EP1631357B1 - Ventilation system providing nbc protection - Google Patents

Abstract

A ventilation system providing NBC protection for at least one closed security space and/or protection space with constant slight excess pressure, the ventilation system substantially having an air inlet and air outlet, an explosion protection valve, a prefilter, a filter for suspended matter, an activated carbon filter and an air conveying device for sucking in the air to be purified and for distributing the purified air, and wherein the ventilation system has at least one of the three following built-in elements: an explosion protection valve which is combined with and cooperates with the prefilter; a combined activated carbon filter made of activated carbon which is specifically effective against biological and/or chemical toxic substances, on the one hand and, on the other hand, against radionuclides; and an air pump configured as a double bellows.

Description

The invention relates to a ventilation system for the NBC protection of at least one closed safety and / or shelter with constant slight overpressure, which ventilation system essentially an air inlet and outlet, an explosion protection valve, a pre-filter, a particulate filter, an activated carbon filter and an air pump Suction of the cleaned and distributed to distribute the purified air.

From the WO 97/30755 A1 an air cleaning device is known, the means for sucking, cleaning and distribution of outside air in at least one enclosed space, in particular in security and / or shelters comprises. The device is designed as an autonomous installation unit with an airtight housing, an air inlet nozzle for the air to be cleaned and an outlet nozzle. The housing encloses a fan, at least one unused and airtight packed filter unit and an integrated bypass for the filter units. According to a specific embodiment, two different filter units can be installed, which have different activated carbon filters. Depending on the damage situation, one or the other filter unit can be used; both are immediately accessible and fully functional at all times. The cleaned air is constantly blown into the security and / or shelters, where it continuously escapes to create a persistent, slight overpressure due to leaks in the rooms and / or a pressure relief valve.

Next is from the DE 3841895 A1 a filter unit is known, which is preferably cylindrical and consists of nested individual filters. In their entirety, these individual filters provide protection against atomic, biological and chemical contaminants, ie NBC protection. For the operation of the device an externally flanged fan is provided. When installing the ventilation system is to pay attention in a complex manner, that all components are coordinated both structurally and in terms of their functional characteristics.

In trial runs of a ventilation system, which must be carried out regularly, the functioning of all components involved and the sufficient tightness of the security and / or shelters is checked. At the same time, proof must be provided that a prescribed overpressure is always achieved during use.

There are ventilation devices are known in which the air ingress into the security and / or shelter an explosion protection valve is installed with a separately mounted pre-filter, for example from the EP 0678693 B1 , Furthermore, there are ventilation devices in which the pre-filter is installed directly in the device. The explosion protection valve is in turn arranged separately, it is installed without pre-filter in the safety and / or shelter wall, or it is dispensed with the explosion protection.

In view of the starting situation described above, the inventor has taken on the task of creating a ventilation system of the type mentioned, which is inexpensive to manufacture, easy to put into operation and operate, and is less prone to failure.

The object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Specific and further developing embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.

• je einem ausgebildeten Einbauelement der Gruppe bestehend aus Vorfilter/Explosionsschutzventil, Aktivkohlefilter und Doppelblasbalg, oder
• je zwei ausgebildeten Einbauelementen der Gruppe, bestehend aus Vofilter/Explosionsschutzventil, Aktivkohlefilter und Doppelblasbalg, oder
• drei Einbauelementen Vorfilter/Explosionsschutzventil, Aktivkohlefilter und Doppelblasbalg.

The present application may include ventilation systems with

• each a trained built-in element of the group consisting of pre-filter / explosion protection valve, activated carbon filter and Doppelblasbalg, or
• two trained built-in elements of the group, consisting of Vofilter / explosion protection valve, activated carbon filter and Doppelblasbalg, or
• three built-in elements pre-filter / explosion protection valve, activated carbon filter and double bellows.

