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EP1767660B1 - Procedé d'opération un four sous vide à seule chambre pour trempe en hydrogène - Google Patents

Procedé d'opération un four sous vide à seule chambre pour trempe en hydrogène Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1767660B1
EP1767660B1 EP06018641A EP06018641A EP1767660B1 EP 1767660 B1 EP1767660 B1 EP 1767660B1 EP 06018641 A EP06018641 A EP 06018641A EP 06018641 A EP06018641 A EP 06018641A EP 1767660 B1 EP1767660 B1 EP 1767660B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
hydrogen
gas
workpieces
furnace interior
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06018641A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1767660A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Schmetz
Mehmet Özdeslik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sistem Teknik Endustriyel Elektronik Sis San Ve Tic Ltd Sti
Original Assignee
Sistem Teknik Endustriyel Elektronik Sis San Ve Tic Ltd Sti
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Publication of EP1767660A1 publication Critical patent/EP1767660A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a heat treatment plant with a single-chamber vacuum furnace having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a single-chamber vacuum furnace.
  • Low-alloyed steels have hitherto been hardened mainly in protective gas furnaces with oil quenching (so-called sealed quenching).
  • the vacuum gas carburization is carried out in special multi-chamber plants using quenching oil baths or high pressure quenching stations with nitrogen or helium.
  • gas quenching is preferred.
  • the currently used multi-chamber furnaces are very expensive and are especially suitable for the production of large series of automobile parts or the like. Parts have been developed. They lack the flexibility to be adaptable to changing tasks.
  • the control and monitoring of the process is much easier to carry out because the workpieces do not have to be moved during the process and therefore sensors can be placed directly on or in the workpiece, which can detect its actual temperature.
  • the lambda value is the cooling time from 800 ° C to 500 ° C measured in seconds divided by 100. These values for the cooling rate are significantly slower than those achievable with quenching in an oil bath.
  • DE-A 4121277 relates to a method and a device for monitoring the operational safety and for controlling the process sequence in a vacuum heat treatment furnace.
  • Curve 2 shows the course of the pressure within the curing oven over the duration of the process.
  • the time scale is arranged on the horizontal X-axis, which represents a total of five hours from the beginning of the process to the end.
  • the temperature scale covers a temperature range from 0 ° C to 1200 ° C.
  • the pressure scale is located on the right side of the diagram. This indicates the pressure in absolute bar. It goes from 0 bar to 10 bar, where 0 bar is vacuum.
  • the curve 1 first begins at room temperature. This is the section 1a on the temperature curve 1. Thereafter, the heater is turned on and brings along the section 1b the furnace to a temperature of about 1050 °.
  • the required temperature range for the various carburizing applications for which the furnace is to be suitable is from 800 ° C to 1100 ° C.
  • the furnace temperature is kept constant in section 1c.
  • Section 1c is about an hour long.
  • the furnace is rapidly cooled, ie from 1050 ° to room temperature within about 20 minutes. There, the temperature is then kept constant until the end of the process, ie until unloading of the workpieces. This section is labeled 1e.
  • the pressure curve which is illustrated in the curve 2, initially starts at 1 bar, ie at ambient pressure. This corresponds to the air when loading the hardening furnace in the interior of the oven is present.
  • the furnace chamber is first evacuated for a period of about 20 minutes. The air in the oven chamber is removed before switching on the heater, so that no oxidation can take place. Instead, with the switching on of the heater, ie in the transition from 1a to 1b on the temperature curve, the furnace chamber is flooded with about 2 bar of nitrogen as inert gas. For a period of about 2 hours, the pressure is maintained. This corresponds to section 2b of the pressure curve. The nitrogen filling of the furnace is maintained approximately up to a temperature of 700 ° C.
  • the workpieces in the furnace will be heated by convection heating. Thereafter, the furnace interior is evacuated by applying vacuum. The associated pressure drop from 2 bar to 0 bar is marked with the section 2c. The further heating of the workpieces from 700 ° to the final temperature of 1050 ° takes place via radiant heating.
