glas-Hohlkugeln ermöglichen nämlich aufgrund ihrer Transparenz einen Wärmetransport aufgrund von Wärmestrahlung; keramische Hohlkugeln sind aber vergleichsweise intransparent und reduzieren deshalb diesen Effekt.The ceramic hollow spheres used in the insulating feeders according to the invention have an insulating effect, and they stabilize - due to their high temperature stability - the structure of an insulating feeder according to the invention during the casting. In addition, the ceramic hollow spheres, optionally together with additional further filling materials, alleviate a disadvantage which may be associated with the use of glass hollow spheres in the feeders according to the invention: Glass hollow spheres allow, due to their transparency, heat transport due to heat radiation; However, ceramic hollow spheres are comparatively non-transparent and therefore reduce this effect.

Überraschenderweise hat sich zudem gezeigt, dass sich erfindungsgemäße isolierende Speiser, die zum Gussbetrieb in Formsand eingebettet wurden, nach dem Abguss besonders leicht und zumindest im Wesentlichen rückstandsfrei wieder von dem Formsand trennen ließen. Diese Beobachtung steht vermutlich in direktem Zusammenhang mit der erhöhten Festigkeit des Speisers, welche ― wie oben ausgeführt ― wohl auf den Anteil eingesetzter Glas-Hohlkugeln zurückzuführen ist. Der Formsand kann dabei auf übliche Weise gebunden sein, z.B. mit Harz oder Bentonit als Bindemittel.Surprisingly, it has also been found that insulating feeders according to the invention, which were embedded in the molding sand for casting, after the casting very easy and at least substantially residue-free again separated from the molding sand. This observation is probably directly related to the increased strength of the feeder, which - as stated above - is probably due to the proportion of glass hollow spheres used. The molding sand can be bound in the usual way, for example with resin or bentonite as a binder.

Die Anwesenheit von Fasermaterial in erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisern ist oft vorteilhaft, um eine zusätzliche Armierung des Speiser zu bewirken. Hinsichtlich bevorzugter einzusetzender Fasermaterialien siehe weiter unten.The presence of fiber material in insulating feeders according to the invention is often advantageous for effecting additional reinforcement of the feeder. For preferred fiber materials to be used, see below.

Zum Erreichen besonders hoher Festigkeiten und Isolierwirkungen ist es vorteilhaft, das Gewichtsverhältnis von keramischen Hohlkugeln zu Glas-Hohlkugeln mit einer Schüttdichte von weniger als 0,3 g/cm3 im Bereich von 1:1 - 10:1 zu wählen. Der Bereich von 2:1 bis 6:1 ist besonders bevorzugt.To achieve particularly high strengths and insulating effects, it is advantageous to choose the weight ratio of ceramic hollow spheres to glass hollow spheres with a bulk density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 in the range of 1: 1-10: 1. The range of 2: 1 to 6: 1 is particularly preferred.

Bei höheren Anteilen an Glas-Hohlkugeln in einem erfindungsgemäßen Speiser wächst die Gefahr, dass der jeweilige Speiser im Einzelfall eine für den Gießereibetrieb zu geringe Stabilität besitzt.With higher proportions of glass hollow spheres in a feeder according to the invention, there is a growing danger that the respective feeder in individual cases has a stability which is too low for foundry operation.

Bei niedrigeren Anteilen an Glas-Hohlkugeln in einem erfindungsgemäßen Speiser werden in manchen Fällen keine sehr hohen Festigkeiten mehr erreicht, die Ablösbarkeit vom Formsand nach dem Abgießen ist in manchen Fällen nicht mehr optimal, und die isolierende Wirkung des Speisers ist in manchen Fällen nicht mehr so hoch wie erwünscht.With lower proportions of glass hollow spheres in a feeder according to the invention, very high strengths are no longer achieved in some cases, the removability from the molding sand after casting off is in some cases no longer optimal, and the insulating effect of the feeder is in some cases no longer so high as desired.

Die in erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisern einzusetzenden Glas-Hohlkugeln besitzen vorzugsweise eine Körnung, d. h. minimale und maximale Durchmesser, im Bereich von 30-170 µm, und die einzusetzenden keramischen Hohlkugeln besitzen vorzugsweise eine Körnung im Bereich von 2 - 500 µm, wobei eine Körnung im Bereich von 20 - 150 µm besonders bevorzugt ist. Die Körnung von Glas-Hohlkugeln und keramischen Hohlkugeln in erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisern ist somit vorteilhafterweise recht ähnlich. Das Verhältnis der mittleren Hohlkugeldurchmesser von Glas-Hohlkugeln und keramischen Hohlkugeln liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 1:5 bis 5:1.The hollow glass spheres to be used in insulating feeders according to the invention preferably have a grain size, ie minimum and maximum diameter, in the range of 30-170 microns, and the ceramic hollow spheres to be used preferably have a grain size in the range of 2-500 microns, with a grain size in the range of 20-150 μm is particularly preferred. The granulation of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres in insulating feeders according to the invention is thus advantageously quite similar. The relationship the average hollow sphere diameter of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres is preferably in the range from 1: 5 to 5: 1.

In erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisern liegt die Gesamtmenge von Glas-Hohlkugeln und keramischen Hohlkugeln vorzugsweise im Bereich von 40 - 80 Gew.-%, bevorzugt im Bereich von 40 - 60 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des Speisers.In insulating feeders according to the invention, the total amount of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres is preferably in the range from 40 to 80% by weight, preferably in the range from 40 to 60% by weight, based on the total mass of the feeder.

Bei höheren Gesamtmengen von Glas-Hohlkugeln und keramischen Hohlkugeln ist die Stabilität eines erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisers in manchen Fällen in unerwünschter Weise reduziert.At higher total amounts of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres, the stability of an insulating feeder according to the invention is in some cases undesirably reduced.

Bei niedrigeren Gesamtmengen von Glas-Hohlkugeln und keramischen Hohlkugeln ist die Isolierwirkung des erfindungsgemäßen Speisers in manchen Fällen in unerwünschter Weise reduziert.At lower total quantities of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres, the insulating effect of the feeder according to the invention is in some cases undesirably reduced.

Liegt die Gesamtmenge von Glas-Hohlkugeln und keramischen Hohlkugeln an einem erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speiser in dem bevorzugten Bereich von 40 - 60 Gew.-%, so liegt die Menge an ausgehärtetem Bindemittel vorzugsweise im Bereich von 15 - 35 Gew.-%, wiederum bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des Speisers. Der relative Bindemittelanteil an dem erfindungsgemäßen Speiser ist somit recht hoch; damit ist jedoch keine inakzeptabel hohe Absolutmenge an Bindemittel verbunden, denn ein erfindungsgemäßer isolierenden Speiser ist aufgrund des hohen Anteils an Glas-Hohlkugeln und keramischen Hohlkugeln sehr leicht. Die bevorzugten erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speiser mit den genannten (Gesamt)Mengen an Glas-Hohlkugeln, keramischen Hohlkugeln und ausgehärtetem Bindemittel besitzen nicht nur eine besonders hohe Festigkeit, sondern auch eine besonders hohe Heißfestigkeit.When the total amount of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres on an insulating feeder according to the invention is in the preferred range of 40-60 wt%, the amount of cured binder is preferably in the range of 15-35 wt%, again based on the total mass of the feeder. The relative binder content of the feeder according to the invention is thus quite high; However, this does not involve an unacceptably high absolute amount of binder, because an inventive insulating feeder is very light due to the high proportion of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres. The preferred inventive insulating feeders with the stated (total) amounts of glass hollow spheres, ceramic hollow spheres and cured binder not only have a particularly high strength, but also a particularly high hot strength.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer isolierender Speiser umfasst vorzugsweise organisches Fasermaterial und/oder keine anorganischen Fasermaterialien. Während also die Anwesenheit organischer Fasermaterialien bevorzugt ist, sollte auf den Einsatz anorganischer Fasermaterialien verzichtet werden. Ein solcher Verzicht auf anorganische Fasermaterialien führt zu gesundheitlich unbedenklicheren Verfahren zur Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer isolierender Speiser, da keine lungengängigen Partikel aus anorganischen Fasermaterialien abbrechen können.An insulating feeder according to the invention preferably comprises organic fiber material and / or no inorganic fiber materials. Thus, while the presence of organic fiber materials is preferred, the use of inorganic fiber materials should be avoided. Such a waiver of inorganic Fiber materials leads to safer methods for the production of inventive insulating feeders, since no respirable particles can break off from inorganic fiber materials.

Der Einsatz organischer Fasermaterialien bewirkt, wie oben bereits erwähnt, eine zusätzliche Armierung des erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisers, die in vielen Fällen gewünscht ist. Vorzugsweise werden in erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisern Cellulosefasern eingesetzt; diese zeichnen sich durch ihr geringes Gewicht aus.The use of organic fiber materials causes, as already mentioned above, an additional reinforcement of the insulating feeder according to the invention, which is desired in many cases. Cellulose fibers are preferably used in insulating feeders according to the invention; These are characterized by their low weight.

