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EP1753848A1 - Composition d'hydrocarbures destinee a reduire les eraflures et le grippage du metal sur l'interface metallique de transmissions a changement de vitesses continu - Google Patents

Composition d'hydrocarbures destinee a reduire les eraflures et le grippage du metal sur l'interface metallique de transmissions a changement de vitesses continu

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Publication number
EP1753848A1
EP1753848A1 EP05749280A EP05749280A EP1753848A1 EP 1753848 A1 EP1753848 A1 EP 1753848A1 EP 05749280 A EP05749280 A EP 05749280A EP 05749280 A EP05749280 A EP 05749280A EP 1753848 A1 EP1753848 A1 EP 1753848A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
percent
oils
metal
present
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP05749280A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
William C. Ward, Jr.
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Lubrizol Corp
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Lubrizol Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lubrizol Corp filed Critical Lubrizol Corp
Publication of EP1753848A1 publication Critical patent/EP1753848A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/022—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/024—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026—Butene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for lubricating a continuously variable transmission and a composition thereof.
  • Continuously variable transmissions represent a radical departure from conventional automatic transmissions.
  • the push belt version of the CVT was invented by Dr. Hub Van Doorne, and since its introduction, many cars have been equipped with the push belt CVT system.
  • CVT push belts are manufactured by Van Doorne's Transmissie VB of Tilburg, the Netherlands.
  • a more detailed description of such transmissions and belts and lubricants employed therein is found in European Patent Application 753 564, published January 15, 1997, as well as references cited therein.
  • a belt and pulley system is central to the operation of this type of transmission.
  • the pulley system comprises a pair of pulleys with a V-shaped cross-section, each consisting of a moveable sheave, a fixed sheave, and a hydraulic cylinder. Between the pulleys runs a belt, which consists of a set of metal elements held together by metal bands. In operation, the driving pulley pushes the belt to the driven pulley, thereby transferring power from the input to the output.
  • the transmission drive ratio is controlled by opening or closing the moveable sheaves so that the belt rides lower or higher on the pulley faces. This manner of operation permits continuous adjustment of gear ratio between the input and output shafts. It has become clear from commercial use of the CVT that the fluids used in the CVT are just as important as the mechanical design for satisfactory operation.
  • the lubricant must fulfill several functions: to lubricate the metal belt in its contacts with the pulley assembly, the planetary and other gears, the wet-plate clutches, and the bearings; to cool the transmission; and to carry hydraulic signals and power.
  • the hydraulic pressure controls the belt traction, transmission ratio, and clutch engagement.
  • the lubricant must provide the appropriate degree of friction between the belt and pulley assembly, to avoid the problem of slippage on one hand, and binding on the other, all the while providing protection to the metal surfaces from pitting, scuffing, scratching, flaking, polishing, and other forms of wear. Accordingly, the fluid should maintain a relatively high coefficient of friction for metal/metal contact, as well as exhibiting a suitable degree of shear stability.
  • Patent 4,734,446, Tipton, March 29, 1988 discloses a lubricant mixture suitable for an automatic transmission fluid, comprising a homopolymer of an non-aromatic monoolef ⁇ n or a copolymer of said non- aromatic monoolefin with an aromatic monoolef ⁇ n, a nitrogen containing ester, an oil-soluble acrylate polymerization product, and an oil of lubricating viscosity. Other typical ingredients may be included.
  • U.S. Patent 5,759,964, Sumiejski, June 2, 1998 discloses an antiwear enhancing composition for lubricants and functional fluids such as automatic transmission fluids.
  • the present invention solves the problem of metal on metal scuffing or seizing in a continuously variable transmission by providing a suitable CVT fluid with improved resistant to metal on metal scuffing or seizing by including in the CVT lubricant combinations of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, isobutylene polymer, and optionally olefin co-polymer.
  • the compositions of the present invention can be used as lubricating oils and greases in industrial applications and in automotive engines, transmissions, and axles. These compositions are effective in a variety of applications including crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines, including automobile and truck engines, two-cycle engines, aviation piston engines, marine and low-load diesel engines, and the like.
  • automatic transmission fluids are also useful as additives for traction fluids.
  • automatic transmission fluids manual transmission fluids, transaxle lubricants, gear lubricants, metalworking lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and other lubricating oil and grease compositions can benefit from the incorporation of the compositions of this invention.
  • inventive functional fluids are particularly effective as automatic transmission fluids, particularly fluids for continuously variable transmissions, including push-belt type and toroidal traction drive transmissions.
  • the present invention provides formulations and a method suitable for lubricating a continuously variable transmissions, comprising: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a isobutylene polymer present in an amount of at least 0.5 percent by weight ; and (c) an alkylated naphthalene or an alkylated benzene present in an amount of at least 0.1 percent by weight.
