EP1752572A1 - Method for improving the tear resistance and/or tear propagation of adsorptive filter material and material obtained therefrom - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for improving the crack resistance of a warp knitted product comprises providing the product with a number of stitch wales, a number of stitch rows and binding elements which extend over the rows. An independent claim is also included for an absorption filter material. Preferred Features: The binding elements are formed by smooth, textured and/or reinforced threads made from cotton, polyester and/or polyamide. The warp knitted product is additionally impinged with a spot-like applied adhesive for fixing an adsorbent for adsorbing chemical poison and chemical warfare agents. The adhesive is applied in an amount of less than 100 g/m 2>, especially less than 60 g/m 2>.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for improving or increasing the tensile strength or tear strength of a warp knitted fabric, as can find particular use in adsorption filter materials with protective function against chemical poisoning and / or warfare agents. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of floats (floats) to improve or increase the tear strength or tear strength of such warp knitted fabric. Finally, the present invention relates to an adsorption filter material with protective function against chemical poisoning and / or warfare agents, which is formed on the basis of a warp knitted fabric with improved tear resistance or tear resistance as a carrier material.

There are a number of substances that are absorbed by the skin and cause serious physical injury. As an example, chemical warfare agents, such. B. the blistering Lost (yellow cross) and the nerve agent sarin, mentioned. People who can come into contact with such toxins must wear suitable protective equipment or be protected by suitable protective materials against these toxins.

To protect the body, especially the extremities and the trunk, there are appropriate protective suits. Protective suits against chemical poisons, which are intended for prolonged use under a wide range of conditions, must not lead to heat accumulation in the wearer. Therefore, one mainly uses air-permeable materials. The air-permeable, permeable protective suits generally have an adsorption layer with activated carbon, which binds the chemical poisons very permanently, so that no danger arises even from heavily contaminated suits for the wearer.

Such suits should not hinder the freedom of movement of the user and protect the wearer for a defined time safely against chemical attack. As an adsorptive material, such protective suits often spherical adsorbents such as activated carbon, the area, for example by means of a bond, connected to a serving as a carrier material textile sheet material or are applied thereto. As textile carriers textile fabrics are often used in the protective suit assembly in the prior art.

Another important requirement for such protective suits is the strength of the protective suits or of the textile fabric used as a carrier material. Because damage to the protective suits or the textile fabric used inevitably leads to a point of passage for chemical poison or warfare agents, so that the protective suit even with minor damage can lose its protective power. Therefore, the selection of the textile support material plays an important role with regard to the stability of the protective suits produced therefrom. The textile support material should have a high mechanical stability and, in particular, withstand strong mechanical stress, such as high tearing or tear propagation forces, as is the case, for example military operations occurs.

Protective suits of the prior art, which often have simple textile fabric as a textile carrier material for the adsorbents, these high demands on the mechanical stability, especially with regard to their tear or tear propagation behavior, often do not do justice, so that in the protective suits of Prior art, especially under extreme conditions, for example in the combat mission of the soldier or the carrier, not always an optimal protection against chemical poison or warfare agents is guaranteed because the suit in this strain carry damage, especially tear.

Also against the background that the protective suits must meet the requirements of a long wearing time and a concomitant washability, immediately results in the demand for textile support materials with a high mechanical strength.

In addition to the military use of protective suits, in particular to protect against chemical warfare agents, such as ABCs, protective suits are used in the chemical industry, for example to protect against toxic gases, as in many production processes occur. For this reason, the firefighters or civil protection personnel concerned must be equipped with special protective suits so as not to be endangered during the mission. During any use, the suit will be subjected to extreme physical and mechanical stress at times, which it must withstand without loss of protection, to minimize the risk of contamination.

Against this technical background, the object of the present invention is now to provide an adsorption filter material with protective function against chemical poisoning or warfare agents, which is suitable for the production of protective suits and at least substantially avoids or at least mitigates the disadvantages of the prior art described above ,

In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for improving the tear strength or the tear propagation resistance of warp knitted fabric, which can be used in particular as a textile carrier material in an adsorption filter material having a protective function against chemical poisoning or warfare agents.

The Applicant has now surprisingly found that the mechanical or physical properties, in particular the tear strength or tear strength, used as a textile support material for a Adsorptionsfiltermaterial of the aforementioned type warp knitted fabric, which a variety of wales, a plurality of courses and a plurality of bonding elements can be significantly improved by a part of the binding elements of the warp knitted fabric are formed or arranged so that they each extend over a plurality of wales. In such warp knitted goods or in the adsorption filter materials or protective suits produced therewith, the tear and tear propagation resistance can be significantly increased, for example up to twice, in relation to prior art materials in unexpected ways.

The present invention - according to a first aspect of the present invention - is thus a method for improving the tear strength of a warp knitted fabric, in particular for use in adsorption filter materials with protective function against chemical poisoning and / or warfare agents, wherein the warp knitted fabric with a variety of Wales, a variety of courses and a variety of binding elements is equipped. The method according to the invention is characterized in that a part of the binding elements of the warp-knitted fabric, in particular the floats (floats), is formed or arranged in each case extending over a plurality of machine rods; By means of this special measure according to the invention, the mechanical properties are significantly improved with regard to the tear strength or tear strength of the warp knitted fabric and thus of the adsorption filter material produced therewith.

In the context of the present invention, a "warp knit fabric", which is also synonymously referred to as "warp knit fabric", "warp knit fabric" or "warp knit fabric", is a so-called knit fabric, which consists of at least one, preferably several yarns the so-called warp thread technology is constructed. A characteristic of knitwear is that, in contrast to fabrics which consist of two crossed yarn systems ("warp" and "weft"), they are produced by knitting operations. The central element or binding element of a knit fabric and thus a warp knitted fabric is the stitch: This consists of a mesh head, two mesh legs and two mesh feet. Knitted fabrics and in particular warp knit fabrics are characterized in that they can be stretched both in their length and in their width, in particular up to about 60% of the longitudinal expansion. In this case, knitwear have a constant tendency to take their original position again: the result of this is that knits are cuddly and tend only slightly to wrinkle; In addition, they can follow body movements due to their elasticity, so that they have a high and comfortable fit.

A warp knitted fabric can have many adjacent threads or yarns, which - similar to the tissue - from bottom to top through the Run the entire length of the goods and gobble up laterally to the right and left in a mesh. The type of connection of one or more threads (type of binding) is referred to as "laying".

As far as the production of warp knitwear is concerned, it can be made according to the prior art from at least one thread, yarn or warp thread system. Each individual thread is guided by a perforated needle, which is located in a guide rail. The perforated needles of the laying bars or guide bars place the threads or warp threads around so-called tongue, point or slider needles. After threading stitches are formed by the assignment of the so-called needle bar on all needles together, so that a row of stitches. Subsequently, the guide rail or the guide bar is laterally offset by one or more needles. Then the threads are wrapped around the needles again, and another course is formed. The offset movement of the guide bar or the laying bar determine the type of laying or thread laying. The production of warp knitwear is well known to those skilled in the art, so that further details in this respect need not be discussed.

