EP1774038A2 - Procede permettant de detecter et d'identifier simultanement differentes especes animales ou vegetales, dans un echantillon de matiere organique - Google Patents
Procede permettant de detecter et d'identifier simultanement differentes especes animales ou vegetales, dans un echantillon de matiere organiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP1774038A2 EP1774038A2 EP05793103A EP05793103A EP1774038A2 EP 1774038 A2 EP1774038 A2 EP 1774038A2 EP 05793103 A EP05793103 A EP 05793103A EP 05793103 A EP05793103 A EP 05793103A EP 1774038 A2 EP1774038 A2 EP 1774038A2
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- European Patent Office
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/16—Primer sets for multiplex assays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of traceability of animal or plant species. More specifically, the subject of the invention is a method allowing the simultaneous detection of animal and plant species within a sample of organic material, using the specific hybridization principle, advantageously implemented on a DNA chip, as well as oligonucleotides, probes and primers can be implemented in such a method.
- the identification of animal and plant species is an essential and crucial step in many current areas such as agri-food, fraud prevention, trade and the protection of biodiversity (Bartlett et al, Biotechnics, 12: 408- 411, 1992, Lockey and Bardsley, T Food Sci Tech 11: 67-77, 2000).
- This identification uses methods based mainly on three types of data: morpho-anatomy, the presence of specific proteins and more recently DNA.
- the first method is to determine the species, or sometimes the group of species using diagnostic morpho-anatomical characters. This method applies when the animal is whole (for example at the auction for fish) or there are enough characters to identify it (part of the recognizable body, bone ).
- Two other methods, which are based on the use of proteins, have been used for the last fifteen years: they are immunological and physicochemical methods.
- the third approach is to amplify a given fragment with specific oligonucleotides of the desired species, and thus allows to verify the presence of the targeted species and only this one (Maudet and Taberlet, J Dairy Res., 68: 229-35 2001, Rodriguez et al., J Agric Food Chem 51: 1524-9, 2003, Verma et al., Forensic Sci Int 137: 16-20, 2003). Nevertheless, the methods described above are not entirely satisfactory.
- the method based on morphology is not applicable in the case of processed products or when there are not enough diagnostic characters (blood stains, muscle pieces on a stall ).
- Protein-based methods are only applicable to fresh substrates because proteins denature by heat, or during preservation processes, such as salting, drying or canning. In addition, it has been shown that these methods are very sensitive to the tissues considered (Lockley and Bardsley, 2000, supra).
- the method based on the PCR-sequencing is inoperative when several species are mixed because only the majority hope is detected or the sequence is not readable.
- the last two techniques, (PCR-RFLP and PCR with specific oligonucleotides) require to know precisely the species or the group of species that one seeks to highlight.
- the present invention proposes to provide a method for simultaneously detecting the presence of a very wide range of species, these species may be present alone or in mixtures, and this in a fresh or degraded product. Furthermore, the invention proposes to provide a method for the simultaneous detection of animal or plant species, which is at the same time specific, sensitive, rapid and relatively inexpensive, in particular with respect to its only competitor, the method of PCR, cloning and sequencing (WO 02/101090).
- the invention therefore, first of all, a method for simultaneously detecting, in a sample of organic material, the possible presence of biological materials from different animal or plant species belonging to a given plant or animal taxonomic group, comprising at least 40, preferably at least 50 and preferably at least 70 different species, and selecting the species likely to be present, comprising the following successive steps: a) extraction of the DNA from the sample b) amplification of the extracted DNA, by the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR), with at least one pair of primers, each pair of d primer used to amplify, for all animal or plant species belonging to the given taxonomic group, a nucleotide region of the mitochondrial or chloroplast DNA, said nucleotide region being specific to each animal or plant species which belongs to the given taxonomic group, c) bringing the amplification product into contact with a group of probes comprising, for each of the different species of the taxonomic group, at least one probe specific to each animal or plant species belonging to the given plant or animal
- DNA or nucleotide region "specific to each animal or plant species that belongs to the given taxonomic group” refers to a nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial or chloroplast genome specific to each animal or plant species belonging to the given taxonomic group.
- Species-specific probes are derived from these specific regions of the species-specific mitochondrial or chloroplast genome and retain the specificity as defined above (i.e., uniqueness with respect to all other species in the given taxonomic group). ).
- complementary inverse sequence of a sequence is meant a sequence complementary to the inverse sequence of said sequence.
- each base is replaced by its complementary base, namely, G by C, C by G, A by T and T by A.