  • the present invention further provides a method for lubricating a continuously variable transmission, comprising imparting to said transmission the aforedescribed formulation.
  • the first component of the present invention is an oil of lubricating viscosity which is generally present in a major amount (i.e. an amount greater than 50% by weight). Generally, the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in an amount of greater than 80% by weight of the composition, typically at least 85%, preferably 90 to 95%. Such oil can be derived from a variety of sources, and can include natural and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.
  • the natural oils useful in making the inventive lubricants and functional fluids include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., lard oil, castor oil) as well as mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic/naphthenic types which may be further refined by hydrocracking and hydrofinishing processes and are dewaxed. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful.
  • Useful natural base oils may be those designated by the American Petroleum Institute (API) as Group I, II, or III oils.
  • Group I oils contain ⁇ 90% saturates and/or > 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index (VI) of > 80.
  • Group II oils contain > 90% saturates, ⁇ 0.03% sulfur, and have a VI > 80.
  • Group III oils are similar to group II but have a VI > 120. Upon occasion, highly refined or hydrocracked natural oils have been referred to as "synthetic" oils.
  • synthetic lubricating oils are understood to include hydrocarbon oils and halo-substituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes); poly(l-hexenes), poly(l-octenes), poly(l-decenes), and mixtures thereof; alkyl-benzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls); alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof
  • Polyalpha olefin oils are also referred to as API Group IV oils.
  • Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified such as by esterification or etherification constitute another class of known synthetic lubricating oils that can be used.
  • oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide the alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 500-1000, or diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000-1500) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acid esters, mixed C 3-8 fatty acid esters, or the C 13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
  • alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers e.g., methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 500-1000, or diethyl ether of polypropylene
  • esters of dicarboxylic acids e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer
  • alcohols e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, or propylene glycol
  • these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecy
  • Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C 5 to C 12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, or tripentaerythritol.
  • Silicon-based oils such as the polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy-, or polyaryloxy-siloxane oils and silicate oils comprise another useful class of synthetic lubricants (e.g., tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetra-(2-ethylhexyl)silicate, tetra-(4-methyl-hexyl)silicate, tetra-(p-tert-butyl- phenyl) silicate, hexyl-(4-methyl-2pentoxy)disiloxane, poly(methyl) siloxanes, poly-(methylphenyl)siloxanes).
  • synthetic lubricants e.g., tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetra-(2-ethylhexyl)silicate, tetra-(4-methyl-hex
  • lubricating oils include liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl ester of decane phosphonic acid), and polymeric tetrahydro- furans.
  • traction oils are typically synthetic fluids containing a large fraction of highly branched or cycloaliphatic structures, i.e., cyclohexyl rings. Traction oils or traction fluids are described in detail, for example, in U.S. Patents 3,411,369 and 4,704,490.
  • Unrefined, refined, and rerefined oils either natural or synthetic (as well as mixtures of two or more of any of these) of the type disclosed hereinabove can be used in the lubricants of the present invention.
  • Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment.
  • a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations a petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be an unrefined oil.
  • Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity is a poly-alpha-olefin (PAO).
  • PAO poly-alpha-olefin
  • the poly-alpha-olefins are derived from monomers having 4 to 30, or 4 to 20, or 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
  • PAOs examples include those derived from 1-decene. These PAOs may have a viscosity of 2 to 150.
  • Example of poly- ⁇ -olefins include oligomers of 1-decene.
  • These synthetic base oils are hydrogenated resulting in an oil of stability against oxidation.
  • the synthetic oils may encompass a single viscosity range or a mixture of high viscosity and low viscosity range oils so long as the mixture results in a viscosity which is consistent with the requirements set forth below.
  • preferred base oils are highly hydrocracked and dewaxed oils. These petroleum oils are generally refined to give enhanced low temperature viscosity and antioxidation performance. Mixtures of synthetic oils with refined mineral oils may also be employed.
  • the second component of the present invention is an isobutylene polymer, which is typically soluble in the lubricant composition.
  • the isobutylene polymer comprises predominately repeating units from isobutylene, and is present in the fully formulated lubricant in an amount of at least 0.5 percent by weight, typically 1 to 10 percent by weight, and will typically have a number average molecular weight of 500 to 3000.
  • the isobutylene polymer is present in the lubricant composition in two component fractions.
  • the first fraction is present in an amount of 1.0 to 6.0 percent by weight and has a number average molecular weight of 250 to 1600
  • the second fraction is present at 0.5 to 2.0 percent by weight and has a number average molecular weight of 1600 to 3000.