Due to the different formation of the threading can thus result in numerous types of binding warp knitted goods. These are then called "mesh binding" if they are made up of only the binding element "stitch". These meshes or stitchbonded bindings can be combined with each other and with other binding elements, such as weft, filament yarn, handles and floats (the latter also being referred to as "floats"), as a result of which the warp knitted fabrics each have specific and specific properties can be. Among the foundations of warp knitwear include fringe, jersey, cloth, satin, velvet and satin.

1 schematically illustrates the structure of a warp knitted fabric consisting of a multiplicity of stitches arranged in wales and courses, as may be used in the context of the present invention: the straight line running in the (1-1) direction constitutes a so-called "wedge" while the horizontal in (2-2) direction extending straight represents a so-called "mesh" of warp knitted fabric. In other words, the stitches of the warp knitted fabric, which are to some extent laterally juxtaposed, form a course of stitches, while the stitches arranged below or above one another form a wale. The courses and wales are thus arranged perpendicular to each other. Due to the flat design of warp knitted fabric this includes a variety of courses and wales.

As far as the term "binding element" used according to the invention is concerned, this term refers to a specific arrangement or formation of the thread in the warp knitted fabric caused by a specific laying. The term "binding element" includes, for example, the binding elements weft, vertical thread, handle and float (floating).

As regards the term "tear strength" or "tear propagation resistance", this refers in particular to the tear propagation behavior of a warp knitted fabric, in particular incisions, tears, indentations or the like in a warp knitted fabric, such as, for example, due to excessive mechanical stress, for example when wearing protective suits , may occur. The higher the tear strength, the greater the force which must be applied to cause further tearing of the cut, tear or the like.

As far as the term "stretching" used in the invention is concerned, it refers to a part or section of the binding element or to a binding element as such of the warp knitted fabric which, as it were, has no fixed binding over a plurality of wales or over at least one Wales runs. In other words, the part of the binding element, i. H. the corresponding thread section, thread or the binding element as such, in the extension area no firm connection with the corresponding wale, so that at this point, as it were, a free course on the corresponding wale is present.

It can be inventively provided that extending over a plurality of wales extending part of the binding elements on both sides in the widening area which is to some extent adjacent to the widening area is incorporated or fixed again, for example by forming a loop or the like. The adjacent wales represent, so to speak, the starting point or end point of the binding element extending over a plurality of wales. In other words, for example, in the event that the binding element extends over two wales, a total of four wales of the warp knitted fabric will form one involved via the wales extending binding element: For the adjacent wale is also involved as the starting or end point in the formation of the binding element.

This principle is illustrated in Fig. 2, according to which the marked with the reference numeral 1 part of the binding element, which extends in the present case over three wales, is bounded on both sides by a wale, in which the thread of the previously freely extending binding element again each one Mesh forms.

As far as the method according to the invention is concerned, the tensile strength or the tear propagation resistance of the warp knitted fabric is improved by the binding elements extending over a plurality of wales, in particular at least substantially in the direction of the wales or at least substantially in the transverse direction of the courses. In other words, the warp knitted fabric produced by the process according to the invention has in particular an increased tear strength or tear strength along the wales, d. H. when a tear or tear propagation force acts at least substantially parallel to the wales.

The inventive method thus leads to a warp knitted fabric, in which the respectively extending over a plurality of wales binding elements are pushed together or bundled when the warp knitted fabric is subjected to a tear or tear propagation or a tear and tear propagation force acts on the warp knitted fabric, This effect is clearly referred to as the so-called "cable effect".

Because the Applicant has found in a completely surprising way that the tear or tear strength of a Warp knit fabric is significantly increased when a part of the binding elements, in particular floats (floats), each extending over a plurality of wales in the above sense. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the Applicant has found that the significant increase in tearing force is due to the previously described "cable effect" with the yarns extending over a plurality of wales , so to speak freely extending binding elements under the action of a tear or tear propagation force, z. B. under tensile load, merge or move in the tear triangle to a thread or yarn bundle. This resulting cable effect is decidedly against tearing and causes the significant improvement in tear or tear propagation resistance, since a yarn or bundle of fibers arises, which can better withstand a tensile strength.

According to the invention, the binding elements which each extend over a plurality of wales may in particular be floats, which are also known as floats, handles and / or shots. According to the invention, the binding elements which extend over a plurality of wales are preferably floats.

According to the invention, the binding element "Henkel" represents a loop of thread which, together with a loop of stitches, can be cut off from the needle during production and can be tied and held by the mesh feet on the new loop of stitches. In this case, the handle according to the invention equally, starting from the loop loop, where the thread is knocked off the needle, to the new loop, at which the thread is tied and held, each with a plurality of wales in the above sense - d , H. without firm binding - extend.

The term "weft" is to be understood according to the invention as a thread segment which is at least substantially transverse to the wales, ie parallel to the courses or perpendicular to the wales, is inserted into the goods and can be held by other binding elements. It may be a "bullet", which extends over the entire width of the warp knitted fabric, or a "partial shot" act, which does not detect the warp knitted fabric over the entire width. In this case, the shot in the context of the present invention may be designed such that it has thread portions, which in each case extend over a plurality of wales in the aforementioned sense - ie without a firm bond with the wales.

According to the invention, the binding elements which extend over a plurality of wales are, as already mentioned, floats or floats. This is understood according to the invention as meaning a limited thread or a limited thread length of the thread section, which extends in the warp knitted fabric over at least one wale in the sense of the present invention and can also extend over courses. According to the floats can be limited within the Warp knitted fabric by stitches, handles or shots.

Such floats as used in the method according to the invention are illustrated by way of example and by way of illustration in FIGS. 3A and 3B: FIG. 3A shows a laying pattern in which the thread is laid to obtain a floats. The rows of points represent the rows of needles or needles of the automatic warp knitting machine used for the production, for example. The path of a perforated needle, which is guided around the needle during the stitch formation process, can be represented by the solid line. The numerals 0 to 5 below the rows of dots indicate the marking of needle gaps positioned between the needles. The numbers located on the left side of FIG. 3A indicate the course of the piercing needle along the needle tracks. 3B shows the resulting stitch pattern: FIG. 3B illustrates the principle of the floats preferably used according to the invention for increasing the tear and tear propagation resistance of a warp knitted fabric. According to one embodiment of the invention, according to an embodiment of the invention, according to the embodiment of the invention, the floats extend over three wales as well as over one course, ie in total there are five wales in relation to the uppermost course and the lowest complete course in FIG involved in such a floatation. With respect to the second course from above, the floats according to a further embodiment of the invention extend only over two wales, also here is an offset of a row of stitches; this is according to the invention, however, purely optional. Due to the only optional offset with respect to the rows of stitches according to the invention, such floats can be used, which run as it were obliquely or diagonally on the warp knitted fabric. 3B likewise illustrates the principle according to the invention, according to which, when a tear or tear propagation force occurs, the binding elements or floats running over the wales can be bundled in accordance with the previously described cable effect, since they are not connected to the mesh or wales and thus lead to a stabilization of warp knitted fabric. The stabilization effect, ie the increase in tear or tear propagation force, is the greater, the more wales are "bridged" by the binding element or by the floats.

