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EP1745527A1 - Antenna arrangement for inductive energy transmission and use of the antenna arrangement - Google Patents

Antenna arrangement for inductive energy transmission and use of the antenna arrangement

Info

Publication number
EP1745527A1
EP1745527A1 EP05741826A EP05741826A EP1745527A1 EP 1745527 A1 EP1745527 A1 EP 1745527A1 EP 05741826 A EP05741826 A EP 05741826A EP 05741826 A EP05741826 A EP 05741826A EP 1745527 A1 EP1745527 A1 EP 1745527A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna arrangement
arrangement according
magnetic
magnetic core
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05741826A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1745527B1 (en
Inventor
Wulf Guenther
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1745527A1 publication Critical patent/EP1745527A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1745527B1 publication Critical patent/EP1745527B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H01Q7/06—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop with core of ferromagnetic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement with an open magnetic core and a winding.
  • the invention is in the field of magnetic field antennas used for inductive energy transmission. Basically, it is possible to transmit energy and information using electrical or magnetic dipoles. Depending on the control circuit, electromagnetic waves or only predominantly electrical or magnetic fields are generated. It may be desirable not to emit electromagnetic waves, but to limit the generation of magnetic fields, in order to avoid, for example, the effect on organic tissue in the vicinity of the antenna. In particular, the radiation of magnetic fields or the inductive coupling to a magnetic antenna can transmit relatively high energies without galvanic coupling. The effect of such a coupling is limited to a narrow spatial area smaller than about Im. Nevertheless, there are many possible applications for such a transmission.
  • soft magnetic powder composites can be used as pressed magnetic cores.
  • these can consist of iron powder.
  • effective permeabilities between approximately 10 and 30 can be achieved.
  • saturation induction is around 1.0 to 1.4 T.
  • powder composites made of soft magnetic crystalline Iron-aluminum-silicon alloys and iron-nickel alloys are known, with which application frequencies up to over 100 kHz can be achieved.
  • AI magnetic cores are known, which are produced by injection molding from an injection-moldable plastic and a nanocrystalline alloy.
  • Nanocrystalline alloys are known, for example, from EP 0271657 A2 and EP 0455113 A2. Alloys of this type are produced, for example, by means of rapid starter technology in the form of thin alloy strips which are initially amorphous and which are subjected to a heat treatment to form a nanocrystalline structure. Such alloys can be ground to alloy powders with particle sizes smaller than 2mm. So-called flakes with thicknesses between 0.01 and 0.04 mm and widths or lengths of 0.04 to preferably arise
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing an antenna arrangement for use in the inductive transmission of energy.
  • the present invention aims at the effective energy transmission in the near field and the reliable functioning independently of a precise positioning of the antenna arrangement in relation to a receiver to which the energy is to be transmitted inductively.
  • the setting of very specific magnetic properties, in particular a sufficient flux with suitable radiation characteristics, is necessary in the antenna arrangement.
  • powers between approximately 1 W and 100 W are to be transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver over a distance between approximately 0.5 and 50 cm. Examples of this are all devices that have to be supplied with energy temporarily or permanently. Because of the exclusively inductive coupling, a frequency range from 10 kHz to 150 kHz is particularly suitable due to the availability of this frequency band and the boundary conditions. In addition, a magnetic flux of at least 20 ⁇ Wb must be achieved in the magnetic core. Since such antennas, as are used in the present antenna arrangement, mostly represent the inductive part of a resonance circuit, a high antenna quality of at least 50, preferably even 100, in the range of the operating frequency is desirable for optimizing the energy radiation.
  • a temperature-independent permeability is required, which is between 30 and 200 for optimal flow control. If the permeability is higher, the flux bundling in the core is so good that too little flux portion emerges from the side of the core and the field strength along the core, i.e. in the receiver area, becomes very inhomogeneous.
  • the magnetic core contains as a composite material a soft magnetic component made of finely divided particles and a plastic component, the magnetic core having an initial permeability between 20 and 200 and a saturation induction> 0.6 T.
  • the soft magnetic component advantageously consists of the already mentioned flakes made of a nanocrystalline material. This has a saturation magnetization of approx. 1 to 1.6T and permeabilities> 30,000.
  • the magnetic circuit is through the microscopic gaps between the flakes are interrupted and lower effective permeabilities from 30 to 100 can be set with high quality and constant temperature. Nevertheless, there is a high achievable flux density greater than 0.6 T, typically also greater than 0.9 T.
  • the soft magnetic component of the magnetic core also advantageously has the property that the particles are individually electrically insulated by a surface layer. This can be achieved, for example, by means of surface oxidation or plastic coating.
  • the particle size can advantageously be less than 2 mm, the particle thicknesses being less than 0.5 mm. This configuration of the particles results in particularly low magnetic reversal losses and thus a particularly high quality of the antenna.
  • the mechanical properties can be adjusted depending on the type and proportion of the plastic used with regard to fracture toughness and flexibility as well as its temperature dependence.
  • plastic components can be used as plastic components
  • thermoplastics or thermosets such as polyamide, polyacrylate, polyacetate, polyimide or epoxy resin can be selected depending on the desired mechanical and thermal properties.
  • the antenna arrangement as a magnetic core has a rod or a plate which is provided with a winding. Certain core cross sections are necessary in order to make the arrangement usable for the effective transmission of energy. Should be a middle one at heart
  • the coil length of the winding should be greater than its diameter, preferably large compared to the diameter.