  • the first fraction is present an amount of 2.0 to 5.0 percent by weight and has a number average molecular weight of 750 to 1200
  • the second fraction is present in an amount of 1.0 to 1.25 percent by weight and has a number average molecular weight of 1750 to 2500.
  • the isobutylene polymer should exhibit a sufficient solubility in the lubricant composition as a whole, and in the solvent (described below) in particular, in order to be dissolved and remain in solution at the particular concentration employed.
  • the third component of the present invention is an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon, which comprises an alkyl benzene or an alkylated naphthalene or combinations thereof.
  • the amount of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is present in the lubricant composition in an amount of at least 0.1 percent by weight, preferably 0.25 to 10 percent by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 4 percent by weight.
  • the Alkylated Naphthalene In one embodiment, the alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon comprises an alkylated naphthalene which can include a mixture of products such as alkylated naphthalenes, coupled and bridged naphthalenes, oligomers and dehydrohalogenated waxes.
  • the weight average molecular weight (Mw ) is a useful characterization of the final product.
  • a suitable Mw range is 300 to 20,000, or 300 to 10,000.
  • a Mw is 300 to 6,000, or 400 to 2000.
  • the amount of alkylated naphthalene is present in the lubricant composition in an amount of 0.25 to 4 percent by weight; in another embodiment 0.5 to 2.5 percent by weight, or 1.0 to 2.0 percent by weight.
  • the alkylated naphthalene can be of the formula
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is within the range of 6 to 60, preferably 15 to 50.
  • the total number of carbon atoms of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is not more than 40 and most preferably not more than 30.
  • Preferable aliphatic groups represented by R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 include alkyl and alkenyl groups.
  • Alkyl groups containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms are methyl, ethyl, the isomers of propyl, the isomers of butyl, the isomers of pentyl, the isomers of hexyl, the isomers of octyl, the isomers of nonyl, the isomers of decyl, the isomers of undecyl, the isomers of dodecyl, the isomers of tridecyl, the isomers of tetradecyl, the isomers of pentadecyl, the isomers of hexadecyl, the isomers of heptadecyl, the isomers of octadecyl, the isomers of nonadecyl, and the isomers of eicosyl.
  • Alkenyl groups containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms include vinyl, the isomers of propenyl, the isomers of butenyl, the isomers of pentenyl, the isomers of hexenyl, the isomers of heptenyl, the isomers of octenyl, the isomers of nonenyl, the isomers of decenyl, the isomers of undecenyl, the isomers of dodecenyl, the isomers of tridecenyl, the isomers of tetradecenyl, the isomers of pentadecenyl, the isomers of hexadecenyl, the isomers of heptadecenyl, the isomers of octadecenyl, the isomers of nonadecenyl and the isomers of eicosenyl.
  • alkyl groups and alkenyl groups preferred are the alkyl groups.
  • the total number of carbon atoms of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is preferably 8 to 60, especially 12 to 20, especially 16 to 18.
  • Alkyl groups also can include alkyl chains derived from chlorinated long chain paraffins. All of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may be aliphatic groups, or at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may be aliphatic groups while the rest thereof may be hydrogen atoms. It is preferable that 1 to 3 of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are aliphatic groups while the rest thereof are hydrogen.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 When two out of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are aliphatic groups, the combination of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may be arbitrarily selected. Both aliphatic groups may be attached to the same ring as in the case where R 1 and R 2 are respectively aliphatic groups. Alternatively, a single aliphatic group may be attached to each of the different rings as in the case where R 1 and R 3 are respectively aliphatic groups.
  • the aliphatic substituted naphthalene can be manufactured by any conventional method.
  • the aliphatic substituted naphthalenes can be obtained by attaching (or addition reacting) to a naphthalene nucleus compounds selected from the group consisting of halides of alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and olefins having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • a particularly preferred aliphatic substituted naphthalene is MCP-917TM, which is an alkyl naphthalene alkylated with a C 14 group, available from Mobil Chemical.
  • the Alkyl Benzene In another embodiment the alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon can comprise one or more alkyl benzenes.
  • the alkyl groups of the alkyl benzene typically contain a total of 8 to 40 carbon atoms and preferably 12 to 36 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group may be straight chained or branched.
  • Alkyl benzenes are prepared by well-known procedures, one of which is the Friedel-Crafts alkylation utilizing a Lewis acid.
  • the alkylated benzene is present in the lubricant composition in an amount of 0 to 4 percent by weight, in another embodiment 0.5 to 3.5 percent by weight, or 1.0 to 2.5 or to 2.0 percent by weight.
  • the alkyl benzenes desirably have a molecular weight of 100 to 500 and more desirably 200 to 350, and preferably 200 to 300.
  • the alkylbenzenes have a viscosity of 1 to 15 mm 2 /s (cSt) at 40 °C and more desirably 3 to 10 and preferably 3 to 7 mni 2 /s (cSt) at 4O 0 C.
  • at least 50 mole %, more desirably at least 75, and preferably at least 85 mole % of the alkylbenzene is monoalkyl substituted.
  • at least 50 mole %, more desirably at least 75, and preferably at least 85 mole % of the alkyl groups of said alkylbenzene have two or more methyl and/or ethyl branches extending from the alkyl backbone.
