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EP1606989B1 - Machine de récolte de légumes à feuilles en bouquet - Google Patents

Machine de récolte de légumes à feuilles en bouquet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1606989B1
EP1606989B1 EP05105305A EP05105305A EP1606989B1 EP 1606989 B1 EP1606989 B1 EP 1606989B1 EP 05105305 A EP05105305 A EP 05105305A EP 05105305 A EP05105305 A EP 05105305A EP 1606989 B1 EP1606989 B1 EP 1606989B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
harvesting machine
harvesting
machine
disposed
belt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP05105305A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1606989A1 (fr
Inventor
Tiziano Piva
Alberto Piva
Nicola Gallo
Emanuela Gallo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PIVA, TIZIANO EN PIVA, ALBERTO EN GALLO, NICOLA EN
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1606989A1 publication Critical patent/EP1606989A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1606989B1 publication Critical patent/EP1606989B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/26—Harvesting of standing crops of cabbage or lettuce
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/28—Harvesting of standing crops of spinach

Definitions

  • the present invention is about a harvesting machine suitable in particular to be used for harvesting tuft vegetables.
  • tuft leaf vegetables with small and enveloped leaves like for example valerian, spinach, Chinese cabbage, lettuce and others, consists of cutting each single plant at the root, below the collar, to maintain the leaves joined together.
  • the harvested vegetables are then manually disposed inside containers, like for example boxes or bags, in order to be marketed.
  • All the harvesting machines belonging to the prior art substantially consist of a bearing structure mounted on wheels or moved by agricultural vehicles, provided with a front mowing assembly comprising a mowing blade orthogonally disposed with respect to the advancement direction of the machine.
  • a conveying surface, loop-wound and connected to mechanisms able to put it in rotation, is present downstream the mowing assembly, said conveying surface consisting of a plurality of combs disposed parallel to each other, able to pick up the vegetables cut downstream the mowing assembly and to convey them to an unloading area located on said bearing structure.
  • Each comb has the body consisting of a flat and rigid section bar, whose ends are connected to the aforementioned mechanisms of the conveying surface through coupling means of known per se type.
  • a plurality of substantially L shaped rigid teeth whose smaller side is connected to the comb body while the greater side protrudes from the body, is coupled with the body of each comb.
  • the mechanisms comprise a pair of chains, each of them being loop-wound around rolling means supported by the bearing structure of the machine and comprising a guiding plate disposed at the loading area of the conveying surface and toothed wheels engaging with the chains disposed at the unloading area.
  • the mowing blade is brought near to the soil at the cutting point which, according to the type of the vegetable to be harvested, can be above or below the soil level.
  • the seedlings are picked up through the rigid teeth of each comb of the conveying surface which vertically lifts by rotation said seedlings, placing them in the spaces defined between the teeth and conveying them in the unloading area of the bearing structure.
  • the seedlings are conveyed from the loading area, downstream the mowing assembly, to the unloading area, being maintained in a vertical position in order to allow the earth to be detached and to fall downward, thus making easier the work of the operator who picks them up from the conveying surface and puts them in proper containers.
  • a first inconvenience is due to the risk of accident for the operator who picks up the seedlings from the conveying surface when this operation is performed with said surface in motion.
  • the conveying surface consists of a plurality of flat and rigid section bars, generally made of metallic material, mutually spaced and connected to two chains that allow their movement.
  • a further inconvenience, related to the preceding one, is due to the need to replace, with a certain frequency, the chains actuating the combs, because of the strong wear due to the presence of sand and earth they undergo during the harvesting machine normal operation.
  • the present invention intends to eliminate the aforementioned inconveniences. It is a first object of the invention to provide for a harvesting machine for vegetables in which the vegetables can be picked up from the conveying surface in an easy way and without safety risks for the operator employed on such operation, while the conveying surface is maintained in motion.
  • a conveying surface consisting of a loop-wound belt makes safer to directly pick up the seedlings from the belt, preventing the operator's fingers to remain trapped between the combs, as happens in the cited known embodiments.