  • An essential property of the material used according to the invention is the mechanical insensitivity to shock or vibrations and the free shaping in the context of the manufacture or a subsequent flexibility. Because of its magnetic properties, the material used according to the invention also allows a small size, which is desirable in many fields of application for reasons of cost, space and design.
  • a plurality of windings can be arranged on the same magnetic core, the longitudinal axes of the windings being at an angle> 0 °, for example 90 ° to one another.
  • the windings can be controlled simultaneously, out of phase or alternately, in order to reach receivers for inductive energy transmission in different positions. This makes energy transmission more reliable and less sensitive to the relative positioning of the transmitter and receiver.
  • the invention also relates to various operating methods of the antenna arrangement according to the invention with intermittent operation of the different windings or the phase-shifted simultaneous activation of the different windings.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention is also designed to be space-saving, it can additionally be useful to provide a recess within a magnetic core in which electronic components, for example the control circuit of the antenna arrangement, can be accommodated.
  • the flow guidance within the magnetic core is hardly negatively influenced by such recesses if they are not too large.
  • the antenna arrangement can advantageously be prefabricated with the control circuit and simply inserted as an integral structural unit in a device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plate-shaped rectangular design of a magnetic core with a winding
  • FIG. 2 shows a corresponding magnetic core with two windings
  • FIG. 3 shows a rod-shaped magnetic core with a winding
  • FIG. 4 shows a rod-shaped magnetic core with an integrated winding and pole pieces
  • Figure 5 shows a magnetic core with a recess
  • Figure 6 shows an application of the antenna arrangement with two magnetic cores.
  • Figure 1 shows a flat magnetic core 1 with a winding 2, wherein the dimensions of the magnetic core can be, for example, 20 x 10 x 0.2 cm.
  • the base area of the core is preferably as large as the target area of a receiver to be covered.
  • the configuration of the winding for example a compression of the windings towards the winding ends, produces a flux density that is as homogeneous as possible over the core surface.
  • FIG. 2 shows a combination of two windings 3, 4 which are perpendicular to one another on a magnetic core 5 which is designed almost as a square plate.
  • the entire arrangement according to FIG. 1 or 2 can be flexible. In any case, however, it is less sensitive to breakage than, for example, an antenna with a ferrite core or a core made of another conventional material.
  • FIG. 3 shows a rod-shaped magnetic core which is particularly suitable for the transmission of energy to a moving receiver, the direction of movement and the antenna of the receiver being directed parallel to the longitudinal axis 6 of the winding 7.
  • FIG. 6 shows two different magnetic cores 8, 9, each of which has a separate winding and whose longitudinal axes are perpendicular to one another in order to enable different flux densities and radiation characteristics.
  • This is an alternative embodiment to that shown in FIG. 2 with multiple windings on a single magnetic core.
  • FIG. 4 shows an arrangement in which the winding 10 is integrated in a magnetic body 11 insofar as it is the
  • Magnetic core 11 passes through itself, so that a lower part of the magnetic core 11 in FIG. 4 forms a yoke that short-circuits the magnetic flux on the underside.
  • a shielding effect in one direction (downward) with good radiation upward is achieved.
  • the casting method shown in WO 0191141 A1 is particularly suitable for producing such an arrangement, in which the winding can also be cast in during the production of the magnetic core.
  • FIG. 5 shows a recess 15 in the magnetic core 14, which allows components of an electronic circuit to be accommodated there, for example for controlling the winding 16.
  • FIG. 6 shows an application example of the antenna arrangement according to the invention with a mobile communication terminal, for example a cell phone or a cordless telephone 17, which has a receiving device (not shown in more detail) for inductive coupling to the antenna arrangement 18.
  • the antenna arrangement 18 has a housing 19, the two magnetic cores 8, 9, each of which is provided with a winding and can inductively transmit energy to the receiver in the terminal 17.
  • a capacitor or rechargeable battery is provided in the terminal 17 for storing the transmitted energy.
  • the same arrangement can also be used for the retransmission of information, or a signal, which is either also transmitted inductively, switching between sending and receiving, or by evaluating the energy consumption of the receiver ,

Landscapes

  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

An antenna arrangement is disclosed for the inductive transmission of energy by means of magnetic cores made of a composite material with amorphous or nanocrystalline flakes and a moulded plastic material, so that the magnetic properties suitable for effective energy transmission can be adjusted at the same time as high security against fracture and a small overall height are achieved.

Description

Beschreibung ÄNTENNENANORDNUNG ZUR INDUKTIVEN ENERGIEÜBERTRAGUNG UND VERWENDUNG DER ANTENNENANORDNUNGDescription AERIAL ARRANGEMENT FOR INDUCTIVE ENERGY TRANSMISSION AND USE OF THE ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Antennenanordnung mit einem offenen Magnetkern und einer Wicklung.The invention relates to an antenna arrangement with an open magnetic core and a winding.
Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der zur induktiven Energieübertragung genutzten Magnetfeldantennen. Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, Energie und Information mittels elektrischer oder magnetischer Dipole zu übertragen. Dabei werden je nach Ansteuerschaltung elektromagnetische Wellen oder auch nur ü- berwiegend elektrische oder magnetische Felder erzeugt. Es kann wünschenswert sein, keine elektromagnetischen Wellen ab- zustrahlen, sondern sich auf die Erzeugung von magnetischen Feldern zu beschränken, um beispielsweise die Einwirkung auf organisches Gewebe im Umfeld der Antenne zu vermeiden. Insbesondere können durch die Abstrahlung von magnetischen Feldern beziehungsweise die induktive Kopplung an eine Magnetantenne verhältnismäßig hohe Energien ohne eine galvanische Kopplung übertragen werden. Die Wirkung einer solchen Kopplung ist auf einen engen räumlichen Bereich kleiner als etwa Im begrenzt. Dennoch ergeben sich vielfältige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für eine derartige Übertragung.The invention is in the field of magnetic field antennas used for inductive energy transmission. Basically, it is possible to transmit energy and information using electrical or magnetic dipoles. Depending on the control circuit, electromagnetic waves or only predominantly electrical or magnetic fields are generated. It may be desirable not to emit electromagnetic waves, but to limit the generation of magnetic fields, in order to avoid, for example, the effect on organic tissue in the vicinity of the antenna. In particular, the radiation of magnetic fields or the inductive coupling to a magnetic antenna can transmit relatively high energies without galvanic coupling. The effect of such a coupling is limited to a narrow spatial area smaller than about Im. Nevertheless, there are many possible applications for such a transmission.
Im Prinzip können dabei neben gebräuchlichen Weichferriten die meisten bekannten weichmagnetischen Pulververbundwerkstoffe als gepresste Magnetkerne verwendet werden. Beispielsweise können diese aus Eisenpulver bestehen. Mit derartigen Magnetkernen lassen sich effektive Permeabilitäten zwischen ca. 10 und 30 erreichen. Entsprechend erreichbare Sättigungsinduktionen liegen bei ca. 1,0 bis 1,4 T. Es sind außerdem Pulververbundwerkstoffe aus weichmagnetischen kristallinen Eisen-Aluminium-Siliziumlegierungen und Eisen-Nickellegierungen bekannt, mit denen Anwendungsfrequenzen bis über 100 kHz erreicht werden können.In principle, in addition to conventional soft ferrites, most of the known soft magnetic powder composites can be used as pressed magnetic cores. For example, these can consist of iron powder. With such magnetic cores, effective permeabilities between approximately 10 and 30 can be achieved. Correspondingly achievable saturation induction is around 1.0 to 1.4 T. There are also powder composites made of soft magnetic crystalline Iron-aluminum-silicon alloys and iron-nickel alloys are known, with which application frequencies up to over 100 kHz can be achieved.
Der Nachteil von derartigen Verbundwerkstoffen und Ferriten besteht darin, dass die Presstechnologien nur einfache geometrische Formen zulassen und dass die entstehenden Magnetkerne relativ spröde und bruchgefährdet sind. Außerdem sind die entsprechenden Magneteigenschaften stark temperaturabhän- gig, was den Einsatz von Resonanzschwingkreisen erschwert.The disadvantage of such composites and ferrites is that the pressing technologies only allow simple geometric shapes and that the magnetic cores that arise are relatively brittle and prone to breakage. In addition, the corresponding magnetic properties are strongly temperature-dependent, which makes the use of resonant circuits difficult.
Aus der DE 19846781 AI sind Magnetkerne bekannt, die im Spritzgussverfahren aus einem spritzgießfähigen Kunststoff und einer nanokristallinen Legierung hergestellt werden.From DE 19846781 AI magnetic cores are known, which are produced by injection molding from an injection-moldable plastic and a nanocrystalline alloy.
Entsprechende nanokristalline Legierungen sind beispielsweise aus der EP 0271657 A2 und der EP 0455113 A2 bekannt. Derartige Legierungen werden beispielsweise mittels der Rascherstar- rungstechnologie in Form von dünnen Legierungsbändern herge- stellt, die anfänglich amorph sind und die einer Wärmebehandlung zur Entstehung einer nanokristallinen Struktur unterworfen werden. Derartige Legierungen können zu Legierungspulvern mit Partikelgrößen kleiner als 2mm vermählen werden. Vorzugsweise entstehen sogenannte Flakes mit Dicken zwischen 0,01 und 0,04 mm und Breiten beziehungsweise Längen von 0,04 bisCorresponding nanocrystalline alloys are known, for example, from EP 0271657 A2 and EP 0455113 A2. Alloys of this type are produced, for example, by means of rapid starter technology in the form of thin alloy strips which are initially amorphous and which are subjected to a heat treatment to form a nanocrystalline structure. Such alloys can be ground to alloy powders with particle sizes smaller than 2mm. So-called flakes with thicknesses between 0.01 and 0.04 mm and widths or lengths of 0.04 to preferably arise
1mm pro Partikel. Diese Flakes können mit Hilfe von Kunstharzen zu Verbundwerkstoffen verarbeitet werden, in denen Sättigungsmagnetisierungen größer als 0,5 Tesla und Permeabilitäten zwischen 10 und 200 verwirklicht werden können. Ein Her- stellungsverfahren für derartige Magnetkerne ist beispielsweise in der WO 0191141 AI dargestellt. Aus der EP 0762535 AI sind Antennen für Transponder bekannt, die ebenfalls aus weichmagnetischen Pulververbundwerkstoffen, beispielsweise amorphen Legierungen bestehen. Derartige Antennen werden dort zum Austausch von Informationen verwendet. Dabei kommt es auf das ausfallsichere Funktionieren des Informationsaustausches in einem räumlichen Bereich von einigen Metern sowie die geringe Störanfälligkeit gegenüber metallischen Gegenständen im Umfeld der Antenne an.1mm per particle. These flakes can be processed with the help of synthetic resins into composite materials, in which saturation magnetizations greater than 0.5 Tesla and permeabilities between 10 and 200 can be achieved. A manufacturing process for such magnetic cores is shown for example in WO 0191141 AI. From EP 0762535 AI antennas for transponders are known, which also consist of soft magnetic powder composites, for example amorphous alloys. Such antennas are used there to exchange information. What is important here is the fail-safe functioning of the information exchange in a spatial area of a few meters and the low susceptibility to interference from metallic objects in the vicinity of the antenna.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt dagegen die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Antennenanordnung zur Verwendung bei der induktiven Übertragung von Energie bereitzustellen.In contrast, the present invention is based on the object of providing an antenna arrangement for use in the inductive transmission of energy.