  • the alkylbenzenes are reaction products from alkylation reactions, desirably at least 50 or 60 % of the alkyl benzenes, more desirably at least 75 % and preferably at least 85% have 5 to 40, more desirably 7 to 30, and preferably 8 to 16 total carbon atoms in the alkyl groups attached to the benzene.
  • the alkylbenzenes as a class of materials also vary widely including mono and polyalkyl functionalized benzenes of very low viscosity to relatively high viscosity.
  • an olefin copolymer is present, other than the isobutylene copolymer, which is typically an ethylene/propylene copolymer.
  • the ethylene/propylene copolymer is present in an amount of 0.25 to 2.0 percent by weight; in another embodiment 0.5 to 1.25 percent by weight, and 1.0 to 1.20 percent by weight.
  • Ethylene-propylene copolymers can be prepared by copolymerizing ethylene and propylene, generally in a solvent, using known catalysts such as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst or a metallocene catalyst.
  • the ratio of ethylene to propylene in the polymer influences the oil- solubility, oil-thickening ability, low temperature viscosity, pour point depressant capability, and performance of the product.
  • the common range of ethylene content is 40-60% by weight and typically is 45 to 55% by weight.
  • Some commercial OCP's are terpolymers of ethylene, propylene and a small amount of non-conjugated diene such as 1 ,4-hexadiene or ethylidene norbornene (ENB). In the rubber industry, such terpolymers are referred to as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer).
  • Miscellaneous Other materials can be included in the compositions of the present invention, provided that they are not incompatible with the aforementioned required components or specifications.
  • Such optional materials include ' dispersants (sometimes referred to as “ashless dispersants”), which may be included, for instance, in amounts of up to 10 weight percent on an oil free basis.
  • dispersants include carboxylic dispersants, which can be the reaction product of carboxylic acylating agents with nitrogen- or hydroxy- containing compounds, amine dispersants, Mannich dispersants, post-treated dispersants, and polymeric dispersants.
  • antioxidants including hindered phenolic antioxidants, secondary aromatic amine antioxidants, sulfurized phenolic antioxidants, oil-soluble copper compounds, phosphorus-containing antioxidants, organic sulfides, disulfides, and polysulfides.
  • Other optional components include seal swell compositions, such as isodecyl sulfolane, which are designed to keep seals pliable. Also permissible are pour point depressants, such as polymethacrylates, vinyl acetate/fumarate or /maleate copolymers, and styrene/maleate copolymers. These optional materials are known to those skilled in the art, are generally commercially available, and are described in greater detail in published European Patent Application 761,805.
  • hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
  • hydrocarbyl groups include: hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring); substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulfoxy); hetero substituents, that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention
  • Heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
  • substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
  • no more than two, preferably no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group.
  • metal ions of, e.g., a detergent
  • compositions prepared by admixing the components described above may not be susceptible of easy description. Nevertheless, all such modifications and reaction products are included within the scope of the present invention; the present invention encompasses the composition prepared by admixing the components described above.
  • a base formulation is prepared in an API Group 2 hydrotreated base oil, comprising the following additive components, amounts expressed in percent by weight: 7.5% viscosity modifier (including about 28% diluent oil), 0.1% pour point depressant, 3.5% succinimide dispersant(s) (including about 42% diluent oil), 1.14% antioxidant(s), 0.88% detergent(s) (including about 45% diluent oil), 0.6% seal swell agent, 0.3% antiwear agent(s), 0.24% friction modifiers and smaller amounts of other conventional components. To the base formulation is added the components in the amounts indicated in Table 1 found below.
  • Table 1 reports the kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C and the minutes to seizure. Minutes to seizure is determined by the Element on Ring Seizure test, developed by the Lubrizol Corporation.
  • a standard Falex Block-on-Ring Test Apparatus is used.
  • the test fixture consists of a CVT element embedded within a standard test block. The two halves of the block are held together by block anchor bolts.
  • the test configuration consists of the test fixture loaded against the surface of a standard F-25061-V Timken ring. The test is run at a speed of 1200 rpm with 225 pounds of load at 100°C for two hours with the elements being lubricated by the test fluid. The primary measurement of the test is the minutes to seizure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des compositions d'hydrocarbure tels qu'un PIB utilisées comme remplacement de stocks de base partiel dans des fluides de transmission à changement de vitesses continue qui présente des résultats améliorés contre les éraflures et le grippage sur le métal d'interfaces métalliques.
EP05749280A 2004-06-09 2005-05-18 Composition d'hydrocarbures destinee a reduire les eraflures et le grippage du metal sur l'interface metallique de transmissions a changement de vitesses continu Withdrawn EP1753848A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/863,936 US20050277560A1 (en) 2004-06-09 2004-06-09 Hydrocarbon compositions to reduce scuffing and seizure of the metal on metal interface for continuously variable transmissions
PCT/US2005/017258 WO2006001941A1 (fr) 2004-06-09 2005-05-18 Composition d'hydrocarbures destinee a reduire les eraflures et le grippage du metal sur l'interface metallique de transmissions a changement de vitesses continu