- the percentage of sequence identity is, in the sense of the invention, determined by the nucleic sequence comparison techniques, performed after alignment. Sequence alignments are made, for example, with the SeaView software (Galtier et al., Comput Biosci., 12, 543-548, 1996) which utilizes the Clustal_w alignment program developed by Thompson et al. Nucleic Acid Res. 22, 4673-4680, 1994). After alignment, the percentage of sequence identity is then calculated between the two aligned fragments of the same length, by counting manually or with commercial software, the number of identical bases and dividing it by the length of the fragment. * 100 on which the comparison was made.
- a plant or animal species is defined as a group of living plant organisms or living animal organisms, genetically separated from other living organisms, plant or animal, respectively, and able to reproduce only among themselves.
- a species is designated by the binomial name recognized by international codes of zoological and botanical nomenclature, such as, for example, Bison bison, Bison bonasus, Bos taurus, Capra hircus, Capra ibex, Capra pyraneica, Ovis aries, Rupicapra pyraneica, Rupicapra rupicapra, Camelus bactrianns, Camelus dromaderius, Lama pacos, Alces acces, Cervus elaphus, Rangifer tarandus, Elephas maximus, Loxodonta Africana, Equus asinus, Equus c ⁇ ballus, Felis catus, Homo sapiens, Lepus europaeus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Macropus giganteus
- taxonomic group plant or animal is meant a group of species forming a monophyletic group, such as mammals, gadidae.
- Specific plant or animal taxonomic group means a set of animal species or a set of plant species belonging to a monophyletic set, this set being chosen as a function of the specific application targeted by the method of the invention.
- Organic matter sample means any solid or liquid material that is assumed to have at least partially an organic origin, that is to say derived from living beings, animals or plants, even after a process of complex transformation.
- biological material derived from an animal or plant species is meant a material extracted from an individual of an animal or plant species which has a specific DNA of the species.
- degraded DNA DNA that has been damaged by environmental action or transformation processes.
- Degraded DNA is usually in the form of small fragments (less than or equal to about 200 pb) and in small quantities.
- Examples in which I 1 DNA is in degraded form are: - foods (cooked, freeze-dried, dried, smoked, pickled, canned, pasteurized, frozen ”) - fertilizers, flours, seeds (ground, dried, fermented, roasted) %) - eggshells, bones, horns, teeth, hair, hair, feathers, excrement (drying, action of time, temperature Among - alcohols (alcoholic, distilled, fermented, ...) - hides, skins, furs, mummified tissues (tanned, taxidermized, colored, Certainly - scrolls, papers, wood (time action, process of transformation used in stationery, ...) - ivory, amber (action of time , ...) - glues, natural pigments (paints, dyes), soils, sediments (
- amplification product is meant the DNA fragment or fragments or the amplified DNA sequence (s) obtained after the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). .
- the amplification product contains several copies of different fragments or amplified DNA sequences, when the sample of organic material to be analyzed comprises a mixture of different DNA fragments, each from a different species. belonging to the given taxonomic group.
- FIG 1 schematically shows the main steps of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a summary map of the complete gene coding for cytochrome b in the human species (Genbank accession number: J01415), and the positions of the variable zones, from which the probes in the illustrative example are derived, and the positions of the conserved areas from which the primers originate.
- 3 presents a summary table of the selected species forming the given taxonomic group, in the illustrative example, of their common names, of the number of sequences used to determine their associated species-specific oligonucleotides (N) and the number or numbers of accessions used.
- Figure 4 summarizes the 5 steps (AE) used to determine species-specific oligonucleotides in the case of Dicentrarchns labrax bar.
- Figure 5 presents a summary table of the selected species forming the given taxonomic group, in the illustrative example, and their respective species-specific oligonucleotide with their associated Tm, hairpin and homoduplex.
- FIG. 6 shows examples of amplifications after migration on 2% agarose gels for the 3 types of fragments, respectively from top to bottom along the middle and the short. Some aspecific bands are visible for some species.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the various steps of the process according to the invention, from the extraction of the DNA until the detection of any hybridization reactions.
- FIG. 8 shows the hybridization results of mixtures A, B and C.
- the present invention is based on the principle illustrated in FIG. 1, which consists of amplifying the DNA of fresh or transformed substrates, by PCR with a single pair of primers allowing for all the species to be detected, to amplify a short specific target species DNA fragment, bringing the amplification product into contact with complementary species-specific probe oligonucleotides, for example, deposited on a DNA chip, to detect whether or not there has been a hybridization reaction. This makes it possible to simultaneously screen the presence of a large number of species, alone or in mixture.