  • a carbon-containing gas is repeatedly introduced at a pressure of about 30 mbar into the furnace chamber for a short time.
  • This gas for example acetylene, causes the surface to be exposed to carbon via the thermal decomposition on the surface of the workpieces during the time periods 2e. This carbon diffuses from the surface into the workpiece.
  • so-called diffusion phases 2f are provided between the carburization phases 2e, in which the gas is removed from the furnace chamber by applying a vacuum. Carbon taken up by then from the workpiece surface can then diffuse into the workpiece without newly added carbon.
  • phases 2e and 2f can be repeated.
  • This embodiment contains method steps as they are for thin-walled Workpieces would be suitable in which a relatively low carburization is sought.
  • the furnace interior evacuated until then is flooded with hydrogen gas, up to an absolute pressure of 10 bar.
  • the heating is switched off, which has until then kept the temperature in the curve section 1c constant.
  • the temperature drops rapidly to ambient temperature through hydrogen cooling along curve 1d.
  • the phase of hydrogen cooling is designated 2g.
  • a circulation of the hydrogen gas with a powerful fan in the furnace interior supports the heat dissipation.
  • the hydrogen flow within the furnace chamber is deflected several times, so that the workpieces are charged from several sides with the cooling gas. If the cooling is completed close to room temperature, the hydrogen gas is removed in section 2h from the furnace chamber, until reaching the vacuum.
  • the interior is flooded from 0 bar to ambient pressure with nitrogen, which is illustrated by the curve portion 2i. If the oven is then opened, air enters the interior. The pressure adjusts to the atmospheric pressure. This section of the pressure curve is labeled 2k.
  • the method described offers the possibility in a single-chamber vacuum furnace of achieving cooling rates which otherwise could only be achieved during oil quenching or water quenching.
  • the cooling rate depends from the slope of the curve 1 in section 1d.
  • the hydrogen is then introduced into the interior in section 2g, then there is no more oxygen there. An explosion hazard is thereby completely excluded. During the cooling phase, no oxygen comes into the furnace interior.
  • the hydrogen is then vented to the flue through bleed valves, and upon reaching atmospheric pressure, the residual hydrogen is pumped out of the furnace interior by vacuum pumps (section 2h). Any existing residual hydrogen is diluted to such an extent by flooding with nitrogen in Section 2i that in each case no ignitable mixture can arise.
  • the drive motors of the fans and the heater are de-energized.
  • the opening of the oven in section 2k for unloading the inventory therein is then completely uncritical. The air entering at the opening will have neither an ignition source nor sufficient hydrogen concentration to form explosive conditions.
  • the hydrogen pumped out in section 2h is vented to the atmosphere through gas-tight pipes and vacuum pumps via a chimney, outside the plant building. After pumping off the hydrogen, the chimney 17 is completely purged with nitrogen to ensure that there is no hydrogen left in it, which could form an ignitable mixture.
  • the factory building is in the FIG. 2 illustrated in more detail.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an operating building 10 for carrying out the method described above.
  • the operating building is designed as a hall in which a hardening furnace 11 is set up in a conventional manner.
  • a storage tank 12 is provided for hydrogen.
  • a storage tank 13 is arranged for gaseous nitrogen in addition to another storage tank 14 for liquid nitrogen.
  • the two storage tanks 12 and 13 for the gaseous supply are connected via connecting lines 15, 16 with the hardening furnace 11.
  • the hardening furnace 11 is further provided with a chimney 17 which leads out of the building into the atmosphere.
  • the chimney 17 is made higher than the ridge line of the building 10th
  • the hardening furnace 11 has on its left front side a closure lid 18 which is to open for loading and unloading of the curing oven 11.
  • Behind the plane of the cap Figure 18 illustrates a hatched area 20 in which special provisions are provided against mechanical damage to the external attachments and piping.
  • This area 20 is mechanically secured in such a way that driving this area in the vicinity of the hardening furnace 10 with machines such as forklifts and the like is not possible.