The invention combined with the pre-filter and cooperating explosion protection valve is characterized in that an elastically compressible pre-filter mat between a fixed mounted plate with a first perforation and a displaceable in the direction of the stationary plate movable plate is supported. In normal operation, the outside air can easily pass through the two impact-resistant plates and the pre-filter mat. In a sudden overpressure, especially an explosion, the sliding plate is thrown with great force against the stationary plate and presses the pre-filter mat together. The first and second perforations are preferably formed so that the superposed plates do not allow air to pass. This can be done, for example, with staggered perforations, z. B. hole perforations can be achieved. Of course, any other perforation is suitable, for example, slots in the radial direction. When the explosion pressure subsides, the elastic pre-filter mat pushes the movable plate of the explosion protection valve back to its original position, the passage of air is ensured again.

The combined with the pre-filter and cooperating explosion protection valve protects not only the sensitive, downstream Schwebstofffilter from pressure, but also in the room people and things present. With the combined pre-filter / explosion protection valve and the housing of the ventilation system is protected when a sudden overpressure phase occurs without devastating, the entire installation unit destructive pressure wave. Above all, the closures and separation points are protected from the effects of explosions. The pressure reduction takes place in the stable, reinforced housing cover when air enters.

• eine erste Schicht und eine zweite Schicht, wobei jede Schicht spezifisch gegen chemische Kampfstoffe oder gegen Radionuklide wirksam ist, wobei die Schichten granalienförmig, pulverförmig oder als Festkörper in Form einer offenporigen Struktur ausgebildet sind, oder
• einen einschichtigen Aktivkohlefilter aus einem spezifisch gegen chemische gasförmige Schadstoffe und einem spezifisch gegen in die Atmosphäre ausgestossene Radionuklide wirksamen Granulat, Pulver oder offenporigem Substrat. Der Aktivkohlefilter kann scheibenförmig mit axialem Gasdurchfluss oder ringförmig mit radialem Gasdurchfluss von innen nach aussen oder von aussen nach innen ausgebildet sein.

A combined activated carbon filter basically includes

• a first layer and a second layer, each layer being specifically effective against chemical warfare agents or against radionuclides, the layers being granular, powdered or solid in the form of an open pore structure, or
• a single-layer activated carbon filter made of a specifically against chemical gaseous pollutants and a specific against expelled radionuclides radionuclide effective granules, powder or porous substrate. The activated carbon filter may be disc-shaped with axial gas flow or annular with radial gas flow from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside.

In any case, however, a Schwebstofffilter upstream, which separates the fine suspended matter, especially the aerosols of biological and chemical agents.

For use against biological and / or chemical threats, the activated carbon is impregnated in a manner known per se so that the pollutants are removed from the gas stream by adsorption, chemisorption or catalytic oxidation. In contrast, the activated carbon used for the use against threats with radioactive atmosphere is impregnated so that adsorption or ion exchange takes place. For example, so radioactive methyl iodide, which can be released in case of NPP accidents, removed from the gas flow.

As mentioned, it is always essential that a slight overpressure is maintained in a security and / or shelter space. This is normally done with a powered fan. In order to ensure a sufficient supply of safety and / or protection room occupants with breathing air, ie oxygen, and the removal of the used air, ie CO ₂ , in a power failure, which is often the case in war or disaster situations, is in the Usually an emergency operation for ventilation provided. The emergency operation serves as mentioned also in the shelter a slight overpressure to prevent the ingress of contaminated and / or contaminated air. Usually for emergency operation fans with emergency generators, batteries and by hand or with the feet driven transmission gear are provided. Next is the use of bellows known as emergency operation. The disadvantage of a bellows is that the air is supplied in bursts. This in turn has the consequence that at a prescribed minimum air flow per unit time for about 50% of the time twice the amount of air must be supplied. For the detoxification of contaminated air is the contact time, ie the time in which the air flows through the activated carbon, crucial. When operating with a bellows known type and the contact time is reduced in the gas filter at a given amount of air due to the shock loads to about 50%.