Thus, it is preferred according to the invention that the binding elements, in particular floats, extending in each case over a plurality of wales, are formed or arranged to extend over at least two, in particular at least three, preferably at least four or more wales. Because with an increasing number of wales, over which extend the binding elements or floats, takes - as described above - the tearing or tear propagation force significantly, and the warp knit fabric is increasingly stabilized. According to the invention, it may even be provided that the said bonds or floats extend over up to five wales of the warp knitted fabric.

Likewise, it can be provided according to the invention that the binding elements or floats each extending over a plurality of wales are formed or arranged to extend over at least one row of stitches, as shown in FIG. 3B. According to the invention, however, an arrangement of the floats with respect to the wales, which is at least substantially parallel in the projection plane of the warp knitted fabric, is preferred or an at least substantially vertical arrangement to the courses.

The binding elements each extending over a plurality of wales, in particular floats, can be delimited by other binding elements, for example meshes, handles, shots, standing threads and the like. Preferably, however, the said binding elements or floats are bounded laterally by meshes, preferably on both sides, as shown in FIG. 3B. The binding elements which extend over a plurality of wales, in particular floats, bounding binding elements, to some extent constitute the starting and ending point of these free binding elements, in particular floats.

In other words, it can be inventively provided that each of a plurality of wales extending binding elements, in particular floats, by a free or continuous or over the surface of warp knit fabric without binding extending thread or thread section or thread section are formed. According to the invention, the thread section, which is also synonymously referred to as the thread section or partial section of the thread, is the part of the thread which, so to speak, floats freely over the warp knitted fabric. The part of the thread not forming the free thread section can then be connected to the warp knitted fabric in the warp knitted fabric, for example by means of further binding elements, in particular as described above.

According to the invention, it may be provided that the thread, which forms the binding elements, in particular floats, each extending over a plurality of wales, is to some extent an integral part of the warp knitted fabric, for example by forming stitches of warp knitted fabric, in particular as described above. In addition, it can also be provided that the thread is introduced into the warp knit as it were, as an independent or autonomous thread, for example in the manner of a weft.

As regards the binding elements, in particular floats, extending in each case over a plurality of wales, according to the invention they can be formed from the same material as the remaining warp knitted fabric. Equally, however, it is also possible for the said binding elements, in particular floats, to be formed from a material which is different from the material of the remaining warp knitted fabric. For example, the binding elements each extending over a plurality of wales, in particular floats, can consist of or comprise cotton, polyester, polyamide or mixtures thereof. In this case, the threads may be smooth or textured, wherein the texturing can be done by means of the skilled person as such common chemical or physical methods.

The tearing or tear propagation resistance of the warp knitted fabric produced by the process according to the invention can be further improved or increased by additional measures, for example by using special threads to form the respective binding elements or floats extending over a plurality of wales; For example, threads with a titre of 20 to 160 dtex, in particular 40 to 140 dtex, preferably 60 to 120 dtex, preferably 80 to 100 dtex, can be used in the context of the present invention. Furthermore, threads with high Gamfestigkeit, in particular high elongation at break, can be used. Furthermore, threads with high elasticity can be used. The applicant has surprisingly found that the tear or tear propagation behavior of a warp knitted fabric can also be influenced by other factors or characteristics of the textile fabric or warp knitted fabric. Thus, for example, the construction of warp knitted fabric affects the tear resistance, but also the equipment of warp knitted fabric as such and the yarn construction change the tear propagation resistance. A larger thread count or a finer yarn reduce the tear propagation resistance. Even the yarn type (spun yarn, for example) and the size of the yarn twist can change the tear propagation behavior.

As far as the warp knitted fabric as such is concerned, according to the invention it can be any warp knitted fabric. In accordance with the invention, the warp knitted fabric preferably has a stitch pattern of the type in a non-limiting manner modified fringe, jersey, cloth, satin, velvet or their combinations. As combinations, for example, a fringe with float or shot or an atlas or Charmeuse warp knitted fabric can be used.

In general, many specific bindings of the warp knitting, which are also known as stitch bonds, result from specific threading because they are composed only of the binding element "stitch". These stitches can be combined with each other and with other binding elements (eg weft, filament, handle, float).

A "fringe" is understood to mean warp knit warp knit fabric, the wales having no lateral connections. The lateral connections can be made with a fringe by shots, floats and the like. Only by combining the wales with other binding elements creates a textile fabric. A so-called "jersey" warp knitted fabric is obtained according to the invention when so-called underlaying of the fringe lapping is prolonged by a needle pitch. In other words, adjacent wales are connected to each other in a zigzag manner. The tricot warp knit fabric is stretchable in length and width due to its short lay and open structure. As for the "cloth" warp knit fabric, each stitch forming warp thread skips a wale or extends over a wale. In the so-called "satin" warp knit fabric part of the binding elements extends over two wales. These binding properties give the "satin" configuration a high transverse strength. As for the "velvet" warp knit fabric, it is constructed such that a part of the weave elements extends over three wales.

The above-mentioned examples of warp knit fabrics which can be used according to the invention are purely exemplary and not restrictive. Because according to the invention, a large variety of warp knit goods can be used, which are suitable for the formation of binding elements, each extending over a plurality of wales in the context of the present invention, for example in the manner of floats. This also counts the so-called "fringe / satin" arrangement, which has a stable structure in the longitudinal and transverse direction through a combination of fringe and satin.

According to the invention, the warp knitted fabric can be a warp knitted fabric based on open and / or closed loops. For example, RIGHT / LEFT (RL), RIGHT / RIGHT (RR), or LEFT / LEFT (LL) knitwear may be used as the warp knit fabric. In this case, an RL-knitted fabric characterized by the fact that it has only left-hand on one side and only right-hand on the other side. A left mesh side is characterized in that at the lower binding sites, the mesh feet are above and the mesh legs are below the mesh of the previous mesh. In contrast, a right-hand stitched side is characterized in that at the lower binding sites the mesh feet are below and the mesh legs are above the mesh head of the preceding stitch. An RR mesh shows right sides of the mesh on both sides of the fabric, while the LL knits on both sides of the fabric mainly have left sides.

As regards warp knitted fabric, it may have a basis weight of 25 to 500 g / m ² , in particular 50 to 300 g / m ² , preferably 75 to 200 g / m ² . The skilled person is always able to adapt the corresponding basis weights to the respective requirements.

With the aid of the method according to the invention, the tear strength or tear propagation resistance of the warp knitted fabric is significantly increased. Thus, the tear strength or tear propagation resistance of a warp knitted fabric produced by the process according to the invention, in which a part of the binding elements, in particular floats, each extends over two wales, for example, compared to a Warp knitted fabric, in which the binding elements each extend over at most one wale , at least by a factor of 1.1, in particular by at least a factor of 1.3, preferably increased by at least a factor of 1.5. Furthermore, according to the method according to the invention, the tensile strength or tear propagation resistance of a warp knitted fabric produced by the process according to the invention, in which a part of the binding elements, in particular floats, respectively over three, for example Weaves extend - compared to a Warp knitted fabric, in which the binding elements are each formed or arranged over at most one wale - at least a factor of 1.6, in particular at least a factor of 1.8, preferably at least by a factor from 2.0, increased.