- the detection principle therefore consists in fixing on a support a given selection of genes or gene fragments, specific species, in the form of a single strand (probes), to incubate it in the presence of the amplification product: the complementary sequence of genes (target) is present in the amplification product, this sequence will specifically recognize on the support its complementary sequence and form a double strand of DNA. This process is called hybridization.
- the target species specific DNA sequence is of mitochondrial origin for animals and plants or chloroplast for plants.
- Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA
- mtDNA mitochondrial origin for animals and plants or chloroplast for plants.
- mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA
- it is easier to detect than genomic DNA because it is present from 100 to 1000 copies per cell against two copies for nuclear DNA. It can therefore be more surely detected in organic materials in which the DNA is subjected to various physical factors (temperature, pressure, ...) chemical or biochemical tending to its degradation.
- it is an excellent species marker that is often used in phylogeny.
- the method according to the invention must be able to be implemented on a sample containing degraded DNA, where only a short fragment of a few hundred base pairs can be amplified. Therefore, advantageously, the DNA targets and probes specific to each animal or plant species of the selected taxonomic group, belong to a nucleotide region (or its complementary reverse sequence), less than 400 nucleotides, mitochondrial or chloroplast DNA, said nucleotide region being specific to each animal or plant species that belongs to the given taxonomic group.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suited to the detection and identification of a large number of vertebrate species that are either used in human nutrition or have a particular interest in biodiversity ( endangered species, controlled trade).
- the taxonomic group chosen corresponds, advantageously, to a group of vertebrate species which comprises in particular one or more species of actinopterygian and / or chondrichthyan fish, and preferably several species of mammals, birds, actinopterygian fish and chondrichthyan.
- the target DNAs and the specific species probes are advantageously chosen within the DNA encoding cytochrome b, because, in addition to the reasons mentioned above: (i) the sequence of this gene is very variable between the species and thus allows the discrimination of phylogenetically very closely related species, (ii) there are a number of extremely conserved regions along the gene which thus make it possible to draw pairs of primers common to a very large number of species, (iii) the individual variability of this gene within the same species is relatively low (a few%), (iv) this gene has been preferentially used in molecular phylogeny in the last 15 years, it is therefore by far the mitochondrial gene the most represented in the banks (more than 20000 sequences for the only vertebrates in 2001).
- the specific target DNAs and probes are derived from a fragment of 373 base pairs (with the primers) situated approximately at the center of the gene (total length of the gene approximately 1140 base pairs, variable between the species).
- This zone comprises 2 transmembrane zones which are the most variable in the gene and is located between two conserved regions which makes it possible to draw primers allowing the amplification of a very large number of vertebrate species.
- FIG. 2 illustrates precisely the position of these conserved and variable zones on the human mitochondrial DNA encoding cytochrome b (accession number of the reference sequence: J01415 of SEQ ID NO: 1 Anderson et al Nature, 290; 457-465, 1981).
- Step a) of the process according to the invention consists in extracting the fresh or degraded DNA from the organic sample of interest.
- Isolation of the nucleic acids from the starting sample can be achieved in a variety of ways. These methods include the use of detergents leading to lysates, the use of enzymes (lysozyme, proteinase K, for example) sonication, mechanical agitation in the presence of beads. In some cases, it may be necessary to purify the extracted nucleic acids in order to get rid of possible contaminants such as nucleases. In this case, the purification of the nucleic acids can be carried out by phenol-chloroform extraction, chromatography, ion exchange, electrophoresis, equilibrium centrifugation or capture by hybridization on a solid support. Commercially available extraction kits or kits may be used.
- DNA extraction by the phenol / chloroform method is suitable for all types of samples that may contain organic matter, such as fillet, soup, terrine, pâté, fat, flour, fish-based preparations
- This method employs techniques described in HANNI et al, 1990, CR Acad. Sci. Paris., 310, 365-370 and HANNI et al., 1995, Nucl. Acids Res., 23, 881-882 and is especially described in WO02 / 101090 to which reference may be made for more details.
- the method comprises a step b) of amplifying the DNA extracted from the biological sample of interest.
- Amplification of the extracted DNA consists of multiplying the species-specific nucleic acid fragments extracted from the sample. It makes it possible to considerably increase the number of copies of a target nucleic sequence to be detected.
- PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
- PCR a target amplification technique that relies on the repetition of DNA synthesis cycles in vitro by elongation of hybridized nucleotide primers on the target sequence (Saiki et al. al., 1985. Science 230: 1350-1354, EP 0 201 184).
- the polymerase chain reaction method comprises a repetition of the cycle of the following steps: - heating of the DNA extracted from the mixture of organic origin, so as to separate the DNA into two strands single-stranded hybridization of the single-stranded DNA strands at an appropriate temperature with the oligonucleotide primers according to the invention for amplifying the DNA specific for the species that one seeks to detect and / or identify, - elongation of said appropriate oligonucleotide primers by a polymerase at a suitable temperature, to obtain a single amplification product containing each of said DNA sequences or each of said DNA fragments characteristic of the species or species present.
- nucleotide primers each complementary to a sequence of one of the two strands of the target DNA are synthesized.
- Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates are added in excess to the reaction medium in the presence of a thermostable DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase). If a
- Target DNA is present in the sample, the primers hybridize to their specific sites and the polymerase extends the 3 'end of these primers by successive addition of nucleotides complementary to the target.
- the extended primers dissociate from the target and can, like the original target, fix the nucleotide primers in excess. Repetition of the process (from 30 to 50 times) results in an exponential accumulation of the target sequence between the two primers.
- the PCR is therefore carried out in the presence of a suitable enzymatic system and a pair of primers of the invention, prior to the hybridization and detection step.
- one of the primers is labeled, in order to allow later detection during step d) of the method according to the invention.
- Any commercially available kit, including the Eppendorf Kit can be used for the PCR reaction. In the case of processed products, it is necessary to use amplification protocols (Hanni et al., 1990 and 1995 supra and
- WO98 / 50401 in particular to overcome any inhibitors present.
- the amplification product is advantageously purified, according to any conventional technique well known to those skilled in the art.
- the amplification of the DNA contained in the sample of organic matter of interest is carried out using a pair of primers for amplifying, for all the species of the selected taxonomic group, a DNA fragment. specific to the species.
- the following pairs of primers are particularly suitable for a group of vertebrates: an oligonucleotide consisting of about 15 to 25 nucleotides, preferably 17 to 23 nucleotides, having at least 80%, preferably at least 90% and advantageously at least 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID sequence
- CTICCITGAGGICARATRTC OR the sequence SEQ ID No. 3:
- nucleotides preferably from 17 to 23 nucleotides, having at least 80%, preferably at least 90% and advantageously at least 95% identity of sequence with the sequence SEQ ID No. 4: TRAARTTITCIGGRTCICC or the sequence SEQ ID N 0 5: TRAARTTNTCNGGRTCNCC, an oligonucleotide consisting of about 15 to 25 nucleotides, preferably 17 to 23 nucleotides, having at least 80%, preferably at least 90% and advantageously at least 95% of sequence identity with the SEQ ID sequence
- oligonucleotide consisting of about 15 to 25 nucleotides, preferably 17 to 23 nucleotides , exhibiting at least 80%, preferably at least 90% and advantageously at least 95% of sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID No. 8: GAYAAARTTYCITTYCA YCC or the sequence SEQ ID No. 9: GAYAAARTNYCNTTYCAYCC, with I: inosine; R: A or G; and Y: C or T and N: A, G, C or T.
- the following pairs of primers are particularly preferred:
- the subject of the invention is also oligonucleotides consisting of about 15 to 25 nucleotides, preferably 17 to 23 nucleotides. , exhibiting at least 80%, preferably at least 90% and advantageously at least 95% of sequence identity with one of the oligonucleotides having one of the following sequences or their respective complementary inverse sequences:
- sequence SEQ ID No. 7 GGRTGRAANCRNAYTTTRTC - the sequence SEQ ID No. 8: GAYAAARTIYCITTYCAYCC the sequence SEQ ID No. 9: GAYAAARTNYCNTTYCAYCC with I: inosine; R: A or G; and Y: C or T and N: A, G, C or T.
- the preferred primer pairs SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO : 2 and SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 8 are found, in all selected vertebrates, in the DNA sequence coding for cytochrome b and frame, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the specific species of DNA fragments that one wishes to amplify.
- These inosine primers which have chemical affinities with the four bases, amplify all species in the given taxonomic group that has been selected.
- two pairs of primers one chosen from SEQ ID No. 2 or SEQ ID No. 3 and SEQ ID No. 2, will advantageously be used in combination. 6 or SEQ ID No. 7, the other of SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 8 or SEQ ID No. 9 that make it possible to amplify smaller species-specific DNA fragments. .