  • driving over the area 20 with a gantry crane is precluded by appropriate mechanical devices or electrical precautions that affect the control of the crane. For this purpose, barriers, crash barriers or even a cage can be provided. These safety measures prevent the hydrogen-carrying lines 15, 17, the associated valve means and pumps and the hardening furnace itself from being damaged in such a way that hydrogen can escape within the operating building 10.
  • the closure lid 18 of the curing oven 11 is further provided with a circumferential seal that hermetically seals in operation safely by overpressure of a protective gas. In this way it is avoided that when changing from negative pressure to overpressure, as occurs in operation and in the curve 2 of FIG. 1 Illustrated is leaks.
  • FIG. 3 finally shows the curing oven 11 in an enlarged view.
  • the oven is of the single chamber vacuum oven type with a fan whose axis of rotation is identical to the central axis of the oven.
  • the oven door 18 is particularly equipped to leakages when switching between negative pressure and pressure. This is in the published patent application WO 2004/096427 A1 described in more detail, which goes back to the same applicant. It should be mentioned that also vertical Einttingöfen be built, and that the cooling fan and the heat exchanger can also be installed in an external housing, which is then connected to the furnace housing.
  • the particularly critical time phase of the first quenching of the holding temperature 1c is favorably influenced.
  • the quality of the workpieces is also determined by the delay that arises during the hardening process.
  • the gas flow with frequent reversal of direction in vacuum ovens was successfully introduced several years ago.
  • the present invention provides a new, complementary approach to this problem.
  • the full gas pressure of hydrogen is introduced into the furnace for quenching. Depending on the oven, this pressure can be 10bar amount, but also 20bar or 40bar.
  • the cooling rate to be set to achieve a given lambda value is controlled by the gas velocity and ultimately the rate of circulation within the furnace.
  • the circulating fan is regulated in its speed, with a control range of 10% of the maximum speed is provided to the full maximum speed.
  • the technical effect is that there are three factors influencing the rate of cooling, namely the type of gas, the gas pressure and the gas flow rate. So far, the experts believe that these three components are of equal importance. This may apply to the narrative hardness. In the delay of the workpieces, however, differences have been found.
  • the type of cooling gas used affects all surfaces of the workpieces exposed to the cooling gas. The same applies to the gas pressure, which is the same everywhere in the treatment room of the furnace. However, the flow velocity of the cooling gas will vary on the workpiece surfaces, depending on how they are reached by the gas flow.
  • a swirl throttle or a similar means for influencing the flow velocity can also be used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un four d'atelier de trempe, à une chambre, sous vide, avec refroidissement par hydrogène, présentant les étapes de procédé suivantes :
    a) remplissage de l'enceinte intérieure du four avec des pièces d'oeuvre ;
    b) fermeture de l'enceinte intérieure du four ;
    c) mise sous vide de l'enceinte intérieure du four ;
    d) chauffage des pièces d'oeuvre et maintien d'une température de consigne ;
    e) remplissage de l'enceinte intérieure du four avec de l'hydrogène sous haute pression, arrêt du chauffage et mise en circulation de l'hydrogène pour le refroidissement des pièces d'oeuvre ;
    f) évacuation de l'hydrogène et mise sous vide de l'enceinte intérieure du four ;
    g) remplissage de l'enceinte intérieure du four avec un gaz protecteur inerte, jusqu'à environ la pression atmosphérique ;
    h) ouverture du four et déchargement des pièces d'oeuvre.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'étape c) est prévu :
    c1) le remplissage de l'enceinte intérieure du four avec un gaz protecteur ;
    c2) le chauffage par convection des pièces d'oeuvre en faisant circuler le gaz protecteur ;
    c3) la mise sous vide de l'enceinte intérieure du four.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans l'étape c2) et/ou dans l'étape g), le gaz protecteur est de l'azote.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans l'étape f), l'hydrogène est évacué hors du bâtiment d'atelier (10) par l'intermédiaire d'une cheminée (17).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la cheminée (17) est plus haute que la hauteur de toit du bâtiment d'atelier (10).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pendant et/ou après l'étape de procédé d), on introduit au moins une fois un gaz renfermant du carbone dans l'enceinte intérieure du four.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le gaz est à nouveau extrait par pompage avant l'étape de procédé e).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le gaz est de l'acétylène auquel est ajouté, le cas échéant, un gaz porteur.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins dans l'étape e), il est possible de réguler la vitesse de rotation du ventilateur servant à la mise en circulation de l'hydrogène.