With the Doppelblasbalg this disadvantage is eliminated, with each movement for actuating the Doppelblasbalges air is sucked into a suction and one of the bilaterally arranged bellows-shaped air chambers is always filled with filter air, the other air chamber pushes air to the same extent in the security and / or shelter out. There is no interruption during the intake phase, as is the case with a conventional bellows.

In the simplest case, the double bellows is the only air pump. In general, however, the operation of a novel Doppelblasbalges only in an emergency is necessary if the electric power fails or a defect must be corrected. This can preferably be connected with a quick release to the air outlet of the ventilation system.

With the present invention, each ventilation system for ventilation and / or shelters can be improved significantly and individually in a simple manner. Depending on requirements, the three inventive elements pre-filter / explosion protection valve, combined activated carbon filter and Doppelblasbalg individually combined in two or all three combined to be installed, which allows a broad adaptive range of applications.

• Fig. 1 eine Belüftungsanlage mit elektrischem Ventilator,
• Fig. 2 einen Doppelblasbalg,
• Fig. 3 eine Belüftungsanlage mit angeschlossenem Doppelblasbalg
• Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf ein Vorfilter/Explosionsschutzventil, und
• Fig. 5 eine Variante von Fig. 4.

The invention is explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, which are also the subject of the dependent claims. They show schematically:

• Fig. 1 a ventilation system with electric fan,
• Fig. 2 a double bellows,
• Fig. 3 a ventilation system with a connected double bellows
• Fig. 4 a plan view of a pre-filter / explosion protection valve, and
• Fig. 5 a variant of Fig. 4 ,

A ventilation system 10 is mounted with an invisible bracket on an inner wall of a security and / or shelter 12. All essential functional components are in a two-part housing 14 with an air inlet 16 and an air outlet 18 with a quick release 20 for a Doppelblasbalg 52 (FIGS. Fig. 2 ) assembled. An attachable cover 17 is formed solidly reinforced relative to the underlying housing 14 and connected via a shutter, not shown, with this. At the air inlet 16, indicated by dashed lines, an air supply hose or tube 22 is connected and sealed by an O-ring 24. On the input side in the housing 14, a pre-filter in the form of a pre-filter mat 26 is installed, which is combined with an explosion protection valve 28 and cooperates with this. The elastically compressible pre-filter mat 26 rests on a stationary, ie firmly mounted plate 30 made of impact-resistant material, in particular steel, with a first perforation 32. On the pre-filter mat 26 is a corresponding movable plate 34 with a second perforation 36. This movable plate 34 is in Direction L, the longitudinal axis of the ventilation system 10, displaced without rotation movement. The interaction of the first and second perforations 32, 36 is in the 4 and 5 explained in more detail.

The explosion protection valve 28 serves to protect a downstream, commercially available particulate filter 38, which would be damaged without protection in an overpressure phase, especially in an explosion.

• Ein C-Filter 42 aus einer speziell imprägnierten Aktivkohle entfernt chemische Schadstoffe, insbesondere auch Kampfstoffe, durch Adsorption, Chemiesorption oder katalytische Oxidation.
• Ein ebenfalls scheibenförmiger N-Filter 44 entfernt durch Adsorption oder Ionenaustausch radioaktives Material, sogenannte Radionuklide. Bei einem KKW-Unfall würde radioaktives Methyljodid freigesetzt und durch den N-Filter 44 entfernt.

After the particulate filter 38, the air flows, as characterized by arrows, in the axial direction on through an activated carbon filter 40, which in the present case consists of two disc-shaped filter parts with open-pore solid-state structure:

• A C-filter 42 of a specially impregnated activated carbon removes chemical pollutants, in particular warfare agents, by adsorption, chemisorption or catalytic oxidation.
• A likewise disk-shaped N-filter 44 removes radioactive material, so-called radionuclides, by adsorption or ion exchange. In a nuclear accident, radioactive methyl iodide would be released and removed by the N-filter 44.

