EP1722400A1 - Ampoule de lampe, ampoule de lampe avec miroir reflechissant et systeme d'eclarage - Google Patents

Ampoule de lampe, ampoule de lampe avec miroir reflechissant et systeme d'eclarage Download PDF

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Publication number: EP1722400A1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: filament; central; lamp; bulb; elements
Prior art date: 2004-11-16
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Withdrawn

Application number

EP05806860A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Inventor

Naotaka Hashimoto

Taku Ikeda

Shinya Kawagoe

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Panasonic Corp

Original Assignee

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2004-11-16

Filing date

2005-11-15

Publication date

2006-11-15

2005-11-15 Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd

2006-11-15 Publication of EP1722400A1 publication Critical patent/EP1722400A1/fr

Status Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
- H01K1/14—Incandescent bodies characterised by the shape
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/18—Mountings or supports for the incandescent body
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K7/00—Lamps for purposes other than general lighting
- H01K7/02—Lamps for purposes other than general lighting for producing a narrow beam of light; for approximating a point-like source of light, e.g. for searchlight, for cinematographic projector

Definitions

the present invention relates to a lamp, a reflection-mirror-equipped lamp and a lighting apparatus, and particularly relates to a structure of wiring of a filament.
a reflection-mirror-equipped lamp such as a reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp, has a structure in which a halide lamp is built into a concave reflection mirror. Such a lamp is used for studio lighting and a general lighting in a commercial establishment as a spot light, for example. There is a demand for a higher converging efficiency of the halide lamp.
the converging efficiency means illuminance per power [lx/W].
the halide lamp includes a bulb and a filament assembly set up within the bulb. It is well known that the filament assembly can be almost a point light source by miniaturizing the filament assembly, and the converging efficiency can be improved by using a reflection mirror with the bulb. However, generally, if the rated voltage [V], the rated power [W] and the rated lifetime (e.g. 3000 hours) are determined, the wire length and the wire diameter of the tungsten wire included in the filament assembly will be determined accordingly. This means that it is impossible to miniaturizing the filament assembly by simply shortening the wire length.
the resistance Rof the filament assembly will be determined. For instance, if the wire length is shortened, the wire diameter is required to be smaller to keep the resistance R. However, if the wire diameter is made small, the tungsten wire dwindles and easily burns out during the lighting, due to the evaporation of the tungsten. This shortens the lifetime. Meanwhile, if the wire diameter is made large to keep the lifetime, the wire length is required to be long to keep the resistance R. However, if the wire length is too long, it is necessary to narrow the pitch and make the tension on the filament assembly smaller, because the size of the filament assembly is required to be within a certain range in accordance with the size of the bulb and so on.
the central illuminance reaches 6500 [lx] (equal to 6500 [cd] of central brightness) under a condition that the rated power is 65 [W] (the rated voltage is 110 [V]).
the rated power is 65 [W] (the rated voltage is 110 [V]).
further improvement of the central illuminance is desired.
the term "the central illuminance" means the illuminance of an intersection point of the optical axis of the reflection mirror and the irradiated area. Further, the lifetime of the lamp is demanded to be longer. To improve the converging efficiency and the central illuminance under the above-described limitation, the following inventions have been made.
One of the inventions is a reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp for studio lighting using a filament assembly including a plurality of filament elements each being spirally wound and extending linearly to increase the central illuminance by improving the converging efficiency (e.g. Patent Document 1). These filament elements are positioned to be parallel to the optical axis of the reflection mirror and form a regular triangle or a square so as to be substantially symmetrical about the optical axis.
another invention is a reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp wherein an infrared reflecting film is formed on the outer surface of the glass bulb to particularly improve the luminous efficiency (e.g. Patent Document 2) by efficiently returns the infrared rays reflected from the infrared reflecting film back to the filament elements.
this halide lamp another filament element spirally wound and extending linearly is set up in the above-described optical axis in addition to the filament elements of the above-described conventional reflection-mirror-equippedhalide lamp.
the filament element set up in the above-described optical axis (hereinafter called “the center filament element") and the other at least three filament elements (hereinafter called “the peripheral filament elements”) set up to be substantially symmetrical about the center filament element are included in the filament assembly.
the term "the luminous efficiency” means luminous flux per power [lm/W]. Further, for a halide lamp whose rated voltage is more than or equal to 100 [V], a double-wound coil is often used as the filament assembly to miniaturize the filament assembly so as to be almost a point light source. Another invention suggests a halide lamp in which a triple-wound coil is used as the filament assembly for further miniaturization (e.g. Patent Document 3).
Patent Document 1 Japanese Laid-open Patent Application Publication No.H06-510881
Patent Document 2 Japanese Laid-open Patent Application Publication No.2002-63869
Patent Document 3 Japanese Laid-open Patent Application Publication No.2001-345077
FIG.34 shows a result of an examination of the light distribution curves of the conventional reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamps for general lighting whose rated power is 65 [W] and beam angle is 10°.
One of the lamps uses the filament disclosed by the Patent Document 1, and the other uses the filament disclosed by the Patent Document 2.
the light distribution curve of the lamp using the filament disclosed by the Patent Document 1 is represented by the dotted line (i)
the light distribution curve of the lamp using the filament disclosed by the Patent Document 2 is represented by the solid line (ii).
the illuminance is high in a peripheral region around the optical axis due to the filament elements placed around the optical axis, whereas the central illuminance (angle 0°) is remarkably lower than that of the peripheral region.
the illuminance is increased in the peripheral region as well as the region around the optical axis, and the irradiated light covers the whole irradiated area.
the beam angle is not less than 13°.
the main stream of the beam angle of commercially available reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamps of a narrow angle type for general lighting is 10°.
an allowable range of an error of the beam angle (10°) is ⁇ 25%. This means that if the beam angle is 10°, the allowable range of the beam angle is from 7.5° to 12.5°. Therefore, in the case of applying the above-described conventional filament assembly to the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp for general lighting such as a spot light, the beam angle will be out of the allowable range, and it is impossible to achieve the desired beam angle (e.g. 10°).
the main reason is the difference of the mirror diameter ⁇ of the reflection mirror. That is to say, the mirror diameter ⁇ of the reflection mirror of the halide lamp for general lighting is mainly in the range from 35 [mm] to 100 [mm], whereas the mirror diameter ⁇ of the reflection mirror of the halide lamp for studio lighting is mainly in the range of 200 [mm] to 400 [mm], which is relatively large.
a region contributing to the central illuminance (hereinafter simply called “the central illuminance contributing region”) includes the focal point of the reflection mirror and its vicinity.
the area of the central illuminance contributing region increases as the mirror diameter ⁇ increases, and decreases as the mirror diameter ⁇ decreases. Accordingly, the central illuminance contributing region of the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp for studio lighting is large. As a result, the light emitted from the filament elements positioned around the optical axis greatly contributes to the central illuminance.
the required rated lifetime is 200 to 500 hours, and it is sometimes 2000 hours. If it is used for general lighting, as a spot light for instance, the required rated lifetime is 2000 to 3000 hours, and it is sometimes more than 3000 hours.
the above-described reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp is marketed as a product for studio lighting which is not required to have a particularly long lifetime, and its lifetime has not been fully considered. Therefore, especially if such a halide lamp is used for general lighting, as spot light for instance, the lamp leaves much to be improved as to the lifetime.
the triple-wound coil is required to be electrically and physically connected to the internal lead and so on under a condition where the triple-wound coil is pulled in the longitudinal direction thereof, which means that the triple-wound coil is under tension.
the pitch of the third coil of the triple-wound coil becomes large, and the length of the whole triple-wound coil increases in the longitudinal direction. This is a bottleneck in the miniaturization of the filament assembly and improvement of the converging efficiency. Therefore, another means alternative to the use of the triple-wound coil is demanded.
the present invention is made in view of the above-described problems.
the object of the present invention is to provide a lamp, a reflection-mirror-equipped lamp and a lighting apparatus that can improve the converging efficiency, increase the central illuminance, realize excellent light distribution especially in the case of a narrow beam angle type, and realize a long lifetime.
the present invention provides a lamp that is to be built into a reflection mirror of a lighting apparatus, a rated voltage of the lamp being from 100 [V] to 250 [V] inclusive, the lamp comprising: a bulb; and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb, wherein the filament assembly includes a plurality of filament elements and is placed such that a focal point of the reflection mirror is included within the filament assemblywhen the lamp is built into the reflection mirror, the filament elements are single-wound coils, one of the filament elements being placed in an optical axis of the reflection mirror and one or more of the other filament elements being placed to be parallel to the optical axis, and an outline of each filament element is noncircular as viewed in a coil axis direction of the filament element.
the present invention provides a reflection-mirror-equipped lamp comprising: a reflection mirror having a concave reflection surface; and a lamp built into the reflection mirror, a rated voltage of the lamp being from 100 [V] to 250 [V] inclusive, wherein the lamp includes a bulb and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb, the filament assembly includes a plurality of filament elements and is placed such that a focal point of the reflection mirror is included within the filament assembly, the filament elements are single-wound coils, one of the filament elements being placed in an optical axis of the reflection mirror and one or more of the other filament elements being placed to be parallel to the optical axis, and an outline of each filament element is noncircular as viewed in a coil axis direction of the filament element.
the present invention provides a reflection-mirror-equipped lamp comprising: a reflection mirror having a concave reflection surface; and a lamp built into the reflection mirror, wherein the lamp includes a bulb and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb, the filament assembly includes a central filament element whose central axis is substantially the same as an optical axis of the reflection mirror, and at least three peripheral filament elements whose central axes are substantially parallel to the central axis of the central filament element, the peripheral filament elements are arranged such that intersection points of the central axes of the peripheral filament elements and a plane vertical to the central axis of the central filament element substantially form a regular polygon whose centroid is an intersection point of the central axis of the central filament element and the plane, and 0.2 ⁇ L S /L C ⁇ 0.9 is satisfied, where L C is a length of the central filament element and L S is a length of the peripheral filament element.
the present invention provides a lamp that is to be built into a reflection mirror of a lighting apparatus, the lamp comprising: a bulb; and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb, wherein the filament assembly includes a central filament element whose central axis is substantially the same as an optical axis of the reflection mirror when the lamp is built into the reflection mirror, and at least three peripheral filament elements whose central axes are substantially parallel to the central axis of the central filament element, the peripheral filament elements are arranged such that intersection points of the central axes of the peripheral filament elements and a plane vertical to the central axis of the central filament element substantially form a regular polygon whose centroid is an intersection point of the central axes of the central filament element and the plane, and 0.2 ⁇ L S /L C ⁇ 0.9 is satisfied, where L C is a length of the central filament element and L S is a length of the peripheral filament element.
the present invention provides a lamp comprising: a bulb; and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb and includes at least three straight filament elements, wherein the filament elements are arranged around a central axis of the bulb such that central axes of the filament elements are parallel to the central axis of the bulb, and intersection points of the central axes of the filament elements and a plane vertical to the central axis of the bulb substantially form a regular polygon whose centroid is an intersection point of the central axis of the bulb and the plane, and 0.25 ⁇ r/R ⁇ 0.75 is satisfied, where R is a maximum inner diameter of a portion of the bulb corresponding to the filament assembly, and r is a maximum outer diameter of the filament assembly.
the present invention provides A lamp built into a reflection mirror of a lighting apparatus, the lamp comprising: a bulb; and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb, wherein the filament assembly includes a central filament element whose central axis is substantially the same as an optical axis of the reflection mirror when the lamp is built into the reflection mirror, and at least three peripheral filament elements whose central axes are substantially parallel to the central axis of the central filament element; the peripheral filament elements are arranged such that intersection points of the central axes of the peripheral filament elements and a plane vertical to the central axis of the central filament element substantially form a regular polygon whose centroid is an intersection point of the central axes of the central filament element and the plane, and 0.25 ⁇ r/R ⁇ 0.75 is satisfied, where R is a maximum inner diameter of a portion of the bulb corresponding to the filament assembly, and r is a maximum outer diameter of the filament assembly.
the present invention provides a reflection-mirror-equipped lamp comprising: a reflection mirror having a concave surface; and a lamp built into the reflection mirror, wherein the lamp includes a bulb and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb, the filament assembly includes a central filament element in a straight shape, whose central axis is substantially the same as an optical axis of the reflection mirror, and at least three peripheral filament elements whose central axes are substantially parallel to the central axis of the central filament element, the peripheral filament elements are arranged such that intersection points of the central axes of the peripheral filament elements and a plane vertical to the central axis of the central filament element substantially form a regular polygon whose centroid is an intersection point of the central axis of the central filament element and the plane, and 0.25 ⁇ r/R ⁇ 0.75 is satisfied, where R is a maximum inner diameter of the bulb and r is a maximum outer diameter of the filament assembly.
the present invention provides a lamp that is to be built into a reflection mirror of a lighting apparatus, a rated voltage of the lamp being from 100 [V] to 250 [V] inclusive, the lamp comprising: a bulb; and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb, wherein the filament assembly includes a plurality of filament elements and is placed such that a focal point of the reflection mirror is included within the filament assembly when the lamp is built into the reflection mirror, and the filament elements are single-wound coils. Therefore, the resistance to vibration is improved from a multiple-wound coil.
the pitch can be smaller than that of multiple-wound coils. Furthermore, since one of the filament elements is placed in an optical axis of the reflection mirror and one or more of the other filament elements are placed to be parallel to the optical axis, the central illuminance and the converging efficiency are improved compared to a case where a filament element is not positioned in the optical axis of the reflection mirror.
the length of the filament assembly in the optical axis direction is shorter than the case where the outline of the filament element viewed in the coil axis direction is substantially circular, that is a perfect circle or a shape close to a perfect circle, but distorted due to the variation in processing accuracy. Therefore, the space in the central illuminance contributing region within the reflection mirror occupied by the filament assembly is increased compared to the conventional lamp. Accordingly, the central illuminance and the converging efficiency are improved.
the filament element can be easily manufactured. If the outline is in the rectangular shape, the racetrack shape, or the ellipsoidal shape, the filament element can be more easily manufactured. In this case, in particular, the filament can be manufactured using a core conventionally used for manufacturing the filament element. Therefore, it is very easy to manufacture the filament element, and it is preferable that the outline is in the racetrack shape or the ellipsoidal shape.
the number of the plurality of filament elements is three, the number of peripheral filament elements is decreased, and this prevents that the light emitted from the central filament element is blocked by the peripheral filament elements. This increases the central illuminance and improves the converging efficiency. Also, since the number of the filament elements is decreased, the distance between each filament element can be lengthened, and this improves the resistance to shock and vibration, and realizes a long life.
the three filament elements are arranged in the bulb such that their winding axes are in the same plane, because the light distribution on the irradiated region can be consistent.
the reflection surface of the reflection mirror is in the shape of a spheroid or a paraboloid of revolution, and the inner diameter of the opening of the reflection mirror is from 30 [mm] to 100 [mm] inclusive, because it becomes easy to adjust the beam angle in a range from 7.5° to 12.5° inclusive, which is a so-called narrow angle.
the present invention provides a reflection-mirror-equipped lamp comprising: a reflection mirror having a concave reflection surface; and a lamp built into the reflection mirror, wherein the lamp includes a bulb and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb, the filament assembly includes a central filament element whose central axis is substantially the same as an optical axis of the reflection mirror, and at least three peripheral filament elements whose central axes are substantially parallel to the central axis of the central filament element the peripheral filament elements are arranged such that intersection points of the central axes of the peripheral filament elements and a plane vertical to the central axis of the central filament element substantially form a regular polygon whose centroid is an intersection point of the central axis of the central filament element and the plane, and 0.2 ⁇ L
