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EP1698733A1 - Sheet pile wall - Google Patents

Sheet pile wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1698733A1
EP1698733A1 EP05002205A EP05002205A EP1698733A1 EP 1698733 A1 EP1698733 A1 EP 1698733A1 EP 05002205 A EP05002205 A EP 05002205A EP 05002205 A EP05002205 A EP 05002205A EP 1698733 A1 EP1698733 A1 EP 1698733A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet pile
lock
elements
pile wall
wall according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05002205A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1698733B1 (en
Inventor
Richard Heindl
Rob R. Wendt
Georg Wall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Steelwall Ish GmbH
Original Assignee
PilePro LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=34933568&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1698733(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by PilePro LLC filed Critical PilePro LLC
Priority to DE502005010168T priority Critical patent/DE502005010168D1/en
Priority to AT05002205T priority patent/ATE479798T1/en
Priority to EP05002205A priority patent/EP1698733B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2006/000879 priority patent/WO2006082040A1/en
Priority to EA200701637A priority patent/EA016081B1/en
Priority to CA002596647A priority patent/CA2596647A1/en
Priority to MX2007009315A priority patent/MX2007009315A/en
Priority to CN200680009749.6A priority patent/CN101146960B/en
Priority to BRPI0606559-7A priority patent/BRPI0606559A2/en
Priority to US11/346,013 priority patent/US7387471B2/en
Publication of EP1698733A1 publication Critical patent/EP1698733A1/en
Publication of EP1698733B1 publication Critical patent/EP1698733B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
    • E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
    • E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
    • E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
    • E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel
    • E02D5/06—Fitted piles or other elements specially adapted for closing gaps between two sheet piles or between two walls of sheet piles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combination sheet pile wall according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Combi sheet pile walls of the type mentioned are known from DE 297 18 052 U1, EP 0 072 118 A1 or DE 103 8 769 A1 and are, for example, for shore protection in ports and rivers or for the support of slopes, for the establishment used by quay walls and the like.
  • the known combination sheet pile walls are formed from support elements, such as double T-beams, and these interconnecting directly connecting profiles, which should ensure an at least approximately watertight connection between the support elements.
  • the connection profiles are for this purpose equipped with lock elements which are in engagement with correspondingly formed lock elements on the support elements.
  • At least one sheet pile also called filler pile
  • filler pile is positioned between each two adjacent support elements, whereby the number of carrier elements to be used, which are decisively responsible for the resistance moment of the combination sheet pile wall , can be reduced.
  • the sheet piles are coupled together at their longitudinal edges by lock elements, such as hook or claw strips, while the sheet piles immediately adjacent to the carrier elements are connected by the connecting profiles with the support elements.
  • the connection profiles are also equipped with corresponding lock elements for this purpose.
  • combi-sheetpiles are used in which the lock elements allow large swivel angle, there is the problem that the support elements and sheet piles dodge when driving into the ground and move from their predetermined positions, so that an exact positioning of the combi-sheet pile wall is difficult.
  • the support elements are interconnected by connecting profiles whose lock elements are designed on the one hand so that a minimum pivoting of the support element is ensured with its lock element in the lock element of the connection profile in an angular range of ⁇ 3 °. This ensures that any relative movements the support elements can be balanced with each other during ramming, whereby a jumping out or loosening the mutually engaged lock elements of the connection profile and the support member or damage to the locks is effectively prevented.
  • the lock elements are designed so that a maximum allowable pivoting range of ⁇ 10 ° is predetermined, to which a relative movement of the mutually engaged lock elements of the connection profile and the support element is still allowed, so that in this way the desired, relatively accurate positioning of the combi -Bundboard is still guaranteed.
  • the pivotability of the interlocking lock elements is limited as soon as the lock elements come into contact with each other at at least two points of contact or lines of contact.
  • the permissible angle range in which the support member and standing with this engaged connection profile can be pivoted to each other to a maximum allowable angle of ⁇ 7 ° limit, while a minimum pivoting of at least ⁇ 3 ° still remains.
  • connection profile is used with so-called lobe carriers, ie double T-beams, in which a respective wedge-shaped holding section is provided at the ends of the T-beams.
  • the connecting profile as a lock element preferably has two in cross-section projecting from a central strip retaining strips, between which the carrier element with the wedge-shaped in cross-section holding portion is to introduce the first of the retaining strips this approximately at right angles from the middle strip of the Connection profile, while the second of the retaining strips projecting in the direction of the first retaining strip at an angle inclined from the central strip.
  • the distance and the course of the retaining strips to the cross-sectional shape of the wedge-shaped holding portion of the support element are designed so that the connection profile relative to the support element in an angular range of ⁇ 3 ° to ⁇ 10 °, preferably in an angular range of ⁇ 3 ° to ⁇ 7 ° pivot is.
  • the connecting profile preferably has two in cross-section protruding from a central strip, at least approximately parallel to each other retaining strips, between which Carrier element is introduced with its approximately rectangular cross-section holding portion.
  • a second lock element which engages with a formed on the sheet pile lock element.
  • the interlocking lock elements of the connection profile and the sheet pile are viewed in cross-section preferably designed such that the two lock elements in an angular range of at least ⁇ 3 ° to a maximum of ⁇ 10 °, preferably in an angular range of at least ⁇ 3 ° to a maximum of ⁇ 7 ° to each other are pivotable.
  • connection profiles for connecting the sheet piles to the support elements which are provided with a extending over the entire length of the connection profile C-shaped claw bar.
  • the C-shaped design of the claw bar of the connecting element ensures a secure hold of the claw bar engaging in the lock element of the sheet pile, for example a cross-sectionally oval head strip.
  • the lock element of the sheet pile is introduced axially when driving into the claw bar, wherein the lock element itself is partially surrounded by the claw bar, while the C-shaped design of the claw bar simultaneously allows the desired pivoting of the lock element of the sheet pile in the claw bar.
  • a sheet pile wall, in which the lock element is designed as a cross-sectionally C-shaped claw, are connected to the adjacent support elements preferably a connecting profile is used, which has a cross-sectionally oval header, in the cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip trained lock element of the sheet pile can be used.
  • a connecting profile which has a cross-sectionally oval header, in the cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip trained lock element of the sheet pile
  • connection profile The two basic forms described above for the lock elements of the connection profile represent only possible design forms.
  • the lock elements of the connection profile can have other cross-sectional shapes, provided the limited pivotability of the lock element of the support element or the lock element of the sheet piling is ensured in the respective lock element of the connection profile.