- step c) of the method uses species-specific probes selected for immobilization on a biochip, so as to evaluate the presence of species-specific nucleic acids placed under hybridization conditions with the probes. , by detecting the probes on which these nucleic acids are fixed by hybridization. It is then possible to deduce the species whose biological substances are present in the sample and therefore to identify such species because, in the vast majority of cases, only specific hybridization reactions are observed.
- specific hybridization is meant a hybridization reaction between a species-specific probe and the target DNA of that species.
- Each selected species-specific probe DNA is capable of causing a specific hybridization reaction with an amplified nucleic acid, specific to the selected species of which it is the probe, comprising a sequence complementary to that of the oligonucleotide.
- Most of the known hybridization techniques can be implemented in this process and in particular the so-called “Dot Blot” or “Southern” techniques.
- the method according to the invention is adapted to be implemented with a biochip and the DNA probes are selected for this purpose.
- the different probes are therefore preferably able to hybridize under comparable hybridization temperature conditions and do not fold back on themselves under these hybridization conditions.
- the probes (in this case species-specific oligonucleotides) are thus deposited on a DNA chip support, each probe being fixed in multiple numbers on an elementary site of the active face of the support.
- the use of DNA chips thus makes it possible to simultaneously search for the presence of a very large number of species, without having to sequence or to clone and then sequencing, in the case of mixtures, the PCR product.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to detect at least 40, preferably at least 50, advantageously all the following vertebrate species:
- the probe DNA of each species advantageously consists of an oligonucleotide comprising at most 50 nucleotides, preferably from 17 to 24 nucleotides, and corresponding to a specific species portion, of the mitochondrial DNA coding for cytochrome b. of said species, approximately between nucleotides 15162 and 15497 of the mitochondrial DNA coding for cytochrome b, the nucleotide numbers corresponding to their position relative to the nucleotide sequence of the human mitochondrial DNA encoding cytochrome b taken as a reference (S.
- the probe DNA of each species consists of an oligonucleotide comprising at most 50 nucleotides, preferably from 17 to 24 nucleotides, and corresponding to a specific species portion, of the mitochondrial DNA coding for the cytochrome b of the said species, approximately between nucleotides 15162 and 15392 or 15411 and no.
- nucleotide numbers corresponding to their position relative to the nucleotide sequence of the DNA human mitochondrial coding for cytochrome b as a reference (S. Anderson et al., Genbank, JO 1415), after alignment of the gene of said species encoding cytochrome b with the human reference gene coding for cytochrome b.
- this specific species portion approximately between nucleotides No. 15162 and No. 15497 corresponds to the following consensus sequence which groups in a generic form all the sequences found in the aforementioned species:
- V A, C or G
- H A, C or T D: A, G or T
- N A, C, G or T
- the DNA probes correspond to a specific species fragment of the DNA coding for the cytochrome b of the species of which it is the probe which has one of the following sequences, with possibly one to five fewer nucleotides to one either of the 3 'or 5' ends and / or one to five more nucleotides at either end
- SEQ ID NO: 59 TTGCTGGGGCCACAATA
- SEQ ID NO: 60 CTTTCTTCGTCCTCCATGTA
- SEQ ID NO 61 SEQ ID NO TAGCTCTTACACTACTAGCACT 0 62: CTAACCTTTTATCAGCAGTCC
- SEQ ID NO: 63 AGACCTCCTTGGCTTTGTAA
- SEQ ID NO: 64 CCTCCTACACCTCTCT ATTTTT
- SEQ ID NO: 65 ATGCTACCCTAACTCGGTTT
- SEQ ID NO: 66 CTAATGTCCACTGTCCCCTA
- SEQ ID NO: 67 GTTCTAATTGGATTAACTAGCCTC
- SEQ ID NO: 68 ATCGTTTTAATTGGCCTAGCT
- SEQ ID NO: 70 TAACCAGCGGGGATT AACTC
- SEQ ID NO: 71 TGGAAACGCCCTTGTACAAT
- SEQ ID NO: 72 TTCACCTTCTGTTCCTTCATG
- SEQ ID NO: 73 CATCCTTAGCTCTATTCGCA
- SEQ ID NO: 74 CATCATTAGCTCTGTTCGCA
- SEQ ID NO: 75 TCGTAGCTATATTGCTTGGC
- SEQ ID NO: 76 CTGCTGTACCCT ATGTAGGA
- SEQ ID NO: 77 CAATTCTGCTTGTTGCACT
- SEQ ID NO: 78 TGGCAGCAACAATTCTTCAC
- SEQ ID NO: 79 TTCCCCTTTGTTATCTTAGCG
- SEQ ID NO: 80 TATGTTGGAACTACCCTCGTT
- SEQ ID NO: 81 ATATGTCGGAACTACCCTCG
- SEQ ID NO: 82 TGATCCTGCTAGTAGCACTC
- SEQ ID NO: 83 ACCTTATTAGCAACCTTAGCA
- SEQ ID NO: 84 TTCCTTCTCCCCTTCGTTGT
- SEQ ID NO: 85 TAACTTGTCTTGCCCTATTCG
- SEQ ID NO: 86 AAGATCTGCTAGGGTTTGCA
- SEQ ID NO: 87 ATTCCTAATCGTGGGCCTAA
- SEQ ID NO: 88 TATCCACCTTGTCCTTGTTC
- the probes may comprise one to five more nucleotides at one and / or the other of the 3 'or 5' ends, of these sequences means that it can include at each end of one to five adjacent bases in the gene encoding the cytochrome b of the species of which it is the target, which amounts to moving the probe sequence a little on the genome.