the length L S of the peripheral filament element can be relatively longer than the length L C of the central filament element or the length L C of the central filament element can be relatively shorter than the length L S of the peripheral filament element.
the distance D 1 between the central filament element and each peripheral filament element is from 0.1 [mm] to 2. 2 [mm] inclusive, the space in the central illuminance contributing region within the reflection mirror occupied by the filament assembly can be increased. Also, it becomes possible to prevent the arc discharge caused between the central filament element and each peripheral filament element which are included in the above-described filament assembly. Accordingly, the converging efficiency can be improved from the conventional reflection-mirror-equipped lamp, and the burnout of each filament element can be prevented.
the above-described effect is not limited to the case where the reflection mirror is attached to the lamp, but can be achieved by the case where the reflection mirror is included in the lighting apparatus to which the lamp is to be attached. In this case, however, the central axis of the lamp should be the same as the optical axis of the reflection mirror. Also, the above-described effect is not limited to the case of the reflection-mirror-equipped lamp, but can be achieved if the reflection mirror is removed from the reflection-mirror-equipped lamp, and the lamp without the reflection mirror is incorporated into the lighting apparatus including the reflection mirror. In this case, however, the central axis of the lamp, not equipped with the reflection mirror, should be the same as the optical axis of the reflection mirror.
the present invention provides a lamp comprising: a bulb; and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb and includes at least three straight filament elements, wherein the filament elements are arranged around a central axis of the bulb such that central axes of the filament elements are parallel to the central axis of the bulb, and intersection points of the central axes of the filament elements and a plane vertical to the central axis of the bulb substantially form a regular polygon whose centroid is an intersection point of the central axis of the bulb and the plane, and 0.25 ⁇ r/R ⁇ 0.75 is satisfied, where R is a maximum inner diameter of a portion of the bulb corresponding to the filament assembly, and r is a maximum outer diameter of the filament assembly.
the convection zone generated between the bulb and the filament assembly during the lighting is thin, and this suppresses the amount of evaporation of the tungsten included in the filament assembly. Also, this suppresses increase of the temperature of the bulb and the filament assembly, and prevents the burnout of the filament assembly, blackening of the internal surface of the bulb caused by the evaporated material of the filament assembly adhered to the bulb, and damage to the bulb. This means that the lamp of the present invention achieves a longer life than the conventional lamp.
the lamp is equipped with the reflection mirror, and the central axis of the bulb in the longitudinal direction is the same as the optical axis of the reflection mirror.
the same effect can be achieved by a lamp built into a reflection mirror of a lighting apparatus, the lamp comprising: a bulb; and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb, wherein the filament assembly includes a central filament element whose central axis is substantially the same as an optical axis of the reflection mirror when the lamp is built into the reflection mirror, and at least three peripheral filament elements whose central axes are substantially parallel to the central axis of the central filament element; the peripheral filament elements are arranged such that intersection points of the central axes of the peripheral filament elements and a plane vertical to the central axis of the central filament element substantially form a regular polygon whose centroid is an intersection point of the central axes of the central filament element and the plane, and 0.25 ⁇ r/R ⁇ 0.75 is satisfied, where R is a maximum inner diameter of a portion of
a reflection-mirror-equipped lamp comprising: a reflection mirror having a concave surface; and a lamp built into the reflection mirror, wherein the lamp includes a bulb and a filament assembly that is set up within the bulb, the filament assembly includes a central filament element in a straight shape, whose central axis is substantially the same as an optical axis of the reflection mirror, and at least three peripheral filament elements whose central axes are substantially parallel to the central axis of the central filament element, the peripheral filament elements are arranged such that intersection points of the central axes of the peripheral filament elements and a plane vertical to the central axis of the central filament element substantially form a regular polygon whose centroid is an intersection point of the central axis of the central filament element and the plane, and 0.25 ⁇ r/R ⁇ 0.75 is satisfied, where R is a maximum inner diameter of the bulb and r is a maximum outer diameter of the filament assembly.
the length L S of the peripheral filament element can be relatively shorter than the length L C of the central filament element or the length L C of the central filament element can be relatively longer than the length L S of the peripheral filament element.
the distance D 1 between the central filament element and each peripheral filament element is from 0.1 [mm] to 2.2 [mm] inclusive, the space in the central illuminance contributing region within the reflection mirror occupied by the filament assembly can be increased. Also, it becomes possible to prevent the arc discharge caused between the central filament element and each peripheral filament element which are included in the above-described filament assembly. Accordingly, the converging efficiency can be improved from the conventional reflection-mirror-equipped lamp, and the burnout of each filament element can be prevented. This is preferable because this realizes a long life
the same effect can be achieved by a lighting apparatus that includes the above-described lamp.
the above-described effect can be achieved in the case where the reflection-mirror-equipped lamp is incorporated in a lighting apparatus.
FIG.1 is a structure view schematically showing a part of a lighting apparatus according to the first embodiment, which includes a halide lamp that is built into a lighting fixture having a reflection mirror.
a lighting apparatus 110 as the first embodiment of the present invention, which is shown in FIG.1, is a spot light or the like mainly used for general lighting, for instance. A light is emitted from an opening part 111.
the lighting apparatus 110 includes a cylindrical lighting fixture 113 in which a reflection mirror 112 is housed, and a halide lamp 114 whose rated power is 65 [W] (rated voltage is 110 [V]).
the halide lamp 114 is built into the reflection mirror 112.
the rated voltage of the halide lamp 114 is not limited to the above-described value, and it may be any value in a range from 100 [V] to 250 [V] inclusive.
a central axis X 6 in the longitudinal direction of a bulb 115 of the halide lamp 114 is substantially the same as an optical axis Y 6 of the reflection mirror 112.
a receiver (not illustrated), to which a base 116 (see FIG.2) is attached, is set up at the bottom of the lighting fixture 113.
a front glass 118 is attached to the reflection mirror 112, and a reflection surface 119 is formed on the internal surface of the reflection mirror 112.
the reflection surface 119 is in the shape of an external surface of a spheroid, a paraboloid, or the like.
An interference multilayer film formed of metal films such as aluminum and chrome, and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), magnesium fluoride (MgF) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) and so on is formed on the reflection surface 119. If necessary, a facet may be formed on the reflection surface of the reflection mirror.
the reflection mirror 112 is detachable from the lighting fixture 113 for replacement of the halide lamp 114.
the reflection mirror 112 may be fixed to the lighting fixture 113 and the front glass 118 may be detachable from the reflection mirror 112.
the shape of the lighting fixture 113 is not limited to the cylindrical shape. Other well-known shapes are applicable.
FIG.2 is a structure view schematically showing a part of a halide lamp according to the first embodiment, which is to be built into the lighting apparatus.
the halide lamp 114 includes a bulb 115 formed of silica glass, hard glass or the like, and a base 116 of an E type for instance, which is fixed to the bulb 115 with an adhesive on the side closer to a sealing part 120.
the bulb 115 includes, as integral parts, a chip-off part 122 as a remainder resultant from chipping off of the sealing, a light emitting part 123 substantially in a shape of a spheroid, a short-diameter part 124, a cylinder part 125 substantially in a cylindrical shape, and a sealing part 120 formed by the well-known pinch seal method.
An infrared reflecting film 126 that transmits a visible light is formed on the outer surface of each of the chip-off part 122, the light emitting part 123 and the short-diameter part 124.
the term "substantially in a shape of a spheroid" includes, in addition to a perfect spheroid, a shape transformed from a perfect spheroid due to variation in accuracy of glass processing.
the shape of the bulb 115 is not limited to the above-described shape including, as integral parts, the chip-off part 122, the light emitting part 123 substantially in a shape of a spheroid, the short-diameter part 124, the cylinder part 125 substantially in a cylindrical shape, and the sealing part 120.
well-known bulbs in various shapes may be used.
the bulb 115 may include, as integral parts, the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part, the short-diameter part and thesealingpart.
the bulb 115 may include the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part and the sealing part.
the bulb 115 may include the chip-off part (sometimes not included), a light emitting part substantially in a cylindrical shape and the sealing part.
the light emitting part may be substantially in a spherical or substantially in a shape of a combination of a plurality of ellipsoids, instead of the above-described spheroidal shape.
a filament assembly 127 is set up within the light emitting part 123, and a predetermined amount of a halogen substance and a rare gas, or a halogen substance and a rare gas and a nitrogen gas, are enclosed within the light emitting part 123.
One end of an internal lead 128 made of tungsten or the like is electrically and physically connected to the filament assembly, and the other end of the internal lead is connected to one end of the external lead 130 via a metal foil 129 made of molybdenum sealed by the sealing part 120.
the other end of the external lead 130 is extended outside of the bulb 115, and electrically connected to terminals 117a and 117b of the base 116.
a support lead 228, used for realizing the following structure of the filament elements included in the filament assembly 127 is connected to a stem glass 328.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a lead and a support lead for supporting and feeding the filament assembly included in the halide lamp according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing the filament assembly set up within the bulb of the halide lamp according to the first embodiment and a lead and a support lead for supporting and feeding the filament assembly.
FIG.5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the cross section of the filament assembly included in the halide lamp according to the first embodiment which is cut in the direction vertical to the bulb axis X 6 .
the filament assembly 127 includes a plurality of (e.g. four) filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134. These four filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 are electrically connected in series.
the filament assembly 127 is positioned to include a focal point F 6 of the reflection mirror 112. In other words, if the four filament elements (coils) are assumed as one column body (represented by dotted lines in FIG.5), the focal point F 6 is positioned within the column or on the surface of the column.
the focal point F 6 is positioned within or on the surface of any of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134, or positioned between any two of the coils (131 and 132, 131 and 133, 131 and 134, 132 and 133, 132 and 134, or 133 and 134).
the center point of the filament assembly is substantially the same as the focal point F 6 of the reflection mirror 112.
a point F 0 on the surface of the filament assembly may be positioned at the focal point F 6 as FIG.5 shows.
FIG.1 schematically shows the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 assumed as one column.
FIG.5 shows only the outline of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 schematically.
Each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 is made of tungsten, and is a single-wound coil substantially extending linearly.
the outline of each filament element viewed in the longitudinal direction is not in a substantially circular shape.
each filament element is in a flattened shape, such as in a rectangular shape, or substantially in a racetrack (an ellipse) shape, which includes two semicircles facing each other such that the curved lines spread outward and two parallel straight lines connecting the two semicircles.
a racetrack an ellipse
each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 are formed such that the outline of each filament element viewed in the longitudinal direction is substantially in a shape of a racetrack (an ellipse) shape, a length L S4 (see FIG.4) of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 can be shortened compared to the length of the conventional coil.
substantially circular shape includes, in addition to the perfect circle, a shape close to the perfect circle but transformed from a perfect circle due to variation in accuracy of the manufacturing process or the like.
substantially circular shape means that the shape is different from both the perfect circular shape and the above-described shape that is close to the perfect circular shape.
substantially extending linearly means that the coil wound around the core is not bent by intention, but may be bent due to the variation in accuracy of the manufacturing process, or the like.
the single-wound coil substantially extending linearly may be twisted around the central axis of the single-wound coil.
the outline of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 viewed in the longitudinal direction, which is not substantially in the circular shape, may be substantially in an ellipsoid shape, an oblate ellipsoid shape, a polygon shape, or the like, and the shape is not limited to the above-described shape (i.e. the shape that is not substantially in the circular shape).
These outlines can be realized by appropriately changing, in the manufacturing process, the number of cores around each of which the wire is to be wound, the shape of each core, the arrangement of the cores, and so on.
each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 is formed by winding tungsten wires each having the diameter (the wire diameter) of 0.015 [mm] to 0.100 [mm] (0. 040 [mm], for instance) around each of two parallel cores adjacent to each other.
the pitch of the tungsten wire is 0.05 [mm] to 0.07 [mm] .
the radius of each of the above-described semicircle is 0.24 [mm]
length of the above-described straight lines is 0.4 [mm].
the length L S4 (see FIG. 4) is 4 [mm]
the maximum width W max (see FIG.5) is 0.88 [mm]
the minimum width W min (see FIG.5) is 0.48 [mm].
the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 may be formed by winding the above-described tungsten wire around each of three parallel cores adjacent to each other with the above-described pitch. If this is the case, it is preferable because the length L S4 (see FIG.4) of the each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 becomes further shorter, and the ratio of the space occupied by the filament assembly 127 to the region contributing to the central illuminance (hereinafter called "the central illuminance contributing region") within the reflection mirror 112 increases.
the maximum width W max of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 viewed in the longitudinal direction increases, the acceptable coil length L S4 of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 decreases.
the distance between the filament elements (coils) decreases at the same time, and accordingly, the resistance to vibration and shock, and the lifetime decreases. Therefore, it is preferable that the maximum width W max is determined so as not to decrease the resistance to vibration and shock, and the lifetime.
the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 are assumed as one coil (i.e. as the filament assembly (represented by the dotted lines in FIG.3 and FIG.5)), the size and the shape of the filament assembly 127 (the shape (except for the substantially circular shape), the size and the arrangement (including the distance between the coils (filament elements)) of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134) are determined such that the one coil (the filament assembly) combined with the reflection mirror 112 is set up within the region contributing to the central illuminance (hereinafter simply called "the central illuminance contributing region").
the size and the shape of the filament assembly 127 are not limited to those described above as long as the filament assembly is set up within the above-described central illuminance contributing region.
the wire length and the wire diameter of the tungsten wire included in the filament assembly 127 are appropriately determined by the rated voltage, the rated power, and the rated lifetime (e.g. 3000 hours) of the halide lamp 114.
the shape (except for the substantially circular shape) and the size of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 is determined within the range determined by the wire length and the wire diameter.
the wire length of the tungsten wire used in a halide lamp whose rated power is 65 [W] is 420 [mm] to 480 [mm] and the wire diameter is 0.02 [mm] to 0.03 [mm] .
Thewire length of the tungsten wire used in a halide lamp whose rated power is 100 [W] is 540 [mm] to 620 [mm] and the wire diameter thereof is 0.07 [mm] to 0.08 [mm].
FIG.4 and FIG.5 show, one end surface of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 is substantially in the same plane. Also, since the coil length L S4 of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 is the same, the other end surface of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 is substantially in the same plane. In particular, among the two end surfaces of each of the filament elements (coils), it is preferable that the one end surface further from the sealing part 120 is substantially in the same plane. This is because the illuminance of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 can be consistent across the irradiated area, and the light distribution curves can be uniformed.
FIG.5 shows, in the case of viewing the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 in the longitudinal direction, a central axis a 41 of the filament element (coil) 131 is identical with a central axis X 6 of the bulb 115, and central axes a 41 , a 42 , a 43 and a 44 of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 are parallel to the central axis X 6 of the bulb 115.
the filament element (coil) 132 When viewed in a plane vertical, to the coil axis direction, the filament element (coil) 132 is positioned such that a center line b 42 , which passes through the center point of the filament element 132 shown in the figure and includes the part having the maximum width, is parallel to a center line b 41 , which passes through the center point of the filament element 131 shown in the figure and includes the part having the maximum width, and the distance r 4 between the central axis a 42 of the filament element (coil) 132 and the central axis of the a 41 of the filament element (coil) 131 is 0.88 [mm].