  • the presence of the conveying belt loop-wound around rotation means does not require the presence of particularly wearable mechanisms, as happens instead for the chains applied to the cited known embodiments.
  • the presence of combs made of laminar bodies provided with flexible teeth makes safer to pick up the seedlings from the conveying surface, preventing that the operator is injured by the comb teeth, as happens in the cited known embodiments in which the teeth coupled with the section bars are rigid and not flexible.
  • the harvesting machine for vegetables of the invention comprises a bearing structure 2 mounted on rolling means 3, 4, wherein a mowing assembly 5, aligned in a substantially horizontal direction, orthogonal to the advancement direction 6 of the machine 1, is disposed in the front part of said bearing structure.
  • the harvesting machine 1 is furthermore provided with a conveying surface 7 consisting of a plurality of combs 8 disposed parallel to each other, able to pick up the material P cut downstream the mowing assembly 5 and to convey it to an unloading area 9 disposed on the bearing structure 2.
  • the conveying surface 7 comprises a belt 10 loop-wound around rotation means 11, 12, wherein each of the combs 8 is made of a plurality of mainly longitudinally developed flexible laminar bodies 13, transversally disposed with respect to the belt 10.
  • the laminar bodies 13 have on their length an edge 13a transversally fastened to the belt 10 through proper fastening means 14 consisting of heat seals, and the edge 13b, opposite to the edge 13a, provided with a plurality of harvesting teeth 15.
  • the laminar bodies could be fastened to the belt surface also by stitches, adhesives or with other means of known per se type.
  • the different flexible laminar bodies 13 are coupled with the surface of the belt 10 in a transverse direction with respect to the advancement direction 16, said bodies being disposed substantially parallel to each other.
  • Each laminar body 13 could be extended for the entire width of the belt 10 or, alternatively, a number of bodies disposed side by side could be disposed according to the transverse direction of the belt 10.
  • each flexible laminar body 13 Concerning the harvesting teeth 15 coupled with the free edge 13b of each flexible laminar body 13, they are disposed spaced to each other along a single row 17, as shown in Figure 3, or disposed staggered on more rows 18, as shown in Figure 4.
  • Each tooth 15 is coupled with the laminar body 13 through connection means 19, shown in Figure 7, consisting of shaped profiles 20 able to be snap fitted in a hole 21 obtained on said laminar body 13.
  • connection means of each tooth to the laminar body are of screw-nut/screw type and/or other systems known per se.
  • the harvesting teeth 15 are made of rubber, but they could be made of plastic or metallic material in other embodiments of the machine of the invention, according to the kind of soil and product to be harvested.
  • the conveying belt 10 it is loop-wound around the above-mentioned rotation means consisting of a driving drum 11 and a return drum 12, the driving drum 11 being actuated, through mechanical transmission means 22, by the same driving unit 23 which allows the advancement of the harvesting machine 1 .
  • the conveying surface could be actuated by an independent motor, preferably but not necessarily a hydraulic motor, thus operating independently from the advancement speed of the machine.
  • the flexible laminar bodies 13, which form the harvesting combs 8 and the belt 10 of the conveying surface 7, are generally made of a cloth covered with a synthetic material or of a mesh, to better drain the water and earth harvested with the vegetables P.
  • the mowing assembly 5 consisting of a mowing blade 24 coupled with driving means 25 able to give it an alternate movement, is disposed on the front part of the machine.
  • the mowing assembly could consist of a belt saw whose blade is disposed in a substantially horizontal direction, orthogonal to the advancement direction of the harvesting machine.
  • the mowing assembly could consist of a plurality of rotating disc saws of known per se type, actuated by one or more hydraulic or electric motors able to give a continuous rotary or reciprocating movement to each saw disc.
  • the rotating disc profile could be smooth or provided with cutting teeth.
  • the rolling means 3, 4 coupled with the bearing structure 2 they consist of tired wheels for the advancement of the machine 1 on the harvesting soil T, wherein the front wheels 4 are coupled, through transmission means, to a driving unit 23 consisting of an internal combustion engine able to make the machine 1 self-propelled, while the rear wheels 3 are able to steer to allow the machine 1 to easily move on the soil T.
  • the rolling means could also consist of tracks, able to improve the machine grip on the soil, especially in case of rugged and steep lands.