Vorzugsweise liegt die Faserlänge der eingesetzten Cellulosefasern dabei im Bereich von 30 - 800 µm.The fiber length of the cellulose fibers used is preferably in the range of 30-800 μm.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer isolierender Speiser umfasst ausgehärtetes Bindemittel. Vorzugsweise ist dieses ausgehärtete Bindemittel das Aushärtungsprodukt eines Bindemittels, welches ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus: Duroplastbildner, Silikatbildner und Stärke, vorzugsweise aus der Gruppe bestehend aus: Resitbildner, Nanokomposit-Binder (Zubereitung aus teilweise hydrolysierten Kieselsäureestern und Silanen) Wasserglas, Stärke.An insulating feeder according to the invention comprises cured binder. Preferably, this cured binder is the curing product of a binder which is selected from the group consisting of: Duroplastbildner, silicate and starch, preferably from the group consisting of: Resitbildner, nanocomposite binder (preparation of partially hydrolyzed silicic acid esters and silanes) water glass, starch.

Stärke wird als Bindemittel vorzugsweise dann eingesetzt, wenn zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisers das Grünstand- oder das Slurry-verfahren (Filterschlickerverfahren) eingesetzt werden soll. Im Slurry-Verfahren fördert der Einsatz von Stärke das Schwebeverhalten, wirkt also einer Entmischung entgegen, im Grünstandverfahren führt der Einsatz von Stärke zu der erforderlichen Grünstandfestigkeit. Es können insbesondere aufgeschlossene native sowie modifizierte Stärken eingesetzt werden.Starch is preferably used as a binder if the green state or slurry process (filter slurry process) is to be used to produce the insulating feeder according to the invention. In the slurry process, the use of starch promotes the floating behavior, thus counteracts segregation, in the green state process, the use of starch leads to the required green state stability. In particular, digested native and modified starches can be used.

Als Bindemittel-Komponente können bevorzugt auch Phenolharze eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugte Phenolharze sind mit Hexamethylentetramin vermahlene Phenolnovolake wie die des Typs Resital® (Produkt von Hüttenes-Albertus) und Supraplast-Novolake (Produkt von Süd-West-Chemie).Phenol resins can also be used as binder component. Preferred phenolic resins are hexamethylenetetramine-milled phenolic novolacs such as those of the Resital® type (product of Hüttenes-Albertus) and Supraplast-Novolake (product of Süd-West-Chemie).

Als Bindemittel-Komponente ebenfalls bevorzugt ist Melamin. Insbesondere ist es bevorzugt, Melamin und Formaldehyd gemeinsam mit anderen gegenüber Aldehyden reaktiven Verbindungen wie Phenolen einzusetzen. Es bilden sich dann Melamin-Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harze (MPF-Harze). Bevorzugt ist z. B. der Einsatz einer Mischung aus einem mit Hexamethylentetramin vermahlenen Phenolnovolak und Melamin.Also preferred as the binder component is melamine. In particular, it is preferred to use melamine and formaldehyde together with other aldehyde-reactive compounds such as phenols. It then form melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resins (MPF resins). Preferably z. Example, the use of a mixture of a ground with hexamethylenetetramine phenolic novolac and melamine.

Nanokomposit-Binder sind zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisers besonders bevorzugt. Als Nanokomposit-Bindemittel können insbesondere Zubereitungen aus teilweise hydrolysierten Kieselsäureestern und Silanen eingesetzt werden. Ebenfalls eingesetzt werden können die Nanokomposit-Bindemittel, wie sie in der DE 196 47 369 A1 sowie WO 98/22241 beschrieben sind. Unter der Bezeichnung DYNASIL® (Degussa) sind als Nanokomposit-Binder geeignete Kieselsäureester im Handel erhältlich, vgl. die Beispiele 4 und 5, unten.Nanocomposite binders are particularly preferred for the preparation of an insulating feeder according to the invention. Preparations of partially hydrolyzed silicic acid esters and silanes can be used in particular as nanocomposite binders. The nanocomposite binders, as used in the US Pat DE 196 47 369 A1 such as WO 98/22241 are described. Silica esters which are suitable as nanocomposite binders are commercially available under the name DYNASIL® (Degussa), cf. Examples 4 and 5 below.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer isolierender Speiser umfasst neben Glashohlkugeln, keramischen Hohlkugeln und gegebenenfalls Fasermaterial in manchen Fällen noch weitere Materialien, die sich als Füllmaterial bezeichnen lassen. Vorteilhaft ist z. B. bei Einsatz eines Nanokomposit-Binders die Anwesenheit biogener Kieselsäure, die z. B. in Form von Reisschalenasche vorliegen kann (z. B. erhältlich unter der Bezeichnung Silimat®G der Firma Refratechnik). Als sonstige Füllmaterialien können aber z. B. auch Kaolin, Sand, Schamotte und/oder Koksgrieß sowie feindisperse, inerte Metalloxide wie die des Titan, Aluminium oder Silizium eingesetzt werden.An insulating feeder according to the invention comprises, in addition to hollow glass spheres, ceramic hollow spheres and, if appropriate, fibrous material, in some cases further materials which may be referred to as filler material. It is advantageous z. B. when using a nanocomposite binder, the presence of biogenic silica, the z. In the form of rice husk ash (eg obtainable under the name Silimat®G from Refratechnik). As other fillers but z. As well as kaolin, sand, chamotte and / or coke, and finely dispersed, inert metal oxides such as those of titanium, aluminum or silicon are used.