In the lower part of the housing, a fan 46 with an electric motor 48 and a muffler 50 is arranged. The sucked in by the fan 46 outside air flows, as indicated by arrows, through the air inlet 16, the explosion protection valve 28 with the pre-filter 26, the particulate filter 38 and the activated carbon filter 40, always in a substantially axial direction, and is through the muffler 50 to the air outlet 18 passed with a quick release 20 in the security and / or shelter 12.

A Doppelblasbalg according Fig. 2 essentially comprises one at the air outlet 18 ( Fig. 1 ) via the quick release 20 flanged suction chamber 56 and two air chambers 58, 60, which form a double-acting air pump.

In the event of a power failure or a malfunction of the fan 46 with an electric motor 48, an air pump designed as a double bellows 52 can be attached via the quick-acting closure 20 in a few steps. This is enough Supplying the safety and protection room occupants with breathing air (oxygen) and the discharge of the used air (CO ₂ ) guaranteed. The Doppelblasbalg 52 can be operated by pulling and poking on a handle 54. Of course, the handle 54 may be formed as a foot pedal, so that the pump operation can be maintained with the much stronger legs.

The suction chamber 56 is via an air inlet nozzle 62 on the quick release 20 ( Fig. 1 ) and sealed with an O-ring 64. Further, the suction chamber 56 each comprises a suction valve 66, 68, which open for the inflow of filter air into the relevant air chamber 58, 60. Finally, the suction chamber 56 is traversed by a guide sleeve 70 extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis L for an actuating rod 72 connected to the operating handle 54 for the enlargement and reduction of the air chambers 58, 60.

On the outer end face, each air chamber 58, 60 has an outlet valve 74, 76.

For emergency operation of the ventilation system 10, in which after the flanging the Doppelblasbalg 52 is integrated, the operating handle 54 is first pulled in the direction of arrow 78. In the increasing air chamber 58 creates a negative pressure, the exhaust valve 74 remains closed, the intake valve 66 is opened, thereby creating in the suction chamber 56 and in the ventilation system 10 also a negative pressure. Outside air is sucked into the ventilation system 10, although the fan 46 is not in operation. At the same time arises when pulling the operating handle 54 in the air chamber 60, an overpressure whose filter air is discharged via the outlet valve 76 in the security and / or shelter 12. The suction valve 68 is closed because of the negative pressure in the suction chamber 56.

In a reversal of movement, ie the poking on the operating handle 54, in Direction of the arrow 80 in Fig. 3 A negative pressure arises in the air chamber 60, the exhaust valve 76 closes, the intake valve 68 opens. This results in turn in the suction chamber 56, a negative pressure, the suction of outside air takes place as when pulling on the operating handle 54. In the air chamber 58 creates an overpressure, the intake valve 66 closes, the exhaust valve 74 opens, the filter air can in the safety and / or Protective space 12 exit. The double bellows 52 according to Fig. 2 and 3 has optimal efficiency and pushes the regular back and forth moving the operating handle 54 continuously filter air.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 3 is - unlike Fig. 1 - No fan 46 with electric motor intended for continuous operation. The ventilation system 10 is operated exclusively manually, thus corresponds to the emergency operation according to Fig. 1 ,

In the area of the Schwebstofffilters 38 and the activated carbon filter 40, the air flow according to Fig. 3 radially, after the pre-filter / explosion protection valve 26, 28 enters the air to be cleaned in a central channel 82 and flows through the first Schwebstofffilter 38, then the likewise annular activated carbon filter 40 and exits into a peripheral annular channel 84. The collected filter air enters, as indicated by arrows, in a deflection chamber 86 and is sucked by Doppelblasbalg 52.