  • the machine of the invention could be provided without the driving unit, being connected in this case, through proper connection means, to an agricultural vehicle suitable for moving it on the harvesting soil.
  • control means 26 for example of joystick 27 type, arranged on a console 28 coupled with the bearing structure 2 of the machine 1.
  • the bearing structure 2 supports an auxiliary frame 29, overhanging on the front part of the machine 1 with respect to the advancement direction of said machine, indicated by the arrow 6.
  • the auxiliary frame 29, supporting the aforementioned conveying surface 7 and mowing assembly 5, is joined to the bearing structure 2 of the machine 1 through a driving unit 30, able to move said frame to keep constant the position of the mowing assembly 5 with respect to the material P to be cut according to the morphology of the soil T.
  • the driving unit 30 comprises actuation means 31, 32, preferably but not necessarily consisting of hydraulic actuators interposed between the bearing structure 2 and the auxiliary frame 29 and feeler means 33 disposed in contact with the soil T to detect its morphology.
  • the actuation means 31, 32 and the feeler means 33 are mutually connected through a transducer group 34, able to convert the displacement signal detected by the feeler means 33 in contact with the soil T into an electric control signal for the actuation means 31, 32 of the auxiliary frame 29, to which the conveying surface 7 and the mowing assembly 5 are joined.
  • the auxiliary frame 29 can be displaced with respect to the bearing structure 2, in order to maintain constant the position of the mowing blade 24 with respect to the product P to be harvested according to the morphology of the soil T.
  • the variation of the morphology of the soil T is detected through the feeler means 33 disposed on the front part of the auxiliary frame 29, downstream the mowing assembly 5.
  • the feeler means could also be disposed upstream the mowing assembly, to anticipate the detection of the soil morphology variations and to properly provide for the correction of the mowing assembly position.
  • the feeler means 33 consist of a bent rod 35, having an end 35a suitable to be put in contact with the soil T, while the opposite end 35b is hinged to a supporting bracket 36 coupled with the auxiliary frame 29 through adjustment means 37 able to change the distance of said feeler means from the frame 29 in order to modify the position of the mowing blade 24 with respect to the product P to be cut.
  • Each feeler rod 35 is mechanically connected to a detection rod 38, it too hinged on the same axis 39 of the feeler rod 35, whose end 38a is disposed between two photoelectric cells 40, 41.
  • the displacement of the feeler rod 35, in contact with the soil T during the advancement of the machine 1, causes the detection rod 38 to be displaced and disposed facing the front 41 or the rear 40 photoelectric cell, according to whether the machine 1 runs into a rise or a depression.
  • the detection rod end 38a When the detection rod end 38a is disposed in front of the photoelectric cell 40, 41, it sends an electric control signal to the driving means of the linear hydraulic actuators 31, 32, which lower or raise the auxiliary frame 29 to adapt the position of the mowing blade 24 to the morphology of the soil T.
  • the machine 1 of the invention is furthermore provided with control means 42 able to set the response speed of the actuator means 31, 32 of the auxiliary frame 29 to the controls received by the feeler means 33 through each transducer group 34.
  • said control means 42 allow to delay the response of the actuator means 31, 32 of the auxiliary frame 29 when the soil T is particularly uneven, to avoid the continuous bouncing of the machine 1 during the advancement.
  • the mowing blade 24 penetrates in the soil T for a variable depth, according to the product P to be harvested.
  • the reciprocating motion of the mowing blade 24, as the machine 1 is moving forward, provides for cutting the root of the seedlings P below the soil level, at the collar C of said seedlings, to maintain the leaves joined together.
  • the seedlings P are harvested through the teeth 15 of each comb 8 of the conveying surface 7, said teeth, by their rotation, vertically lifting the seedling P and allowing it to be positioned in the spaces defined between the combs 8.
  • the lifting motion of the seedlings P performed by the laminar bodies 13 takes place when the belt 10 is at the return drum 12 which has, as one can see in Figure 5, a smaller diameter with respect to the thickness of the laminar body 13.
  • the seedlings P are conveyed from the conveying surface 7 to the rear unloading area 9, located on the bearing structure 2 of the machine 1, where the operators pick them up and put them in proper containers.
  • the operators manually pick up the seedlings P from the conveying surface 7 in motion.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)