Hinsichtlich der bevorzugten Verwendung von Reisschalenasche sei darauf hingewiesen, dass diese biogene Kieselsäure ein bevorzugtes Substrat für Nanokomposit-Binder ist, sich durch ein sehr niedriges Gewicht auszeichnet und sich gegenüber den weiteren Komponenten während der Speiser-Herstellung und des Abgießens inert verhält.With regard to the preferred use of rice husk ash, it should be noted that this biogenic silica is a preferred substrate for nanocomposite binder, is very light in weight, and inert to the other components during feeder production and pouring.

In bevorzugten erfindungsgemäßen isolierenden Speisern besitzen die keramischen Hohlkugeln eine Schüttdichte von weniger als 0,5 g/cm3. Die Dichte erfindungsgemäßer isolierender Speiser ist vorzugsweise kleiner als 0,6 g/cm3.In preferred insulating feeders according to the invention, the ceramic hollow spheres have a bulk density of less than 0.5 g / cm 3 . The density of insulating feeders according to the invention is preferably less than 0.6 g / cm 3 .

Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Speisers (vorzugsweise in einer seiner bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen). Ein erfindungsgemäßes Herstellverfahren umfasst die folgenden Schritte:

  • Mischen von keramischen Hohlkugeln, Glas-Hohlkugeln mit einer Schüttdichte kleiner 0,3 g/cm3, Bindemittel, Wasser sowie gegebenenfalls Fasermaterial und/oder sonstiges Füllmaterial,
  • Formen der Mischung zu einem Speiser,
  • Aushärten des geformten Speisers.
According to a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing a feeder according to the invention (preferably in one of its preferred embodiments). A manufacturing method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
  • Mixing of ceramic hollow spheres, glass hollow spheres with a bulk density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 , binder, water and optionally fibrous material and / or other filling material,
  • Forming the mixture into a feeder,
  • Curing the molded feeder.

Der Schritt des Formens erfolgt dabei vorzugsweise nach dem Slurry-Verfahren oder dem Grünstandverfahren.The step of molding is preferably carried out by the slurry process or the green state process.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert:
Dabei gilt in den Beispielen: "Keramische Hohlkugeln": Schüttdichte: ca. 400 g/l Körnung: 20 - 250 µm "Glashohlkugeln": Schüttdichte: ca. 120 g/l Körnung: 20 - 170 µm "Dynasil XAR": laut Herstellerangaben eine Zubereitung aus: Kieselsäure, Tetraethylester, hydrolysiert, 2-Propanol; Tetraethylsilikat "Phenolharz": Resital® CR 41, Produkt von Hüttenes-Albertus The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments:
The following applies in the examples: "Ceramic Hollow Balls": Bulk density: approx. 400 g / l Grain size: 20 - 250 μm "Glass bubbles": Bulk density: approx. 120 g / l Grain size: 20 - 170 μm "Dynasil XAR": according to the manufacturer's instructions, a preparation of: Silica, tetraethyl ester, hydrolyzed, 2-propanol; tetraethyl "Phenolic resin" Resital® CR 41, product of Hüttenes-Albertus

Beispiel 1 (faserfreie Grünstandsmasse):Example 1 (fiber-free green mass):

Es wurde eine formbare Isoliermasse hergestellt aus Kaolin 6 GT Stärkebinder 6 GT Keramische Hohlkugeln 54 GT Glashohlkugeln 19 GT Phenolharz 15 GT Wasser 35 GT (GT bedeutet dabei hier und nachfolgend Gewichtsteile.) It was made from a malleable insulating kaolin 6 GT starch binders 6 GT Ceramic hollow spheres 54 GT Hollow glass spheres 19 GT phenolic resin 15 GT water 35 GT (GT means here and below parts by weight.)