Die vorliegende Erfindung zielt dabei auf die effektive Ener- gieübertragung im Nahfeldbereich und das verlässliche Funktionieren unabhängig von einer genauen Positionierung der Antennenanordnung gegenüber einem Empfänger, zu dem hin die E- nergie auf induktivem Wege übertragen werden soll. Hierzu ist die Einstellung ganz bestimmter magnetischer Eigenschaften, insbesondere eines ausreichenden Flusses mit geeigneter Ab- strahlungscharakteristik bei der Antennenanordnung notwendig.The present invention aims at the effective energy transmission in the near field and the reliable functioning independently of a precise positioning of the antenna arrangement in relation to a receiver to which the energy is to be transmitted inductively. For this purpose, the setting of very specific magnetic properties, in particular a sufficient flux with suitable radiation characteristics, is necessary in the antenna arrangement.
Es sollen mit Hilfe einer gattungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung Leistungen zwischen ca. 1 W und 100 W von einem Sender zu ei- nem Empfänger über eine Entfernung zwischen etwa 0,5 und 50 cm übertragen werden. Anwendungsbeispiele hierzu sind alle Geräte, die drahtlos zeitweise oder dauernd mit Energie versorgt werden müssen. Dabei ist wegen der ausschließlich induktiven Kopplung ein Frequenzbereich von 10 khz bis 150 khz wegen der Verfügbarkeit dieses Frequenzbandes und den Di en- sionierungsrandbedingungen besonders geeignet. Außerdem ist ein magnetischer Fluß von mindestens 20 μWb im Magnetkern zu verwirklichen. Da derartige Antennen, wie sie in der vorliegenden Antennenanordnung eingesetzt werden, meistens den induktiven Teil eines Resonanzkreises darstellen, ist zur Optimierung der Ener- gieabstrahlung eine hohe Antennengüte von mindestens 50, bevorzugt sogar 100 im Bereich der Arbeitsfrequenz wünschenswert. Außerdem ist eine temperaturunabhängige Permeabilität erforderlich, die zur optimalen Flussführung zwischen 30 und 200 liegt. Bei höherer Permeabilität ist die Flussbündelung im Kern so gut, dass seitlich ein zu geringer Flussanteil aus dem Kern austritt und die Feldstärke entlang des Kerns, das heisst im Empfängerbereich stark inhomogen wird.With the aid of a generic antenna arrangement, powers between approximately 1 W and 100 W are to be transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver over a distance between approximately 0.5 and 50 cm. Examples of this are all devices that have to be supplied with energy temporarily or permanently. Because of the exclusively inductive coupling, a frequency range from 10 kHz to 150 kHz is particularly suitable due to the availability of this frequency band and the boundary conditions. In addition, a magnetic flux of at least 20 μWb must be achieved in the magnetic core. Since such antennas, as are used in the present antenna arrangement, mostly represent the inductive part of a resonance circuit, a high antenna quality of at least 50, preferably even 100, in the range of the operating frequency is desirable for optimizing the energy radiation. In addition, a temperature-independent permeability is required, which is between 30 and 200 for optimal flow control. If the permeability is higher, the flux bundling in the core is so good that too little flux portion emerges from the side of the core and the field strength along the core, i.e. in the receiver area, becomes very inhomogeneous.
Die Aufgabe, die der vorliegenden Erfindung zu Grunde liegt, kann mit den bekannten Magnetanordnungen, Magnetkernen und Werkstoffen nicht befriedigend gelöst werden.The object on which the present invention is based cannot be satisfactorily achieved with the known magnet arrangements, magnetic cores and materials.
Sie wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie eine Verwendung einer solchen Anordnung gemäß An- spruch 13 gelöst. Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgedankens sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.According to the invention, it is achieved by an arrangement according to claim 1 and by using such an arrangement according to claim 13. Refinements and developments of the inventive concept are the subject of dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß enthält der Magnetkern als Verbundwerkstoff eine weichmagnetische Komponente aus feinverteilten Partikeln und eine Kunststoffkomponente, wobei der Magnetkern eine Anfangspermeabilität zwischen 20 und 200 sowie eine Sättigungsinduktion > 0,6 T aufweist.According to the invention, the magnetic core contains as a composite material a soft magnetic component made of finely divided particles and a plastic component, the magnetic core having an initial permeability between 20 and 200 and a saturation induction> 0.6 T.