Claims (33)

  1. Une ramasseuse (1) pour produits horticoles, comprenant:
    - une structure de support (2) assemblée sur des moyens de roulement (3, 4);
    - un groupe de fauchage (5) disposé dans la partie avant de ladite structure de support (2), aligné dans une direction essentiellement horizontale, orthogonale à la direction d'avance (6) de ladite ramasseuse (1);
    - une surface de transport (7) constituée d'une pluralité de peignes (8) situés l'un parallèle à l'autre en mesure de ramasser le matériel (P) coupé en aval dudit groupe de fauchage (5) et de le transporter vers une zone de déchargement (9) disposée sur ladite structure de support (2),
    caractérisée en ce que ladite surface de transport (7) comprend au moins une courroie (10) enroulée en anneau parmi lesdits moyens de rotation (11, 12) où chacun desdits peignes (8) este constitué par une pluralité de corps laminaires flexibles (13) développés principalement d'une manière longitudinale, disposés transversalement par rapport à ladite courroie (10), lesdits corps laminaires (13) ayant un bord (13a) présent sur leur longueur fixé à ladite courroie (10) et le bord opposé (13b) étant muni d'une pluralité de dents de ramassage (15).
  2. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que lesdites dents de ramassage (15) sont espacées l'une de l'autre le long d'une ou plusieurs rangées (17, 18) sur ledit bord libre (13b) de chacun desdits corps laminaires (13).
  3. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que lesdits corps laminaires flexibles (13) sont fixés à la surface de ladite courroie transporteuse (10) par des moyens de fixation (14).
  4. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 3) caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de fixation (14) sont constitués de thermoscellages.
  5. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 3) caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de fixation sont constitués de colles.
  6. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 3) caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de fixation sont constitués de coutures.
  7. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que lesdites dents de ramassage (15) sont accouplées avec lesdits corps laminaires (13) par des moyens de connexion (19).
  8. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 7) caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de connexion sont du type vis - écrou.
  9. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 7) caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de connexion (19) sont constitués de profils façonnés (20) à encastrement.
  10. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que lesdits corps laminaires flexibles (13) comprennent un tissu revêtu de matériel synthétique.
  11. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que lesdites dents de ramassage sont réalisées en matériel métallique.
  12. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que lesdites dents de ramassage sont réalisées en matériel plastique.
  13. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que lesdites dents de ramassage (15) sont réalisées en caoutchouc.
  14. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de rotation (11, 12) comprennent un ou plusieurs tambours.
  15. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 14) caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un desdits tambours est motorisé.
  16. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de rotation (11, 12) comprennent au moins un tambour de retour.
  17. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que ladite courroie transporteuse (10) comprend un tissu revêtu de matériel synthétique.
  18. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que ladite courroie transporteuse consiste d'un grillage.
  19. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que ladite surface de transport (7) est accouplée avec un châssis auxiliaire (29) soutenu par ladite structure de support (2) et équipé d'une unité d'actionnement (30) apte à déplacer ledit châssis auxiliaire (29) pour maintenir constante la position dudit groupe de fauchage (5) par rapport au matériel (P) à couper, selon la morphologie du terrain (T), ladite unité d'actionnement (30) comprenant des moyens tâteurs (33) mis en contact avec le terrain (T) indiqués pour détecter sa morphologie et des moyens actionneurs (31, 32) accouplés avec ladite structure de support (2), reliés entre eux au moyen d'un groupe transducteur (34) apte à convertir le signal de déplacement détecté par lesdits moyens tâteurs (33) en un signal de contrôle électrique pour lesdits moyens actionneurs (31, 32).
  20. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 19) caractérisée en ce que ledit groupe transducteur (34) comprend au moins une paire de cellules photoélectriques (40, 41) reliées électriquement à des moyens d'actionnement desdits moyens actionneurs (31, 32) qui coopèrent avec une barre de détection mobile (38) disposée entre lesdites cellules photoélectriques (40, 41) et reliée mécaniquement auxidits moyens tâteurs (33).
  21. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 19) caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens tâteurs (33) sont reliés audit châssis auxiliaire (29) par des moyens de réglage (37) aptes à changer la distance desdits moyens tâteurs (33) dudit châssis auxiliaire (29) pour modifier la position dudit groupe de fauchage (5) par rapport audit produit (P) à couper.
  22. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que ledit groupe de fauchage (5) comprend une lame de fauchage (24) équipée de moyens d'actionnement (25) aptes à exercer sur celle-ci un mouvement alternatif.
  23. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que ledit groupe de fauchage comprend une scie à ruban actionnée par un moteur hydraulique.
  24. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que ledit groupe de fauchage comprend une pluralité de scies à disque tournant.
  25. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 24) caractérisée en ce que lesdites scies à disque tournant sont actionnées par des moteurs hydrauliques.
  26. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 24) caractérisée en ce que lesdites scies à disque tournant sont actionnées par des moteurs électriques.
  27. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que lesits moyens de roulement (3, 4) consistent de roues à bandage.
  28. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que ledits moyens de roulement consistent de chenilles.
  29. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce qu'elle est dotée d'une unité d'actionnement (23) accouplée avec ledits moyens de roulement (3, 4), indiquée pour rendre ladite ramasseuse (1) automotrice.
  30. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce que ladite courroie transporteuse (10) est actionnée par un moteur hydraulique.
  31. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 1) caractérisée en ce qu'elle est dotée de moyens de transmission (22) indiqués pour tansmettre le mouvement de ladite courroie transporteuse (10) auxdits moyens de roulement (3, 4) pour synchroniser la vitesse d'enroulement de ladite courroie (10) avec la vitesse d'avancement de ladite ramasseuse (1 ).
  32. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 19) caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens tâteurs (33) sont disposés en aval dudit groupe de fauchage (5).
  33. La ramasseuse (1) selon la revendication 19) caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens tâteurs sont disposés en amont dudit groupe de fauchage.
EP05105305A 2004-06-17 2005-06-16 Machine de récolte de légumes à feuilles en bouquet Expired - Lifetime EP1606989B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000148A ITVI20040148A1 (it) 2004-06-17 2004-06-17 Macchina raccoglitrice per prodotti orticoli a cespo
ITVI20040148 2004-06-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1606989A1 EP1606989A1 (fr) 2005-12-21
EP1606989B1 true EP1606989B1 (fr) 2007-10-31