Die formbare Isoliermasse wurde nach dem Grünstandverfahren zu einer Speiserkappe geformt und das Bindemittel (Phenolharz) ausgehärtet. Die isolierende Speiserkappe wurde beim Abgießen eines Gusstücks aus Eisen eingesetzt. Es wurde ein qualitativ hochwertiges Gussstück erhalten.The moldable insulating was formed by the green state method to a feeder cap and the binder (phenolic resin) cured. The insulating feeder cap was used when pouring a cast iron piece. It was obtained a high quality casting.

Die Dichte der isolierenden Speiserkappe betrug 0,55 g/cm3.The density of the insulating feeder cap was 0.55 g / cm 3 .

Beispiel 2 (Slurry-Masse):Example 2 (slurry mass):

Kaolinkaolin 16 GT16 GT Cellulosefasercellulose fiber 6 GT6 GT Keramische HohlkugelnCeramic hollow spheres 37 GT37 GT GlashohlkugelnHollow glass spheres 6 GT6 GT ReisschalenascheRice husk ash 15 GT15 GT Phenolharzphenolic resin 15 GT15 GT Melaminmelamine 5 GT5 GT Wasserwater 180 GT180 GT

Die formbare Isoliermasse wurde nach dem Slurry-Verfahren zu einer Speiserkappe geformt und das Bindemittel (Phenolharz) ausgehärtet. Die isolierende Speiserkappe wurde beim Abgießen eines Gusstücks aus Eisen eingesetzt. Es wurde ein qualitativ hochwertiges Gussstück erhalten.The mouldable insulating compound was formed into a feeder cap by the slurry process and the binder (phenolic resin) was cured. The insulating feeder cap was used when pouring a cast iron piece. It was obtained a high quality casting.

Die Dichte der isolierenden Speiserkappe betrug 0,4 g/cm3.The density of the insulating feeder cap was 0.4 g / cm 3 .

Beispiel 3 (Slurry-Masse):Example 3 (slurry mass):

Kaolinkaolin 5 GT5 GT Cellulosefasercellulose fiber 5 GT5 GT Keramische HohlkugelnCeramic hollow spheres 35 GT35 GT GlashohlkugelnHollow glass spheres 20 GT20 GT ReisschalenascheRice husk ash 5 GT5 GT Phenolharzphenolic resin 25 GT25 GT Melaminmelamine 5 GT5 GT Wasserwater 200 GT200 GT

Die formbare Isoliermasse wurde nach dem Slurry-Verfahren zu einer Speiserkappe geformt und das Bindemittel (Phenolharz) ausgehärtet. Die isolierende Speiserkappe wurde beim Abgießen eines Gusstücks aus Eisen eingesetzt. Es wurde ein qualitativ hochwertiges Gussstück erhalten.The mouldable insulating compound was formed into a feeder cap by the slurry process and the binder (phenolic resin) was cured. The insulating feeder cap was used when pouring a cast iron piece. It was obtained a high quality casting.

Die Dichte der isolierenden Speiserkappe betrug 0,3 g/cm3.The density of the insulating feeder cap was 0.3 g / cm 3 .

Beispiel 4 (Grünstandsmasse):Example 4 (green mass):

Kaolinkaolin 5 GT5 GT Cellulosefasercellulose fiber 5 GT5 GT Keramische HohlkugelnCeramic hollow spheres 35 GT35 GT GlashohlkugelnHollow glass spheres 20 GT20 GT ReisschalenascheRice husk ash 5 GT5 GT Nanokomposit-Binder (Dynasil XAR, Degussa)Nanocomposite binders (Dynasil XAR, Degussa) 85 GT85 GT Wasserwater 0 GT0 GT

Die formbare Isoliermasse wurde nach dem Grünstandverfahren zu einer Speiserkappe geformt und das Bindemittel (Phenolharz) ausgehärtet. Die isolierende Speiserkappe wurde beim Abgießen eines Gusstücks aus Eisen eingesetzt. Es wurde ein qualitativ hochwertiges Gussstück erhalten.The moldable insulating was formed by the green state method to a feeder cap and the binder (phenolic resin) cured. The insulating feeder cap was used when pouring a cast iron piece. It was obtained a high quality casting.

Die Dichte der isolierenden Speiserkappe betrug 0,3 g/cm3.The density of the insulating feeder cap was 0.3 g / cm 3 .