the filament element (coil) 133 When viewed in a plane vertical to the coil axis direction, the filament element (coil) 133 is positioned such that a center line b 43 , which passes through the center point of the filament element 133 shown in the figure and includes the part having the maximum width, and a center line b 41 , which passes through the center point of the filament element 131 shown in the figure and includes the part having the maximum width intersect with each other at an angle of 30 [°], and the distance r 4 between the central axis a 43 of the filament element (coil) 133 and the central axis a 41 of the filament element (coil) 131 is 0.88 [mm].
the distance r 5 between the central axis a 43 of the filament element (coil) 133 and the central axis a 44 of the filament element (coil) 134 is 1.52 [mm].
the filament element (coil) 134 is positioned such that a center line b 44 , which passes through the center point of the filament element 134 shown in the figure and includes the part having the maximum width, and a center line b 41 , which passes through the center point of the filament element 131 shown in the figure and includes the part having the maximum width intersect with each other at an angle of 30 [°], and the distance r 4 between the central axis a 44 of the filament element (coil) 134 and the central axis a 41 of the filament element (coil) 131 is 0.88 [mm].
the distance r 5 between the central axis a 43 of the filament element (coil) 133 and the central axis a 44 of the filament element (coil) 134 is 1.52
the filament elements (coils) adjacent to each other are preferably as close as possible to each other to miniaturize the filament assembly 127.
the filament elements (coils) (131, 132), (131, 134), (132, 133), (132, 134), (133, 134) are too close to each other, a short circuit might be caused between the filament elements (coils) (131, 132), (131, 134), (132, 133), (132, 134) and (133, 134) if they contact with each other when a halide lamp 114 is vibrated during the lighting.
the temperature of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 are high in the region where distance between the filament elements (coils) adjacent to each other, namely (131, 132), (131, 134), (132, 133), (132, 134) and (133, 134), is shortest. Accordingly, tungsten of the tungsten wire rapidly evaporates, and this might shorten the lifetime. To avoid the short circuit caused by the contact between the filament elements (coils) (131, 132), (131, 134), (132, 133), (132, 134) and (133, 134) and the short lifetime, the distance r 4 is preferably not less than 0.88 [mm].
the single-wound coil is divided into a plurality of the coils, and furthermore, since each of the coils (filament elements) 131, 132, 133 and 134 viewed in the longitudinal direction is not substantially in a circular shape (preferably in a flattened shape such as a rectangular shape or a racetrack shape (ellipse shape)), the length L S4 of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 in the axis direction, namely the length of the filament assembly 127 in the longitudinal direction, can be sufficiently shortened. As a result, the space occupied by the filament assembly 127 in the central illuminance contributing region within the reflection mirror 112 can be increased, and accordingly the converging efficiency can be improved.
the central illuminance and the converging efficiency can be improved from the case where the filament element (coil) is not positioned in the optical axis Y 6 of the reflection mirror 112 (the axis X 6 of the bulb 115).
the above-described first embodiment describes the case of using the lighting fixture 113 (including the reflection mirror 112) shown in FIG.1.
the same advantageous effect can be achieved in the case of using various kinds of well-known lighting fixture (including reflection mirror) instead of the lighting fixture 113.
the structure of the halide lamp 114 used in the lighting apparatus 110 according to the first embodiment of the present invention firstly, due to the single-wound coil, the resistance to vibration is higher than the case of a multiple-winding coil is used, and the pitch of the coil is sufficiently short compared to the case of a multiple-winding coil.
the single-wound coil is divided into a plurality of the coils, and furthermore, since each of the coils (filament elements) 131, 132, 133 and 134 viewed in the longitudinal direction is not substantially in a circular shape (preferably in a flattened shape such as a rectangular shape or a racetrack shape (ellipse shape)), the length L S4 of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132, 133 and 134 in the axis direction, namely the length of the filament assembly 127 in the longitudinal direction can be sufficiently shortened.
the ratio of the filament assembly 127 to the central illuminance contributing region in the reflection mirror can be increased, and accordingly the converging efficiency can be improved.
the present invention A built into each of the reflection mirror (a narrow angle type) (including the front glass) of a well-known halide lamp (Product Number: JDR110V65WKN/5E11, manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.), the reflection mirror (a middle angle type) (including the front glass) of a well-known halide lamp (Product Number: JDR110V65WKM/5E11, manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.) and the reflection mirror (a wide angle type) (including the front glass) of a well-known halide lamp (Product Number: JDR110V65WKW/5E11, manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.).
Each reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp was lit at the rated power and the rated voltage, and the central illuminance [lx] in an irradiated area that is 1 [m] away from the halide lamp with the reflection mirror was measured.
the central illuminance measured in this evaluation is not the value of the lighting apparatus, it is substantially equal to the value of the lighting apparatus.
the comparative example A fifteen halide lamps (hereinafter called “the comparative example A”) were manufactured.
Each of these halide lamp has the rated power of 65 [W] (rated voltage is 110 [V]) and has the same structure as the halide lamp 114 according to the first embodiment of the present invention whose rated power is 65 [W] (rated voltage is 110 [V]), except for that a triple winding coil is used as the filament assembly.
Each of each five of the comparative examples A was built into one type of well-known reflection mirrors (including the front glass) that is the same as the present invention A , and the central illuminance [lx] was measured.
the wire length of the tungsten wire is 460 [mm]
the wire diameter is 0.052 [mm]
the mandrel diameter of the first coil is 0.12 [mm]
the pitch of the first coil is 0.14 [mm]
the mandrel diameter of the second coil is 0.28 [mm]
the pitch of the second coil is 0.55 [mm]
the mandrel diameter of the third coil is 1.2 [mm]
the pitch of the third coil is 1.5 [mm].
the value of the central illuminance [1x] is the average of those of the five samples. Furthermore, since the converging efficiency is defined as the illuminance per power [lx/W] in this description, comparing the central illuminance of the present invention A and the central illuminance of the comparative example A substantially means comparing the converging efficiency of the present invention A and the converging efficiency of the comparative example A.
the central illuminance of the narrow angle type is 9390 [lx]
the central illuminance of the middle angle type is 5092 [lx]
the central illuminance of the wide angle type is 2072 [lx]
the central illuminance of the narrow angle type is 5587 [lx]
the central illuminance of the middle angle type is 3005 [lx]
the central illuminance of the wide angle type is 1421 [lx].
the central illuminance is 1.68 times higher in the case of the narrow angle type, 1.69 times higher in the case of the middle angle type, and 1.45 times higher in the case of the wide angle type.
the beam angle of the present invention A of each beam angle type is almost the same as the beam angle of the comparative examples A.
the present invention A and the comparative example A were lit at the same power (65 [W]). Accordingly, the improvement rate of the illuminance is the same as the improvement rate of the converging efficiency [lx/W]. Therefore, it is confirmed that the converging efficiency of the present invention A is improved from that of the comparative example A.
a lighting apparatus according to the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in the structure of the filament assembly. Therefore, other respects are not described in the following.
FIG.6 is a perspective view schematically showing a lead and a support lead for supporting and feeding the filament assembly included in the halide lamp according to the second embodiment.
FIG.7 is a perspective view schematically showing the filament assembly set up within the bulb of the halide lamp according to the second embodiment and a lead and a support lead for supporting and feeding the filament assembly.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the cross section of the filament assembly included in the halide lamp according to the second embodiment which is cut in the direction vertical to the bulb axis X 6 .
the filament assembly 136 includes three filament elements (coils) 131, 132 and 133 used in the first embodiment as FIG.7 and FIG. 8 show, and the positions of the filament elements 131, 132 and 133 are different from the positions described in the first embodiment. The following is the positions of the coils. As FIG. 7 shows, the central axes a 41 , a 42 and a 43 of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132 and 133 are parallel to the central axis X 6 of the bulb 115 in the longitudinal direction of the bulb 115.
the filament element (coil) 131 when viewed from the longitudinal direction of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132 and 133, the filament element (coil) 131 is positioned such that the central axis a 41 is the same as the central axis X 6 of the bulb 115.
the filament element (coil) 132 is positioned such that the center line C 42 , which passes through the center point of the filament element 132 shown in the figure and includes the part having the minimum width of the filament element 132, is the same as the center line C 41 , which passes through the center point of the filament element 131 shown in the figure and includes the part having the minimum width of the filament element 131, and furthermore, the distance r 6 between the central axis a 42 of the filament element 132 and the central axis a 41 of the filament element 131 is 0.88 [mm] .
the filament element (coil) 133 is positioned such that the center line C 43 , which passes through the center point of the filament element 133 shown in the figure and includes the part having the minimum width of the filament element 133, is the same as the center line C 41 , which passes through the center point of the filament element 131 shown in the figure and includes the part having the minimum width of the filament element 131, and furthermore, the distance r 7 between the central axis a 43 of the filament element 133 and the central axis a 41 of the filament element 131 is 0.88 [mm].
center lines c 41 , c 42 and c 43 are straight lines that respectively pass through the central axes a 41 , a 42 and a 43 of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132 and 133, and in a plane vertical to the central axes a 41 , a 42 and a 43 , respectively intersect with the center lines b 41 , b 42 and b 43 that respectively pass through the center points of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132 and 133 and respectively include the parts having the maximum width.
the filament element (coil) may be manufactured using a wire whose diameter is increased so as to be within a range from 110 [%] to 200 [%], where the wire diameter 0.4 [mm] is the 100 [%].
the length L S of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132 and 133 becomes further shorter, and the ratio of each of the filament elements (coils) 131, 132 and 133 to the central illuminance contributing region increases.
the distance between the filament elements (coils) 131, 132 and 133 becomes short, and the resistance to shock and vibration and the lifetime might be decreased. Therefore, it is more preferable that the distance between the filament elements (coils) 131, 132 and 133 is appropriately modified.
the distance between the filament elements (coils) can be increased. This improves the resistance to shock and vibration, and the lifetime. Furthermore, in the lighting apparatus according to the second embodiment, the filament elements 131, 132 and 133 are positioned such that the respective axes of the filament elements 131, 132 and 133 are on the same plane. Accordingly, the light distribution on the reflecting region can be consistent.
the filament assembly of a comparative example 1 includes four filament elements (coils) described above, and the filament elements (coils) are arranged as shown in the first embodiment.
the length of each filament element (coil) is 4.0 [mm].
the reason why the central illuminance of the comparative example 1 is lower than that of the practical example 1 is because the luminous flux of the central filament element is shielded by the peripheral filament elements, and the number of the peripheral elements of the comparative example 1 is larger than that of the practical example 1. Therefore, in the case where the filament assembly has a structure in which the central filament element is positioned in the central axis of the optical axis of the reflection mirror and the peripheral filament elements are positioned around the central filament element, it is believed that the central illuminance decreases as the number of the peripheral filament element increases.
both a simulation and actual measurement were performed.
the size of the filament elements and other conditions are the same as those of the above-described examination. Therefore, they are omitted here.
the distance between the central filament element and each of the peripheral filament elements were changed, and a simulation was performed to measure the central illuminance changing in accordance with the change of the distance and find the optimum distance at which the highest central illuminance is achieved.
FIG.10 shows the result of the simulation.
the central illuminance of the practical example 1 is lower than that of the halide lamp including the conventional filament assembly.
the central illuminance of the practical example 1 is higher than that of the conventional lamp and the central illuminance increases as the distance increases.
the central illuminance is at the maximum.
the central illuminance decreases as the distance increases. Therefore, it is confirmed that the central illuminance is higher than that of the halide lamp including the conventional filament assembly when the distance between the filament elements is from 0.02 [mm] to 1.3 [mm] inclusive.
the central illuminance is at the maximum when the distance between the filament elements is from 0.1 [mm] to 0.2 [mm] inclusive, because the ratio of the filament assembly to the central illuminance contributing region is at the highest under the condition.
the ratio of the filament assembly to the central illuminance contributing region decreases.
the central illuminance becomes lower than that of the conventional lamp when the distance is more than 1.3 [mm].
the wire diameter is 0.053 [mm]
the wire length is 463 [mm] and the pitch is 0.074 [mm]
a filament element formed by winding tungsten is included.
the outline of the filament element is substantially in a racetrack (ellipse) shape in a plane that is vertical to the axis of the filament element, and the above-described maximum width Wmax is 1 [mm] and the minimum width Wmin is 0.5 [mm].
FIG.11 is the result of the actual measurement showing the relation between the distance between the filament elements and the central illuminance.
FIG.12 is the result of the actual measurement showing the relation between the distance between the filament elements and the beam angle.
the beam angle when the distance is less than 0. 3 [mm], the beam angle can not be measured because of the above-described reason.
the beam angle When the distance is from 0.3 [mm] and 0.75 [mm] inclusive, the beam angle is within the standard beam angle range (from 7.5° to 12.5° inclusive).
the beam angle is less than the lower limit (15°) of the so-called middle angle type.
the beam angle is within the range of the beam angle of the middle angle type.
the distance is preferable to set the distance from 0.3 [mm] to 0.75 [mm] inclusive to satisfy the standard of the beam angle (from 7.5° to 12.5° inclusive) and increase the central illuminance and the converging efficiency.
the distance may be set from 0.3 [mm] to 1.1 [mm] inclusive.
FIG.13 schematically shows arrangement of coils of each sample used in this evaluation in a plan view that is vertical to the coil axis.
FIG. 13A shows a cross section of the filament assembly of a comparative example 1 cut along a plane that is vertical to the axis of a secondary coil.
the filament assembly of the comparative example 1 is a so-called double-wound coil. More specifically, a primary coil formed by winding a tungsten wire is further wound to form the secondary coil.
FIG. 13C shows a cross section of the filament assembly of a comparative example 2 cut along a plane that is vertical to the axis of the filament assembly.
four filament elements are included in the filament assembly of the comparative example 2.
the coils In a plane that is vertical to the winding axes of the coils, the coils (filament elements), each substantially in the racetrack (ellipse) shape, are positioned in four directions.
the four filament elements are arranged such that an X axis intersects with the maximum width parts of two filament elements, and a Y axis intersects with the maximum width parts of the other two filament elements (coils), and the intersection point of the X axis and the Y axis that intersect at right angles is in the optical axis of the reflection mirror.
FIG. 13B shows a cross section of the filament assembly of a comparative example 3 cut along a plane that is vertical to the axis of the filament assembly.
the filament assembly of the comparative example 3 is arranged such that the filament assembly of the comparative example 2 is rotated 45° around the intersection point of the X axis and the Y axis, and the optical axis of the reflection mirror is positioned in the minimum gap between the adjoining two coils (filament elements) whose respective center lines, which pass through the respective maximum width parts, form an angle of 45°.
the central axis of the filament assembly is not the same as the optical axis.
FIG.13D schematically shows a cross section of the filament assembly of a comparative example 4 cut along a plane vertical to the central axis of the filament assembly.
three filament elements (coils) are included in the filament assembly of the comparative example 4, and the coils substantially in the racetrack (ellipse) shape are arranged such that the central axes of the filament elements form a right-angled isosceles triangle in a plane vertical to the winding axes of the coils, and the intersection point of the two sides having the same length is in the optical axis of the ref lection mirror.
FIG.13E is a cross section of the filament assembly of a practical example 1 cut along a plane vertical to the central axis of the filament assembly.
the filament assembly of the practical example 1 is the same as the filament assembly described in the first embodiment.
the filament assembly is positioned such that the center line that passes through the shortest width parts of two filament elements (coils) 131 and 132 is the same as the Y axis, and the Y axis and the X axis intersect to form a right angle, and this intersection point is in the optical axis of the reflection mirror.
FIG.13F is a cross section of the filament assembly of a practical example 2 cut along a plane vertical to the central axis of the filament assembly.
the filament assembly of the practical example 2 is the same as the filament assembly described in the second embodiment.
the filament assembly is positioned such that the center line that passes through the respective shortest width parts of three filament elements (coils) 131, 132 and 133 is in the X axis, and the Y axis and the X axis intersect to form a right angle, and this intersection point is in the optical axis of the reflection mirror.
FIG.13G is a cross section of the filament assembly of a practical example 3 cut along a plane vertical to the central axis of the filament assembly.
the filament assembly of the practical example 3 is different from the filament assembly of the practical example 2 only as to the ratio between the maximum width and the minimum width of each filament element (coil) viewed in a plane vertical to the winding axis of the coil. Therefore, the other explanations are omitted here.
the ratio of the maximum width and the minimum width in the plane vertical to the winding axis of the coil is 3:1.