Die weichmagnetische Komponente besteht vorteilhaft aus den bereits erwähnten Flakes aus einem nanokristallinen Material. Dieses weist eine Sättigungsmagnetisierung von ca. 1 bis 1,6T und Permeabilitäten > 30.000 auf. Durch die Vermischung mit einer Kunststoffkomponente wird der magnetische Kreis durch die mikroskopischen Lücken zwischen den Flakes unterbrochen und es lassen sich niedrigere effektive Permeabilitäten von 30 bis 100 bei hoher Güte und Temperaturkonstanz einstellen. Dennoch ergibt sich eine hohe erreichbare Flussdichte größer als 0,6 T, typisch auch größer als 0,9 T. Die weichmagnetische Komponente des Magnetkernes hat außerdem vorteilhaft die Eigenschaft, dass die Partikel jeweils einzeln durch eine O- berflächenschicht elektrisch isoliert sind. Diese kann beispielsweise durch' Oberflächenoxidation oder Kunststoffbe- Schichtung realisiert sein. Die Partikelgröße kann vorteilhaft weniger als 2mm betragen, wobei die Partikeldicken kleiner als 0,5mm sein können. Durch diese Ausgestaltung der Partikel werden besonders geringe Ummagnetisierungsverluste und damit eine besonders hohe Güte der Antenne erreicht.Die mechanischen Eigenschaften sind je nach der Art und Anteil des eingesetzten Kunststoffes bezüglich der Bruchzähigkeit und Biegsamkeit sowie deren Temperaturabhängigkeit einstellbar.The soft magnetic component advantageously consists of the already mentioned flakes made of a nanocrystalline material. This has a saturation magnetization of approx. 1 to 1.6T and permeabilities> 30,000. By mixing with a plastic component, the magnetic circuit is through the microscopic gaps between the flakes are interrupted and lower effective permeabilities from 30 to 100 can be set with high quality and constant temperature. Nevertheless, there is a high achievable flux density greater than 0.6 T, typically also greater than 0.9 T. The soft magnetic component of the magnetic core also advantageously has the property that the particles are individually electrically insulated by a surface layer. This can be achieved, for example, by means of surface oxidation or plastic coating. The particle size can advantageously be less than 2 mm, the particle thicknesses being less than 0.5 mm. This configuration of the particles results in particularly low magnetic reversal losses and thus a particularly high quality of the antenna. The mechanical properties can be adjusted depending on the type and proportion of the plastic used with regard to fracture toughness and flexibility as well as its temperature dependence.
Als Kunststoffkomponente können generell alle im Rahmen derIn general, all plastic components can be used as plastic components
Gießharztechnologie verarbeitbaren Thermo- oder Duroplaste wie Polyamid, Polyacrylat, Polyacetat, Polyimid oder Epoxidharz je nach den gewünschten mechanischen und thermischen Eigenschaften gewählt werden.Cast resin technology processable thermoplastics or thermosets such as polyamide, polyacrylate, polyacetate, polyimide or epoxy resin can be selected depending on the desired mechanical and thermal properties.
Im einfachsten Fall weist die Antennenanordnung als Magnetkern einen Stab oder eine Platte auf, die mit einer Bewicklung versehen sind. Es sind bestimmte Kernquerschnitte notwendig, um die Anordnung für die effektive Übertragung von Energie einsetzbar zu machen. Soll im Kern ein mittlererIn the simplest case, the antenna arrangement as a magnetic core has a rod or a plate which is provided with a winding. Certain core cross sections are necessary in order to make the arrangement usable for the effective transmission of energy. Should be a middle one at heart
Fluss von mindestens 20 μWb erreicht werden, so ergibt sich eine Induktion von 400 mT bei einem Querschnitt von 0,5 cm2. Dies entspricht etwa der Hälfte des Querschnittes, der bei Einsatz eines Weichferrites notwendig wäre.Flow of at least 20 μWb can be achieved, this results in an induction of 400 mT with a cross section of 0.5 cm 2 . This corresponds to about half the cross-section that would be necessary if a soft ferrite were used.
Dabei sollte, um den Magnetkern zur Erhöhung des Flusses ef- fektiv nutzen zu können, die Spulenlänge der Wicklung größer sein als ihr Durchmesser, vorzugsweise groß gegenüber dem Durchmesser. Eine wesentliche Eigenschaft des erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Materials ist die mechanische Unempfindlichkeit gegen Stoß oder Vibrationen und die freie Formgebung im Rah- men der Herstellung beziehungsweise eine nachträgliche Biegsamkeit. Das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Material erlaubt wegen seiner magnetischen Eigenschaften außerdem eine kleine Baugröße, wie sie aus Kosten-, Platz- und Designgründen in vielen Anwendungsbereichen wünschenswert ist.In order to be able to use the magnetic core effectively to increase the flux, the coil length of the winding should be greater than its diameter, preferably large compared to the diameter. An essential property of the material used according to the invention is the mechanical insensitivity to shock or vibrations and the free shaping in the context of the manufacture or a subsequent flexibility. Because of its magnetic properties, the material used according to the invention also allows a small size, which is desirable in many fields of application for reasons of cost, space and design.
Zur Realisierung der gewünschten Abstrahlcharakteristik beziehungsweise Flussführung der Antennenanordnung kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass mehrere Wicklungen auf demselben Magnetkern angeordnet sind, wobei die Längsachsen der Wicklungen in einem Winkel > 0°, beispielsweise 90° zueinander stehen. Die Wicklungen können gleichzeitig, phasenversetzt oder abwechselnd angesteuert werden, um Empfänger der induktiven Energieübertragung in verschiedenen Positionen zu erreichen. Dadurch wird die Energieübertragung zuverlässiger und bezüglich der relativen Positionierung von Sender und Empfänger unempfindlicher. Die Erfindung bezieht sich dabei auch auf verschiedene Betriebsverfahren der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung mit intermittierendem Betrieb der verschiedenen Wicklungen beziehungsweise dem erwähnten phasenverschobenen gleichzeitigen Ansteuern der unterschiedlichen Wicklungen.To implement the desired radiation characteristic or flow guidance of the antenna arrangement, it can be advantageous for a plurality of windings to be arranged on the same magnetic core, the longitudinal axes of the windings being at an angle> 0 °, for example 90 ° to one another. The windings can be controlled simultaneously, out of phase or alternately, in order to reach receivers for inductive energy transmission in different positions. This makes energy transmission more reliable and less sensitive to the relative positioning of the transmitter and receiver. The invention also relates to various operating methods of the antenna arrangement according to the invention with intermittent operation of the different windings or the phase-shifted simultaneous activation of the different windings.
