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EP1791790A1 - Installation de dessalement d'eau de mer - Google Patents

Installation de dessalement d'eau de mer

Info

Publication number
EP1791790A1
EP1791790A1 EP05785071A EP05785071A EP1791790A1 EP 1791790 A1 EP1791790 A1 EP 1791790A1 EP 05785071 A EP05785071 A EP 05785071A EP 05785071 A EP05785071 A EP 05785071A EP 1791790 A1 EP1791790 A1 EP 1791790A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seawater
heat
cascade
desalination plant
seawater desalination
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05785071A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Szynalski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1791790A1 publication Critical patent/EP1791790A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/007—Energy recuperation; Heat pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/06—Flash distillation
    • B01D3/065—Multiple-effect flash distillation (more than two traps)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/06—Pressure conditions
    • C02F2301/063—Underpressure, vacuum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a seawater desalination plant.
  • the inflowing salt water (saline feedwater) is heated after a small chemical treatment to prevent deposition, progressively in the preheating section (tube bundle heat exchanger) and reaches the end heater (Brine Heater).
  • the water with the aid of Wär ⁇ meenergy usually water vapor at 90 0 C - heated 110 0 C.
  • a higher temperature is not desirable because, in particular, calcium sulfate (CaSO4) to solve at 115 0 C from the salt water and heavy deposits. cause the system to be shut down.
  • the heated water is now forwarded to the first evaporation stage, de ⁇ ren ambient pressure is reduced, that a part of the water ver ⁇ flashes (flashing).
  • the water vapor condenses and additionally heats the countercurrent salt water.
  • the resulting distillate is collected and discharged separately.
  • the remaining Brine is pumped further into the following boiler, where the same process takes place again at lower pressure and temperature levels.
  • Typical MSF plants have between 15 and 25 stages and produce between 4,000 - 100,000 m 3 / d fresh water.
  • Another method for desalination of seawater is the multi-effect distillation (MED) and the methods based on reverse osmosis on a membrane (reverse osmosis or RO) in question.
  • MED multi-effect distillation
  • RO reverse osmosis
  • the membrane process (RO) is significantly better than the thermal processes (MSF, MED), since only in the case of the Distillation process thermal energy is needed.
  • the bandwidths given in the table depend on the type of installation and the size of the installation, because with increasing system efficiency (system type) and increasing steam volume (system size), the specific energy requirement decreases.
  • the membrane process does not score significantly better than the thermal process MED, since the maintenance costs are lower in the distillation processes.
  • the filters used in the membrane process only have a lifespan of five years, which leads to high costs.
  • the bandwidths given in the table do not depend on the type of installation and the size of the installation but on the type of energy used (gas, oil, nuclear energy).
  • the selection criteria for the selected project goal can now be formulated.
  • the task for the invention results from the improvement of the known processes for the production of drinking water from seawater (seawater desalination), in particular with regard to energy and the creation of a cost-effective and efficiently operated plant.
  • the plant can thus be operated independently up to the supply of fossil fuels.
  • a support or even complete operation by solar energies is possible.
  • By suitable dimensioning a delivery of electrical energy is conceivable.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the seawater desalination plant according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a table for the thermodynamic analysis of an MSF
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of a heat pump
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a block heating station
  • Figure 6 is a diagram for energy transport
  • Figure 7 is a diagram for heat recovery.
  • the plant concept according to the invention is as follows.
  • the plant is based on the method of evaporation in order to allow desalting as free of residue as possible.
  • the stepwise expansion or multi-stage flash technology is used:
  • the construction of a chamber for Vakumverdampfung is shown in Figure 1.
  • Seawater inlet Seawater (salt water) coming from the previous stage, which forces the condensation of the steam in the heat exchanger
  • Residual water outlet cooled, partially evaporated seawater, which could not be evaporated and is passed on to the next stage
  • Vacuum pump Supply line to the vacuum pump, which supplies the necessary vacuum for evaporation via a control valve
  • the cogeneration plant is currently available as standard in heating systems and can provide heating energy and electricity at low cost through high efficiency.
  • the heat pump can reduce the necessary heating demand and is supplied with electrical energy by the combined heat and power plant.
  • the combined heat and power supplies, etc. also the power for pumps, control systems ..
  • the heat pump preferably operates at temperatures up to 6O 0 C, des ⁇ semi it is to be used very effectively in the lower stages of MSF chambers to reduce the temperature differences.