To form an adsorption filter material, in particular for acting on the warp knitted fabric with an adsorbent, the warp knit fabric can additionally be acted upon by an adhesive which is in particular discontinuously, preferably in a punctiform manner, in particular for the purpose of attaching an adsorbent to chemical poisoning and / or warfare agents. The amount of adhesive applied should be less than 100 g / m ² , in particular less than 80 g / m ² , preferably less than 70 g / m ² , preferably less than 60 g / m ² . It should generally be between 10 g / m ² and 100 g / m ² , in particular between 20 and 80 g / m ² , more preferably the amount of adhesive applied is about 50 g / m ² . For example, the adhesive may be applied in a particularly regular pattern, for example 25 mesh (113 dots / cm ² ) to 40 mesh (289 dots / cm ² ) dot density. It can, for example, thickened plastic dispersions, hot melt adhesives or reactive adhesives, such as in particular polyurethane-based one- and two-component systems, for. Example, masked prepolymer diisocyanates which crosslink via di- or polyfunctional amines or alcohols are used. According to the invention can be used for. B. such adhesives which are breathable in the cured state, for. B. polyurethane-based adhesives. The adhesive can be applied for example by means of rotary printing on the textile carrier. The adhesive should preferably be applied so that the binding elements extending over the wales are not significantly affected in their ability to float freely and collapse under tensile stress.

In order to form an adsorption filter material according to the invention, it may also be provided that the warp knitted fabric is additionally acted upon by an adsorbent which adsorbs chemical poisoning agents and / or warfare agents, in particular a material based on activated carbon. In this case, the adsorbent with a particular discontinuous, preferably punctiform applied adhesive, in particular as described above, are fixed to the warp knit.

For efficient adsorption performance, preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, of the textile fabric is exposed to the adsorbent adsorbing poison or warfare agent, in particular the activated carbon. At least 50%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, of the adsorbing or adsorbing adsorbent should be freely accessible to the adsorbing poisonous or warfare agents, ie. H. not be completely pressed into the adhesive.

As regards the activated carbon preferably used as adsorbent adsorbent poison or warfare agent, this may for example consist of discrete activated carbon particles, preferably in granular form ("granular carbon") or spherical form ("spherical carbon"). In this case, the average diameter of the activated carbon particles is in particular less than 1.0 mm, preferably less than 0.8 mm, preferably less than 0.6 mm, but generally at least 0.1 mm. According to this embodiment, the activated carbon particles are advantageously in an amount of 5 to 500 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 400 g / m ² , preferably 20 to 300 g / m ² , preferably 25 to 250 g / m ² , particularly preferably 50 to 150 g / m ² , most preferably 50 to 100 g / m ² , applied to the warp knit (load). Suitable activated carbon particles in particular have an internal surface area (BET) of at least 800 m ² / g, in particular of at least 900 m ² / g, preferably of at least 1000 m ² / g, preferably in the range of 800 to 2500 m ² / g. Grain, especially ball carbon, has the distinct advantage that it is extremely abrasion resistant and very hard, which is of great importance in terms of wear properties. Preferably, the bursting pressure for a single particle of activated carbon, especially activated charcoal granules, is at least 5 Newtons, more preferably at least 10 Newtons, and can reach up to 20 Newtons.

According to an alternative embodiment, the warp knitted fabric may be provided or acted upon by activated carbon fibers, in particular in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet. Such activated carbon sheets can For example, have a basis weight of 100 to 300 g / m ² , in particular 20 to 200 g / m ² , preferably 30 to 150 g / m ² . The activated carbon fiber sheet may, for example, be an active carbon fiber fabric, knit, fabric or composite, in particular based on a carbonized and activated cellulose or a carbonized and activated acrylonitrile. In this case, the activated carbon fiber sheet can be designed such that it leads to an additional increase in the tear or tear strength of warp knitted fabric. It can be provided that, for example, in particular the tear or tear propagation resistance in the longitudinal direction of the courses is stabilized.

To increase the adsorption efficiency or adsorption capacity, it is possible to provide or to impregnate the adsorbent, in particular the activated carbon, with at least one catalyst in a manner known to the person skilled in the art. Suitable catalysts according to the invention are, for example, enzymes and / or metals, preferably copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, zinc and / or mercury, in particular their ions and / or salts. The amount of catalyst can vary widely; In general, it is 0.05 to 12 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 2 to 8 wt .-%, based on the weight of the adsorbent. The additional use of a catalyst leads to a discharge activated carbon.

According to the invention it can also be provided that the adsorbent adsorbent chemical or poisonous substances, in particular the material based on activated carbon, on the side facing away from the warp knit fabric with an air-permeable textile material, in particular a fabric in the form of a nonwoven, preferably a random mat is acted upon or covered as a cover layer. In this case, the nonwoven, preferably the random web, be oriented in the direction of the wales of Warp knit fabric, so that the tear strength or tear strength of warp knitted fabric is particularly improved at least substantially in the direction of the courses and / or at least substantially in the transverse direction of the wales additionally. The orientation of the fleece in the direction of the wales therefore leads to a further improvement of the tear strength and to some extent complements the measures mentioned above resulting increase in the tear or tear propagation force in the longitudinal direction of the wales. Due to this synergistic mode of action between oriented nonwoven on the one hand and warp knitted fabric produced by means of the method according to the invention on the other hand, an extraordinarily high tear and tear propagation resistance of the adsorption filter material according to the invention is thus achieved overall.

Due to the action on the warp knitted fabric with an adsorbent and moreover with a cover fabric, in particular a nonwoven, thus resulting in a sense a sandwich structure or a compound which is to some extent referred to as Adsorptionsfiltermaterial and which can be further processed for example to protective suits.

Fig. 4 illustrates the structure of the adsorption filter material 1 according to the invention, which is preferably formed as a composite 2. According to this embodiment, the warp knit fabric 3 is additionally acted upon with a discontinuous, preferably punctiform applied adhesive 5, are applied to the activated carbon particles 4 in spherical form. Furthermore, the adsorption filter material 1 according to the invention has on the side facing away from the warp knitted fabric side of the absorber 4, an air-permeable textile material 6 as a cover layer, which may be, for example, a non-woven.

With respect to the air-permeable textile material, which serves as cover material for the adsorbent, in addition to nonwovens, it is also possible to use fabrics, knitted fabrics, knits, fabrics, nonwovens or other nonwovens. In this case, the air-permeable textile material which is used as a cover layer, compared to the warp knitted fabric lower basis weight, for example from 5 to 75 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 50 g / m ² , preferably 15 to 30 g / m ² , have ,

More particularly, the present invention relates to a previously described method for improving the tear strength of a warp knitted fabric, in particular for use in adsorbent filter materials having chemical poisonous protective properties, wherein the warp knitted fabric is provided with a plurality of wales, a plurality of wales a number of binding elements is formed as floats and at least a part of these floats is formed or arranged such that the floats each over a plurality of wales, in particular at least two wales, extend.