Zur Erreichung einer derartigen vergrößerten Akzeptanz bei der Positionierung von Sender und Empfänger ist es auch denk- bar, dass mehrere Wicklungen auf verschiedenen Magnetkernen der genannten Art vorgesehen werden, wobei die Abstrahlcharakteristik der einzelnen Magnetkerne unterschiedlich geformt oder ausgerichtet ist. Auch durch diese Maßnahme wird der op- timale Positionierbereich eines Empfängers der ausgesandten Energie vergrößert.In order to achieve such increased acceptance when positioning the transmitter and receiver, it is also conceivable bar that several windings are provided on different magnetic cores of the type mentioned, the radiation characteristic of the individual magnetic cores being shaped or oriented differently. This measure also increases the optimal positioning range of a receiver of the energy emitted.
Da die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung auch darauf ausgerichtet ist, platzsparend zu sein, kann es zusätzlich sinn- voll sein, eine Ausnehmung innerhalb eines Magnetkerns vorzusehen, in der elektronische Komponenten, beispielsweise der Ansteuerschaltung der Antennenanordnung, untergebracht werden können. Die Flussführung innerhalb des Magnetkerns wird durch derartige Ausnehmungen, wenn sie nicht zu groß sind, kaum ne- gativ beeinflusst. Außerdem kann die Antennenanordnung mit der Ansteuerschaltung vorteilhaft vorgefertigt und als integrale Baueinheit einfach in ein Gerät eingesetzt werden.Since the antenna arrangement according to the invention is also designed to be space-saving, it can additionally be useful to provide a recess within a magnetic core in which electronic components, for example the control circuit of the antenna arrangement, can be accommodated. The flow guidance within the magnetic core is hardly negatively influenced by such recesses if they are not too large. In addition, the antenna arrangement can advantageously be prefabricated with the control circuit and simply inserted as an integral structural unit in a device.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der in den Figuren der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigt:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures of the drawing. It shows:
Figur 1 eine plattenförmige rechteckige Gestaltung eines Magnetkerns mit einer Wicklung,FIG. 1 shows a plate-shaped rectangular design of a magnetic core with a winding,
Figur 2 einen entsprechenden Magnetkern mit zwei Wicklungen,FIG. 2 shows a corresponding magnetic core with two windings,
Figur 3 einen stabför igen Magnetkern mit einer Wicklung,FIG. 3 shows a rod-shaped magnetic core with a winding,
Figur 4 einen stabförmigen Magnetkern mit einer integrierten Wicklung und Polschuhen, Figur 5 einen Magnetkern mit einer Ausnehmung undFIG. 4 shows a rod-shaped magnetic core with an integrated winding and pole pieces, Figure 5 shows a magnetic core with a recess and
Figur 6 eine Anwendung der Antennenanordnung mit zwei Magnetkernen.Figure 6 shows an application of the antenna arrangement with two magnetic cores.
Figur 1 zeigt einen flächigen Magnetkern 1 mit einer Bewicklung 2, wobei die Abmessungen des Magnetkerns beispielsweise 20 x 10 x 0,2 cm betragen können. Die Grundfläche des Kerns ist vorzugsweise so groß wie der abzudeckende Zielraum eines Empfängers. Durch die Ausgestaltung der Wicklung, zum Beispiel eine Verdichtung der Windungen zu den Wicklungsenden hin, wird eine über die Kernfläche möglichst homogene starke Flussdichte erzeugt. Zur speziellen Gestaltung der Flussausrichtung und der AbstrahlCharakteristik zeigt die Figur 2 ei- ne Kombination aus zwei senkrecht zueinander stehenden Wicklungen 3,4 auf einem nahezu als quadratische Platte ausgeführten Magnetkern 5. Die beiden Wicklungen können abwechselnd nacheinander oder gleichzeitig phasenverschoben gegeneinander angesteuert werden.Figure 1 shows a flat magnetic core 1 with a winding 2, wherein the dimensions of the magnetic core can be, for example, 20 x 10 x 0.2 cm. The base area of the core is preferably as large as the target area of a receiver to be covered. The configuration of the winding, for example a compression of the windings towards the winding ends, produces a flux density that is as homogeneous as possible over the core surface. For the special design of the flux alignment and the radiation characteristic, FIG. 2 shows a combination of two windings 3, 4 which are perpendicular to one another on a magnetic core 5 which is designed almost as a square plate.
Bei geeigneter Wahl der Kunststoffkomponente kann die gesamte Anordnung gemäß Figur 1 oder 2 biegsam sein. In jedem Fall ist sie aber bruchunempfindlicher als beispielsweise eine Antenne mit Ferritkern oder einem Kern aus einem anderen übli- chen Material.With a suitable choice of the plastic component, the entire arrangement according to FIG. 1 or 2 can be flexible. In any case, however, it is less sensitive to breakage than, for example, an antenna with a ferrite core or a core made of another conventional material.