  • At least two sheet piles adjacently arranged next to one another can be connected to one another by a middle sliding lock, wherein the middle slide lock is provided with two lock elements which engage with lock elements which are complementary to these and which are provided on the two sheet piles.
  • the middle slide lock is provided with two lock elements which engage with lock elements which are complementary to these and which are provided on the two sheet piles.
  • the middle slide lock is preferably designed so that the lock elements of the middle slide lock and the lock elements of the two interconnected sheet piles, each engaging with each other, each in an angular range of at least ⁇ 3 ° to a maximum of ⁇ 10 °, more preferably in an angular range of at least ⁇ 3 ° to a maximum of ⁇ 7 °, are mutually pivotable.
  • the Mittelgleitsch in a particularly preferred development pointing in two opposite directions, seen in cross-section approximately C-shaped claw strips, in which the sheet piles can be hung with their lock elements.
  • the middle slide lock In order to additionally support the sheet pile wall in the region of the middle slide lock, it is further proposed to provide an additional connection strip on the middle slide lock, to which suitable support elements, such as additional T beams, can be connected to the combination sheet pile wall.
  • suitable support elements such as additional T beams
  • Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a first embodiment of a wall portion of a combi-sheet pile wall according to the invention 10.
  • the combination sheet pile wall 10 is formed in the present case of two mutually spaced lobe beams 12, between the two Z-shaped sheet piles 14 are used. Instead of the two coupled Z-shaped sheet piles 14, for example Also a single U-shaped sheet pile are used.
  • a connection profile 16 is arranged, on which the lobe support 12 is suspended with one end of one of its two T-beams 18 and the sheet pile 14 with one of its longitudinal edges.
  • the other two longitudinal edges of the sheet piles 14 are mounted on a common middle sliding lock 20.
  • Both the connection profile 16 and the center slide lock 20 have a constant cross-sectional shape when viewed in cross section and are adapted in their lengths to the lengths of the lobe supports 12 and the sheet piles 14.
  • FIG. 2 a section of the combi-sheet pile wall 10 is shown in an enlarged view, in which the lobe carrier 12 shown on the left in Fig. 1 12 with the sheet pile 14 connecting connecting section 16 is shown.
  • the connecting profile 16 has a central strip 22, one end of which projects a first retaining strip 24 at right angles. From the other end of the central strip 22 is in the same direction from a second retaining strip 26 from which extends at an angle of approximately 45 ° inclined in the direction of the first retaining strip 24 and ends at about the same height with this.
  • a triangular in cross-section receiving channel 28 is formed, which is on its side facing away from the central strip 22, tapered side open.
  • the one end of the T-bar 18 of the club carrier 12 is inserted into the receiving channel 28, the one end of the T-bar 18 of the club carrier 12 is inserted.
  • the end of the T-bar 18 is viewed in cross section to a wedge-shaped holding portion 30 extended.
  • the receiving channel 28 and the holding portion 30 are dimensioned so that the connecting profile 16 in an angular range ⁇ of at least ⁇ 3 ° and an angular range of a maximum of ⁇ 7 ° relative to the T-bar 16 is pivotally, as indicated in Fig. 2.
  • the pivotal movement ends as soon as the holding section 30 abuts in the receiving channel 28 with its outer contour on at least two lines of contact on the inner contour of the receiving channel 28.
  • a neck strip 32 from at right angles at the end of a cross-sectionally oval header 34 is formed.
  • the oval head strip 34 is received in a cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip 36, which is formed at one end of the sheet pile 14.
  • the head strip 34 and the claw strip 36 are also designed and shaped so that the sheet pile 14 and the connection profile 16 are pivotable relative to each other at least in an angular range ⁇ of at least ⁇ 3 ° and an angular range of ⁇ 7 ° maximum, as shown in FIG. 2 is indicated.
  • the pivoting movement ends when the head strip 34 rests with its outer contour on at least two lines of contact on the inner contour of the C-shaped claw strip 36.
  • the MittelgleitS 22 is shown with the two hinged sheet piles 14 in an enlarged view.
  • the MittelgleitS 22 has two pointing in opposite directions, in cross-section C-shaped claw strips 38 which engage around each formed as a head strip 40 lock element of the two sheet piles 14.
  • the claw strips 38 of the Mittelgleitsches 22 and the head strips 40 of the two sheet piles 14 are designed and dimensioned so that the middle slide lock 22 relative to each sheet pile 14 in an angular range ⁇ of at least ⁇ 3 ° to a maximum of ⁇ 7 ° is pivotable.
  • the pivotal movement ends when the head strips 40 rest in the middle sliding lock 22 in each case on at least two lines of contact.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a combi sheet piling 50, which is likewise formed from two lobe beams 52 and two sheet piles 54.
  • the two Z-shaped sheet piles 54 correspond to the sheet piles 14 described above, but are installed so that in each case a head strip 56 of a sheet pile 54 with the C-shaped claw strip 58 of the other sheet pile 54 is engaged.
  • the middle sliding lock 22 described in the first exemplary embodiment can be dispensed with.
  • connection profile 60 is dimensioned so that it is relative to the lobe support 52 and relative to the sheet pile 54 in each case in an angular range ⁇ or ⁇ of at least ⁇ 3 ° to a maximum of ⁇ 7 ° pivot.
  • the other sheet pile 54 is connected to the lobe support 52 by a second connection profile 62, the structure of which will be explained in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 5.
  • the second connection profile 62 also has a central strip 64, from which a first retaining strip 66 projects at right angles, while there is a second retaining strip 68 inclined at an angle of about 45 ° to the center strip 64.
  • the two retaining strips 66 and 68 form a cross-sectionally open approximately triangular receiving channel 70 for receiving the wedge-shaped holding portion 72 of the lobe support 52.
  • a cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip 74 On the receiving channel 70 opposite side of the central strip 64 is formed a cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip 74, in which the head strip 56 of the second sheet pile 54 is hooked.
  • the cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip 74 and the head strip 56 are also dimensioned and designed so that the sheet pile 56 and the second connection profile 64 in an angular range ⁇ of at least ⁇ 3 ° to a maximum of ⁇ 7 ° viewed in cross section are pivoted relative to each other can.
  • the two previously shown sections of the combi-sheet piles 10 and 50 represent only two of the many ways to connect support elements, sheet piles, connecting profiles and Mittelgleitschlösser to form combi-sheet piles together.
  • several sheet piles can be arranged between the support elements.
  • conventional connection profiles whose lock elements do not ensure sufficient pivotability can be used in combination with the connection profiles designed according to the invention. It is only essential to the invention that the lock elements of at least part of the connection profiles and the lock elements of the respective support elements or sheet piles engaged with them are designed such that the limited pivotability is given at an angle ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ or ⁇ within a predetermined angular range is.
  • the permissible swivel angle is in an angular range of at least ⁇ 3 ° to a maximum of ⁇ 10 °. In certain cases, if a very exact obstruction of the combi-sheet piling is desired, the swivel angle should be limited to a range of at least ⁇ 3 ° to a maximum of ⁇ 7 °.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