Beispiel 5 (Filterschlickermasse):Example 5 (filter slurry mass):

Kaolinkaolin 5 GT5 GT Cellulosefasercellulose fiber 5 GT5 GT Keramische HohlkugelnCeramic hollow spheres 35 GT35 GT GlashohlkugelnHollow glass spheres 20 GT20 GT ReisschalenascheRice husk ash 5 GT5 GT Nanokomposit-Binder (Dynasil XAR, Degussa)Nanocomposite binders (Dynasil XAR, Degussa) 85 GT85 GT Wasserwater 100 GT100 GT

Die formbare Isoliermasse wurde nach dem Slurry-Verfahren zu einer Speiserkappe geformt und das Bindemittel (Phenolharz) ausgehärtet. Die isolierende Speiserkappe wurde beim Abgießen eines Gusstücks aus Eisen eingesetzt. Es wurde ein qualitativ hochwertiges Gussstück erhalten.The mouldable insulating compound was formed into a feeder cap by the slurry process and the binder (phenolic resin) was cured. The insulating feeder cap was used when pouring a cast iron piece. It was obtained a high quality casting.

Die Dichte der isolierenden Speiserkappe betrug 0,3 g/cm3.The density of the insulating feeder cap was 0.3 g / cm 3 .

Beispiel 6: Untersuchungen zum Erstarrungsverhalten:Example 6: Studies on the solidification behavior:

Es wurden insgesamt vier Isoliermassen-Mischungen hergestellt (Mischungen 1, 2, 3 und 4) und zur Herstellung von Speiserkappen eingesetzt. Die Mischungen 1 und 2 wurden dabei nach dem Slurry-Verfahren hergestellt, die Mischungen 3 und 4 nach dem Grünstand-Verfahren. Die Mischungen 1 und 3 sind dabei zur Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer Speiser vorgesehen, insbesondere enthalten sie Glashohlkugeln mit einer Schichtdichte von weniger als 0,3 g/cm3. Die Mischungen 2 und 4 sind zur Herstellung von Vergleichsspeisern vorgesehen; sie enthalten keine Glashohlkugeln.A total of four insulating compounds mixtures were prepared (mixtures 1, 2, 3 and 4) and used for the production of feeder caps. The mixtures 1 and 2 were produced by the slurry process, and the mixtures 3 and 4 by the green state process. The mixtures 1 and 3 are provided for producing feeders according to the invention, in particular they contain glass hollow spheres with a layer density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 . The mixtures 2 and 4 are intended for the production of comparative feeders; they do not contain glass bubbles.

Die Rezepturen der Isoliermassen zur Herstellung von Speiserkappen nach dem Slurry-Verfahren lassen sich der nachfolgenden Tabelle 1 entnehmen. Mischung 1 (erf.-gem.) Mischung 2 (Vergleich) Kaolin 5 GT 5 GT Cellulosefasern 5 GT 5 GT Keramische Hohlkugeln 42 GT 67 GT Glashohlkugeln 25 GT ----- Reisschalenasche 5 GT 5 GT Phenolharz 15 GT 11 GT Melamin 3 GT 2 GT Wasser 185 GT 150 GT The formulations of the insulating compositions for the production of feeder caps by the slurry process can be found in Table 1 below. Mixture 1 (erf.-gem.) Mix 2 (comparison) kaolin 5 GT 5 GT cellulose fibers 5 GT 5 GT Ceramic hollow spheres 42 GT 67 GT Hollow glass spheres 25 GT ----- Rice husk ash 5 GT 5 GT phenolic resin 15 GT 11 GT melamine 3 GT 2 GT water 185 GT 150 GT

Die Speiserkappen auf Basis der Mischungen 1 und 2 wurden nach dem Slurry-Verfahren hergestellt. Hierzu wurde das Wasser in einem Gefäß vorgelegt und mit dem Kaolin, dem Phenolharz und Melamin homogen verrührt. Anschließend wurden die weiteren Komponenten der Isoliermassen unter fortgesetztem Rühren portionsweise zugegeben, bis eine gleichmäßige Schlickermasse vorlag. Diese Schlickermasse wurde in einem Werkzeug abgesaugt. Die so hergestellten Speiserkappen wurden anschließend bei 180° C getrocknet.The feeder caps based on the mixtures 1 and 2 were prepared by the slurry process. For this purpose, the water was placed in a vessel and stirred homogeneously with the kaolin, the phenolic resin and melamine. Subsequently, the other components of the insulating materials were added in portions with continued stirring until a uniform slip mass was present. This slip mass was sucked off in a tool. The feeder caps thus prepared were then dried at 180 ° C.