the above examples were lit under the above-described conditions.
the central illuminance on an irradiated area that is 1 [m] away from the light source was measured.
the ratio among the illuminance of each sample was measured using the central illuminance of the comparative example 1 as a standard value.
the beam angles of the samples were measured in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction on each irradiated area corresponding to the X axis and the Y axis shown in FIG.13.
the consistence of the light distribution was evaluated based on the result of the beam angle measurement.
the consistency of the light distribution on the irradiated area is excellent if the beam angle in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction is from 7.5° to 12.5° inclusive and if the difference between the beam angle measured in one of the X and Y axes as a standard angle and the other beam angle is not greater than 10 % of the narrower beam angle.
Table 1 shows the result of the evaluation.
Table 1 shows, when the central illuminance and the beam angle of the comparative example 1 is regarded as a standard for evaluating the other samples, the beam angles of the comparative example 2 measured in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction are not much different, but each beam angle is much greater than the desired beam angle that is between 7.5° and 12.5°.
the central illuminance of the comparative example 2 is lower than that of the comparative example 1 (12% lower in the illuminance ratio).
the distributed light forms concentric circles, but the center part is dark and the light distribution is not consistent.
the central illuminance is higher than that of the comparative example 1 (17% higher in the illuminance ratio).
the beam angle in the Y axis direction is greater than 12.5°, and also greater than the beam angle in the X axis direction.
the light distribution on the irradiated area is distorted and far from concentric circles, which means that the light distribution is not consistent.
the central illuminance is higher than that of the comparative example 1 (40% higher in the illuminance ratio).
the beam angle in the X axis direction is smaller than 7.5°, and also smaller than the beam angle in the Y axis direction.
the light distribution on the irradiated area is distorted and far from concentric circles, which means that the light distribution is not consistent.
the central illuminance is higher than that of the comparative example 1 (28% higher in the illuminance ratio), and the beam angles in the X axis and Y axis directions are not much different.
each beam angle is within a range between 7.5° and 12.5° inclusive. This means that the desired beam angle and consistent light distribution are achieved.
the beam angles in the X axis direction and Y axis direction are not much different.
each beam angle is within a range between 7.5°and 12.5° inclusive. The desired beam angle and a central illuminance higher than the practical example 1 are achieved, and the light distribution is more consistent than the practical example 1.
each beam angle in the X axis direction and Y axis direction is not much different. Also, each beam angle is within a range from 7.5°to 12.5° inclusive.
the desired beam angle and a central illuminance higher than the practical example 2 are achieved, and the light distribution is more consistent than the practical example 2. (Consideration) From the above-described result and consideration, it is believed that decreasing the number of the peripheral filament elements (coils) prevents the light emitted from the central filament elements from being shielded by the peripheral filament elements, and as a result, the central illuminance is increased.
the length of each filament element in the coil axis direction can be decreased as the maximum width of the filament element is increased so as to be longer than the minimum width in the plane that is vertical to the coil axis of the filament element whose outline is substantially in the racetrack (ellipse) shape. This further increases the space occupied by the filament assembly in the above-described central illuminance contributing region, and further increases the central illuminance.
FIG.14 schematically shows the cross section of a reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp according to the third embodiment.
a reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 137 according to the third embodiment, whose rated power is 65 [W] (rated voltage: 110 [V]), includes a reflection mirror 138 having a concave surface whose mirror diameter ⁇ 5 is 35 [mm] to 100 [mm] (outermost diameter is 50 [mm], for instance), a halide lamp 139 housed in the reflection mirror 138, and a base 140 (of an E type, for instance) attached to the end of the reflection mirror 138.
a central axis X 8 of the halide lamp 139 in the longitudinal direction of the bulb 142 is substantially the same as the optical axis Y 7 of the reflection mirror 138.
the reflection mirror 138 is made of hard glass, silica glass or the like, and an opening part 143 that emits light is formed on the one side of the reflection mirror 138, and a neck part 144 in a cylindrical shape is formed on the other end.
a reflection surface 145 in the shape of a spheroid, a paraboloid or the like is formed on the internal surface of the reflection mirror 138.
a front glass 146 is fixed to the opening part 143 by a well-known latch (not illustrated). To fix the front grass 146, a well-known adhesive (not illustrated) may be used instead of the latch, or the latch and the adhesive may be used together. As a matter of course, the front glass 146 is not necessarily required.
the base 140 is placed to cover the whole body of the neck part 144, and fixed with an adhesive 147.
a sealing part 148 of the halide lamp 139 is inserted into the neck part 144, and fixed with the adhesive 147 in the same manner.
a multilayer interference film including silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), magnesium fluoride (MgF), zinc sulfide (ZnS), and so on is formed in addition to a metal film, such as aluminum and chrome. If necessary, a facet may be formed on the reflection surface 145.
the halide lamp 139 includes the bulb 142 made of silica glass, hard glass or the like, and a light emitting body 127 used with the halide lamp 114 included in the lighting apparatus 110 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
This means that the halide lamp 139 has the same structure as the halide lamp 114, except for the shape of the bulb 142. Therefore, as to the structure of the halide lamp 139, only the differences from the halide lamp 114 are described next.
an internal lead 128 made of tungsten are electrically and physically connected to both ends of the light emitting body 127.
the other end of the internal lead 128 is extended to the outside the bulb 142, and electrically connected to terminals 141a and 141b of the base 140.
the bulb 142 includes, as integral parts, a chip-off part 149 as a remainder resultant from chipping off of the sealing, a light emitting part 150 substantially in a cylindrical shape and whose one end is tapered, and a sealing part 148 formed by a well-known pinch seal method.
a visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting film is not formed on the outer surface of the bulb 142. However, the visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting film may be formed on the outer surface of the light emitting part 150 and so on, if necessary.
the structure of the bulb 142 is not limited to the structure including, as integral parts, the chip-off part 149, a light emitting part 150 substantially in a cylindrical shape and whose one end is tapered and a sealing part 148.
various types of well-known bulbs may be used.
the bulb may include, as integral parts, a chip-off part (may not be included in some cases), a light emitting part substantially in a cylindrical shape and not having a tapered end and a sealing part.
the bulb may include, as integral parts, a chip-off part (may not be included in some cases), a light emitting part substantially in a spheroidal shape, a reduced-diameter part, a sealing part and a cylinder part.
the bulb may include, as integral parts, a chip-off part (may not be included in some cases), a light emitting part substantially in a spheroidal shape, a reduced-diameter part and a sealing part.
the bulb may include, as integral parts, a chip-off part (may not be included in some cases), a light emitting part substantially in a spheroidal shape and a sealing part.
a shape of the light emitting part in addition to the substantial spheroid shape, a substantial spherical shape, and a substantial compound spheroid shape are acceptable as well.
the light emitting body 127 includes a plurality of, for instance, four coils 131, 132, 133 and 134. These four coils 131, 132, 133 and 134 are electrically connected serially.
the light emitting body 127 is positioned to include a focal point F 7 of the reflection mirror 138.
the focal point F 7 positions within the column or on the surface of the column.
the focal point F 7 positions within or on the surface of any of the coils 131, 132, 133 and 134 in the actual light emitting body 127, or between two of the coils, namely (131 and 132), (131 and 134), (132 and 133), (132 and 134) and (133 and 134).
the central point of the light emitting body 127 substantially positions at the focal point F 7 of the reflection mirror 138.
a point F 0 on the surface of the light emitting body may be positioned at the focal point F 7 .
the coils 131, 132, 133 and 134 are assumed as one body, and schematically illustrated as the light emitting body 127.
the positional relation among the coils 131, 132, 133 and 134 is shown in FIG.4 and FIG.5. That is to say, one end of each of the coils 131, 132, 133 and 134 is substantially on the same plane. Since the coil length L S4 of each of the coils 131, 132, 133 and 134 is the same, the other end of each of the coils is on the same plane as well. It is especially preferable that the end of each coil which is far from the sealing part 120 is substantially on the same plane. This makes the illuminance on the area irradiated by each coil consistent. As a result, the light distribution curve can be uniformed.
FIG. 5 shows, when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the coils 131, 132, 133 and 134, the coils 131 and 133 oppose to each other with a gap of 1.2 [mm] so as to sandwich a central axis X 7 of the bulb 142, and the longitudinal axis direction b 42 (b 44 ) of the coils 132 and 134 are substantially the same and vertical to the central axis X 7 .
the longitudinal axis direction b 41 (b 43 ) and the longitudinal direction b 42 and (b 44 ) are vertical to each other and their intersection point is on the central axis X 7 .
the adjacent two coils (131, 132), (131, 134), (132, 133), (132, 134) and (133, 134) are as close as possible to each other to make a light emitting body 127 compact.
the adjacent two coils (131, 132), (131, 134), (132, 133), (132, 134) and (133, 134) are too close to each other, a short circuit might be caused when the halide lamp 114 is vibrated during the lighting and the coils touch each other.
the temperature of the part of the coil closest to the adjacent coil is higher than the other parts. Accordingly, tungsten included in the tungsten lead is evaporated rapidly, and the lifetime might be shortened. Therefore, to avoid the short circuit caused when the coils touch each other when the halide lamp 114 is vibrated during the lighting, and that the lifetime becomes short, it is preferable to set the gap to be not less than 0.2 [mm].
the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 137 As described above, with the structure of the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 137 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, firstly, since a single-wound coil is used, resistance to vibration is improved compared to the case using a multiple winding coil, and the pitch can be reduced enough compared to the multiple winding coil. Secondly, since the single-wound coil is divided into a plurality of coils, and the shape of each of the coils 131, 132, 133 and 134 (see FIG.4 and FIG.5) viewed in the longitudinal direction is not substantially circular, the length of the light emitting body 127 in the optical axis Y 7 is shortened. As a result, the space occupied by the light emitting body 127 in the region contributing to the central illuminance in the reflection mirror 138 increases, and the converging efficiency can be improved.
the central illuminance can be improved in the above manner, it becomes unnecessary to form the visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting film to improve the central illuminance.
the prevention can achieve central illuminance as high as that of a conventional reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp and using a double-wound coil, on the outer surface of the whose bulb a visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting film is formed. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost of the visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting film and the cost of the forming process for it. Also, since it is possible to omit the process for forming the film, manufacturing efficiency can be markedly improved.
the lighting apparatus as a fourth embodiment of the present invention has the same structure as the lighting apparatus 110 as the first embodiment of the present invention, except for that in the lighting apparatus as the fourth embodiment, the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 137 according to the third embodiment of the present invention is attached to the lighting fixture 113 (without the reflection mirror 112) of the lighting apparatus 110 according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.1.
the structure of the lighting apparatus according to the fourth embodiment firstly, since a single-wound coil is used, resistance to vibration is improved compared to the case using a multiple winding coil, and the pitch can be reduced enough compared to the multiple winding coil. Secondly, since the single-wound coil is divided into a plurality of coils, and the shape of each of the coils 131, 132, 133 and 134 (see FIG.4 and FIG.5) viewed in the longitudinal direction is not substantially circular, the length of the light emitting body 127 (see FIG.1 and so on) in the optical axis Y 6 is shortened. As a result, the space occupied by the light emitting body 127 in the region contributing to the central illuminance in the reflection mirror 138 (see FIG.14) increases, and the converging efficiency can be improved.
a reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 1 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, whose rated power is 65 [W] (rated voltage: 110 [V]), includes a reflection mirror 2 having a concave surface, a halide lamp 3 housed in the reflection mirror 2, and a base 4 (of an E type, for instance) attached to the end of the reflection mirror 2.
the mirror diameter ⁇ 1 of the reflection mirror 2 is any value between 35 [mm] to 100 [mm] inclusive, and set to 50 [mm] in this embodiment.
the central axis X 1 of the halide lamp 3 in the longitudinal direction is substantially the same as the optical axis Y 1 .
the reflection mirror 2 is made of hard glass, silica glass or the like, and an opening part 5 that emits light is formed on the one s ide of the ref lection mirror 2, and a neck part 6 in a cylindrical shape is formed on the other end.
a reflection surface 7 in the shape of a spheroid, a paraboloid or the like is formed on the internal surface of the reflection mirror 2. If necessary, a facet may be formed on the reflection surface 7.
a front glass 8 is fixed to the opening part 5 by a well-known latch (not illustrated).
a well-known adhesive (not illustrated) may be used instead of the latch, or the latch and the adhesive may be used together.
the front glass 8 is not necessarily required.
the base 4 is placed to cover approximately a half of the body of the neck part 6, and fixed with an adhesive 9.
a sealing part 12 of the halide lamp 3, which is described later, is inserted into the neck part 6, and fixed with the adhesive 9 in the same manner.
the halide lamp 3 includes a bulb 13, which is made of silica glass, hard glass or the like and includes, as integral parts, a chip-off part 10 as a remainder resultant from chipping off of the sealing, a light emitting part 12 substantially in a cylindrical shape, and a sealing part 148 formed by a well-known pinch seal method.
the halide lamp 3 also includes an assembly 18 including, as integral parts, a filament assembly 14 as a light emitting body, an internal lead 15, a metal foil 16 and an external lead 17.
a visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting film may be formed on the outer surface of the bulb 13, if necessary.
Above-described filament assembly 14 is placed within a light emitting part 11, and a predetermined amount of a halogen substance and a rare gas within the light emitting part 11.
One end of the internal lead 15 made of tungsten or the like is connected to the both ends of the filament assembly 14, and the other end of the internal lead is connected to one end of the external lead 17 via a metal foil 16 made of molybdenum sealed by the sealing part 12.
the other end of the external lead 17 is extended outside of the bulb 3, and electrically connected to terminals 4a and 4b of the base 4.
the filament assembly 14 includes a plurality of single-wound coils extending linearly. These coils are constituted by a central filament element 19 and three peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22, which are electrically connected in series and each of which is made of tungsten.
the wire diameter of the tungsten wire included in each single-wound coil is 0.015 [mm] to 0.100 [mm], and for instance, it is 0.050 [mm].
the central filament element 19 and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 are schematically illustrated as a column.
the central axis a1 of the central filament element 19 is substantially the same as the optical axis Y 1 of the reflection mirror 2.
the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 are positioned around the central filament element 19 such that their respective central axes b1, c1 and d1 are substantially parallel to the central axis a1 of the central filament element 19.
the three peripheral filament elements are positioned such that the intersection points of the central axes b1, c1 and d1 with an arbitrary plane P 1 that is vertical to the central axis of the central filament element 19 substantially form an equilateral triangle having a point in the central axis a1 as a center of gravity (center of figure).
a distance D 1 between the central filament element 10 and each of the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 is the same
a distance D 2 between the peripheral filament element 20 (or 21 or 22) and each of the adjacent two peripheral filament elements 21 and 22 (20 and 22 or 20 and 21) is the same.
substantially the same means that it is preferable that the central axis a1 is completely the same as the optical axis Y 1 of the ref lection mirror 2 , but the central axis a1 might be misaligned from the optical axis Y 1 due to the variation in the positioning accuracy of the manufacturing process.
the expression “substantially the same” includes such a case as well.
the expressions “substantially parallel” and “substantially form an equilateral triangle” means that it is difficult to forma perfect parallel and a perfect equilateral triangle due to variation in assembling accuracy during the assembling process of the filament assembly 14 and sometimes the axes might be misaligned.
the expressions include such a case.
the distances D 1 and D 2 the expression “substantially the same” is also used in the same manner.
the central filament element 19 is positioned such that the central filament element 19 includes a focal point F 1 of a body of revolution forming the reflection surface 7 and a central point A 1 in the central axis a1 of the central filament element 19 is further from the opening part 5 than the focal point F 1 .
the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 respectively include points F b1 , F c1 and F d1 (FIG.16 only shows the points F b1 and F c1 ) included in the reflection mirror 2 and described later, and central points B 1 , C 1 and D 1 respectively in the central axes b1, c1 and d1 of the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 (FIG.
the points F b1 , F c1 and F d1 include the focal point F 1 of the body of revolution forming the reflection surface 7, and represent the intersection points of the central axes b1, c1 and d1 with a plane Q 1 that is vertical to the optical axis Y 1 of the reflection mirror 2.
the distance between the focal point F 1 and the central point A 1 is 2.35 [mm]
the distance between the points F b1 , F c1 and F d1 and the central points B 1 , C 1 and D 1 is 1.21 [mm].