u The combination bulkhead is made up of at least beam elements (12), particularly of the T-beam or double T-beam variety, and connecting profiles (16) that directly of indirectly connect the beam elements to one another. Each connecting profile, which is directly coupled to one of the beam elements, has a lock element (24, 26) that is engaged with a lock element (30) formed on the relevant beam element. Both engaged lock elements (24, 26) of the connecting profile and of the beam element are, from a cross-sectional perspective, designed in such a manner that both lock elements can pivot relative to one another in an angular range (alpha) from at least + or u 3 degrees to a maximum of + or u 10 degrees. The lock elements may pivot relative to one another at angular range from at least + or u 3 degrees to a maximum of + or u 7 degrees.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kombi-Spundwand nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a combination sheet pile wall according to the preamble of claim 1.

Kombi-Spundwände der eingangs genannten Art sind aus der DE 297 18 052 U1, der EP 0 072 118 A1 oder auch der DE 103 8 769 A1 bekannt und werden beispielsweise zur Uferabsicherung in Häfen und an Flüssen oder auch zur Abstützung von Böschungen, zur Errichtung von Kaimauern und ähnliches verwendet. Die bekannten Kombi-Spundwände werden aus Trägerelementen, wie Doppel-T-Trägern, und diese miteinander direkt verbindenden Verbindungsprofile gebildet, welche eine zumindest annähernd wasserdichte Verbindung zwischen den Trägerelementen gewährleisten sollen. Die Verbindungsprofile sind hierzu mit Schlosselementen ausgestattet, welche mit entsprechend ausgebildeten Schlosselementen an den Trägerelementen in Eingriff stehen. Sind die durch das Erdreich entstehenden Belastungen an den Kombi-Spundwänden moderat, wird zwischen jeweils zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Trägerelementen jeweils wenigstens eine Spundbohle, auch Füllbohle genannt, positioniert, wodurch die Anzahl zu verwendender Trägerelemente, welche für das Widerstandsmoment der Kombi-Spundwand maßgeblich verantwortlich sind, reduziert werden kann. Um eine geschlossene, wasserdichte Spundwand zu bilden, werden auch die Spundbohlen an ihren Längskanten durch Schlosselemente, wie Haken- oder Klauenleisten miteinander gekoppelt, während die unmittelbar benachbart zu den Trägerelementen angeordneten Spundbohlen durch die Verbindungsprofile mit den Trägerelementen verbunden werden. Die Verbindungsprofile sind hierzu gleichfalls mit entsprechenden Schlosselementen ausgestattet.Combi sheet pile walls of the type mentioned are known from DE 297 18 052 U1, EP 0 072 118 A1 or DE 103 8 769 A1 and are, for example, for shore protection in ports and rivers or for the support of slopes, for the establishment used by quay walls and the like. The known combination sheet pile walls are formed from support elements, such as double T-beams, and these interconnecting directly connecting profiles, which should ensure an at least approximately watertight connection between the support elements. The connection profiles are for this purpose equipped with lock elements which are in engagement with correspondingly formed lock elements on the support elements. If the stresses on the combi-sheet pile walls caused by the soil are moderate, at least one sheet pile, also called filler pile, is positioned between each two adjacent support elements, whereby the number of carrier elements to be used, which are decisively responsible for the resistance moment of the combination sheet pile wall , can be reduced. To form a closed, watertight sheet piling, the sheet piles are coupled together at their longitudinal edges by lock elements, such as hook or claw strips, while the sheet piles immediately adjacent to the carrier elements are connected by the connecting profiles with the support elements. The connection profiles are also equipped with corresponding lock elements for this purpose.

Bei den bekannten Kombi-Spundwänden besteht das Problem, dass die miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Schlosselemente entweder so gefertigt sind, dass sie kaum relativ zueinander bewegbar sind, oder die Schlosselemente sind so gestaltet, dass sie über große Winkelbereich von bis zu ±45° schwenkbar sind. Werden nun die einzelnen Trägerelemente, zwischen denen gegebenenfalls Spundbohlen positioniert sind, in den Boden gerammt, besteht bei den Schlössern, bei denen die Schlosselemente nahezu keine Relativbewegung untereinander zulassen, die Gefahr, dass die Schlosselemente beim Einrammen zumindest abschnittsweise außer Eingriff gelangen oder die Schlösser ausbrechen. Hierdurch wird einerseits die Standfestigkeit und Steifigkeit der gesamten Kombi-Spundwand beeinträchtigt, während die Kombi-Spundwand andererseits an den nicht mehr miteinander in Eingriff stehenden oder beschädigten Abschnitten der Schlosselemente wasserdurchlässig ist. Werden dagegen Kombi-Spundwände eingesetzt, bei denen die Schlosselemente große Schwenkwinkel ermöglichen, besteht das Problem, dass die Trägerelemente und Spundbohlen beim Einrammen in das Erdreich ausweichen und sich aus ihren vorgegebenen Stellungen bewegen, so dass eine exakte Positionierung der Kombi-Spundwand erschwert ist.In the known combination sheet pile walls there is the problem that the interlocking lock elements are either made so that they are hardly movable relative to each other, or the lock elements are designed so that they are pivotable over wide angular ranges of up to ± 45 ° , Now, if the individual support elements, between which optionally sheet piles are positioned, rammed into the ground, there is the risk that the lock elements at least partially disengage from the locks or break out the locks in the locks where the lock elements allow almost no relative movement with each other , As a result, on the one hand the stability and rigidity of the entire combi-sheet pile is impaired, while the combi-sheet pile wall on the other hand is permeable to water at the no longer engaged or damaged portions of the lock elements. If, in contrast combi-sheetpiles are used in which the lock elements allow large swivel angle, there is the problem that the support elements and sheet piles dodge when driving into the ground and move from their predetermined positions, so that an exact positioning of the combi-sheet pile wall is difficult.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es nun Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Kombi-Spundwand anzugeben, die ein genaues Positionieren der einzelnen Komponenten der Kombi-Spundwand bei gleichzeitig ausreichender Standfestigkeit und Wasserdichtigkeit sicherstellt.Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a combination sheet pile wall, which ensures accurate positioning of the individual components of the combination sheet pile wall at the same time sufficient stability and water resistance.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Kombi-Spundwand mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.According to the invention this object is achieved by a combination sheet piling with the features of claim 1.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kombi-Spundwand werden die Trägerelemente durch Verbindungsprofile miteinander verbunden, deren Schlosselemente einerseits so gestaltet sind, dass eine Mindestschwenkbarkeit des Trägerelementes mit seinem Schlosselement im Schlosselement des Verbindungsprofils in einem Winkelbereich von ±3° gewährleistet ist. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass eventuelle Relativbewegungen der Trägerelemente untereinander beim Einrammen ausgeglichen werden können, wodurch ein Herausspringen oder Lösen der miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Schlosselemente des Verbindungsprofils und des Trägerelementes oder eine Beschädigung der Schlösser wirksam verhindert ist. Andererseits sind die Schlosselemente so ausgebildet, dass ein maximal zulässiger Schwenkbereich von ±10° vorgegeben ist, bis zum dem eine Relativbewegung der miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Schlosselemente des Verbindungsprofils und des Trägerelementes noch zugelassen wird, so dass hierdurch die gewünschte, verhältnismäßig exakte Positionierung der Kombi-Spundwand insgesamt noch gewährleistet ist. Die Schwenkbarkeit der miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Schlosselemente wird beschränkt, sobald die Schlosselemente an zumindest zwei Berührungspunkten oder Berührungslinien aneinander zur Anlage kommen.In the combination sheet pile wall according to the invention, the support elements are interconnected by connecting profiles whose lock elements are designed on the one hand so that a minimum pivoting of the support element is ensured with its lock element in the lock element of the connection profile in an angular range of ± 3 °. This ensures that any relative movements the support elements can be balanced with each other during ramming, whereby a jumping out or loosening the mutually engaged lock elements of the connection profile and the support member or damage to the locks is effectively prevented. On the other hand, the lock elements are designed so that a maximum allowable pivoting range of ± 10 ° is predetermined, to which a relative movement of the mutually engaged lock elements of the connection profile and the support element is still allowed, so that in this way the desired, relatively accurate positioning of the combi -Bundboard is still guaranteed. The pivotability of the interlocking lock elements is limited as soon as the lock elements come into contact with each other at at least two points of contact or lines of contact.

Weitere Vorteile und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung werden aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der Zeichnung sowie den Unteransprüchen ersichtlich.Further advantages and developments of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the drawings and the dependent claims.