Die Rezepturen der Isoliermassen zur Herstellung von Speiserkappen nach dem Grünstand-Verfahren lassen sich der nachfolgenden Tabelle 2 entnehmen. Mischung 3 (erf.-gem.) Mischung 4 (Vergleich) Kaolin 5 GT 5 GT Stärkebinder 5 GT 5 GT Keramische Hohlkugeln 42 GT 67 GT Glashohlkugeln 25 GT ----- Reisschalenasche 5 GT 5 GT Phenolharz 15 GT 11 GT Melamin 3 GT 2 GT Wasser 35 GT 25 GT The formulations of the insulating compositions for the production of feeder caps according to the green state method can be found in the following Table 2. Mixture 3 (erf.-gem.) Mix 4 (comparison) kaolin 5 GT 5 GT starch binders 5 GT 5 GT Ceramic hollow spheres 42 GT 67 GT Hollow glass spheres 25 GT ----- Rice husk ash 5 GT 5 GT phenolic resin 15 GT 11 GT melamine 3 GT 2 GT water 35 GT 25 GT

Aus den Mischungen 3 und 4 wurden nach dem Grünstand-Verfahren Speiserkappen hergestellt. Hierzu wurde aus allen Komponenten außer Wasser eine weitgehend homogene Pulvermischung hergestellt. In einem Labormischer wurde anschließend das Wasser zugegeben. Nach etwa 2 Minuten Mischzeit lag eine gebrauchsfertige Mischung vor, aus der Speiserkappen gestampft und anschließend bei 180°C getrocknet wurden.From the mixtures 3 and 4, feeder caps were produced by the green state method. For this purpose, a largely homogeneous powder mixture was prepared from all components except water. The water was then added in a laboratory mixer. After a mixing time of about 2 minutes, a ready-to-use mixture was present, from which feeders were mashed and then dried at 180.degree.

Die auf Basis der Mischungen 1, 2, 3 und 4 hergestellten Speiserkappen wurden anschließend mit einer Standardlegierung des Typs AI Si10Mg bei einer Abgießtemperatur von ca. 850°C abgegossen. Es wurden Erstarrungskurven aufgenommen, die in den beigefügten Figuren 1 und 2 wiedergegeben sind. Fig. 1 zeigt die Erstarrungskurven für die Speiserkappen auf Basis der Mischungen 1 und 2, Fig. 2 zeigt die Erstarrungskurven für die Speiserkappen auf Basis der Mischungen 3 und 4. In beiden Fig. 1 und 2 ist zu erkennen, dass die Speiserkappen auf Basis der erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen 1 bzw. 3 eine längere Erstarrungszeit im Vergleich mit den nicht-erfindungsgemäßen Speiserkappen auf Basis der Mischungen 2 und 4 besitzen.The feeder caps produced on the basis of mixtures 1, 2, 3 and 4 were then poured off with a standard alloy of the type AI Si10Mg at a casting temperature of about 850 ° C. There were recorded solidification curves, which are shown in the accompanying figures 1 and 2. Fig. 1 shows the solidification curves for the feeder caps based on the mixtures 1 and 2, Fig. 2 shows the solidification curves for the feeder caps based on the mixtures 3 and 4. In both Figs. 1 and 2 it can be seen that the feeder caps on basis the inventive mixtures 1 and 3 have a longer solidification time in comparison with the non-inventive feeder caps based on the mixtures 2 and 4.

Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigen somit, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Speiserkappen gegenüber Speiserkappen, welche keine Glashohlkugeln umfassen, überlegen sind. In diesem Zusammenhang ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass auf Grund der Abwesenheit von Glashohlkugeln in den Mischungen 2 und 4 geringfügige Anpassungen in den Rezepturen hinsichtlich der Komponenten Phenolharz, Melamin und Wasser vorgenommen werden mussten, um stabile Speiserkappen herstellen zu können. Diese geringfügigen Abweichungen sind nicht verantwortlich für die unterschiedlichen Erstarrungszeiten nichterfindungsgemäßer und erfindungsgemäßer Speiserkappen.The investigations carried out thus show that the feeder caps according to the invention are superior to feeder caps, which do not comprise glass hollow spheres. In this regard, it should be noted that due to the absence of glass bubbles in Blends 2 and 4, minor adjustments had to be made in the formulas with respect to phenolic resin, melamine and water components to produce stable feeder caps. These minor deviations are not responsible for the different solidification times of non-inventive and inventive feeder caps.