- the table 5 indicates, for each probe of sequence SEQ ID N 0 10 to SEQ ID NO: 88, what kind it is specific.
- the subject of the invention is therefore also the above-mentioned DNA probes, and in particular those corresponding to the sequences SEQ ID No. 10 to SEQ ID No. 88.
- DNA chip is meant any solid support on which fragments are immobilized. DNA.
- DNA chips a new tool for genetic analysts and diagnostics. M. Cuzin, Clinical and Biological Transfusion 2001, 8: 291-6, and "How to make a DNA chip” Mickael C Pirrung.
- the biochip will be intended to receive, in liquid form, the organic sample of interest suspected of containing at least one biological substance from a target species belonging to the group. of vertebrates represented on the DNA chip by a specific probe.
- a biochip comprises a support having a useful face with an operating surface in contact with the organic sample of interest.
- the support consists of an inert material, in the sense that it does not substantially interact with the sample, for example silicon, a glass, or a plastic material, for example a thermoset or thermoplastic synthetic resin, such as polypropylene , a polystyrene or a polyacrylamide resin.
- a set of elementary sites, also called cells, are distributed on the operating surface, in the manner of pixels, for example according to at least two reference axes, each elementary site being addressed, that is to say, identified by coordinates. which are unique to it in any appropriate reference, formed for example by reference axes.
- DNA probes according to the invention are immobilized by any appropriate means, for example chemical, by covalent bonding, or by means of a spacer arm, by adsorption, absorption, ... by photolithography techniques or by a piezoelectric system, by capillary deposition of preformed ligands in particular.
- a multiplicity of DNA probes are each fixed in multiple numbers on different elementary sites respectively.
- at least 400 identical oligonucleotide sequences and preferably at least 1000 sequences are fixed per elemental site.
- the DNA chip is generally arranged to cooperate with at least one device or instrument that will deliver an output signal in relation to the presence and nature, and possibly the amount of biological substance from said target species.
- the means for observing, transmitting, or transmitting the signal or output signals, corresponding to the hybridization of the probe DNA with the amplified DNA of the target species, respectively at one or more binding sites make it possible, in final, detecting the formation or absence of formation of hybridization complexes, so as to deduce whether the sample of organic matter may contain biological material from one or more of the animal species belonging to the given group of vertebrates represented on the DNA chip and identify the animal species in question.
- the probe DNA or the amplified DNA will be advantageously labeled.
- marking is meant fixing on the probe or the target, covalently or otherwise, a marker, allowing, especially after illumination, the emission of an output signal that can be detected.
- markers include: enzymes, for example oxidation of a chromogen such as horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, fluorophores such as fluorescein, cyanine, Cy3 or Cy5, phycoerythrin, phosphors such as luminol, isoluminol, ABEI (N-4-aminobutyl-N-ethyl-isoluminol) or haptens such as biotin.
- enzymes for example oxidation of a chromogen such as horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, fluorophores such as fluorescein, cyanine, Cy3 or Cy5, phycoerythrin, phosphors such as luminol, isoluminol, ABEI (N-4-a
- the output signal or signals therefore vary, depending on the markers used, and the type of detection required. It may be light, electrical, electro-optical, electrochemical signals, etc., which are detected separately, taking into account the addressing of the elementary sites of the DNA chip.