Um eine möglichst exakte Positionierung der Kombi-Spundwand zu gewährleisten, wird bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgeschlagen, den zulässigen Winkelbereich, in dem das Trägerelement und das mit diesem in Eingriff stehende Verbindungsprofil zueinander verschwenkt werden können, auf einen maximal zulässigen Winkel von ±7° zu begrenzen, während eine minimale Schwenkbarkeit von mindestens ±3° nach wie vor erhalten bleibt.In order to ensure the most accurate positioning of the combi-sheet pile, it is proposed in a preferred embodiment, the permissible angle range in which the support member and standing with this engaged connection profile can be pivoted to each other, to a maximum allowable angle of ± 7 ° limit, while a minimum pivoting of at least ± 3 ° still remains.

Besonders bevorzugt wird das Verbindungsprofil mit sogenannten Keulen-Trägern verwendet, also Doppel-T-Trägern, bei denen an den Enden der T-Balken jeweils ein im Querschnitt keilförmiger Halteabschnitt vorgesehen ist. Zum Befestigen des Verbindungsprofils an einem derartigen Trägerelement, wie einem Keulen-Träger, weist das Verbindungsprofil als Schlosselement vorzugsweise zwei im Querschnitt gesehen von einer Mittelleiste abstehende Halteleisten auf, zwischen die das Trägerelement mit dem im Querschnitt keilförmigen Halteabschnitt einzuführen ist, Die erste der Halteleisten steht hierzu etwa rechtwinklig von der Mittelleiste des Verbindungsprofils ab, während die zweite der Halteleisten in Richtung der ersten Halteleiste unter einem Winkel geneigt von der Mittelleiste absteht. Der Abstand und der Verlauf der Halteleisten zur Querschnittsform des keilförmigen Halteabschnittes des Trägerelementes sind dabei so gestaltet, dass das Verbindungsprofil relativ zum Trägerelement in einem Winkelbereich von ±3° bis ±10°, vorzugsweise in einem Winkelbereich von ±3° bis ±7° schwenkbar ist.Particularly preferably, the connection profile is used with so-called lobe carriers, ie double T-beams, in which a respective wedge-shaped holding section is provided at the ends of the T-beams. For fastening the connection profile to such a carrier element, such as a club carrier, the connecting profile as a lock element preferably has two in cross-section projecting from a central strip retaining strips, between which the carrier element with the wedge-shaped in cross-section holding portion is to introduce the first of the retaining strips this approximately at right angles from the middle strip of the Connection profile, while the second of the retaining strips projecting in the direction of the first retaining strip at an angle inclined from the central strip. The distance and the course of the retaining strips to the cross-sectional shape of the wedge-shaped holding portion of the support element are designed so that the connection profile relative to the support element in an angular range of ± 3 ° to ± 10 °, preferably in an angular range of ± 3 ° to ± 7 ° pivot is.

Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Spundwand, bei der herkömmliche Doppel-T-Träger oder T-Träger als Trägerelemente zum Einsatz kommen, weist das Verbindungsprofil vorzugsweise zwei im Querschnitt gesehen von einer Mittelleiste abstehende, zumindest annähernd parallel zueinander verlaufende Halteleisten auf, zwischen die das Trägerelement mit seinem im Querschnitt etwa rechteckigen Halteabschnitt eingeführt ist.In an alternative embodiment of the sheet pile wall according to the invention, in which conventional double T-beams or T-beams are used as support elements, the connecting profile preferably has two in cross-section protruding from a central strip, at least approximately parallel to each other retaining strips, between which Carrier element is introduced with its approximately rectangular cross-section holding portion.

Um Kombi-Spundwände zu errichten, die einerseits eine hohe Standfestigkeit aufweisen, bei denen jedoch andererseits die Anzahl an Trägerelementen, die für das gewünschte Widerstandsmoment der Kombi-Spundwand erforderlich ist, auf ein Minimum reduziert ist, wird bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Kombi-Spundwand vorgeschlagen, zwischen zwei jeweils benachbarten Trägerelementen eine Spundbohle, vorzugsweise eine Z-Spundbohle oder eine U-Spundbohle, zu positionieren, welche mit den an den Trägerelementen jeweils gehaltenen Verbindungsprofilen gekoppelt ist.In order to build combi sheet piles, which on the one hand have a high stability, but on the other hand, on the other hand, the number of support elements, which is required for the desired resistance moment of the combi sheet pile wall is reduced to a minimum, is in a preferred embodiment of the combination according to the invention Sheet pile wall proposed, between two adjacent support elements a sheet pile, preferably a Z-sheet pile or a U-sheet pile, to be positioned, which is coupled to the respectively held on the support elements connecting profiles.

Um das Verbauen der mit Trägerelementen und Spundbohlen ausgestatteten Kombi-Spundwänden zu erleichtern, ist es von Vorteil, an dem mit der Spundbohle gekoppelten Verbindungsprofil ein zweites Schlosselement auszubilden, welches mit einem an der Spundbohle ausgebildeten Schlosselement in Eingriff kommt. Die miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Schlosselemente des Verbindungsprofils und der Spundbohle sind im Querschnitt betrachtet vorzugsweise derart gestaltet, dass die beiden Schlosselemente in einem Winkelbereich von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±10°, vorzugsweise in einem Winkelbereich von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7° zueinander schwenkbar sind.In order to facilitate the installation of equipped with support elements and sheet piles combi-sheetpiles, it is advantageous to form on the coupled with the sheet pile connection profile, a second lock element, which engages with a formed on the sheet pile lock element. The interlocking lock elements of the connection profile and the sheet pile are viewed in cross-section preferably designed such that the two lock elements in an angular range of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 10 °, preferably in an angular range of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 7 ° to each other are pivotable.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Weiterbildung dieser Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Kombi-Spundwand wird ferner vorgeschlagen, Verbindungsprofile zum Verbinden der Spundbohlen mit den Trägerelementen zu verwenden, die mit einer sich über die gesamte Länge des Verbindungsprofils erstreckenden C-förmigen Klauenleiste versehen sind. Durch die C-förmige Gestaltung der Klauenleiste des Verbindungselementes wird ein sicherer Halt des mit der Klauenleiste in Eingriff stehenden Schlosselementes der Spundbohle, beispielsweise einer im Querschnitt ovalen Kopfleiste, gewährleistet. Dabei wird das Schlosselement der Spundbohle beim Einrammen axial in die Klauenleiste eingeführt, wobei das Schlosselement selbst von der Klauenleiste teilweise umgriffen ist, während die C-förmige Gestaltung der Klauenleiste gleichzeitig die gewünschte Schwenkbarkeit des Schlosselementes der Spundbohle in der Klauenleiste zulässt.In a particularly preferred embodiment of this embodiment of the combination sheet pile wall according to the invention is also proposed to use connection profiles for connecting the sheet piles to the support elements, which are provided with a extending over the entire length of the connection profile C-shaped claw bar. The C-shaped design of the claw bar of the connecting element ensures a secure hold of the claw bar engaging in the lock element of the sheet pile, for example a cross-sectionally oval head strip. In this case, the lock element of the sheet pile is introduced axially when driving into the claw bar, wherein the lock element itself is partially surrounded by the claw bar, while the C-shaped design of the claw bar simultaneously allows the desired pivoting of the lock element of the sheet pile in the claw bar.