Another object of the present invention, according to a second aspect of the present invention, is the use of floats to improve the tear strength of warp knit fabrics comprising a plurality of wales and a plurality of courses, particularly for use in protective function adsorbent filter materials against chemical poison or warfare agents. The use of the floats according to the invention is characterized in that at least a part of the floats is formed and / or arranged in each case extending over at least a plurality of, in particular via at least two wales. With regard to further details and explanations concerning the use according to the invention, reference may be made to the above statements regarding the method according to the invention, which apply correspondingly in this regard.

Finally, another object of the present invention - according to a third aspect of the present invention - an adsorption filter material with protective function against chemical poisoning and / or warfare agents, in particular ABC-fighting agents, wherein the adsorption filter material comprises a flat, in particular two-dimensional, textile carrier material, said textile carrier material with a chemical poison or warfare agents, in particular ABC-agents, adsorbent adsorbent, in particular based on activated carbon, is acted upon. A special feature of the adsorption filter according to the invention is to be seen in that the textile substrate is formed as a warp knitted fabric and that the warp knitted fabric has a plurality of wales, a plurality of courses and a plurality of bonding elements to improve the tear strength or tear propagation resistance.

It can be inventively provided that a part of the binding elements is formed or arranged extending over a plurality of wales, so that the tensile strength or tear strength of warp knitted fabric is improved, in particular at least substantially in the direction of the wales or at least essential in the transverse direction of the courses. In particular, at a tensile stress of the warp knitted fabric or at an action of a tensile force extending over a plurality of wales extending bonding elements, especially floats, pushed together or bundled, so that this results in a far-reaching stabilization due to the previously described "cable effect".

According to a preferred embodiment according to the invention, the binding elements each extending over a plurality of wales are floats or floats, handles and / or shots. According to the invention, these are preferably floats.

According to the invention, it is preferred that the binding elements extending in each case over a plurality of wales, in particular floats, extend over at least two, in particular at least three, preferably at least four or more wales. For example, the said binding elements can also extend over five wales.

For further details and embodiments with regard to the adsorption filter material according to the invention, reference may be made to the above statements regarding the method according to the invention, which apply correspondingly in this regard.

As far as the air permeability of the adsorption filter material according to the invention is concerned, it should - measured to DIN 53887 - more than 200 l / m ² per second, preferably more than 300 l / m ² per second, preferably more than 400 l / m ² per second, especially preferably more than 600 l / m ² per second, very particularly preferably more than 800 l / m ² per second. A high air permeability is particularly advantageous insofar as this ensures a high wearing comfort.

The water vapor permeability of the adsorption filter material according to the invention also leads to a high wearing comfort. To ensure a high level of comfort, the adsorption filter material according to the invention at 25 ° C, a water vapor permeability of at least 15 l / m ² per 24 h, in particular 20 l / m ² per 24 h, preferably at least 25 l / m ² per 24 h, more preferably at least 30 l / m ² per 24 h or even more (measured according to the "inverted cup method" according to ASTM E 96 and at 25 ° C.) (For further details on the measurement of water vapor permeability [Water Vapor Transmission, WVT], see also McCullough et al. "A comparison of standard methods for measuring water vapor permeability of fabrics" in Meas. Sci. Technol. [Measurements Science and Technology] 14, 1402-1408, August 2003 ). This ensures a particularly high wearing comfort, as body sweat can be effectively removed.

To ensure a high level of wearing comfort, the adsorption filter material according to the invention can also have a water vapor transmission resistance R _t under steady conditions - measured according to DIN EN 31 092: 1993 of February 1994 ("Textiles - physiological effects, measurement of heat and water vapor transmission resistance under steady state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate or equivalent international standard ISO 11 092 - at 35 ° C of not more than 20 (m ² · Pascal) / watt, in particular not more than 15 (m ² · Pascal) / watt, preferably not more than 10 (m ² · Pascal ) / Watt, more preferably at most 5 (m ² · Pascal) / watt.

Due to the specific design of the adsorption filter material according to the invention is thus at the same time high wearing comfort excellent protection against toxic and pollutants allows, as the adsorption filter according to the invention in particular prevents the passage of gaseous toxins or pollutants or at least delayed. In addition, the mechanical stability, in particular the tear and tear resistance, is significantly improved.

So is - in particular to achieve a good protective effect against toxins and / or pollutants with high water vapor and air permeability the barrier effect of the adsorption filter material according to the invention against chemical warfare agents, in particular bis [2-chloroethyl] sulfide (also known as mustard gas, lost or yellow cross), measured according to CRDEC-SP-84010, Method 2.2, at most 4 μg / cm ² per 24 h, in particular at most 3.5 μg / cm ² per 24 h, preferably at most 3.0 μg / cm ² per 24 h, particularly preferably at most 2.5 μg / cm ² per 24 h. As a result, an extraordinarily high protection against poison or warfare agents can be achieved.

The adsorption filter material according to the invention also has the great advantage that it has an extraordinarily high tear and tear propagation resistance and is thus particularly suitable for use, for example, for protective suits and the like, especially in military use, since there are high stresses, in particular mechanical Can withstand loads to a high degree. In addition, the adsorption material according to the invention may be formed as an air-permeable material, so that - at the same time high protection against chemical poisoning or warfare agents and excellent mechanical stability - a high level of comfort can be achieved, which is a significant advantage especially in military use under extreme physical stress represents.

Further advantages, embodiments, modifications, variations and features of the present invention will be readily apparent to and understood by those skilled in the art upon reading the description, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention.

The advantages of the process according to the invention, the use according to the invention and the adsorption material according to the invention can be illustrated by means of the following exemplary embodiments.

EXAMPLES

The advantages of the present invention, in particular the significant improvement in the tear propagation resistance, are illustrated by so-called tear propagation tests, rupture tests or bursting tests. Tearing tests are used to assess the tear propagation behavior of cuts, z. As in the packaging, carried out in a textile area. They are of specific importance especially in technical textiles, but also in the use of clothing. In the tear propagation test, the resistance of the incision against tearing is determined at an axial tensile stress at the incision edges.

In general, an adsorption filter material or a Warp knit fabric must pass through various tests before it is released for the confection. An identical simulation of later loads is very important in order to obtain meaningful test results. The properties, in particular the high tear propagation resistance, of the present invention are determined by means of various experimental methods. The following briefly outlines these procedures:

Determination of tearing strength with the simple thigh extension test in accordance with DIN EN ISO 13937-2: 2000

The thigh extension test is primarily applied to tissues. However, it can also be carried out in other single- or multi-ply textile fabrics in which the incision continues almost thread-straight in the direction of force, as is the case with the warp knitted fabric or the adsorption filter material according to the invention.

A rectangular sample (sample) is cut in the middle of a narrow edge so that two legs arise. The legs are clamped in jaws of a tractor with a constant rate of deformation and a recording device so that the incision edges of both legs form a straight line. They are pulled apart in the direction of the incision so that the test sample continues to tear. The force for crack propagation over a particular tear path is recorded. The tear propagation force is determined from the force peak values of the recorded diagram or with computer assistance. To obtain statistically sound values, two sets of test samples are made from each sample (Specimens) taken, one set in the direction of the wale (synonymously also referred to as "warp" or "warp") and the other in the direction of the courses (synonymously also referred to as "weft direction" or "shot"). The values given in Table 2 represent the average values of the respectively determined tear propagation force values of the individual test samples. The tear propagation force is given in Newton, separated according to "warp direction" and "weft direction".