each of the filament elements 20, 21 and 22 on the side of the opening part 5 is substantially on the same plane. This makes the illuminance on the area irradiated by the filament elements 20, 21 and 22 consistent, and makes the light distribution curve uniform.
Such a filament assembly 14 can be assumed as one filament including the central filament element 19 and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 which virtually form a column.
the coil lengths of the central filament element 19 and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 are set to satisfy 0.2 ⁇ L S1 /L C1 ⁇ 0.9 for the following reason, where the coil length of the central filament element 19 is L C1 [mm] and the coil length of each of the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 is L S1 [mm] .
the coil length L S1 of each of the filament elements 20, 21 and 22 is substantially the same. This expression “substantially the same” means that the coil length L S1 might vary due to variation of accuracy in the manufacturing process of the coil, in the same manner as described above.
the length of the tungsten wire included in the coil of the filament assembly 14 is determined by the rated power of the halide lamp 3.
the length of the tungsten wire used with the halide lamp 3 whose rated power is 65 [W] is 420 [mm] to 480 [mm] inclusive
the length of the tungsten wire used with the halide lamp 3 whose rated power is 20 [W] is 250 [mm] to 300 [mm] inclusive
the length of the tungsten wire used with the halide lamp 3 whose rated power is 100 [W] is 540 [mm] to 620 [mm] inclusive.
the coil lengths L C1 and L S1 can be adjusted by appropriately changing the pitch p (distance between the adj acent coils) and the maximum outer diameter R 1 of the coil.
the pitch p of the single-wound coil used with the halide lamp whose rated power is 65 [W] is set to be 0.05 [mm] to 0.07 [mm] inclusive regarding any of the central filament element 19 and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22.
the maximum outer diameter of the single-wound coil R 1 is set to be 0.5 [mm] to 1.2 [mm] inclusive regarding any of the central filament element 19 and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22.
the distance D 1 between the central filament element 19 and each of the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 is set to be 0.1 [mm] to 2.2 [mm] . This increases the space occupied by the filament assembly 14 in the above-described central illuminance contributing region, and prevents that an arc discharge is caused during the lighting between the central filament element 19 and each of the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 and the central filament element 19 and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 are burnt out. Meanwhile, if the distance D 1 is shorter than 0.1 [mm], it is possible that an arc discharge is caused during the lighting between the central filament element 19 and each of the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 and the central filament element 19 and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 are burnt out.
the space occupied by the filament assembly 14 in the central illuminance contributing region decreases and the central illuminance might not be increased suf f iciently or the illuminance of the periphery of the irradiated area might be increased by the periphery filament elements 20, 21 and 22.
a double-wound coil or a triple-wound coil may be used as a coil included in the central filament element 19 and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22.
the single wining coil is preferable than the double-wound coil and the triple-wound coil. This is because with the single-wound coil, the pitch can be small and the space occupied by the filament assembly 14 in the central illuminance contributing region can be increased.
the coil lengths of the central filament element and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 are set to satisfy 0.2 ⁇ L S1 /L C1 ⁇ 0.9, where the coil length of the central filament element 19 is L C1 [mm] and the coil length of each of the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 is L S1 [mm].
the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 1 whose rated power is 65 [W]
five samples with different coil lengths were manufactured for each of the central filament element 19 and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 by changing the coil length L C1 of the central filament element 19 and the coil length L S1 of each of the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 as Table 2 shows.
each of the central filament element 10 and the peripheral filament elements 20, 21 and 22 includes the single-wound coil, the pitch p of each is 0. 05 [mm] to 0.07 [mm], and the maximum outer diameter R 1 is 0.65 [mm].
the distance D 1 is 1.5 [mm].
the "beam angle" represents an average of the beam angles of the five samples.
the criterion of the beam angle is 10° (allowable range: 7.5° to 12.5°), which is the main stream of the beam angle of commercially available lamps.
the "central illuminance” represents an average of the central illuminance of the five examples.
the central illuminance of a currently commercially available reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp (hereinafter called “the conventional example"), whose beam angle is 10° and rated power is 65 [W] (rated voltage: 110 [V]) is, for instance 6500 [cd].
the criterion is approximately 10% greater than the central illuminance (6500 [lx]) (the central luminous intensity: 6500 [cd]), which is 7200 [lx] (the central luminous intensity: 7200 [cd]).
the illuminance of the central part on the irradiated area is high, and the irradiating light is not spread to the peripheral part around the central part.
a lighting apparatus of the sixth embodiment of the present invention is used as a spot light for general lighting for example, and has a structure in which the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 1 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, whose rated power is 65 [W], is attached to a well-known lighting fixture (not illustrated).
a lighting apparatus of the seventh embodiment of the present invention is used as a spot light for general lighting for example, and includes the halide lamp 3 used with the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 1 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, whose rated power is 65 [W], and a well-known base (not illustrated) of an E type for instance, which is attachable to the end of the halide lamp 3 on the sealing part 12's side.
a halide lamp is attached to the reflection mirror part included in the lighting apparatus.
the reflection surface of the reflection mirror part is in the shape of a spheroid, a paraboloid, or the like.
the reflection mirror part may be fixed to the lighting fixture and not be detachable, or may be detachable and replaced depending on the purpose.
the sixth embodiment can provide a lighting apparatus that can achieve high central illuminance, a narrow angle, and favorable light distribution properties.
the case where the three filament elements 20, 21 and 22 are arranged to substantially form an equilateral triangle is described.
the same effect can be achieved when four filament elements are arranged to substantially form a square, when five filament elements are arranged to substantially form an equilateral pentagon, when sixfilament elements are arranged to substantially form an equilateral hexagon, and so on.
the above-described embodiment describes the case where the halide lamp 3, whose rated power is 65 [W], is used. However, the same effect can be achieved when a halide lamp whose rated power is 20 [W] to 150 [W].
the above-described embodiment describes the case where the bulb 13 of the halide lamp 3 has a structure including series of the chip-off part 10, the light emitting part 11 substantially in a shape of a spheroid and the sealing part 12 are formed.
the present invention is not limited to this.
Well-known bulbs in various shapes may be used.
the bulb 13 may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spherical or spheroidal shape and the sealing part.
the bulb 13 may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spherical shape or spheroidal shape, the short-diameter part and the sealing part.
the bulb 13 may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spherical shape or spheroidal shape, the short-diameter part, the cylindrical part and the sealing part.
the halide lamp 31 according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention includes a bulb 32 formed of silica glass, hard glass or the like, and a base 34 of an E type for instance, which is fixed to the side of a sealing part 40 of the bulb 32, which is described later, with an adhesive 33.
the bulb 32 includes a series of a chip-off part 36, which is a remainder resultant from chipping off of the sealing, a light emitting part 37 substantially in a shape of a spheroid, a short-diameter part 38, a cylinder part 39 substantially in a cylindrical shape, and a sealing part 40 formed by the well-known pinch seal method.
a visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting film 41 is formed on the outer surface of each of the chip-off part 36, the light emitting part 37 and the short-diameter part.
the expression “substantially in a shape of a spheroid” includes, in addition to a perfect spheroid, a shape transformed from a perfect spheroid due to the variation in the processing of glass.
a filament assembly 42 is set up within the light emitting part 37, and a predetermined amount of a halogen substance and a rare gas, or a halogen substance, a rare gas and a nitrogen gas are enclosed within the light emitting part 37.
One end of an internal lead 43 made of tungsten or the like is connected to the filament assembly 42, and the other end of the internal lead 43 is connected to one end of the external lead 45 via a metal foil 44 made of molybdenum sealed by the sealing part 40.
the other end of the external lead 45 is extended outside of the bulb 32, and electrically connected to terminals 35a and 35b of the base 34.
the filament assembly 42 includes three filament elements 46, 47 and 48.
Each of the filament elements 46, 47 and 48 is made of tungsten, and is a single-wound coil substantially extending linearly. They are electrically connected in series.
the wire diameter of the tungsten wire included in each single-wound coil is from 0.015 [mm] to 0.100 [mm]. For instance, it is 0.050 [mm].
FIG.22 and FIG.23 schematically illustrates each of the filament elements 46, 47 and 48 as a column.
the respective central axes b2, c2 and d2 of the filament elements 46, 47 and 48in the longitudinal direction are substantially parallel to the central axis X 2 of the bulb 32in the longitudinal direction.
the filament elements 46, 47 and 48 are positioned around the central axis X 2 such that the intersection points of the central axes b2, c2 and d2 with an arbitrary plane P 2 that is vertical to the central axis X 2 of the bulb 32 substantially form an equilateral triangle having a point in the central axis X 2 as a center of gravity (center of figure).
a distance D 3 between one filament element 46 (47 or 48) and each of the adjacent filament elements 47 and 48 (46 and 48 or 46 and 47) is substantially the same, and a distance D 4 between each of the filament elements 46, 47 and 48 and the central axis X 2 of the bulb 32 is substantially the same.
the expressions “substantially parallel” and “substantially form an equilateral triangle” means that it is difficult to form a perfect parallel and a perfect equilateral triangle due to variation in assembling accuracy during the assembling process of the filament assembly 42 and assembling process of the bulb 32 and the filament assembly 42, and sometimes they might be misaligned.
the expressions include such a case.
the expression “substantially the same” is also used in the same manner.
Such a filament assembly 42 is included in a column in which each filament element has an outer diameter (maximum outer diameter) r 1 [mm].
This column can be assumed as one filament formed by integrating the filament elements 46, 47 and 48.
0.25 ⁇ r 1 /R 2 ⁇ 0.75 is satisfied for the following reason, where R 2 [mm] is the maximum inner diameter of a portion of the bulb 32 corresponding to the filament assembly 42 (see FIG. 21), and r 1 [mm] is the maximum outer diameter of the filament assembly 42 assumed as one filament.
At least one of the maximum outer diameter r 0 and the coil length L S2 of the filament elements 46, 47 and 48 is the same, and it is more favorable that both of the them are the same.
the maximum outer diameter r 0 and the coil length L S2 might vary due to variation in accuracy in the manufacturing process.
each of the filament elements 46, 47 and 48 it is preferable that one of the ends that is farther from the sealing part 40 is substantially on the same plane. This makes the illuminance on the area irradiated by each coil consistent. As a result, the light distribution curve can be uniformed.
the maximum outer diameter r 1 can be adjusted by changing the maximum outer diameter r 0 and the distance D 3 between the adjacent two filament elements (or the distance D 4 ).
the length of the tungsten wire included in the coil of the filament assembly 42 is determined by the rated power of the halide lamp.
the length of the tungsten wire used with the halide lamp whose rated power is 65 [W] is 420 [mm] to 480 [mm] inclusive
the length of the tungsten wire used with the halide lamp whose rated power is 20 [W] is 250 [mm] to 300 [mm] inclusive
the length of the tungsten wire used with the halide lamp whose rated power is 100 [W] is 540 [mm] to 620 [mm] inclusive.
the maximum outer diameter r 0 of each of the filament elements 46, 47 and 48 can be adjusted by changing the coil length L S2 of the each of the filament elements 46, 47 and 48 and the pitch (between adjacent coils).
the coils are for use with a halide lamp whose rated power is 65 [W]
the filament assembly 42 includes three filament elements 46, 47 and 48 each made from a single-wound coil having the same size as FIG.8 and FIG.9 show
the coil length L S2 is set to 4.0 [mm] to 6.7 [mm].
the pitch of the coil is set to 0.05 [mm] to 0.07 [mm].
a double-wound coil or triple-wound coil may be used instead of the single-wound coil.
r 1 /R 2 is set to satisfy 0.25 ⁇ r 1 /R 2 ⁇ 0.75, where R 2 [mm] is the maximum inner diameter of a portion of the bulb 32 corresponding to the filament assembly 42, and r 1 [mm] is the maximum outer diameter of the filament assembly 42.
the denominator shows the total number of the samples, and the numerator shows the number of samples whose filament assembly 42 suffered the burnt out.
the dominator shows the number of samples whose filament assembly did not suffer the burnt out, and the numerator shows, among the samples whose filament assembly did not suffer the burnt out, the number of samples the internal surface of whose bulb 32 was blackened.
the blackening was checked with eyes. The blackening is caused by tungsten of filament assembly 42, evaporating and adhering to the internal surface during the lighting.
each of the filament elements 46, 47 and 48 includes the same single-wound coil having the same size and shape, and the pitch p is 0.05 [mm] to 0.07 [mm], the maximum outer diameter r 0 is 0.65 [mm], and the coil length L S2 is 5. 4 [mm].
the burnout was caused in the vicinity of the center part of each of the filament elements 46, 47 and 48.
the result can be analyzed as follows.
the distance between the bulb 32 and the filament assembly 42 is large, and the convection zone generated between the bulb 32 and the filament assembly 42 during the lighting is thick.
the tungsten, included in the filament assembly 42 and evaporated during the lighting moves rapidly, and this increases the amount of evaporation of the tungsten.
the tungsten wire of the coil (hereinafter simply called "the tungsten wire") included in the filament assembly 42 becomes thin due to the evaporation of the tungsten, and this is believed to be the cause of the burnout.
the convection zone generated between the bulb 32 and the filament assembly 42 extremely thin, and decrease the amount of evaporation of the tungsten included in the filament assembly 42.
the distance between the bulb 32 and the filament assembly 42 is kept to be moderate distance, it is possible to prevent that the temperature of the bulb 32 and the filament assembly 42 increases to an abnormal level during the lighting. This prevents the damage to the bulb 32 and the blackening of the internal surface of the bulb 32 due to excessive evaporation of the tungsten included in the filament assembly 42.
the case where the three filament elements 46, 47 and 48 are arranged to substantially form an equilateral triangle is described.
the same effect can be achieved when four filament elements are arranged to substantially form a square, when five filament elements are arranged to substantially form an equilateral pentagon, when six filament elements are arranged to substantially form an equilateral hexagon, and so on.
the same effect can be achieved by the case where a filament assembly in which another filament element having the same size and shape as the other filaments or different size and shape may be set up in the space among the filament elements so as to be in the central axis X of the bulb 2 in the longitudinal direction of the bulb 2.
the bulb 32 has a structure including, as integral parts, the chip-off part 36, the light emitting part 37 substantially in a shape of a spheroid, the short-diameter part 38, the cylinder part 39 and the sealing part 40.
the present invention is not limited to this.
Well-known bulbs in various shapes may be used.
the bulb 32 may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spheroidal shape, the short-diameter part and the sealing part.
the bulb 32 may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spheroidal shape and the sealing part.
the bulb 32 may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the cylindrical shape and the sealing part.
the light emitting part may be substantially in the spherical shape or substantially in a shape of a combination of a plurality of ellipsoids, instead of the above-described spheroidal shape.
the present invention is not limited to this.
filament elements 49, 50 and 51 in each of which the tungsten wire is formed such that the outline of the cross section of the tungsten wire cut along a plane vertical to the central axes b2, c2 and d2 is in an ellipsoidal shape may be used to achieve the same effect.
the filament elements 49, 50 and 51 fall within a column whose center point is in the central axis X 2 of the bulb 32 in the longitudinal direction and whose maximum outer diameter is the diameter of a circle circumscribing the filament elements 49, 50 and 51.
the maximum outer diameter r 1 of the filament assembly 52 including the filament elements 49 , 50 and 51, whose outline shapes are shown in FIG.24, can be determined in this manner. (Ninth Embodiment) As FIG.
a halide lamp 53 of the ninth embodiment of the present invention whose rated power is 65 [W] (rated voltage: 110 [V]), is to be built into a reflection mirror part 55 of a well-known lighting apparatus 54 mainly used as a spotlight for general lighting for example.
the halide lamp 53 includes a bulb 56 formed of silica glass, hard glass or the like, and a base (not illustrated) of an E type for instance, which is fixed to the side of a sealing part 66 of the bulb 56, which is described later, with a well-known adhesive (not illustrated).
the central axis X 3 of the bulb 56 included in the halide lamp 53, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the bulb 56, and the optical axis Y 3 of the reflection mirror part 55 are substantially the same.
a light is emitted from the opening part 57 of the front side of the lighting apparatus 54, and the lighting apparatus 54 includes a lighting fixture 58 in a cylindrical shape in which the reflection mirror part 55 and a receiver (not illustrated), to which a base of the halide lamp 53 is attached are housed.
a front glass 60 is attached to the opening part 59 of the reflection mirror part 55, and a reflection surface 61 is formed on the internal surface of the reflection mirror part 55.
the reflection surface 61 is in the shape of a body of revolution, such as a spheroid and a paraboloid. If necessary, a facet may be formed on the reflection surface 61.
the bulb 56 includes, as integral parts, a chip-off part 62 as a remainder resultant from chipping off of the sealing, a light emitting part 63 substantially in a shape of spheroid, a short-diameter part 64, a cylinder part 65 and a sealing part 66 formed by a well-known pinch seal method.
a visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting film 67 is formed on the outer surface of the light emitting part 63 and the short-diameter part 64.