- the reaction or emission constituting the output signal is preferably detected or even measured in an automated manner.
- biochips may further comprise, in an integrated manner or not with the operating surface and its ligands or probes, various means, brought back to the scale of the biochip, conventionally used in the laboratory, to: - obtain or prepare the sample of interest, from another sample said to start, denaturation, separation, concentration, purification, etc.
- treating the sample of interest for example by amplification, and / or labeling with a marker, before it is put in contact with the ligands or probes; treating the complex or complexes formed between the target species and the ligand or ligands, for example by labeling, so as to obtain, respectively, or after formation of the complexes, respectively one or more output signals.
- the present invention solves a dual technical problem encountered in many areas such as agribusiness in particular, food traceability, the fight against fraud, trade, and the protection of biodiversity, that is to say: the identification of the different species of a mixture made possible, even in products where the DNA is degraded or even degraded (cooked dishes, cans, animal remains ...) (Lefranwestis et al., Anti-Fraud DNA, Biofutur, 165, 27-30, 1997).
- the invention allows the identification of a single species in a fresh product, as well as the identification of several species in a highly degraded product.
- the present invention makes it possible to fight against a very large number of frauds, and thus to protect consumers against possible reprehensible replacements and the species concerned against overexploitation or prohibited exploitation.
- the invention is also applicable in more fundamental fields especially in ecology and systematics: monitoring populations from traces (faeces, hair), characterization of the diet of certain carnivorous species (from the study of stomach contents) Determination of in-situ biodiversity Determination of species at various stages when morpho-anatomical characters are non-existent or difficult to detect (eggs, larvae, juveniles). This list is not exhaustive and illustrates the very important potentialities of this new tool.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates the principle of the method according to the invention.
- the illustration of the invention relates to the identification of animal species belonging to four taxonomic groups of vertebrates, which are birds, mammals, actinopterygian fish and chondrichthyans, and more specifically to 79 of them, respectively 9, 40, 28 and 2 species. These species have been chosen because they have a significant economic and / or conservation interest (endangered %) and the sequences for the chosen fragment are available in sequence libraries (Genbank, EMBL ... ). The species chosen, as well as their common names, the number of sequences used as references and their respective accession numbers are shown in Figure 3.
- Two or three short oligonucleotides for the species in question were chosen in order to maximize the number of autapomorphies (sites unique to the chosen species) within each of them, and on the other hand to place the differences of bases observed with the closest species in the most central positions possible. Indeed, the more the position of the mismatches is less central will be the hybridization thereafter between the species-specific oligonucleotide and other species, for example between the specific oligonucleotide of beef and that of the bison.
- Homoduplexes pairing between two identical strands
- Homoduplexes are calculated by the methods described by (Breslauer et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 83: 3746-3750, 1986, and Freier et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 83: 9373-9377, 1986)
- the hairpins folding of a probe on itself to form a helix
- the free energy threshold values used (calculated both at 65 ° C) for secondary structures are for hairpins (DG hairpin): -0.3 kcal / mol and homoduplexes (DG homoduplex): -6, 1 kcal / mol (the calculated values for our oligonucleotides are specified in Figure 5). That is to say within the meaning of the invention, it is considered that a probe oligonucleotide does not fold on itself, if its hairpin and homoduplex are greater than these threshold values.
- the oligonucleotides probes specific species were prepared according to conventional methods of nucleotide synthesis.
- a C6 AMINE at the 5 'position was added to each oligonucleotide. This amino modification was added to improve the quality of the oligonucleotides and allow their attachment to selected DNA chip carriers, namely Quantifoil® slides. All the information concerning these oligonucleotides is specified in the table given in FIG. 5.
- C - PCR PROBE The four primers used are the degenerate oligonucleotides which correspond to the sequences SEQ ID Nos. 2, 4, 6 and 8 modified in 5 by adding phosphate or Cy3. Their position on human cytochrome b (Genbank J01415) is given in Figure 2.
- the number indicates the position of the 3 'end of the primer on the complete human cytochrome b gene; L indicates that the primers are located on the oriented strand 5'- 3 'in the banks of international sequences; H: indicates that the primers are located on the complementary strand, P for the phosphate and CY3 for the fluorophore.
- the phosphate was added during the synthesis of the oligonucleotides at the 5 'end of the two primers located on the light strand L15162P and L 15411P and a fluorophore (Cy3) at the 5' end of the two other primers located on the strand.
- the short fragment having a length of 124 base pairs, is between the primers L15411P and H15497CY3.