For the results obtained, the following applies: If the "warp threads" or the threads of the wales are torn, this is referred to as the tearing force "across the warp" or "across the wales", Accordingly, when the "wefts" or the threads of the courses are torn, the term "across the weft" or "used crosswise to the courses".

Determination of tearing force with the ballistic pendulum (Elmendorf) according to DIN EN ISO 13937-1: 2000

The process was initially developed specifically for testing the embrittlement of highly refined cotton products. In contrast to tear propagation methods, this method does not determine the tear propagation force, but the dynamic load required for the tearing of a fabric at a previously applied incision as a tearing force.

The force required to spread an incision previously made in the fabric is determined by measuring the work of tearing the fabric over a given tear propagation path. The test device consists of a pendulum, to which a clamp is attached, which lies in the same plane as a second, fixed clamp, when the pendulum is in the raised starting position with the highest potential energy. A test sample is clamped between the two grips and cut. The lifted pendulum will be released and the test sample will be ruptured as the moveable clamp is removed from the fixed one. The tear propagation force is measured.

More specifically, the method is performed as follows: Sampling is accomplished as previously described. The samples to be tested must not show wrinkles, creases, selvages or areas that are not are representative of the fabric. To carry out the experiment, a fall pendulum device is used. The fall pendulum device comprises a sturdy frame, the pendulum, a mechanical or electronic indicator for the largest pendulum swing at the first oscillation, the gripping clamp, which is movable and part of the pendulum, and the fixed gripping clamp, which is part of the frame, as well as a sharp one Knife to create a groove with a depth of (20 ± 0.5) mm in the center of the test between the two clamps. Finally, the device comprises a device for cutting out the test samples, such as a punching device or a template. From each sample of warp knitting fabric or absorbent material, two sets of test pieces are taken, one set in the "warp direction" and in the direction of the wales and the other in the "weft direction" and in the course of the courses, respectively. The short side of the test sample is placed exactly parallel to the "warp direction" or "weft direction" or parallel to the direction of the wales or courses so that the tear runs up to the notch opposite the cut. The test samples shall be taken at a distance of at least 150 mm from the edge of the sheet. The test sample is held between the two clamps The movable clamp is attached to the pendulum, which can fall freely. The test sample must be able to be torn further without rubbing against the pendulum. The experiments are carried out by first selecting the pendulum mass in such a way that the readings measured lie between 15 and 85% of the respective measuring range. The zero position of the shuttle must be checked. The pendulum is raised to the starting position. The test sample is inserted into the jaws so that their longitudinal edge is parallel to the upper edge of the terminal. The clamping takes place in the middle; The lower edge of the sample is carefully aligned with the lower edge of the terminal. The test sample is cut with the knife on the side opposite to the notch with a depth of (20 ± 0.5) mm such that a tear propagation of (43 ± 0.5) mm remains. The pendulum is triggered by depressing a pendulum lock. During the return oscillation, the pendulum should be stopped so that the pointer position is not changed. The tear propagation force in Newton is read at the measuring device on the next graduation scale or on the digital display. It must be checked whether the result is actually between 15 and 85% of the applied measuring range. The Testing is repeated on several samples for each direction. It can be observed whether the incision continues to tear in the direction of force and tear the threads, instead of being pulled out of the textile fabric. The measurement is valid if a) no threads are pulled out of the fabric and b) no slippage occurs in the clamps and c) the test sample is torn and torn in the area of the 15 mm wide notch. Other results are to be discarded.

With the ballistic pendulum, the break-through work is measured directly. In general, the tearing force is preferably given, which is usually read directly in Newton.

Pneumatic method for the determination of bursting pressure and bursting curvature according to DIN EN ISO 13938-2: 1999

In addition to parachute fabric, there are many other fabrics, especially for use in industrial areas, which should be tested in a practical and appropriate manner only after the buckling or bursting principle. The fact that the bursting test for knitted fabrics and knits is used almost exclusively for their strengths is due to the failure of many other test methods.

The principle of the pneumatic method for determining the bursting strength is that a test sample (specimen) is clamped on a stretchable membrane with a circular clamping ring. On the side facing away from the sample piece, a steadily increasing air pressure is exerted, which leads to a bulging of the membrane and the textile fabric. The pressure is increased evenly until the sample bursts. The bursting pressure and the bursting curvature are determined.

More specifically, the method is performed by first adjusting the specimen in the relaxed condition to the normal condition prior to testing. The device is set to a test area of 50 cm ² . The control valve of the tester is adjusted so that the mean bursting time is within (20 ± 5) seconds. The bursting time is to be understood as the time difference between the beginning of the bulging and the bursting of the test piece. The test sample is placed on the membrane smoothly, without pretensioning and without warping. It is safe to clamp in the circular holding device to prevent slippage during the test, wherein Damage during clamping is to be avoided. A camber measuring device is brought into the measuring position and set to zero. A safety cover is attached according to the device requirements. Pressure is applied to the test sample until the textile fabric bursts. The bursting pressure and the bursting height are registered. Bursting of the test sample close to the edge of the jig must be recorded; Clamp breaks that are within 2 mm of the clamping line must be discarded. The test is repeated several times at different points of the textile fabric.

To carry out a diaphragm correction, the membrane with no measuring sample is swelled by an amount equal to the mean bursting height of the test sample with the same test surface and position of the control valve as in the above investigations. The pressure at this membrane curvature should be noted as "membrane pressure".

For calculating and indicating the results, the arithmetic mean of the bursting pressure in kPa is calculated. From this, the membrane pressure is subtracted in kPa. The result is the bursting pressure.

Results:

The following tear strength results were made for various test samples using the methods previously described. In the test series shown in Tables 1 and 2 below, the influence of the construction on the tear propagation resistance is to be determined. For this purpose, the simple thigh extension test, the ballistic pendulum (Elmendorf) and the pneumatic method for the determination of bursting pressure and bursting curvature are applied to four polyester warp knit fabrics, which differ in terms of their construction. The weight differences arise due to the different constructions.

The tested specimens comprise a textile (carrier) material based on a polyester chain knitted fabric. They differ in the construction by the length of the "weft laying" or the training or length of those binding elements, each extending over a plurality of wales. Thus, therefore, the number of wales, over which the binding elements extend, in the respective Probenstükken Ia, Ib, II and III (Table 1). The different formation of this "weft laying" is caused by the setting of the jig 2 in the production of warp knitted fabric (test pieces I: 10/23 = very short laying (extension over a wale, "cloth"); test pieces II: 10/34 = longer Laying (extension over two wales, "satin"), specimens III: 10/45 = long laying (extension over three wales, "velvet")). Sample pieces Ia and Ib ("cloth") differ only by the weight per unit area.