the expression "substantially in a shape of a spheroid” includes, in addition to a perfect spheroid, a shape transformed from a perfect spheroid due to the variation in the processing of glass.
a filament assembly 68 is set up within the light emitting part 63, and a predetermined amount of a halogen substance and a rare gas, or a halogen substance, a rare gas and a nitrogen gas are enclosed within the light emitting part 63.
One end of an internal lead 69 made of tungsten or the like is connected to the both ends of the filament assembly 68, and the other end of the internal lead 69 is connected to one end of the external lead (not illustrated) via a metal foil (not illustrated) made of molybdenum sealed by the sealing part 66.
the other end of the external lead is extended outside of the bulb 56, and electrically connected to terminals of the base.
the filament assembly 68 includes one central filament element 70 and three peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
Each of the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 is made of tungsten, and is a single-wound coil substantially extending linearly. They are electrically connected in series.
the wire diameter of the tungsten included in each single-wound coil is from 0.015 [mm] to 0.100 [mm]. For instance, it is 0.050 [mm].
FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 schematically illustrates each of the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 as a column.
the central axis a3 of the central filament element 70in the longitudinal direction of the central filament element 70 is substantially same as the optical axis Y 3 of the reflection mirror part 55.
the central filament element 70 is positioned so that the central axis a3 of the central filament element 70 is substantially the same as the central axis X 3 of the bulb 56in the longitudinal direction of the bulb 56.
substantially the same means that it is preferable that the central axis a3 is completely the same as the central axis X 3 of the bulb 56, but the central axis a3 might be misaligned from the central axis X 3 and also be misaligned from the optical axis Y 3 due to the variation in the position accuracy during the manufacturing process.
the expression “substantially the same” includes such a case.
the central axis a3 might be misaligned from the central axis X 3 and also be misaligned from the optical axis Y 3 depending on the type of the lighting apparatus in which the halide lamp 53 is built.
the expression “substantially the same” includes such a case as well.
the respective central axes b3, c3 and d3 of the filament elements 71, 72 and 73in the longitudinal direction are positioned around the central filament element 70 so as to be substantially parallel to the central axis a3 of the central filament element 70in the longitudinal direction.
the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 are positioned such that the intersection points of the central axes b3, c3 and d3 with an arbitrary plane P 3 that is vertical to the central axis a3 of the central filament element 70 substantially form an equilateral triangle having a point on the central axis a3 as a center of gravity (center of figure).
a distance D 5 between the central filament element 70 and each of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 is the same, and one peripheral filament element 71 (72 or 73) and each of the adjacent peripheral filament elements 72 and 73 (71 and 73 or 71 and 72) is substantially the same.
the expressions “substantially parallel” and “substantially form an equilateral triangle” means that it is difficult to form a perfect parallel and a perfect equilateral triangle due to variation in assembling accuracy during the assembling process of the filament assembly 68 and the built-in process of the bulb 56 and the filament assembly 68, and sometimes they might bemisaligned.
the expressions include such a case.
the expression “substantially the same” is also used in the same manner.
the central filament element 70 is positioned so that the central filament element 70 includes a focal point F 2 of a body of revolution forming the reflection surface 61 and a central point A 3 in the central axis a3 of the central filament element 70 is further from the opening part 59 than the focal point F 2 .
the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 respectively include points F b3 , F c3 and F d3 (FIG.26 only shows the points F b3 and F c4 ) included in the reflection mirror part 55 described later, and central points B 3 , C 3 and D 3 respectively in the central axes b3, c3 and d3 of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 (FIG.
the points F b3 , F c3 and F d3 represent the intersection points of the central axes b3, c3 and d3 with a plane Q 3 that includes the focal point F 2 of the body of revolution forming the reflection surface 61 and is vertical to the optical axis Y 3 of the reflection mirror part 55.
the distance between the focal point F 2 and the central point A 3 is 2.35 [mm]
the distance between the points F b3 , F c3 and F d3 and the central points B 3 , C 3 and D 3 is 1.21 [mm].
the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 are further from the opening part 59 than the focal point F 2 of the reflection surface 61 of the reflection mirror part 55, the space occupied by the filament assembly 68 in the region including the focal point F 2 and its vicinity (Hereinafter simply called "the central illuminance contributing region") can be increased and the central illuminance can be heightened.
the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 are within a column body whose outer diameter (the maximum outer diameter) is r 3 [mm], and this column body can be assumed as one filament including the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
this column body can be assumed as one filament including the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
0.25 ⁇ r 3 /R 3 ⁇ 0.75 is satisfied, where R 3 [mm] is the maximum inner diameter of a portion of the bulb 56 corresponding to the filament assembly 68 (see FIG.25), and r 3 [mm] is the maximum outer diameter of the filament assembly 68 assumed as one filament.
0.35 ⁇ r 3 /R 3 ⁇ 0.75 is satisfied.
the temperature of the bulb 56 does not become excessively high, and therefore the temperature of the filament assembly 68 does not become abnormally high during the lighting. This prevents that the amount of the evaporation of the tungsten increases and the evaporated tungsten adheres to the internal surface of the bulb 56, and blackening the internal surface.
0.25>r 1 /R 2 is satisfied, the distance between the bulb 56 and the filament assembly 68 is large, and the convection zone generated between the bulb 56 and the filament assembly 68 during the lighting is thick. Accordingly, the tungsten, included in the filament assembly 68 and evaporated during the lighting, moves rapidly, and this increases the amount of evaporation of the tungsten.
the tungsten wire of the coil included in the filament assembly 68 becomes thin due to the evaporation of the tungsten, and this is believed to be the cause of the burnout.
r 3/ R 3 >0.75 is satisfied, although the distance between the bulb 56 and the filament assembly 68 is small, the bulb 56 is too close to the filament assembly 68, and the temperature of the bulb 56 becomes fairly high during the lighting. It is believed that the radiant heat from the bulb 56 heightens the temperature of the filament assembly 68 to an abnormal level, and the evaporated tungsten adheres to the internal surface of the bulb 56. In some cases, the temperature of the bulb 56 further increase due to the blackened surface, and this might damage the bulb 56.
the maximum outer diameter r 3 can be adjusted by changing the maximum outer diameter r 2 of the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73, and the distance D 6 between the adjacent two filament elements (or the above-described distance D 5 ). Also, the maximum outer diameter r 2 of each of the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 can be adjusted by changing the coil length L C3 of the central filament element 70 or the coil length L S3 of the each of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 and the pitch.
the coil length L C3 of the central filament element 70 and the coil length L S3 of the each of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 may be the same.
the coil lengths L C3 and L S3 are set to 3.0 [mm] to 5.0 [mm] .
the coil length L S3 of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 is the same, the coil lengths L C3 and L S3 may be different.
the coil length L C3 is set to 3.5 [mm] to 15.0 [mm]
the coil length L S3 is set to 1. 5 [mm] to 4.5 [mm].
the coil length L C3 may be different from the coil length L S3 and the coil length L S3 may be different for each of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
the coil length L C3 is set to 3.5 [mm] to 15.0 [mm]
each coil length L S3 is set to 1.5 [mm] to 4.5 [mm].
the pitch of the single-wound coils is set to 0.05 [mm] to 0.07 [mm] regarding each of the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
the maximum outer diameter r 0 and the coil Length L S3 are the same, and it is more favorable that both of them are the same.
the maximum outer diameter r 0 and the coil length L S3 might vary for each of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 due to variation in accuracy in the manufacturing process of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
each of the filament elements 70, 71, 72 and 73 it is preferable that one of the ends that is closer to the opening part 59 is substantially on the same plane. This makes the illuminance on the area irradiated by each of the filament elements 70, 71, 72 and 73 consistent. As a result, the light distribution curve can be uniformed. Further, to increase the central illuminance by the contribution of the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements71, 72 and 73, and obtain a desired beam angle (narrow angle. e. g. 10°, the allowable range is from 7.5° to 12.5°) to realize a favorable light distribution, it is preferable that 0.2 ⁇ L S3 /L C3 ⁇ 0.9. In this case, the coil length L S3 of each of the peripheral element 71, 72 and 73 is substantially the same. The expression “substantially the same” means that the coil length L S3 might vary due to variation of accuracy in the manufacturing process of the coil.
the coil length L C3 of the central filament element 70 is appropriately longer than the coil length L S3 of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
the coil length L S3 of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 greatly contributing to the illuminance of the peripheral part of the irradiated area is appropriately short, and the coil length L C3 of the central filament element 70 greatly contributing to the illuminance (central illuminance) of the center part of irradiated area is as long as possible.
the distance D 5 between the central filament element 70 and each of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 is set to be 0 .1 [mm] to 2.2 [mm]. This increases the space occupied by the filament assembly 68 in the above-described central illuminance contributing region, greatly heightens the central illuminance, and prevents that an arc discharge, caused during the lighting between the central filament element 70 and each of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 and the central filament element 7 0, burns out the central filament element 7 0 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
the distance D 1 is shorter than 0.1 [mm]
the distance D 1 is longer than 2.2 [mm] the space occupied by the filament assembly 68 in the central illuminance contributing region decreases and the central illuminance might not be increased sufficiently or the illuminance of the peripheral region around the central region in the irradiated area might be increased by the periphery filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
a double-wound coil or a triple-wound coil may be used as a coil included in the filament elements 70, 71, 72 and 73.
the single wining coil is preferable than the double-wound coil and the triple-wound coil. This is because with the single-wound coil, the pitch can be small and the space occupied by the filament assembly 68 in the above-described central illuminance contributing region (region within the reflection mirror, contributing to the central illuminance. That is, the region including the focal point of the reflection mirror part 55 and its vicinity) can be increased.
the convection zone generated between the bulb 56 and the filament assembly 68 extremely thin, and decrease the amount of evaporation of the tungsten included in the filament assembly 68.
the distance between the bulb 56 and the filament assembly 68 is kept to be moderate distance, it is possible to prevent that the temperature of the bulb 56 and the filament assembly 68 increases to an abnormal level during the lighting. This prevents the damage to the bulb 56 and the blackening of the internal surface of the bulb 56 due to excessive evaporation of the tungsten included in the filament assembly 68.
the D 5 between the central filament element 70 and each of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73 is set to be 0.1 [mm] to 2.2 [mm]
the space occupied by the filament assembly 68 in the above-described central illuminance contributing region is increased, and an arc discharge, caused during the lighting between the central filament element 70 and each of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73, can be prevented so as not to burn out the central filament element 70 and the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
the case where the three filament elements 71, 72 and 73 are arranged to substantially form an equilateral triangle is described.
the same effect can be achieved when four filament elements are arranged to substantially form a square, when five filament elements are arranged to substantially form an equilateral pentagon, when six filament elements are arranged to substantially form an equilateral hexagon, and so on.
the bulb has a structure including, as integral parts, the chip-off part 62, the light emitting part 63 substantially in a shape of a spheroid, the short-diameter part 64, the cylinder part 65 and the sealing part 66.
the present invention is not limited to this.
Well-known bulbs in various shapes may be used.
the bulb may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spheroidal shape, the short-diameter part and the sealing part.
the bulb may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spheroidal shape and the sealing part.
the bulb may includeseries of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the cylindrical shape and the sealing part.
the light emitting part may be substantially in the spherical shape or substantially in a shape of a combination of a plurality of ellipsoids, instead of the above-described spheroidal shape.
the present invention is not limited to this.
filament elements 74, 75 and 76 and 77 in each of which the tungsten wire is formed such that the outline of the cross section of the tungsten wire cut along a plane vertical to the central axes a3, b3, c3 and d3 is in an ellipsoidal shape may be used to achieve the same effect.
the filament elements 74, 75, 76 and 77 fall within a column whose center point is in the central axis X 3 of the bulb 56 in the longitudinal direction and whose maximum outer diameter is the diameter of a circle circumscribing the filament elements 74, 75, 76 and 77.
the maximum outer diameter r 3 of the filament assembly 78 including the filament elements 74, 75, 76 and 77, whose outline shapes are shown in FIG. 28, can be obtained in this manner. (Tenth Embodiment) As FIG.
a reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 79 according to the tenth embodiment, whose rated power is 65 [W] (rated voltage: 110 [V]), includes a reflection mirror 80 having a concave surface whose mirror diameter ⁇ 2 is 35 [mm] to 100 [mm] (outermost diameter is 50 [mm], for instance), a halide lamp 31 (except for the base 34) according to the fifth embodiment housed in the reflection mirror 80, and a base of an E type attached to the end of the reflection mirror 80
the central axis X 4 of the bulb 32 of the halide lamp 31 in the longitudinal direction is substantially the same as the optical axis Y 4 of the reflection mirror 49.
the reflection mirror 80 is made of hard glass, silica glass or the like, and an opening part 82 that emits light is formed on the one side of the reflection mirror 80, and a neck part 83 in a cylindrical shape is formed on the other end.
a reflection surface 84 in the shape of a spheroid, a paraboloid or the like is formed on the internal surface of the reflection mirror 80. If necessary, a facet may be formed on the reflection surface 84.
a front glass 85 is fixed to the opening part 82 by a well-known latch 86.
a well-known adhesive (not illustrated) may be used instead of the latch 86, or the latch 86 and the adhesive may be used together.
the front glass 85 is not necessarily required.
the base 81 is set up to cover almost the whole body of the neck part 83, and fixed with an adhesive 87.
a sealing part 40 of the halide lamp 31, which is described later, is inserted into the neck part 83, and fixed with the adhesive 87 in the same manner.
a multilayer interference film including silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), magnesium fluoride (MgF), zinc sulfide (ZnS), and so on is formed in addition to a metal film, such as aluminum and chrome.
the case where the three filament elements 46, 47 and 48 are arranged to substantially form an equilateral triangle is described.
the same effect can be achieved when four filament elements are arranged to substantially form a square, when five filament elements are arranged to substantially form an equilateral pentagon, when six filament elements are arranged to substantially form an equilateral hexagon, and so on.
the same effect can be achieved by the case where a filament assembly in which another filament element having the same size and shape as the other filaments or different size and shape may be positioned in the space among the filament elements so as to be in the central axis X 4 of the bulb 2 in the longitudinal direction of the bulb 2.
the bulb 32 has a structure including, as integral parts, the chip-off part 36, the light emitting part 37 substantially in a shape of a spheroid, the short-diameter part 38, the cylinder part 39 and the sealing part 40.
the present invention is not limited to this.
Well-known bulbs in various shapes may be used.
the bulb 32 may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spheroidal shape, the short-diameter part and the sealing part.
the bulb 32 may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spheroidal shape and the sealing part.
the bulb 32 may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the cylindrical shape and the sealing part.
the light emitting part may be substantially in the spherical shape or substantially in a shape of a combination of a plurality of ellipsoids, instead of the above-described spheroidal shape.
the present invention is not limited to this.
filament elements 49, 50 and 51 in each of which the tungsten wire is formed such that the outline of the cross section of the tungsten wire cut along a plane vertical to the central axes b3, c3 and d3 is in a racetrack shape may be used to achieve the same effect.
the filament elements 49, 50 and 51 fall within a column whose center point is in the central axis X 2 of the bulb 32 in the longitudinal direction and whose maximum outer diameter is the diameter of a circle circumscribing the filament elements 49, 50 and 51.
the maximum outer diameter r 1 of the filament assembly 52 including the filament elements 49, 50 and 51, whose outline shapes are shown in FIG.24, can be obtained in this manner. (Eleventh Embodiment) As FIG.
a halide lamp 88 of the eleventh embodiment according to the present invention whose rated power is 65 [W] (rated voltage: 110 [V]), includes a reflection mirror 89 having a concave surface whose mirror diameter ⁇ 2 is 35 [mm] to 100 [mm] (50 [mm], for instance), a halide lamp 90 housed in the reflection mirror 89, and a base 91 of an E type attached to the end of the reflection mirror 89.
the central axis X 5 of the bulb 101, which is described later, of the halide lamp 90in the longitudinal direction is substantially the same as the optical axis Y 5 of the reflection mirror 89.
the reflection mirror 89 is made of hard glass, silica glass or the like, and an opening part 93 that emits light is formed on the one side of the reflection mirror 89, and a neck part 94 in a cylindrical shape is formed on the other end.
a reflection surface 95 in the shape of a spheroid, a paraboloid or the like is formed on the internal surface of the reflection mirror 89. If necessary, a facet may be formed on the reflection surface 95.