Soll dagegen eine Spundwand, bei der das Schlosselement als eine im Querschnitt C-förmige Klauenleiste ausgebildet ist, mit dem benachbarten Trägerelementen verbunden werden wird vorzugsweise ein Verbindungsprofil verwendet, welches eine im Querschnitt ovale Kopfleiste aufweist, die in das als im Querschnitt C-förmige Klauenleiste ausgebildete Schlosselement der Spundbohle eingesetzt werden kann. Hierdurch wird gleichfalls eine ausreichende Schwenkbarkeit der Spundwand relativ zum Trägerelement sichergestellt.If, however, a sheet pile wall, in which the lock element is designed as a cross-sectionally C-shaped claw, are connected to the adjacent support elements preferably a connecting profile is used, which has a cross-sectionally oval header, in the cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip trained lock element of the sheet pile can be used. As a result, a sufficient pivotability of the sheet pile wall is also ensured relative to the carrier element.

Die beiden zuvor beschriebenen Grundformen für die Schlosselemente des Verbindungsprofils stellen nur mögliche Gestaltungsformen dar. Grundsätzlich können die Schlosselemente des Verbindungsprofils andere Querschnittsformen aufweisen, sofern die eingeschränkte Schwenkbarkeit des Schlosselementes des Trägerelementes bzw. des Schlosselementes der Spundwand im jeweiligen Schlosselement des Verbindungsprofils gewährleistet ist.The two basic forms described above for the lock elements of the connection profile represent only possible design forms. Basically, the lock elements of the connection profile can have other cross-sectional shapes, provided the limited pivotability of the lock element of the support element or the lock element of the sheet piling is ensured in the respective lock element of the connection profile.

Müssen größere Abschnitte durch die Kombi-Spundwand abgestützt werden, können zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Trägerelementen auch mehrere Spundbohlen eingesetzt werden, welche gleichfalls durch Schlösser miteinander verbunden entsprechende Spundwandabschnitte bilden.If larger sections have to be supported by the combi sheet piling, it is also possible to use a plurality of sheet piles between each two adjacent carrier elements, which likewise form interconnected sheet piling sections by means of locks connected to one another.

Vorzugsweise können dabei zumindest zwei unmittelbar benachbart nebeneinander angeordnete Spundbohlen durch ein Mittelgleitschloss miteinander verbunden sein, wobei das Mittelgleitschloss mit zwei Schlosselementen versehen ist, welche mit zu diesen komplementär ausgebildeten Schlosselementen, die an den beiden Spundbohlen vorgesehen sind, in Eingriff stehen. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine besonders hohe Flexibilität bei der Gestaltung und dem Verlauf des aus den Spundbohlen gebildeten Spundwandabschnittes.Preferably, at least two sheet piles adjacently arranged next to one another can be connected to one another by a middle sliding lock, wherein the middle slide lock is provided with two lock elements which engage with lock elements which are complementary to these and which are provided on the two sheet piles. This results in a particularly high flexibility in the design and the course of the sheet pile wall formed from the sheet piles.

Das Mittelgleitschloss ist vorzugsweise so gestaltet, dass die Schlosselemente des Mittelgleitschlosses sowie die Schlosselemente der beiden miteinander verbundenen Spundbohlen, die jeweils miteinander in Eingriff stehenden, jeweils in einem Winkelbereich von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±10°, besonders bevorzugt in einem Winkelbereich von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7°, zueinander schwenkbar sind.The middle slide lock is preferably designed so that the lock elements of the middle slide lock and the lock elements of the two interconnected sheet piles, each engaging with each other, each in an angular range of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 10 °, more preferably in an angular range of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 7 °, are mutually pivotable.

Um die gewünschte Flexibilität beim Aufbau der Kombi-Spundwand zu gewährleisten, weist das Mittelgleitschloss bei einer besonders bevorzugten Weiterbildung zwei in entgegengesetzte Richtungen weisende, im Querschnitt gesehen etwa C-förmige Klauenleisten auf, in die die Spundbohlen mit ihren Schlosselementen eingehängt werden können.In order to ensure the desired flexibility in the construction of the combi-sheet pile, the Mittelgleitschloss in a particularly preferred development pointing in two opposite directions, seen in cross-section approximately C-shaped claw strips, in which the sheet piles can be hung with their lock elements.

Um die Spundwand im Bereich des Mittelgleitschlosses gegebenenfalls zusätzlich abstützen zu können, wird ferner vorgeschlagen, am Mittelgleitschloss eine zusätzliche Anschlussleiste vorzusehen, an der geeignete Stützelemente, wie zusätzliche T-Träger, mit der Kombi-Spundwand verbunden werden können. Ist das Mittelgleitschloss mit den zuvor beschrieben C-förmigen Klauenleisten versehen, ist es von besonderem Vorteil, wenn sich die Anschlussleiste im Querschnitt des Mittelgleitschlosses betrachtet etwa rechtwinklig zu den Richtungen der beiden C-förmigen Klauenleisten erstreckt.In order to additionally support the sheet pile wall in the region of the middle slide lock, it is further proposed to provide an additional connection strip on the middle slide lock, to which suitable support elements, such as additional T beams, can be connected to the combination sheet pile wall. If the middle slide lock is provided with the previously described C-shaped claw strips, It is particularly advantageous if the terminal strip viewed in the cross section of the Mittelgleitschlosses considered approximately at right angles to the directions of the two C-shaped claw strips.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine Draufsicht auf eine erste Ausführungsform eines Wandabschnittes einer erfindungsgemäßen Kombi-Spundwand aus Keulen-Trägern und durch ein Mittelgleitschloss miteinander verbundenen Z-Spundbohlen,
Fig. 2
einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt auf ein Verbindungsprofil, mit dem eine der Z-Spundbohlen der Kombi-Spundwand an einem der Keulen-Träger befestigt ist,
Fig. 3
einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt auf das Mittelgleitschloss, das zwei Z-Spundbohlen der Kombi-Spundwand miteinander verbindet,
Fig. 4
eine Draufsicht auf eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Wandabschnittes einer erfindungsgemäßen Kombi-Spundwand aus Keulen-Trägern und Z-Spundbohlen, und
Fig. 5
einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt auf ein weiteres Verbindungsprofil, mit dem eine der Z-Spundbohlen der Kombi-Spundwand an einem der Keulen-Träger befestigt ist.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to two embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
a plan view of a first embodiment of a wall portion of a combination sheet pile wall according to the invention of club beams and interconnected by a Mittelgleitschloss Z-sheet piles,
Fig. 2
an enlarged section on a connecting profile with which one of the Z sheet piles of the combi sheet piling is fastened to one of the lobe carriers,
Fig. 3
an enlarged section of the middle sliding lock, which connects two Z-sheet piles of the combi sheet piling,
Fig. 4
a plan view of a second embodiment of a wall portion of a combination sheet pile wall according to the invention of club beams and Z-sheet piles, and
Fig. 5
an enlarged section on another connection profile, with which one of the Z-sheet piles of the combi-sheet pile wall is attached to one of the club carrier.