Table 1 specifies the samples tested - namely the warp knitwear used as such (specimens A, raw material), warp knit fabric with specific application of an adhesive and loading with activated carbon (specimen B: semi-finished product) and warp knit fabric with adhesive, activated carbon and additional application of a nonwoven fabric ( Sample pieces C: finished product). <u> Table 1: </ u> items Ia ib II III kind Knitted or warp knitted fabric (cloth) Knitted or warp knitted fabric (cloth) Knitted or warp knitted fabric (satin) Knitted or warp knitted fabric (velvet) Weight [g / m ² ] about 59 about 53 ca.61 about 64 Yarn 1 [dtex] 33 smooth 33 smooth 33 smooth 33 smooth Yarn 2 [dtex] 35 textured 35 textured 35 textured 35 textured Guide bar 1 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 Guide bar 2 10/23 10/23 10/34 10/45 Sample pieces A: raw material [g / m ² ] 59 53 61 64 Adhesive application approx. [G / m ² ] 20 20 20 20 Charging with activated charcoal approx. [G / m ² ] 63 63 63 63 Sample pieces B: semi-finished goods approx. [G / m ² ] 141 137 149 157 Sample pieces C: finished product approx. [G / m ² ] 186 183 190 192

Table 2 shows the results with respect to the tear and tear propagation behavior of the specimens determined by the methods described above. It can be clearly seen that with respect to the raw material (specimens A) and the finished product (specimens C) the tear or tear propagation resistance, especially in the direction of the wales ("across the weft"), ie along the wales or transverse to the weft direction, is significantly increased. But even for the semi-finished product (samples C), such an effect can be observed. With respect to the finished product is also a significant increase in the tear or tear resistance in the direction of the courses ("across the chain"), ie along the course or transverse to the "warp direction" to observe, indicating the additional stabilization indicates the finished product by the applied fleece. <u> Table 2: </ u> Thigh tear test ballistic pendulum (Elmendorf) Burst pressure Chain [N] Shot [N] Chain [N] Shot [N] Pressure [kPa] Raw material A Ia 5.55 6.26 4.38 4.48 190.11 ib 5.84 6.39 5.73 4.63 210.73 II 5.13 10.04 3.59 6.96 239.03 III 6.14 13.56 4.64 9.45 281.57 Semi-finished goods B Ia 6.41 7.03 3.88 3.41 187.18 ib 6.82 6.50 3.87 3.52 197.87 II 5.65 8.94 3.51 5.16 259.91 III 6.22 11.25 3.73 5.86 280.98 Finished product C Ia 10.46 7.61 9.07 4.35 230.48 ib 10.22 7.22 8.75 3.51 215.52 II 9.71 10.09 12.24 6.44 282.97 III 10.23 11.11 9.12 7.36 302.78

The values given in Table 2 represent the maximum loads determined during the experiments, at which a tearing, tearing or bursting of the sample pieces occurs.

Without wishing to be bound by theory, the improved tear and tear propagation resistance can be explained as follows: In the knitwear or warp knitwear used according to the invention, the individual yarns or threads are displaced, for example, under tensile load (for example in the thigh extension tear test) Tear triangle to a yarn bundle ("cable effect"). The cable effect is decidedly resistant to tearing and leads to improved tear propagation resistance.

If one looks at the results of the bursting pressure, hardly any changes from the raw material (sample pieces A) to the semi-finished goods (sample pieces B) can be recognized. This is sometimes due to the use of the hydrophobic polyester fiber, which does not suffer from fiber loss due to the applied adhesive, and the merely discontinuously applied adhesive, which does not significantly affect the "cable effect".

The results of the simple thigh extension test show that the best results are obtained for the raw material (A III, "velvet"), the semi-finished product (B III, "velvet") and the finished product (C III, "velvet"). The goods build on each other, and already the raw material (A III, "velvet") has the best tear strength due to its construction. This is particularly clear in the values across the weft.

The long laying of specimens A III, B III and C III, which runs over three wales, promotes a shift of the yarns in the tear triangle, for example under tensile load to a yarn bundle. The resulting "cable effect" has a decisive effect against tearing and results in good results. The resulting semi-finished and finished goods also benefit from this phenomenon. The selective application of adhesive has no significant influence on the strength of the hydrophobic polyester yarn. Only the lamination of the random mat causes a strong increase in the "warp values" or the values in the direction of the courses. The reason for this is the selected "warp orientation" of the web, ie the orientation along the wales, which leads to improve the tear propagation across the wales ("warp"). In addition, you get by a long laying over three wales a high tear strength in the "shot". The reason for this is the "cable effect". In addition, by later lamination of the warp-oriented nonwoven, the "warp" is strengthened and a balanced textile adsorption filter material is obtained.

If one looks at the other commodities A Ia ("Cloth"), A Ib ("Cloth") and A II ("Satin"), one sees that the results of A Ia and A Ib are almost identical. The two warp knitted goods do not differ in the laying, but only in the basis weight. This shows that the basis weight has no significant influence on the tearability, but mainly the yarn tenacity, the thread density, the bond, the finish and the incorporation and the number of bond points per unit length. Due to the results of the raw material A II ("Satin"), which are in the middle, one can conclude the laying. It is longer than A Ia ("Cloth") and A Ib ("Cloth") but shorter than A III ("Velvet").

When looking at the results of the ballistic pendulum (Elmendorf), it can be seen that the raw material A III, the semi-finished product B III and the finished product C III provide the best "shot values". The good "Kettwerte" in the finished product, as already mentioned, achieved by the fleece.

The longer the "shot", d. H. the larger the number of wales over which a portion of the bonding elements, especially floats, extend, the more threads can be compressed, and thus the tear propagation resistance is increased.

The correlation of length of lay and increased tear strength on the values for the indication for the guide bar 2 given in table 1 as well as the "weft values" or burst values in table 2 can be seen well.

The guide bar 1 indicates the "Kettlegung", ie the laying of the wales, and the guide bar 2, the length of the "weft laying", so the laying of the courses. The longer the "weft laying", ie the larger the number of wales, over which a part of the binding elements, in particular floats, extends, the better the tear propagation resistance.

The laying and in particular the formation of the wales extending over the binding elements, in particular floats, thus have a decisive influence on the warp knit fabric production on the Tear strength values of the finished material. The reason for this is - as already mentioned - that in the tear propagation test it always depends on how strong the unit is. The tearing unit may be a single yarn or a fiber bundle. The more possibilities there are for fiber bundling through the lapping, the higher is the tear propagation force.

Fiber bundling can occur, among other things, when several fibers or threads run parallel to each other. The optimization of the tear strength ratio of warp knitted fabric is achieved by the design of warp knitted fabric. Decisive are the lapping and fiber titer.

Thus, the applicant has surprisingly found that the wovens of the type of cloth (specimens Ia and Ib), satin (specimens II) and velvet (specimens III) in this order have increasing tear propagation values in the transverse direction of the courses, ie in the longitudinal direction of the wales. result - both for the raw material (specimens A) and for the semi-finished goods (specimens B) and the finished product (specimens C).