The particulate filter 38 and the activated carbon filter 40 are according to Fig. 3 supported by air-permeable partitions 88. The activated carbon filter 40 is filled in as a granular mixture, which simultaneously acts as a C-filter 42 and as an N-filter 44.

A plan view of the movable plate 34 of an explosion protection filter according to Fig. 4 shows a second perforation 36 with circular holes, which are arranged regularly. Through these holes, the pre-filter mat 26 is visible, which between the plate 34 and the same sized fixed mounted plate 30 ( Fig. 1 . 3 ) of the explosion protection valve 28. The first perforation 32 of the plate 30 is indicated by dashed lines. Out Fig. 4 It can also be seen that the plates 30, 34 are rotated by 30 °. If the pre-filter mat 26, the two plates, as in Fig. 1 and 3 shown holding at a distance, the air can easily pass through the first and second perforations 32, 36. If, in an overpressure phase, in particular an explosion, the movable plate 34 is pressed onto the underlying fixed plate 30, no more air can pass, because the perforations 32, 36 are not congruent without rotation.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 5 For example, the first and second perforations 32, 36 are formed as slits in the radial direction. The function as explosion protection filter corresponds Fig. 4 ,

Claims (10)

1. Ventilation system (10) for NBC protection of at least one closed safety and/or protective area (12) with a continuous slight overpressure, which ventilation system (10) essentially comprises an air inlet (16) and an air outlet (18), an explosion protection valve (28), an input filter (26), a suspended-matter filter (38), an activated charcoal filter (40) and an air pump(52) for sucking in the air to be cleaned and for distributing the cleaned air,
   characterized in that
   the ventilation system (10) has an explosion protection valve (28), which is combined with and interacts with the input filter (26), and an impact-resistant plate (30) which is permanently mounted in front of the suspended-matter filter (38) and has a first perforation (32), an input-filter mat (26) which is held upstream of this stationary plate (30) and can be compressed elastically, and a moving plate (34), which can be moved in the direction (L) of the stationary plate (30) and has a second perforation (36).
2. Ventilation system (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first and the second perforations (32, 36) in the explosion protection valve (28) are not coincident, and form an air seal, when they are knocked together as a result of an explosion.
3. Ventilation system (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the explosion protection valve (28), which is combined with the input filter (26), is held in a housing cover (17) which is stronger than the rest of the housing (14).
4. Ventilation system (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the explosion protection valve (28), which is combined with the input filter (26), is integrated in a housing (14) of an autonomous built-in unit in the area interior.
5. Ventilation system (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a combined activated charcoal filter (40) is composed of activated charcoal which is specifically effective against biological and/or chemical hazardous substances on the one hand and against radio-nuclides on the other hand, and has a first layer (42) as a C filter and a second layer (44) as an N filter, wherein each layer (42, 44) is preferably specifically effective against chemical agents or against radio-nuclides in any desired sequence.
6. Ventilation system (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the activated charcoal filter (40) has a multifunctional layer composed of activated charcoal which is specifically effective against chemical gaseous hazardous substances and is specifically effective against radio-nuclides ejected into the atmosphere.
7. Ventilation system (10) according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the layers (40, 42, 44) are in the form of grains, powder or an open-pore structure.
8. Ventilation system (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the suspended-matter filter (38) and the activated charcoal filter (40) are in the form of discs with an axial flow direction, or are annular with a radial flow direction.
9. Ventilation system (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an electrically powered fan (46), also fitted with a silencer (50), is used to feed air during normal operation, and the double-acting bellows (52) can be flange-connected in the event of a flow failure or defect.
10. Ventilation system (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the air pump is in the form of a double-acting bellows (52), wherein an induction chamber (56), which is fitted to the housing (14) and has an air inlet connecting stub (62) for filtered air, preferably has two variable air chambers (58, 60), which are arranged at the end and respectively have an induction valve (66, 68) and an outlet valve (74, 76) for alternate operation, and a control handle (54) for the double-acting bellows (52).

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