Fig. 1 zeigt in Draufsicht ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Wandabschnittes einer erfindungsgemäßen Kombi-Spundwand 10. Die Kombi-Spundwand 10 ist im vorliegenden Fall aus zwei beanstandet zueinander angeordneten Keulen-Trägern 12 gebildet, zwischen die zwei Z-förmige Spundbohlen 14 eingesetzt sind. Anstelle der beiden miteinander gekoppelten Z-förmigen Spundbohlen 14 kann beispielsweise auch eine einzige U-förmige Spundbohle zum Einsatz kommen. Zwischen jeder Spundbohle 14 und jedem Keulen-Träger 12 ist ein Verbindungsprofil 16 angeordnet, an dem der Keulen-Träger 12 mit dem einen Ende eines seiner beiden T-Balken 18 und die Spundbohle 14 mit einer ihrer Längskanten eingehängt ist. Die beiden anderen Längskanten der Spundbohlen 14 sind an einem gemeinsamen Mittelgleitschloss 20 eingehängt. Sowohl das Verbindungsprofil 16 als auch das Mittegleitschloss 20 haben im Querschnitt betrachtet eine gleichbleibende Querschnittsform und sind in ihren Längen an die Längen der Keulen-Träger 12 und der Spundbohlen 14 angepasst.Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a first embodiment of a wall portion of a combi-sheet pile wall according to the invention 10. The combination sheet pile wall 10 is formed in the present case of two mutually spaced lobe beams 12, between the two Z-shaped sheet piles 14 are used. Instead of the two coupled Z-shaped sheet piles 14, for example Also a single U-shaped sheet pile are used. Between each sheet pile 14 and each lobe support 12, a connection profile 16 is arranged, on which the lobe support 12 is suspended with one end of one of its two T-beams 18 and the sheet pile 14 with one of its longitudinal edges. The other two longitudinal edges of the sheet piles 14 are mounted on a common middle sliding lock 20. Both the connection profile 16 and the center slide lock 20 have a constant cross-sectional shape when viewed in cross section and are adapted in their lengths to the lengths of the lobe supports 12 and the sheet piles 14.

In Fig. 2 ist in vergrößerter Darstellung ein Ausschnitt der Kombi-Spundwand 10 gezeigt, in dem das den in Fig. 1 links gezeigten Keulen-Träger 12 mit der Spundbohle 14 verbindende Verbindungsprofil 16 gezeigt ist. Das Verbindungsprofil 16 weist eine Mittelleiste 22 auf, von deren einem Ende eine erste Halteleiste 24 rechtwinklig absteht. Vom anderen Ende der Mitteleiste 22 steht in gleicher Richtung eine zweite Halteleiste 26 ab, welche unter einem Winkel von etwa 45° geneigt in Richtung der ersten Halteleiste 24 verläuft und etwa auf gleicher Höhe mit dieser endet. Hierdurch ist ein in im Querschnitt dreieckiger Aufnahmekanal 28 gebildet, der an seiner der Mittelleiste 22 abgewandten, sich verjüngenden Seite offen ist.In Fig. 2 a section of the combi-sheet pile wall 10 is shown in an enlarged view, in which the lobe carrier 12 shown on the left in Fig. 1 12 with the sheet pile 14 connecting connecting section 16 is shown. The connecting profile 16 has a central strip 22, one end of which projects a first retaining strip 24 at right angles. From the other end of the central strip 22 is in the same direction from a second retaining strip 26 from which extends at an angle of approximately 45 ° inclined in the direction of the first retaining strip 24 and ends at about the same height with this. As a result, a triangular in cross-section receiving channel 28 is formed, which is on its side facing away from the central strip 22, tapered side open.

In den Aufnahmekanal 28 ist das eine Ende des T-Balkens 18 des Keulen-Trägers 12 eingesetzt. Um ein Herausrutschen des T-Balkens 18 aus dem Aufnahmekanal 28 zu verhindern, ist das Ende des T-Balkens 18 im Querschnitt betrachtet zu einem keilförmigen Halteabschnitt 30 erweitert. Der Aufnahmekanal 28 und der Halteabschnitt 30 sind dabei so bemessen, dass das Verbindungsprofil 16 in einem Winkelbereich α von mindestens ±3° und einem Winkelbereich von maximal ±7° gegenüber dem T-Balken 16 schwenkbar ist, wie in Fig. 2 angedeutet ist. Die Schwenkbewegung endet, sobald der Halteabschnitt 30 im Aufnahmekanal 28 mit seiner Außenkontur an mindestens zwei Berührungslinien an der Innenkontur des Aufnahmekanals 28 anliegt.Into the receiving channel 28, the one end of the T-bar 18 of the club carrier 12 is inserted. In order to prevent slipping out of the T-bar 18 from the receiving channel 28, the end of the T-bar 18 is viewed in cross section to a wedge-shaped holding portion 30 extended. The receiving channel 28 and the holding portion 30 are dimensioned so that the connecting profile 16 in an angular range α of at least ± 3 ° and an angular range of a maximum of ± 7 ° relative to the T-bar 16 is pivotally, as indicated in Fig. 2. The pivotal movement ends as soon as the holding section 30 abuts in the receiving channel 28 with its outer contour on at least two lines of contact on the inner contour of the receiving channel 28.

Von der entgegengesetzten Flachseite der Mittelleiste 22 steht etwa mittig als Anschlusselement eine Halsleiste 32 rechtwinklig ab, an deren Ende eine im Querschnitt ovale Kopfleiste 34 angeformt ist. Die ovale Kopfleiste 34 ist in einer im Querschnitt C-förmigen Klauenleiste 36 aufgenommen, welche an dem einen Ende der Spundbohle 14 ausgeformt ist. Die Kopfleiste 34 und die Klauenleiste 36 sind auch hier so gestaltet und ausgeformt, dass die Spundbohle 14 und das Verbindungsprofil 16 zumindest in einem Winkelbereich β von mindestens ±3° und einem Winkelbereich von maximal ±7° relativ zueinander schwenkbar sind, wie in Fig. 2 angedeutet ist. Auch hier endet die Schwenkbewegung, wenn die Kopfleiste 34 mit ihrer Außenkontur an mindestens zwei Berührungslinien an der Innenkontur der C-förmigen Klauenleiste 36 anliegt.From the opposite flat side of the central strip 22 is approximately centrally as a connecting element a neck strip 32 from at right angles, at the end of a cross-sectionally oval header 34 is formed. The oval head strip 34 is received in a cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip 36, which is formed at one end of the sheet pile 14. The head strip 34 and the claw strip 36 are also designed and shaped so that the sheet pile 14 and the connection profile 16 are pivotable relative to each other at least in an angular range β of at least ± 3 ° and an angular range of ± 7 ° maximum, as shown in FIG. 2 is indicated. Again, the pivoting movement ends when the head strip 34 rests with its outer contour on at least two lines of contact on the inner contour of the C-shaped claw strip 36.

In Fig. 3 ist in vergrößerter Darstellung das Mittelgleitschloss 22 mit den beiden eingehängten Spundbohlen 14 gezeigt. Das Mittelgleitschloss 22 weist zwei in entgegengesetzte Richtungen weisende, im Querschnitt C-förmige Klauenleisten 38 auf, die jeweils ein als Kopfleiste 40 ausgebildetes Schlosselement einer der beiden Spundbohlen 14 umgreifen. Auch hier sind die Klauenleisten 38 des Mittelgleitschlosses 22 sowie die Kopfleisten 40 der beiden Spundbohlen 14 so gestaltet und bemessen, dass das Mittelgleitschloss 22 relativ zu jeder Spundbohle 14 in einem Winkelbereich γ von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7° schwenkbar ist. Die Schwenkbewegung endet, wenn die Kopfleisten 40 im Mittelgleitschloss 22 jeweils an mindestens zwei Berührungslinien anliegen.In Fig. 3, the Mittelgleitschloss 22 is shown with the two hinged sheet piles 14 in an enlarged view. The Mittelgleitschloss 22 has two pointing in opposite directions, in cross-section C-shaped claw strips 38 which engage around each formed as a head strip 40 lock element of the two sheet piles 14. Again, the claw strips 38 of the Mittelgleitschlosses 22 and the head strips 40 of the two sheet piles 14 are designed and dimensioned so that the middle slide lock 22 relative to each sheet pile 14 in an angular range γ of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 7 ° is pivotable. The pivotal movement ends when the head strips 40 rest in the middle sliding lock 22 in each case on at least two lines of contact.