By optimizing the ratio of the respective tear propagation force values in the longitudinal and transverse direction and by taking into account the covering material properties ("fleece") and its orientation, a further improvement of the tear propagation force values of the finished product, ie the adsorption filter material (ie warp knitted fabric as a textile carrier material, application of adhesive, Activated carbon and cover fleece) can be achieved according to samples C.

Thus, according to the invention results in an adsorption filter material with excellent tear or tear propagation behavior both in the direction of the wales and in the direction of the courses.

Claims (18)

A method of improving the tear strength and / or tear propagation resistance of a warp knit fabric, in particular for use in adsorption filter materials having chemical poisonous and / or warfare agent protections, the warp knitted fabric being provided with a plurality of wales, a plurality of courses and a plurality of binding elements,
characterized,
that a part of the binding elements is in each case formed and / or arranged to extend over a plurality of wales. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensile strength and / or tear strength of the warp knitted fabric is improved, in particular at least substantially in the direction of the wales and / or at least substantially in the transverse direction of the courses, and / or that at a tensile stress of warp knitted fabric and / or an action of a breaking force which is pushed together and / or bundled in each case over a plurality of wales extending binding elements. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the binding elements each extending over a plurality of wales are floats, handles and / or shots, preferably floats, and / or that the binding elements each extend over a plurality of wales , in particular floats, are formed and / or arranged over at least two, in particular over at least three, preferably over at least four or more wales. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binding elements, in particular floats, extending in each case over a plurality of wales are delimited by other binding elements, in particular meshes, handles, shots, standing threads, preferably stitches and / or that in each case over a plurality of wales extending binding elements, in particular floats, by a free and / or continuous and / or over the surface of warp knit fabric without binding extending thread or thread line are formed. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binding elements each extending over a plurality of wales, in particular floats, are formed from the same material as the remaining warp knitted fabric or in that the binding elements respectively extending over a plurality of wales, in particular Floats are formed of a different material from the material of the other Warp knit material. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of a plurality of wales extending bonding elements, in particular floats, by smooth or textured and / or reinforced threads, which have cotton, polyester, polyamide and / or mixtures thereof, or can be formed from this. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the warp knit fabric is any warp knitted fabric, in particular with a stitch pattern of the type fringe, tricot, cloth, satin, velvet and / or their modifications and / or combinations thereof, and / or a warp knitted fabric based on open and / or closed loops is used as warp knitted fabric and / or in that warp knitted fabric is an RL, RR or LL knit fabric. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the warp knit fabric additionally with a particular discontinuous, preferably applied punctiform adhesive, in particular for purposes of attachment of a chemical poison and / or warfare adsorbent adsorbent applied in particular wherein the amount of adhesive applied is less than 100 g / m ² , in particular less than 80 g / m ² , preferably less than 70 g / m ² , preferably less than 60 g / m ² . Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the warp knitted fabric additionally with an adsorbent adsorbing chemical poison and / or warfare agents, in particular a material based on activated carbon, preferably in the form of particles of activated carbon in grain form ("grain") or spherical form ("Ball coal"), is applied, in particular wherein the adsorbent is fixed by means of a particular discontinuous, preferably punctiform applied adhesive to the warp knitted fabric. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the adsorbent, in particular the material based on activated carbon, on the side facing away from the warp knitted fabric of the adsorbent with an air-permeable textile material, in particular a textile fabric in the form of a nonwoven, preferably a random mat, as a cover layer acted upon In particular, wherein the nonwoven is oriented in the direction of the wales of warp knit fabric, so that the tear strength and / or tear strength of warp knitted fabric, in particular at least substantially in the direction of the courses and / or at least substantially transversely to the wales, is additionally improved. A method for improving the tear strength and / or tear propagation resistance of warp knitted fabric, in particular for use in adsorption filter materials with chemical poisoning and / or warfare agent protection, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the warp knitted fabric comprises a plurality of wales, a plurality of courses and a variety of binding elements is equipped,
characterized,
that a part of the binding elements is formed as floats and that at least a part of these floats each have a plurality formed by wales, in particular over at least two wales, extending and / or arranged. Use of floats for improving the tear strength and / or tear propagation strength of a warp knit fabric comprising a plurality of wales and a plurality of courses, in particular for use in adsorption filter materials having a protective function against chemical poisoning agents and / or warfare agents,
characterized,
that at least a part of the floats is in each case formed and / or arranged over a plurality of wales, in particular over at least two wales, extending and / or arranged. Adsorption filter material with protective function against chemical poisoning and / or warfare agents, in particular ABC-fighting agents, wherein the adsorption filter material has a flat, in particular two-dimensional textile carrier material, wherein the textile carrier material with a chemical poisoning and / or warfare agents, in particular ABC-fighting agents, adsorbent adsorbent , in particular based on activated carbon, is applied,
characterized,
in that the textile carrier material is designed as a warp-knitted fabric and in that the warp-knitted fabric has a multiplicity of wales, a multiplicity of courses and a plurality of binding elements for improving the tear strength and / or tear propagation resistance. Adsorption filter material according to claim 13, characterized in that a part of the binding elements, preferably floats, each extend over a plurality of wales, in particular so that the tensile strength and / or tear propagation resistance of the warp knitted fabric is improved, in particular at least substantially in the direction of the wales and / or at least substantially in the transverse direction the rows of stitches, and / or in particular so that when a tensile stress of the warp knitted fabric and / or an action of a breaking force that are each pushed together over a plurality of wales binding members are pushed together and / or bundled. Adsorption filter material according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that each of a plurality of wales extending binding elements floats (floats), handles and / or shots, preferably floats, and / or that in each case over a plurality of wales extending binding elements , in particular floats, extend over at least two, in particular over at least three, preferably over at least four or more, wales and / or that each of a plurality of wales extending binding elements, in particular floats, by a free and / or continuous and / or over the surface of the warp knitted fabric without binding extending thread or thread line are formed. Adsorption filter material according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the warp knitted fabric is a warp knit fabric based on open and / or closed loops and / or that the warp knit fabric is a RL, RR or LL knitwear and / or that the warp knitted fabric additionally with a particular discontinuous, preferably applied dot-like adhesive, in particular for purposes of attaching a chemical poison and / or warfare adsorbent adsorbent is acted upon, in particular wherein the amount of adhesive applied less than 100 g / m ² , in particular less than 80 g / m ² , preferably less than 70 g / m ² , preferably less than 60 g / m ² . Adsorption filter material according to one of Claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the adsorbent adsorbent by chemical poisoning and / or warfare agents is a material based on activated carbon, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical form ("spherical carbon"), in particular wherein the activated carbon particles in an amount of 5 to 500 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 400 g / m ² , preferably 20 to 300 gm ² , preferably 25 to 250 g / m ² , particularly preferably 50 to 150 g / m ² , very particularly preferred 50 to 100 g / m ² , are applied to the warp knitted fabric. Adsorption filter material according to claim 17, characterized in that the adsorbent, in particular the material based on activated carbon, is acted upon on the side facing away from the warp knitted fabric side of the adsorbent with an air-permeable textile material, in particular a fabric in the form of a nonwoven, preferably a random mat, as a cover layer in particular wherein the nonwoven is oriented in the direction of the wales of the warp knitted fabric.

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