  • FIG. 2 shows the block diagram of a seawater desalination plant with a diesel generator DS, a heat pump WP and a few heat exchangers WT connected in the circuit.
  • the heat exchanger WT are integrated in the liquid circulation of a cascade of cascade tanks K1, K2, Kn.
  • the cascade container K1, K2, Kn are connected via pressure regulator DR with a vacuum pump VP, which generates the negative pressure for the evaporation of the seawater.
  • the heat pump WP and the vacuum pump VP are operated by means of an energy station ES.
  • the diesel generator DS generates the necessary electrical energy.
  • the resulting heat energy is transferred via a heat exchanger WT to the liquid circuit for further heating of the seawater.
  • the diesel generator DS can be coupled with systems for the use of solar energy and / or boil-off heat
  • the invention is based on the additional heat transfer from the raw water by means of the heat pump WP to the water to be heated in the cascade sections K1, K2, Kn. This saves heating energy and significantly increases the efficiency of the process. Furthermore, the heat pump WP can be switched and coupled to heat exchangers WT in such a way that the residual energy contained in the pure water is removed. taken and introduced into the heating process of the seawater (see Fig. 2). Thus, the necessary cooling can be supported on the withdrawal side of the pure water. At the same time, the surplus energy is used to minimize the energy required to heat up the seawater through energy sources.
  • the heat pump WP is coupled as a preferably multi-stage arrangement on réelletau ⁇ shear WT both on the energy extraction side with the piping system of the raw water (seawater) and with the line system of pure water.
  • several heat pumps WP can be used.
  • tube bundle heat exchangers can be used here in a particularly advantageous manner, which are provided with an efficient heat transferring filler. This makes possible an improved forwarding of the heat to be recovered.
  • thermodynamic analysis The special effect of the system can be demonstrated by a thermodynamic analysis.
  • the table according to FIG. 3 shows the thermodynamic analysis of an MSF cascade.
  • the table shows the values for the thermodynamic analysis of an MSF cascade.
  • the seawater temperature rises when passing through 10 cascade stages from 31 to 89 degrees C.
  • the temperature increase from stage to stage is 5 - 6 degrees C.
  • FIG. 4 shows the functional diagram of a heat pump.
  • the heat pump is integrated as a per se known assembly in the field of seawater desalination plant. In this case, it is driven by the electric supply by means of a diesel generator. This can be part a combined heat and power plant.
  • a station for power generation is designed as a diesel generator DS.
  • FIG. 5 shows the functional diagram of a diesel generator DS.
  • the diesel generator DS supplies the required heat energy for the operation of the MSF stages and the electric power for the heat pump WP, the vacuum pump VP and the entire system. This is thus, in addition to the required fuel, completely self-sufficient, and can also be operated away from developed areas.
  • An extension of the seawater desalination system according to the invention results from heat pump arrangements.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show the energy balance of such a system.
  • FIG. 6 shows that the evaporation energy can be recovered from the condensation energy. The temperature increase necessary for the evaporation is applied by means of introduced evaporation energy. At the same time condensation energy is released again during the condensation of the pure water, whereby the temperature drops again. Although both processes take place at different temperature levels, the energy released can be used to replace the required energy.
  • FIG. 7 this is utilized according to FIG. 7 in that a heat pump is integrated in the region of the discharge of the pure water via a heat exchanger (see FIG. 2). The energy obtained there can be introduced into the cascade section for heating the water to be evaporated.
  • FIG. 7 shows the temperature reduction of the seawater via the cascade stages (condensation stages).
  • the temperature of the pure water reached at the end of the cascade stages is further lowered via a heat exchanger of the heat pump.
  • the amount of heat gained is introduced by means of the heat pump at an elevated temperature level in addition - and at the same time reduction - the necessary heating power for the evaporation wie ⁇ in the cascade stages.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation de dessalement d'eau de mer, comportant une cascade de corps d'évaporation raccordés par un système de conduites acheminant de l'eau de mer salée. Chaque cascade peut être soumise à une dépression. Après avoir traversé les cascades, l'eau de mer est acheminée aux corps d'évaporation de façon à subir une évaporation successive. Afin de permettre d'améliorer le bilan énergétique de l'installation, un ensemble d'échangeurs de chaleur (WT) est placé au moins dans la conduite d'acheminement de l'eau de mer ou une pompe à chaleur (WP) est raccordée à un ou plusieurs échangeurs de chaleur (WT).
EP05785071A 2004-09-17 2005-09-14 Installation de dessalement d'eau de mer Withdrawn EP1791790A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004045581 2004-09-17
PCT/DE2005/001608 WO2006029603A1 (fr) 2004-09-17 2005-09-14 Installation de dessalement d'eau de mer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1791790A1 true EP1791790A1 (fr) 2007-06-06