Durch die beschränkte Schwenkbarkeit der Keulen-Träger 12 und der Spundbohlen 14 relativ zu den Verbindungsprofilen 16 und dem Mittelgleitschloss 22 ist einerseits ein Herausspringen der Schlosselemente, wie den Kopfleisten 34 und 40, aus den C-förmigen Klauenleisten 36 und 38 verhindert, da die Schlosselemente in begrenztem Umfang relativ zueinander beweglich sind, während andererseits durch die Einschränkung der Schwenkbarkeit auf maximal ±7° ein ordnungsgemäßes Verbauen der Kombi-Spundwand 10 möglich ist.Due to the limited pivoting of the lobe support 12 and the sheet piles 14 relative to the connection profiles 16 and the middle sliding lock 22 on the one hand jumping out of the lock elements, such as the head strips 34 and 40, from the C-shaped claw strips 36 and 38 prevented since the lock elements to a limited extent are relatively movable, while on the other hand, by restricting the pivoting to a maximum of ± 7 ° a proper installation of the combi-sheet pile wall 10 is possible.

In Fig. 4 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kombi-Spundwand 50 gezeigt, die gleichfalls aus zwei Keulen-Trägern 52 und zwei Spundbohlen 54 gebildet ist. Die beiden Z-förmigen Spundbohlen 54 entsprechen den zuvor beschriebenen Spundbohlen 14, sind jedoch so verbaut, dass jeweils eine Kopfleiste 56 einer Spundbohle 54 mit der C-förmigen Klauenleiste 58 der anderen Spundbohle 54 in Eingriff steht. Hierdurch kann auf die Verwendung des beim ersten Ausführungsbeispiel geschilderten Mittelgleitschlosses 22 verzichtet werden.FIG. 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a combi sheet piling 50, which is likewise formed from two lobe beams 52 and two sheet piles 54. The two Z-shaped sheet piles 54 correspond to the sheet piles 14 described above, but are installed so that in each case a head strip 56 of a sheet pile 54 with the C-shaped claw strip 58 of the other sheet pile 54 is engaged. As a result, the use of the middle sliding lock 22 described in the first exemplary embodiment can be dispensed with.

Das andere Ende der einen Spundbohle 54, an dem gleichfalls die C-förmige Klauenleiste 58 ausgebildet ist, ist durch ein Verbindungsprofil 60, das dem zuvor beschriebenen Verbindungsprofil 16 entspricht, mit dem Keulen-Träger 52 verbunden. Auch hier ist das Verbindungsprofil 60 so bemessen, dass es relativ zum Keulen-Träger 52 sowie relativ zur Spundbohle 54 jeweils in einem Winkelbereich α bzw. β von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7° schwenkbar ist.The other end of a sheet pile 54, on which also the C-shaped claw strip 58 is formed, is connected to the lobe support 52 by a connecting profile 60 which corresponds to the above-described connection profile 16. Again, the connection profile 60 is dimensioned so that it is relative to the lobe support 52 and relative to the sheet pile 54 in each case in an angular range α or β of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 7 ° pivot.

Die andere Spundbohle 54 ist durch ein zweites Verbindungsprofil 62, dessen Aufbau nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Fig. 5 näher erläutert wird, mit dem Keulen-Träger 52 verbunden.The other sheet pile 54 is connected to the lobe support 52 by a second connection profile 62, the structure of which will be explained in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 5.

Das zweite Verbindungsprofil 62 hat gleichfalls eine Mittelleiste 64, von der eine erste Halteleiste 66 rechtwinklig absteht, während bestandet von dieser eine zweite Halteleiste 68 unter einem Winkel von etwa 45° geneigt zur Mittelleiste 64 verläuft. Die beiden Halteleisten 66 und 68 bilden einen im Querschnitt offenen etwa dreieckigen Aufnahmekanal 70 zur Aufnahme des keilförmigen Halteabschnittes 72 des Keulen-Trägers 52. Auch hier ist eine relative Schwenkbarkeit des zweiten Verbindungsprofils 62 zum keilförmigen Halteabschnitt 72 des Keulen-Trägers 52 in einem Winkelbereich α von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7° im Querschnitt betrachtet gegeben.The second connection profile 62 also has a central strip 64, from which a first retaining strip 66 projects at right angles, while there is a second retaining strip 68 inclined at an angle of about 45 ° to the center strip 64. The two retaining strips 66 and 68 form a cross-sectionally open approximately triangular receiving channel 70 for receiving the wedge-shaped holding portion 72 of the lobe support 52. Again, a relative pivoting of the second connection profile 62 to the wedge-shaped holding portion 72 of the lobe support 52 in an angular range α from at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 7 ° in cross section.

An der dem Aufnahmekanal 70 entgegengesetzten Seite der Mittelleiste 64 ist eine im Querschnitt C-förmige Klauenleiste 74 ausgebildet, in die die Kopfleiste 56 der zweiten Spundbohle 54 eingehängt ist. Die im Querschnitt C-förmige Klauenleiste 74 sowie die Kopfleiste 56 sind dabei gleichfalls so bemessen und gestaltet, dass die Spundbohle 56 sowie das zweite Verbindungsprofil 64 in einem Winkelbereich δ von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7° im Querschnitt betrachtet relativ zueinander verschwenkt werden können.On the receiving channel 70 opposite side of the central strip 64 is formed a cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip 74, in which the head strip 56 of the second sheet pile 54 is hooked. The cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip 74 and the head strip 56 are also dimensioned and designed so that the sheet pile 56 and the second connection profile 64 in an angular range δ of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 7 ° viewed in cross section are pivoted relative to each other can.

Dadurch dass die unterschiedlichen Komponenten der Kombi-Spundwände 10 und 50 jeweils in einem begrenzten Winkelbereich α, β, γ und δ von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7° relativ zueinander schwenkbar sind, können die Komponenten der Kombi-Spundwände 10 und 50 einerseits sehr genau in das Erdreich gerammt werden, während andererseits ein sich Lösen einzelner miteinander in Eingriff stehender Schlosselemente der Komponenten durch die zugelassene Schwenkbarkeit verhindert ist.The fact that the different components of the combi sheet piles 10 and 50 in each case in a limited angular range α, β, γ and δ of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 7 ° are pivotable relative to each other, the components of the combi sheet piles 10 and 50 on the one hand are very precisely rammed into the soil, while on the other hand, a loosening of individual interlocking lock elements of the components is prevented by the approved pivoting.