a front glass 96 is fixed to the opening part 93 by a well-known latch (not illustrated), a well-known adhesive (not illustrated) may be used instead of the latch, or both of them. As a matter of course, the front glass 96 is not necessarily required.
the base 91 is placed to cover approximately a half of the body of the neck part 94, and fixed with an adhesive 97.
a sealing part 100 of the halide lamp 90 which is described later, is inserted into the neck part 94, and fixed with the adhesive 97 in the same manner.
the halide lamp 90 includes a bulb 101 which includes a series of a chip-off part 98, which is a remainder resultant from chipping off of the sealing, a light emitting part 99 substantially in a shape of a spheroid and a sealing part 100 formed by a well-known pinch seal method.
a visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting film may be formed on the outer surface of the bulb 101.
the expression "substantially in a shape of a spheroid” includes, in addition to a perfect spheroid, a shape transformed from a perfect spheroid due to the variation in the processing of glass.
a filament assembly 102 is placed within the light emitting part 99, and a predetermined amount of a halogen substance and a rare gas, or a halogen substance, a rare gas and a nitrogen gas are enclosed within the light emitting part 99.
One end of an internal lead 103 made of tungsten or the like is connected to the both ends of the filament assembly 102, and the other end of the internal lead 103 is connected to one end of the external lead 105 via a metal foil 104 made of molybdenum sealed by the sealing part 100.
the other end of the external lead is extended outside of the bulb 101, and electrically connected to terminals 92a and 92b of the base.
the structure of the filament assembly 102 is the same as the structure of the filament assembly 68 of the sixth embodiment. Therefore, the filament assembly 102 is described next with reference to FIG.26 and FIG.27.
the filament assembly 102 includes one central filament element 106 and three peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109.
Each of the central filament element 106 and three peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 is made of tungsten, and it's a single-wound coil substantially extending linearly. They are electrically connected in series.
the wire diameter of the tungsten wire included in each single-wound coil is from 0.015 [mm] to 0.100 [mm]. For instance, it is 0.050 [mm].
the central axis a3 of the central filament element 106 is substantially the same as the optical axis Y 5 of the reflection mirror 89.
substantially the same means that it is preferable that the central axis a3 is completely the same as the optical axis Y 5 of the reflection mirror 89, but the central axis a3 might be misaligned from the optical axis Y 5 of the reflection mirror 89 due to the variation in the positioning accuracy of the manufacturing process.
the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 are positioned around the central filament element 106 such that their respective central axes b3, c3 and d3 are substantially parallel to the central axis a3 of the central filament element 106. Also, as FIG.27 shows, the three peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 are positioned such that the intersection points of the central axes b3, c3 and d3 with an arbitrary plane P 3 that is vertical to the central axis a3 of the central filament element 106 substantially form an equilateral triangle having a point in the central axis a3 as a center of gravity (center of figure).
a distance D 5 between the central filament element 106 and each of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 is the same, and a distance D 6 between the peripheral filament element 107 (or 108 or 109) and each of the adj acent two peripheral filament elements 108 and 109 (107 and 109 or 107 and 108) is the same.
substantially parallel and substantially form an equilateral triangle means that it is difficult to form a perfect parallel and a perfect equilateral triangle due to variation in assembling accuracy of the assembling process of the filament assembly 102 and sometimes the axes might be misaligned.
the expressions include such a case.
the expression “substantially the same” is also used in the same manner.
the central filament element 106 is positioned such that the central filament element 106 includes a focal point F 2 of a body of revolution forming the reflection surface 95 and a central point A 3 in the central axis a3 of the central filament element 106 is further from the opening part 93 than the focal point F 2 .
the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 respectively include points F b3 , F c3 and F d3 described later (FIG.26 only shows the points F b3 and F c3 ) which are included in the reflection mirror 89, and central points B 3 , C 3 and D 3 respectively in the central axes b3, c3 and d3 of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 (FIG.26 only shows the points B 3 and C 3 ) are further from the opening part 93 than the points F b3 , F c3 and F d3 .
the points F b3 , F c3 and F d3 include the focal point F 2 of the body of revolution forming the reflection surface 95, and represent the intersection points of the central axes b3, c3 and d3 with a plane Q 3 that is vertical to the optical axis Y 5 of the reflection mirror 89.
the distance between the focal point F 2 and the central point A 3 is 2.35 [mm]
the distance between the points F b3 , F c3 and F d3 and the central points B 3 , C 3 and D 3 is 1. 20 [mm].
the central illuminance contributing region By positioning the central filament element 106 and the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 so that the central point A 3 of the central filament element 106 and the central points B 3 , C 3 and D 3 of the peripheral filament elements are further from the opening part 93 than the focal point F 2 of the reflection surface 95 of the reflection mirror 89, the space occupied by the filament assembly 102 in the region including the focal point F 2 and its vicinity (Hereinafter simply called "the central illuminance contributing region") can be increased and the central illuminance can be heightened.
the central filament element 106 and the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 are within a column body whose outer diameter (the maximum outer diameter) is r 3 [mm], and this column body can be assumed as one filament including the central filament element 106 and the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109.
r 3 [mm] is the maximum inner diameter of a portion of the bulb 101 corresponding to the filament assembly 102
r 3 [mm] is the maximum outer diameter of the filament assembly 102 assumed as one filament.
the maximum outer diameter r 3 can be adjusted by changing the maximum outer diameter r 2 of the central filament element 106 and the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109, and the distance D 6 between the adjacent two filament elements (or the distance D 5 ). Also, the maximum outer diameter r 2 of each of the central filament element 106 and the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 can be adjusted by changing the coil length L C3 of the central filament element 106 or the coil length L S3 of the each of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 and the pitch.
the coil length L C3 of the central filament element 106 and the coil length L S3 of the each of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 may be the same.
the coil lengths L C3 and L S3 are set to 3. 0 [mm] to 5.0 [mm].
the coil length L S3 of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 is the same, the coil lengths L C3 and L S3 may be different.
the coil length L C3 is set to 3. 5 [mm] to 15.
the coil length L S3 is set to 1. 5 [mm] to 4.5 [mm] .
the coil length L C3 may be different from the coil length L S3 and the coil length L S3 may be different for each of the peripheral filament elements 71, 72 and 73.
the coil length L C3 is set to 3. 5 [mm] to 15. 0 [mm]
each coil length L S3 is set to 1.5 [mm] to 4.5 [mm] .
the pitch of the single-wound coils is set to 0.05 [mm] to 0.07 [mm] regarding each of the central filament element 106 and the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109.
the maximum outer diameter r 2 and the coil Length L S3 is the same, and it is more favorable that both of them are the same.
the maximum outer diameter r 2 and the coil length L S3 might vary for each of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 due to variation in accuracy in the manufacturing process of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109.
each of the filament elements 106, 107, 108 and 109 it is preferable that one of the ends that is closer to the opening part 93 is substantially on the same plane. This makes the illuminance on the area irradiated by each of the filament elements 106, 107, 108 and 109 consistent. As a result, the light distribution curve can be uniformed. Further, it is preferable that 0.2 ⁇ L S3 /L C3 ⁇ 0.9 is satisfied in the reason described later. Note that the coil length L S3 of each of the peripheral element 107, 108 and 109 is substantially the same. The expression “substantially the same” means that the coil length L S3 might vary due to variation of accuracy in the manufacturing process of the coil.
the distance D 5 between the central filament element 106 and each of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 is set to be 0.1 [mm] to 2.2 [mm]. This increases the space occupied by the filament assembly 102 in the above-described central illuminance contributing region, and prevents that an arc discharge, caused during the lighting between the central filament element 106 and each of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 and the central filament element 106, burns out the central filament element 106 and the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109.
the distance D 5 is shorter than 0.1 [mm]
the distance D 5 is longer than 2.2 [mm] the space occupied by the filament assembly 102 in the central illuminance contributing region decreases and the central illuminance might not be increased sufficiently or the illuminance of the peripheral region around the central region in the irradiated area might be increased by the periphery filament elements 107, 108 and 109, and a desired beam angle, especially a narrow angle (e.g. 10°, the allowable range is 7.5°-12.5°) can not be obtained.
a narrow angle e.g. 10°, the allowable range is 7.5°-12.5°
a double-wound coil or a triple-wound coil may be used as a coil included in the central filament element 106 and the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109.
the single wining coil is preferable than the double-wound coil and the triple-wound coil. This is because with the single-wound coil, the pitch can be small and the space occupied by the filament assembly 102 in the central illuminance contributing region with in the reflection mirror 89 can be increased.
the maximum inner diameter R 4 measured at a portion of the bulb 101 corresponding to the filament assembly 102 was set to a constant value 9 mm, and the maximum outer diameter r 3 [mm] of the filament assembly 102 was changed by appropriately changing the distance D 6 between adj acent two filament elements.
Each sample was lit at the rated power.
the number of the samples whose filament assembly 102 had been burnt out when 3500 or 4000 hours passed was counted. Also, among the samples whose filament assembly 102 had not been burnt out when 4000 hours passed, the number of the samples the internal surface of whose bulb 101 had been blackened was counted. Table 4 shows the result.
the denominator shows the total number of the samples, and the numerator shows the number of samples whose filament assembly 102 suffered the burnt out.
the dominator shows the number of samples whose filament assembly did not suffer the burnt out, and the numerator shows, among the samples whose filament assembly did not suffer the burnt out, the number of samples the internal surface of whose bulb 101 was blackened. The blackening was checked with eyes.
each of the central filament element 106 and the filament elements 107, 108 and 109 includes the same single-wound coil having the same size and shape, and the pitch is 0.05 [mm] to 0.07 [mm], the maximum outer diameter r 2 is 0.65 [mm].
the coil length L C3 of the central filament element is 5.7 [mm]
the coil length L S3 of the peripheral filament element is 3.4 [mm].
the coil length L C3 of the central filament element 106 and the coil length L S3 of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 are set to satisfy 0.2 ⁇ L S3 /L C3 ⁇ 0.9, where the coil length of the central filament element 106 is L C3 [mm] and the coil length of each of the peripheral filament elements 106, 107 and 108 is L S3 [mm].
the maximum inner diameter R 4 [mm] of a portion of the bulb 101 corresponding to the filament assembly 102 is 9.0 [mm].
Each of the central filament element 106 and the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 includes the single-wound coil, the pitch of each is 0.05 [mm] to 0.07 [mm], and the maximum outer diameter r 2 is 0.65 [mm].
the maximum outer diameter r 3 of the filament assembly 102 is 4.50 [mm].
the distance D 5 is 1. 275 [mm].
the "beam angle” represents an average of the beam angles of the five samples.
the criterion of the beam angle is 10° (allowable range: 7.5° to 12.5°), which is the main stream of the beam angle of commercially available lamps.
the "central illuminance” represents an average of the central illuminance of the five examples.
the central illuminance of a currently commercially available reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp herein after called “the conventional example”
whosebeamangle is 10° and rated power is 65 [W] (rated voltage: 110 [V]) is, for instance 6500 [cd].
the criterion is approximately 10% greater than the central illuminance (6500 [lx]) (the central luminous intensity: 6500 [cd]), which is 7200 [lx] (the central luminous intensity: 7200 [cd]).
the central illuminance is more than the central illuminance of the conventional example (6500 [lx]), and more than 8500 [lx] (8500 [cd] in central luminous intensity).
the beam angle is in the range between 7.5° to 12.5°. This satisfies the above-described criterion. This is also shown by the light distribution curve in FIG.32 and FIG.33. The illuminance of the central part on the irradiated area is high, and the irradiating light is not spread to the peripheral part around the central part.
the halide lamp 88 in the same manner as the halide lamp 31 of the above-described eighth embodiment, it is possible to make the convection zone generated between the bulb 101 and the filament assembly 102 extremely thin, and decrease the amount of evaporation of the tungsten included in the filament assembly 102. As a result, it becomes possible to prevent the burnout of the coils included in the filament assembly 102 due to the thinned tungsten wire of the coil, and achieve a long life. Moreover, since the distance between the bulb 101 and the filament assembly 102 is kept to be moderate distance, it is possible to prevent that the temperature of the bulb 101 and the filament assembly 102 increases to an abnormal level during the lighting. This prevents the damage to the bulb 101 and the blackening of the internal surface of the bulb 101 due to excessive evaporation of the tungsten included in the filament assembly 102.
L C3 [mm] is the coil length of the central filament element 106
L S3 [mm] is the coil length of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109
the D 5 between the central filament element 106 and each of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109 is set to be 0.1 [mm] to 2.2 [mm]
the space occupied by the filament assembly 102 in the above-described central illuminance contributing region is increased, and an arc discharge, caused during the lighting between the central filament element 106 and each of the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109, can be prevented so as not to burn out the central filament element 106 and the peripheral filament elements 107, 108 and 109.
the case where the three filament elements 107, 108 and 109 are arranged to substantially form an equilateral triangle is described.
the same effect can be achieved when four filament elements are arranged to substantially form a square, when five filament elements are arranged to substantially form an equilateral pentagon, when sixfilament elements are arranged to substantially form an equilateral hexagon, and so on.
the bulb 101 has a structure including, as integral parts, the chip-off part 98, the light emitting part 99 substantially in a shape of a spheroid and the sealing part 100.
the present invention is not limited to this.
Well-known bulbs in various shapes may be used.
the bulb may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spheroidal shape and the sealing part.
the bulb may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the spheroidal shape, the short-diameter part and the sealing part.
the bulb may include series of the chip-off part (sometimes not included), the light emitting part substantially in the cylindrical shape, the short-diameter part, the cylinder part and the sealing part.
the light emitting part may be substantially in the spherical shape or substantially in a shape of a combination of a plurality of ellipsoids, instead of the above-described spheroidal shape.
the present invention is not limited to this.
filament elements 74, 75 and 76 and 77 in each of which the tungsten wire is formed such that the outline of the cross section of the tungsten wire cut along a plane vertical to the central axes a3, b3, c3 and d3 is in an ellipsoidal shape may be used to achieve the same effect.
a lighting apparatus of the twelfth embodiment of the present invention is used as a spot light for general lighting for example, and has a structure in which the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 31 according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention, whose rated power is 65 [W], is attached to a well-known lighting fixture (not illustrated).
the lighting fixture usually includes a reflecting plate having a flat surface or a curved surface, or a reflection mirror having a concave surface.
the light from the halide lamp 31 is reflected by the reflection mirror, and emitted through an opening part of the lighting fixture.
a lighting apparatus of the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is used as a spot light for general lighting for example, and has a structure in which the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 53 according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention, whose rated power is 65 [W], is attached to a well-known lighting fixture (not illustrated).
the lighting fixture includes a concave reflection mirror whose reflection surface is in a spheroidal shape or a paraboloidal shape.
the reflection mirror may be fixed to the lighting fixture and not be detachable, or may be detachable and replaced depending on the purpose.
the light from the halide lamp 53 is reflected by the reflection mirror, and emitted through an opening part of the lighting fixture.
a lighting apparatus of the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention is used as a spot light for general lighting for example, and has a structure in which the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 79 according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention, whose rated power is 65 [W], is attached to a well-known lighting fixture (not illustrated).
a lighting apparatus of the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention is used as a spot light for general lighting for example, and has a structure in which the reflection-mirror-equipped halide lamp 88 according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention, whose rated power is 65 [W], is attached to a well-known lighting fixture (not illustrated).
the present invention is not limited to this. For instance, in the case where a halide lamp whose rated power is 20 [W] to 150 [W] is used, the same effect can be achieved.
the present invention does not use a multiple winding coil, and this makes the light emitting body compact, and accordingly the light converging efficiency is improved. Also, the present invention can be mass-produced.
the present invention increases the central illuminance, and realizes favorable light distribution properties especially in the case of the narrow angle type. Therefore, the present invention meets demands for miniaturization of a bulb and for highlighting a display, which are on a light for general use, especially on a lamp for use in a store. Furthermore, a long life can be realized by the present invention. This extends the life cycle of the lamp, and avoids the trouble of having to change the lamp. This means the industrial applicability of the present invention is wide.