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05105305A Expired - Lifetime EP1606989B1 (fr) 2004-06-17 2005-06-16 Machine de récolte de légumes à feuilles en bouquet

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1606989B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE376765T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602005003060T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2296079T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITVI20040148A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106818041A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2017-06-13 惠民县新东方现代农业有限责任公司 一种蔬菜收割机
CN106888676B (zh) * 2017-04-12 2023-05-09 泰州携创农业装备有限公司 用于叶菜类蔬菜的收割机
IT201800001654A1 (it) * 2018-01-23 2019-07-23 De Pietri S R L Macchina agricola per la raccolta di ortaggi
CN109964619A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-05 天津大学 一种智能遥控式韭菜收割捆扎机
CN110313300B (zh) * 2019-06-30 2024-08-23 沈阳农业大学 一种小型自走式蓖麻收获机
CN114982467A (zh) * 2022-06-14 2022-09-02 南通省力机电科技有限责任公司 一种乘坐式电动叶菜收获机
CN118633424B (zh) * 2024-06-07 2025-06-27 邵阳学院 一种智能莴笋去叶收割机

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1403361A (en) * 1971-10-06 1975-08-28 Poutsma T Machine to separate pods or similar discrete fruit from its associate vine or plant
US5846129A (en) * 1997-01-23 1998-12-08 Dragt; Steve Apparatus and method for separating produce from their vines
SE509709C2 (sv) * 1997-08-26 1999-03-01 Procordia Food Ab Anordning för skörd av trädgårdsprodukter
US6820404B1 (en) * 2002-03-07 2004-11-23 Jerome A. Schwab Crop lifter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2296079T3 (es) 2008-04-16
DE602005003060T2 (de) 2008-08-21
ITVI20040148A1 (it) 2004-09-17
ATE376765T1 (de) 2007-11-15
EP1606989A1 (fr) 2005-12-21
DE602005003060D1 (de) 2007-12-13

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