Family

ID=35285559

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05785071A Withdrawn EP1791790A1 (fr) 2004-09-17 2005-09-14 Installation de dessalement d'eau de mer

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20080017498A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1791790A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2005284554A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE112005002873A5 (fr)
MX (1) MX2007003302A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006029603A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200702018B (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007010575A1 (de) 2007-02-26 2008-11-20 Joseph Wallers Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Meerwasserentsalzung
DE102009031246A1 (de) 2009-01-29 2010-08-05 Peter Szynalski Ein- oder mehrstufiger kombinierter Verdampfer und Kondensator für kleine Wasserentsalzungs-/-reinigungsmaschine
ITAN20090009A1 (it) * 2009-03-17 2010-09-18 S Tra Te G I E S R L Apparato per produzione autonoma almeno di acqua dolce da dissalazione marina.
RO126018A2 (ro) * 2009-06-18 2011-02-28 Vasile Muscalu Instalaţie şi procedeu pentru desalinizarea apei
US20110048920A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-03 Industrial Idea Partners, Inc. Adsorbent - Adsorbate Desalination Unit and Method
US20110132550A1 (en) * 2009-12-09 2011-06-09 Industrial Idea Partners, Inc. Single Chamber Adsorption Concentrator
DE102011004836A1 (de) 2011-02-28 2012-08-30 Gea Wiegand Gmbh Vakuumpumpanlage und Prozessanlage mit einer Vakuumpumpanlage
NO20120734A1 (no) * 2012-06-25 2013-12-26 Vacuwatt As Varmepumpeanlegg
US9908059B2 (en) * 2014-08-08 2018-03-06 Michael Henry McGee Desalination or water purification means, extremely low cost construction and operation
US10987609B1 (en) * 2018-02-11 2021-04-27 John D. Walker Polar-linear-fresnel-concentrating solar-thermal power and desalination plant
CN117069189A (zh) * 2023-09-19 2023-11-17 北京大学鄂尔多斯能源研究院 一种低碳运行的双热泵废水零排放处理系统

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US3637465A (en) * 1969-08-06 1972-01-25 James D Wilson Distillation method having counterflow heat exchange with condensate
US3869351A (en) * 1973-11-09 1975-03-04 Everett H Schwartzman Evaporation system as for the conversion of salt water
FR2274564A1 (fr) * 1974-06-17 1976-01-09 Rigollot Georges Installation pour la distillation de grandes quantites d'eau
US4089744A (en) * 1976-11-03 1978-05-16 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Thermal energy storage by means of reversible heat pumping
US4267022A (en) * 1977-04-27 1981-05-12 Pitcher Frederick L Energy efficient process and apparatus for desalinizing water
DE2837727A1 (de) * 1978-08-30 1980-03-06 Mohamed Ing Grad Jannoun Meerwasserentsalzung und trinkwassergewinnung durch verdampfung mit hilfe einer gaswaermepumpe, angetrieben von einer verbrennungsmaschine
DE2939694A1 (de) * 1979-09-29 1981-04-09 Helfried Dipl.-Phys. 8021 Icking Crede Destillationsverfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens
JPH03181302A (ja) * 1989-12-12 1991-08-07 Hitachi Ltd 蒸留装置
AU2001270867A1 (en) * 2000-10-21 2002-04-29 Pb Power Ltd. Process and plant for multi-stage flash desalination of water

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Title
See references of WO2006029603A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2005284554A1 (en) 2006-03-23
DE112005002873A5 (de) 2007-08-30
MX2007003302A (es) 2007-10-02
ZA200702018B (en) 2009-04-29
WO2006029603A1 (fr) 2006-03-23
US20080017498A1 (en) 2008-01-24

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