EP06018641A 2005-09-23 2006-09-06 Procedé d'opération un four sous vide à seule chambre pour trempe en hydrogène Not-in-force EP1767660B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005045783A DE102005045783A1 (de) 2005-09-23 2005-09-23 Einkammer-Vakuumofen mit Wasserstoffabschreckung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1767660A1 EP1767660A1 (fr) 2007-03-28
EP1767660B1 true EP1767660B1 (fr) 2011-04-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06018641A Not-in-force EP1767660B1 (fr) 2005-09-23 2006-09-06 Procedé d'opération un four sous vide à seule chambre pour trempe en hydrogène

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20070068606A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1767660B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1936030A (fr)
AT (1) ATE504664T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102005045783A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007029038A1 (de) * 2007-06-21 2009-01-02 Eliog-Kelvitherm Industrieofenbau Gmbh Vakuumofen zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischen Werkstücken und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb
US8820098B2 (en) * 2011-05-17 2014-09-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for quenching of materials in vacuum furnace
CN106498136B (zh) * 2016-12-30 2018-04-03 上海颐柏热处理设备有限公司 一种高压液态或超临界态淬火的装置
CN107560425A (zh) * 2017-09-30 2018-01-09 志圣科技（广州）有限公司 真空压力烤箱
CN111785445A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2020-10-16 浙江佳伟新材料科技有限责任公司 一种铜包钢同轴电缆的抗拉强度控制工艺
CN112853072A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 江苏华苏工业炉制造有限公司 一种方形单室卧式多区域加热高真空回火炉

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2844843C2 (de) * 1978-10-14 1985-09-12 Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve Industrieofen zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke
DE3416902A1 (de) * 1984-05-08 1985-11-14 Schmetz Industrieofenbau und Vakuum-Hartlöttechnik KG, 5750 Menden Verfahren und vakuumofen zur waermebehandlung einer charge
DE3736501C1 (de) * 1987-10-28 1988-06-09 Degussa Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung metallischer Werkstuecke
DE3819803C1 (fr) * 1988-06-10 1989-12-14 Ulrich 5810 Witten De Wingens
DE4034085C1 (fr) * 1990-10-26 1991-11-14 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De
DE4100989A1 (de) * 1991-01-15 1992-07-16 Linde Ag Verfahren zur waermebehandlung in vakuumoefen
DE4121277C2 (de) * 1991-06-27 2000-08-03 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur selbsttätigen Überwachung der Betriebssicherheit und zur Steuerung des Prozeßablaufs bei einem Vakuum-Wärmebehandlungsofen
DE4312627A1 (de) * 1993-04-19 1994-10-20 Hauzer Holding Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Gegenständen
FR2810340B1 (fr) * 2000-06-20 2003-03-14 Etudes Const Mecaniques Cellule de trempe au gaz
DE10108057A1 (de) * 2001-02-20 2002-08-22 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Abschrecken von metallischen Werkstücken
US7033446B2 (en) * 2001-07-27 2006-04-25 Surface Combustion, Inc. Vacuum carburizing with unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons
WO2004096427A1 (fr) * 2003-04-30 2004-11-11 Sistem Teknik Endustriyel Elektronik Sis. San. Ve Tic.Ltd.Sti. Porte a fermeture rapide pour recipients sous pression

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1767660A1 (fr) 2007-03-28
ATE504664T1 (de) 2011-04-15
DE502006009240D1 (de) 2011-05-19
DE102005045783A1 (de) 2007-03-29
US20070068606A1 (en) 2007-03-29
CN1936030A (zh) 2007-03-28

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