Landscapes

Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

EP05806860A 2004-11-16 2005-11-15 Ampoule de lampe, ampoule de lampe avec miroir reflechissant et systeme d'eclarage Withdrawn EP1722400A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
JP2004331537		2004-11-16
JP2004361188		2004-12-14
JP2005193386		2005-07-01
PCT/JP2005/020976 WO2006054563A1 (fr)	2004-11-16	2005-11-15	Ampoule de lampe, ampoule de lampe avec miroir reflechissant et systeme d'eclairage

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP1722400A1 true EP1722400A1 (fr)	2006-11-15

Family

ID=36407106

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP05806860A Withdrawn EP1722400A1 (fr)	2004-11-16	2005-11-15	Ampoule de lampe, ampoule de lampe avec miroir reflechissant et systeme d'eclarage

Country Status (3)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP1722400A1 (fr)
JP (2)	JP4197035B2 (fr)
WO (1)	WO2006054563A1 (fr)

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CN102157337A (zh) *	2011-02-11	2011-08-17	陶国胜	一种双灯丝吸顶灯

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JP4536753B2 (ja) *	2007-06-25	2010-09-01	パナソニック株式会社	管球および反射鏡付き管球
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JP4752951B2 (ja) *	2009-05-29	2011-08-17	ウシオ電機株式会社	白熱電球および光源装置

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2005
- 2005-11-15 WO PCT/JP2005/020976 patent/WO2006054563A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-15 JP JP2006545076A patent/JP4197035B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-15 EP EP05806860A patent/EP1722400A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
2008
- 2008-07-24 JP JP2008190913A patent/JP2008288218A/ja not_active Withdrawn

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CN102157337A (zh) *	2011-02-11	2011-08-17	陶国胜	一种双灯丝吸顶灯
CN102157337B (zh) *	2011-02-11	2014-11-12	陶国胜	一种双灯丝吸顶灯

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
WO2006054563A1 (fr)	2006-05-26
JP2008288218A (ja)	2008-11-27
JPWO2006054563A1 (ja)	2008-05-29
JP4197035B2 (ja)	2008-12-17

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US5556191A (en)	1996-09-17	Electric reflector lamp
JPH0711951B2 (ja)	1995-02-08	白熱ランプ用のフィラメント心合わせ支持体
JP2008288218A (ja)	2008-11-27	管球、反射鏡付き管球および照明装置
US7687979B2 (en)	2010-03-30	Electric lamp/reflector unit employing a ceramic insert
JP4567196B2 (ja)	2010-10-20	赤外線反射膜を有した電気的な白熱ランプ
JP4204620B2 (ja)	2009-01-07	管球、反射鏡付き管球、および照明装置
US8704436B1 (en)	2014-04-22	High-pressure discharge lamp and projector having the high-pressure lamp
JP4173524B2 (ja)	2008-10-29	管球、反射鏡付き管球、および照明装置
JP3277783B2 (ja)	2002-04-22	白熱電球
JP4227656B2 (ja)	2009-02-18	管球、反射鏡付き管球、および照明装置
US20020067109A1 (en)	2002-06-06	Garage lamp
WO2007116921A2 (fr)	2007-10-18	Lampe à incandescence, lampe à incandescence à réflecteur, et appareil d'éclairage
JP2008059893A (ja)	2008-03-13	管球、反射鏡付き管球、および照明装置
JP3443862B2 (ja)	2003-09-08	反射形電球
CN101410936A (zh)	2009-04-15	白炽灯、反射白炽灯以及照明设备
WO2008004540A1 (fr)	2008-01-10	Ampoule, ampoule avec réflecteur et dispositif d'éclairage
JP4588051B2 (ja)	2010-11-24	ハロゲン電球、反射鏡付きハロゲン電球および照明装置
JP3391777B2 (ja)	2003-03-31	ハロゲン電球およびそれを用いた反射鏡付ハロゲン電球
JPH03101050A (ja)	1991-04-25	白熱ランプ
JP4536753B2 (ja)	2010-09-01	管球および反射鏡付き管球
JP2009087680A (ja)	2009-04-23	ハロゲン電球及び反射鏡付きハロゲン電球
JP2009026684A (ja)	2009-02-05	管球および反射鏡付き管球
JP2007294445A (ja)	2007-11-08	管球、反射鏡付き管球および照明装置
JP2009009775A (ja)	2009-01-15	管球および反射鏡付き管球
JPH08212984A (ja)	1996-08-20	反射鏡付き管球

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2007-10-10	RIN1	Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)	Inventor name: KAWAGOE, SHINYA,C/O MATSUSHITA EL. IND. CO. Inventor name: IKEDA, TAKU,C/O MATSUSHITA EL. IND. CO., Inventor name: HASHIMOTO, NAOTAKA,C/O MATSUSHITA EL. IND. CO.
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2011-01-12	18W	Application withdrawn	Effective date: 20101202