Besonders geeignet für die Übermittlung von Energie zu einem bewegten Empfänger ist die in Figur 3 gezeigte Anordnung mit einem stabförmigen Magnetkern, wobei die Bewegungsrichtung, wie auch die Antenne des Empfängers parallel zu der Längsachse 6 der Wicklung 7 gerichtet ist. In der Figur 6 sind zwei verschiedene Magnetkerne 8, 9 dargestellt, die jeweils eine separate Wicklung aufweisen und deren Längsachsen senkrecht aufeinander stehen um verschiedene Flussdichten und Abstrahlungscharakteristiken zu ermöglichen. Dies ist eine alternative Ausgestaltungsform zu der in der Figur 2 dargestellten mit mehreren Wicklungen auf einem einzigen Magnetkern.The arrangement shown in FIG. 3 with a rod-shaped magnetic core is particularly suitable for the transmission of energy to a moving receiver, the direction of movement and the antenna of the receiver being directed parallel to the longitudinal axis 6 of the winding 7. FIG. 6 shows two different magnetic cores 8, 9, each of which has a separate winding and whose longitudinal axes are perpendicular to one another in order to enable different flux densities and radiation characteristics. This is an alternative embodiment to that shown in FIG. 2 with multiple windings on a single magnetic core.
Die Figur 4 zeigt eine Anordnung, bei der die Wicklung 10 in einen Magnetkörper 11 insofern integriert ist, als sie denFIG. 4 shows an arrangement in which the winding 10 is integrated in a magnetic body 11 insofar as it is the
Magnetkern 11 selbst durchsetzt, so dass ein unterer Teil des Magnetkerns 11 in der Figur 4 ein Joch bildet, das den magnetischen Fluss auf der Unterseite kurzschließt. Dadurch und durch die Polschuhe 12, 13 wird eine Abschirmwirkung in eine Richtung (nach unten) bei dennoch guter Abstrahlung nach oben erreicht .Magnetic core 11 passes through itself, so that a lower part of the magnetic core 11 in FIG. 4 forms a yoke that short-circuits the magnetic flux on the underside. As a result, and through the pole shoes 12, 13, a shielding effect in one direction (downward) with good radiation upward is achieved.
Zur Herstellung einer derartigen Anordnung ist das in der WO 0191141 AI dargestellte Gießverfahren besonders geeignet, bei dem die Wicklung bei der Herstellung des Magnetkerns mit eingegossen werden kann.The casting method shown in WO 0191141 A1 is particularly suitable for producing such an arrangement, in which the winding can also be cast in during the production of the magnetic core.
Die Figur 5 zeigt in dem Magnetkern 14 eine Ausnehmung 15, die es erlaubt dort Komponenten einer elektronischen Schal- tung, beispielsweise zur Ansteuerung der Wicklung 16, unterzubringen.FIG. 5 shows a recess 15 in the magnetic core 14, which allows components of an electronic circuit to be accommodated there, for example for controlling the winding 16.
Die Figur 6 zeigt ein Anwendungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung mit einem mobilen Kommunikationsendge- rät, beispielsweise einem Mobiltelefon oder einem Schnurlostelefon 17, das über eine nicht näher dargestellte Empfangseinrichtung zur induktiven Kopplung mit der Antennenanordnung 18 verfügt. Die Antennenanordnung 18 weist in einem Ge- häuse 19 die beiden Magnetkerne 8, 9 auf, die jeweils mit einer Bewicklung versehen sind und induktiv Energie an den Empfänger im Endgerät 17 übertragen können. In dem Endgerät 17 ist außer dem Empfänger ein Kondensator oder Akku zur Spei- cherung der übertragenen Energie vorgesehen.FIG. 6 shows an application example of the antenna arrangement according to the invention with a mobile communication terminal, for example a cell phone or a cordless telephone 17, which has a receiving device (not shown in more detail) for inductive coupling to the antenna arrangement 18. The antenna arrangement 18 has a housing 19, the two magnetic cores 8, 9, each of which is provided with a winding and can inductively transmit energy to the receiver in the terminal 17. In addition to the receiver, a capacitor or rechargeable battery is provided in the terminal 17 for storing the transmitted energy.
Trotz der Spezialisierung der beschriebenen Antennenanordnung auf die Energieübertragung, kann die selbe Anordnung auch zur Rückübertragung einer Information, beziehungsweise eines Sig- nals dienen, das entweder ebenfalls induktiv übermittelt wird, wobei zwischen Senden und Empfangen umgeschaltet werden üsste, oder durch Auswertung der Energieentnahme des Empfängers .Despite the specialization of the antenna arrangement described for energy transmission, the same arrangement can also be used for the retransmission of information, or a signal, which is either also transmitted inductively, switching between sending and receiving, or by evaluating the energy consumption of the receiver ,
Es ist auch die Anwendung der Erfindung bei der Übertragung von Energie von einem mobilen Gerät zu einem stationären Gerät denkbar, beispielsweise in der Bahntechnik zur Übertragung von Signalen und/oder Energie von einem an einem Fahrzeug befestigten Gerät zu einem stationären Sensor einer Leitwarte/eines Stellwerkes zur Verkehrsüberwachung. It is also conceivable to use the invention in the transmission of energy from a mobile device to a stationary device, for example in railway technology for the transmission of signals and / or energy from a device attached to a vehicle to a stationary sensor in a control room / signal box for traffic monitoring.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Antennenanordnung mit einem Magnetkern (1, 5, 14) und einer Wicklung (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) zur Verwendung bei der in- duktiven Übertragung von Energie, wobei der Magnetkern (1, 5, 14) als Verbundwerkstoff eine weichmagnetische Komponente aus feinverteilten Partikeln und eine Kunststoffkomponente enthält und wobei der Magnetkern (1, 5, 14) eine effektive Anfangspermeabilität zwischen 20 und 200 sowie eine Sättigungs- induktion größer 0,6 T aufweist.1. Antenna arrangement with a magnetic core (1, 5, 14) and a winding (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) for use in the inductive transmission of energy, the magnetic core (1, 5, 14) as a composite material contains a soft magnetic component consisting of finely divided particles and a plastic component and the magnetic core (1, 5, 14) has an effective initial permeability between 20 and 200 and a saturation induction greater than 0.6 T.
2. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die weichmagnetische Komponente ein amorphes oder ein nanokristallines Material enthält.2. Antenna arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the soft magnetic component contains an amorphous or a nanocrystalline material.
3. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , bei der die weichmagnetische Komponente aus Partikeln besteht, die einzeln durch eine Oberflächenschicht elektrisch isoliert sind.3. Antenna arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the soft magnetic component consists of particles which are individually electrically isolated by a surface layer.
4. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 3 , bei der die Partikelgröße kleiner als 2 mm ist.4. Antenna arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the particle size is less than 2 mm.
5. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4 , bei der die Partikeldicken kleiner 0,5 mm sind.5. Antenna arrangement according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the particle thicknesses are less than 0.5 mm.
6. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, bei der die Partikel oberflächenoxidiert oder kunststoffbeschichtet sind. 6. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 3 to 5, in which the particles are surface-oxidized or plastic-coated.
7. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei der die Kunststoffkomponente einen im Rahmen der Giessharztechnologie verarbeitbaren Thermo- oder Duroplast enthält.7. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the plastic component contains a thermoplastic or thermoset that can be processed in the context of cast resin technology.
8. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei der die durch den Magnetkern (1, 5, 14) und die Wicklung (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) gebildete Antenne eine Güte größer 50 im Frequenzbereich zwischen 20 khz und 150 khz aufweist.8. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which the antenna formed by the magnetic core (1, 5, 14) and the winding (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) has a quality greater than 50 in the frequency range between 20 khz and 150 khz.
9. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, bei der der Magnetkern (1, 5, 14) bis zu einen magnetischen Fluss von mindestens 20 μ Wb belastbar ist.9. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which the magnetic core (1, 5, 14) can be loaded up to a magnetic flux of at least 20 μ Wb.
10. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, mit mehreren Wicklungen (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) auf demselben Magnetkern (1, 5, 14), wobei die Längsachsen (20, 21) der Wicklungen in einem Winkel größer 0° zueinander angeordnet sind.10. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, with a plurality of windings (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) on the same magnetic core (1, 5, 14), the longitudinal axes (20, 21) of the windings in one Angles greater than 0 ° to one another are arranged.
11. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, bei der mehrere Magnetkerne (1, 5, 14), die Wicklungen (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) tragen, wobei die Abstrahlcharakteristik der einzelnen Magnetkerne (1, 5, 14) unterschiedlich geformt und/oder ausgerichtet ist.11. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, in which a plurality of magnetic cores (1, 5, 14) carrying the windings (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16), the radiation characteristic of the individual magnetic cores (1, 5 , 14) is differently shaped and / or aligned.
12. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, bei der in wenigstens einem der Magnetkerne (1, 5, 14) eine Ausnehmung (15) zur Aufnahme elektronischer Komponenten vor- gesehen ist.12. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11, in which in at least one of the magnetic cores (1, 5, 14) a recess (15) is provided for receiving electronic components.
13. Verwendung einer Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 zur induktiven Energieübertragung. 13. Use of an antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 12 for inductive energy transmission.
14. Verwendung nach Anspruch 13 zur induktiven Energieübertragung zwischen einem stationären Gerät und einem mobilen, mit einer induktiven Empfängereinrichtung ausgestatteten Ge- rät.14. Use according to claim 13 for inductive energy transmission between a stationary device and a mobile device equipped with an inductive receiver device.
15. Verwendung einer Antennenanordnung gemäß Anspruch 14 zur Aufladung von in den mobilen Geräten (17) angeordneten Energiespeichern.15. Use of an antenna arrangement according to claim 14 for charging energy storage devices arranged in the mobile devices (17).
16. Verwendung einer Antennenanordnung gemäß Anspruch 13 zur induktiven Übertragung von Energie von einem mobilen Gerät zu einem stationären Gerät.16. Use of an antenna arrangement according to claim 13 for the inductive transmission of energy from a mobile device to a stationary device.
17. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Antennenanordnung gemäß Patentanspruch 10 oder 11, bei der die verschiedenen Wicklungen (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) gleichzeitig phasenversetzt oder zeitlich abwechselnd angesteuert werden. 17. A method of operating an antenna arrangement according to claim 10 or 11, in which the different windings (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) are simultaneously phase-shifted or driven alternately in time.
EP05741826.1A 2004-05-13 2005-05-13 Antenna arrangement for inductive energy transmission and use of the antenna arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP1745527B1 (en)

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EP1745527B1 (en) 2013-04-17
US7545337B2 (en) 2009-06-09
US20070126650A1 (en) 2007-06-07
JP2007537637A (en) 2007-12-20
WO2005112192A1 (en) 2005-11-24
DE102004023815A1 (en) 2005-12-08

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