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1753848A1 true EP1753848A1 (fr) 2007-02-21

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EP05749280A Withdrawn EP1753848A1 (fr) 2004-06-09 2005-05-18 Composition d'hydrocarbures destinee a reduire les eraflures et le grippage du metal sur l'interface metallique de transmissions a changement de vitesses continu

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20050277560A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1753848A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008502787A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006001941A1 (fr)

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JP5227526B2 (ja) * 2007-03-26 2013-07-03 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 車両用軸受潤滑油
CN103725385B (zh) * 2013-12-27 2015-04-22 华南理工大学 一种全合成无级变速器传动液及其制备方法和应用
KR101816427B1 (ko) * 2016-08-01 2018-01-08 현대자동차주식회사 연비 및 내구향상형 무단변속기오일 조성물

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4594378A (en) * 1985-03-25 1986-06-10 The Lubrizol Corporation Polymeric compositions, oil compositions containing said polymeric compositions, transmission fluids and hydraulic fluids
US4792410A (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-12-20 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricant composition suitable for manual transmission fluids
JP2608098B2 (ja) * 1988-05-13 1997-05-07 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物
JPH0637629B2 (ja) * 1988-10-04 1994-05-18 新日鐵化学株式会社 ギヤ油組成物
ES2051608T3 (es) * 1991-01-11 1994-06-16 Mobil Oil Corp Composiciones lubricantes.
JPH04359997A (ja) * 1991-06-07 1992-12-14 Showa Shell Sekiyu Kk 炭化水素流体組成物
US5759964A (en) * 1994-09-28 1998-06-02 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. High viscosity well treating fluids, additives and methods
AU710294B2 (en) * 1995-09-12 1999-09-16 Lubrizol Corporation, The Lubrication fluids for reduced air entrainment and improved gear protection
ZA97222B (en) * 1996-01-16 1998-02-18 Lubrizol Corp Lubricating compositions.
SG64414A1 (en) * 1996-01-16 1999-04-27 Lubrizol Corp Lubricating compositions
JP4015355B2 (ja) * 2000-09-29 2007-11-28 新日本石油株式会社 潤滑油組成物
US20020151441A1 (en) * 2001-02-14 2002-10-17 Sanjay Srinivasan Automatic transmission fluids with improved anti-shudder properties
CA2443902C (fr) * 2001-04-11 2011-05-31 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubrifiants contenant un copolymere olefinique et un copolymere d'acrylate

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006001941A1 (fr) 2006-01-05
JP2008502787A (ja) 2008-01-31
US20050277560A1 (en) 2005-12-15

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