Claims (10)

Isolierender Speiser zur Verwendung in der Gießereiindustrie, umfassend - keramische Hohlkugeln, - Glas-Hohlkugeln mit einer Schüttdichte von weniger als 0,3 g/cm3, - ausgehärtetes Bindemittel, - gegebenenfalls Fasermaterial. An insulating feeder for use in the foundry industry, comprising ceramic hollow spheres, Glass hollow spheres having a bulk density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 , hardened binder, - Optionally fiber material. Speiser nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis von keramischen Hohlkugeln zu Glas-Hohlkugeln mit einer Schüttdichte von weniger als 0,3 g/cm3 im Bereich von 1:1 bis 10:1 liegt, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 2:1 bis 6:1.A feeder according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of ceramic hollow spheres to glass hollow spheres having a bulk density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 is in the range of 1: 1 to 10: 1, preferably in the range of 2: 1 to 6: 1. Speiser nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei die Gesamtmenge von Glas-Hohlkugeln und keramischen Hohlkugeln im Bereich von 40 bis 80 Gew.-% liegt, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 40 bis 60 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des Speisers.Feeder according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the total amount of glass hollow spheres and ceramic hollow spheres in the range of 40 to 80 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 40 to 60 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the feeder. Speiser nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Gesamtmenge von Glas-Hohlkugeln und keramischen Hohlkugeln an dem Speiser im Bereich von 40 bis 60 Gew.-% und die Menge an ausgehärtetem Bindemittel vorzugsweise im Bereich von 15 bis 35 Gew.-% liegt, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des Speisers.A feeder according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the total amount of hollow glass spheres and ceramic hollow spheres on the feeder is in the range of from 40 to 60% by weight and the amount of cured binder is preferably in the range of from 15 to 35% by weight on the total mass of the feeder. Speiser nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Speiserkappe organisches Fasermaterial und/oder keine anorganischen Fasermaterialien umfasst.A feeder according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the feeder cap comprises organic fiber material and / or no inorganic fiber materials. Speiser nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei das ausgehärtete Bindemittel das Aushärtungsprodukt eines Bindemittels ist, welches ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus: Duroplastbildner, Silikatbildner, Stärke, vorzugsweise aus der Gruppe bestehend aus: Resitbildner, Nanokomposit-Binder (Zubereitung aus teilweise hydrolysierten Kieselsäureestern und Silanen), Wasserglas, Stärke.A feeder according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cured binder is the curing product of a binder selected from the group consisting of: thermoset, silicate, starch, preferably from the group consisting of: resist, nanocomposite binder (Preparation of partially hydrolyzed silicic acid esters and silanes), water glass, starch. Speiser nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, zusätzlich umfassend ein oder mehrere sonstige Füllmaterialien, vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus: biogene Kieselsäure (z.B. Reisschalenasche), Kaolin, Sand, Schamotte und Koksgrieß.A feeder according to any one of the preceding claims additionally comprising one or more other fillers, preferably selected from the group consisting of: biogenic silica (e.g., rice husk ash), kaolin, sand, chamotte and coke bouillon. Speiser nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die keramischen Hohlkugeln eine Schüttdichte von weniger als 0,5 g/cm3 besitzen.A feeder according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ceramic hollow spheres have a bulk density of less than 0.5 g / cm 3 . Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Speisers nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, mit folgenden Schritten: - Mischen von keramischen Hohlkugeln, Glas-Hohlkugeln mit einer Schüttdichte kleiner 0,3 g/cm3, Bindemittel, Wasser sowie gegebenenfalls Fasermaterial und/oder sonstiges Füllmaterial, - Formen der Mischung zu einem Speiser, - Aushärten des geformten Speisers. Process for producing a feeder according to one of Claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: Mixing of ceramic hollow spheres, glass hollow spheres with a bulk density of less than 0.3 g / cm 3 , binder, water and optionally fibrous material and / or other filling material, - forming the mixture into a feeder, - curing of the molded feeder. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Schritt des Formens nach dem Slurry-Verfahren oder dem Grünstandverfahren erfolgt.The method of claim 9, wherein the step of forming is done by the slurry process or the green state process.
EP06114893A 2005-06-04 2006-06-02 Insulated feeder head and method of making same Not-in-force EP1728571B1 (en)

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CN114918376A (en) * 2022-06-10 2022-08-19 禹州市恒利来新材料股份有限公司 Production process of heating and heat-insulating riser sleeve by using heat-insulating material with sinking beads
CN114918376B (en) * 2022-06-10 2024-04-16 禹州市恒利来新材料股份有限公司 Production process of exothermic heat-insulating riser sleeve by using sinking bead heat-insulating material

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PL1728571T3 (en) 2009-03-31
DE502006001576D1 (en) 2008-10-30
ATE408467T1 (en) 2008-10-15
PT1728571E (en) 2008-12-02
DE102005025771B3 (en) 2006-12-28
EP1728571B1 (en) 2008-09-17
ES2313559T3 (en) 2009-03-01

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