- the total length of the fragments includes each time the primers.
- D - PCR After extraction, carried out from the Qiagen kit, the targeted fragment is amplified with one of the three pairs of primers. One is labeled with a 5 'fluorophore Cy3 and the other has a 5' phosphate.
- the probe oligonucleotides were deposited on Quantifoil® slides at a concentration of 25 ⁇ molar, to form the DNA chip.
- a number checks and standard ranges were deposited on both sides of the deposits of the oligonucleotide probes species-specific to verify that the hybridization went well and, subsequently, facilitate the placement of the grid for the reading of the result with the GeneTAC TM LS IV scanner (using GeneTAC Integrator 3.3 software, Genomic solutions) and its exploitation with analysis software like GenePEX TM cPro 4.1 (Axon Instruments, Inc.).
- the phosphated strand is digested with lambda exonuclease for 30 minutes at 37 ° C and then purified again.
- the single-strand is finally resuspended in the hybridization buffer provided by the manufacturer.
- Hybridization takes place at 50 ° C. in a hybridization oven and this throughout the night.
- the various steps of the process of the invention are summarized in FIG. 8.
- the conditions for treating the slide before and after the hybridization are those provided by the manufacturer.
- each sample was extracted with a commercial kit, then amplified, and then digested. Once these three steps were done separately for each sample, several were pooled (usually 4 or 5) to validate our approach as quickly as possible. These samples were selected phylogenetically enough apart to easily identify which hybridized species on more than one oligonucleotide at a time.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0408434A FR2873716B1 (fr) | 2004-07-30 | 2004-07-30 | Procede permettant de detecter et d'identifier simultanement differentes especes animales ou vegetales, dans un echantillon de matiere organique |
| PCT/FR2005/001966 WO2006024751A2 (fr) | 2004-07-30 | 2005-07-27 | Procede permettant de detecter et d'identifier simultanement differentes especes animales ou vegetales, dans un echantillon de matiere organique |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP1774038A2 true EP1774038A2 (fr) | 2007-04-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP05793103A Withdrawn EP1774038A2 (fr) | 2004-07-30 | 2005-07-27 | Procede permettant de detecter et d'identifier simultanement differentes especes animales ou vegetales, dans un echantillon de matiere organique |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1774038A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2873716B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006024751A2 (fr) |
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| FR2975697B1 (fr) | 2011-05-26 | 2013-05-17 | Univ Grenoble 1 | Amorces universelles et leur utilisation pour la detection et |
| FR2975696B1 (fr) | 2011-05-26 | 2013-05-17 | Univ Grenoble 1 | Amorces universelles et leur utilisation pour la detection et |
| CN110452994B (zh) * | 2019-08-26 | 2022-06-07 | 国家卫生健康委科学技术研究所 | 用于同步检测十种动物源成分的引物对、探针及方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10014575A1 (de) * | 1999-03-16 | 2000-11-30 | Hans Konrad Schackert | Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Organismen durch vergleichende genetische Analyse sowie Primer und Hybridisationssonden zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| WO2001014592A2 (fr) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-01 | Clarity Biosciences, Inc. | Identification d'organismes par detection d'acide nucleique intronique ou de proteines codees |
| US20030129641A1 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-10 | Hideo Yano | Method for determining biospecies contained in test specimen and kit used for the same |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10105056A1 (de) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-08 | Congen Biotechnologie Gmbh | Verfahren und Kit zur tierartspezifischen DNA-Indifikation in einer Probe |
| WO2002077278A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-03 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Amorceurs universels pour identification de la faune et de la flore |
-
2004
- 2004-07-30 FR FR0408434A patent/FR2873716B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-27 EP EP05793103A patent/EP1774038A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-27 WO PCT/FR2005/001966 patent/WO2006024751A2/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10014575A1 (de) * | 1999-03-16 | 2000-11-30 | Hans Konrad Schackert | Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Organismen durch vergleichende genetische Analyse sowie Primer und Hybridisationssonden zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| WO2001014592A2 (fr) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-01 | Clarity Biosciences, Inc. | Identification d'organismes par detection d'acide nucleique intronique ou de proteines codees |
| US20030129641A1 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-10 | Hideo Yano | Method for determining biospecies contained in test specimen and kit used for the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2873716B1 (fr) | 2008-07-04 |
| FR2873716A1 (fr) | 2006-02-03 |
| WO2006024751A3 (fr) | 2006-07-27 |
| WO2006024751A2 (fr) | 2006-03-09 |
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