Die beiden zuvor gezeigten Abschnitte der Kombi-Spundwände 10 und 50 stellen nur zwei der vielseitigen Möglichkeiten dar, Trägerelemente, Spundbohlen, Verbindungsprofile und Mittelgleitschlösser zur Bildung von Kombi-Spundwänden miteinander zu verbinden. Selbstverständlich bestehen nahezu unbegrenzte weitere Variationsmöglichkeiten der Anordnung und Kopplung. So können mehrere Spundbohlen zwischen den Trägerelementen angeordnet sein. Auch können herkömmliche Verbindungsprofile, deren Schlosselemente keine ausreichende Schwenkbarkeit gewährleisten, kombiniert mit den erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Verbindungsprofilen verwendet werden. Erfindungswesentlich ist nur, dass die Schlosselemente zumindest eines Teiles der Verbindungsprofile und die mit diesen in Eingriff stehenden Schlosselemente der betreffenden Trägerelemente bzw. Spundbohlen so gestaltet sind, dass die begrenzte Schwenkbarkeit mit einem Winkel α, β, γ bzw. δ in einem vorgegebenen Winkelbereich gegeben ist. Der zulässige Schwenkwinkel liegt dabei in einem Winkelbereich von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±10°. In bestimmten Fällen, wenn ein sehr exaktes Verbauen der Kombi-Spundwand gewünscht ist, sollte der Schwenkwinkel auf einen Bereich von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7° begrenzt sein.The two previously shown sections of the combi-sheet piles 10 and 50 represent only two of the many ways to connect support elements, sheet piles, connecting profiles and Mittelgleitschlösser to form combi-sheet piles together. Of course, there are almost unlimited other possible variations of the arrangement and coupling. Thus, several sheet piles can be arranged between the support elements. Also, conventional connection profiles whose lock elements do not ensure sufficient pivotability can be used in combination with the connection profiles designed according to the invention. It is only essential to the invention that the lock elements of at least part of the connection profiles and the lock elements of the respective support elements or sheet piles engaged with them are designed such that the limited pivotability is given at an angle α, β, γ or δ within a predetermined angular range is. The permissible swivel angle is in an angular range of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 10 °. In certain cases, if a very exact obstruction of the combi-sheet piling is desired, the swivel angle should be limited to a range of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 7 °.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
Kombi-SpundwandCombined sheet piling
1212
Keulen-TrägerLobes carrier
1414
Z-SpundbohleZ sheet pile
1616
Verbindungsprofilconnection profile
1818
T-BalkenT-bar
2020
MittelgleitschlossCentral slide lock
2222
Mittelleistecentral strip
2424
Halteleisteretaining strip
2626
Halteleisteretaining strip
2828
Aufnahmekanalreceiving channel
3030
keilförmiger Halteabschnittwedge-shaped holding section
3232
Halsleisteneck strip
3434
Kopfleisteheader
3636
C-förmige KlauenleisteC-shaped claw bar
3838
C-förmige KlauenleisteC-shaped claw bar
4040
Kopfleisteheader
5050
Kombi-SpundwandCombined sheet piling
5252
Keulen-TrägerLobes carrier
5454
Z-SpundbohlenZ-sheet piles
5656
Kopfleisteheader
5858
C-förmige KlauenleisteC-shaped claw bar
6060
Verbindungsprofilconnection profile
6262
zweites Verbindungsprofilsecond connection profile
6464
Mittelleistecentral strip
6666
erste Halteleistefirst retaining strip
6868
zweite Halteleistesecond retaining strip
7070
dreieckiger Aufnahmekanaltriangular receiving channel
7272
keilförmiger Halteabschnittwedge-shaped holding section
7474
C-förmige KlauenleisteC-shaped claw bar

Claims (13)

Kombi-Spundwand, die zumindest aus Trägerelementen (12; 52), insbesondere T-Trägern und Doppel-T-Trägern, sowie die Trägerelemente (12; 52) direkt oder indirekt miteinander verbindenden Verbindungsprofilen (16; 60, 62) gebildet ist, wobei jedes Verbindungsprofil (16; 60, 62), das mit einem der Trägerelemente (12; 52) direkt gekoppelt ist, ein Schlosselement (24, 26; 66, 68) aufweist, welches mit einem an dem betreffenden Trägerelement (12; 52) ausgebildeten Schlosselement (30; 72) in Eingriff steht,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die beiden miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Schlosselemente (24, 26, 30; 66, 68, 72) des Verbindungsprofils (16; 60) und des Trägerelementes (12; 52) im Querschnitt betrachtet derart gestaltet sind, dass die beiden Schlosselemente (24, 26, 30; 66, 68, 72) in einem Winkelbereich (α) von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±10° zueinander schwenkbar sind.Combined sheet pile wall, the at least from support elements (12; 52), in particular T-beams and double T-beams, and the support elements (12; 52) directly or indirectly interconnecting connecting profiles (16; 60, 62) is formed, each connecting profile (16; 60,62) which is directly coupled to one of the support elements (12; 52) comprises a lock element (24,26; 66,68) which is formed with a respective support element (12; 52) Lock element (30; 72) is engaged,
characterized,
that the two interlocking lock elements (24, 26, 30; 66, 68, 72) of the connection profile (16; 60) and the support element (12; 52) are designed in cross-section such that the two lock elements (24; 26, 30; 66, 68, 72) are pivotable relative to one another in an angular range (α) of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 10 °. Kombi-Spundwand nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Schlosselemente (24, 26, 30; 66, 68, 72) so gestaltet sind, dass sie in einem Winkelbereich von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7° zueinander schwenkbar sind.Combi sheet pile wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the two lock elements (24, 26, 30; 66, 68, 72) are designed so that they can be pivoted in an angular range of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 7 ° to each other. Kombi-Spundwand nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verbindungsprofil (16; 60) als Schlosselement zum Befestigen am Trägerelement (12; 52) zwei im Querschnitt gesehen von einer Mittelleiste (22; 64) abstehende Halteleisten (24, 26; 66, 68) aufweist, zwischen die das Trägerelement (12; 52) mit einem im Querschnitt keilförmigen Halteabschnitt (30; 72) eingeführt ist, wobei die erste der Halteleisten (24; 66) etwa rechtwinklig von der Mittelleiste (22; 64) des Verbindungsprofils (16; 60) absteht, während die zweite der Halteleisten (26; 68) in Richtung der ersten Halteleiste (24; 66) unter einem Winkel geneigt von der Mittelleiste (22; 64) absteht.Combined sheet pile wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting profile (16; 60) as a lock element for fixing to the support element (12; 52) has two retaining strips (24, 26; 66, 68) between which said support member (12; 52) is inserted with a wedge-shaped retaining portion (30; 72), said first of said retaining ledges (24; 66) being approximately perpendicular to said central ledge (22; 64) of the connecting profile (16; 60) protrudes, while the second of the retaining strips (26; 68) in the direction of the first retaining strip (24; 66) at an angle inclined from the central strip (22; 64) protrudes. Kombi-Spundwand nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verbindungsprofil zum Befestigen am Trägerelement zwei im Querschnitt gesehen von einer Mittelleiste abstehende, zumindest annähernd parallel zueinander verlaufende Halteleisten aufweist, zwischen die das Trägerelement mit einem Halteabschnitt eingeführt ist.Combined sheet pile wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting profile for attachment to the carrier element has two seen in cross section of a central strip projecting, at least approximately parallel to each other holding strips, between which the support member is inserted with a holding portion. Kombi-Spundwand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Trägerelementen (12; 52) mindestens eine Spundbohle (14; 54) angeordnet ist, welche durch die Verbindungsprofile (16; 60) mit den beiden Trägerelementen (12; 52) gekoppelt ist.Combined sheet pile wall according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between each two adjacent support elements (12; 52) at least one sheet pile (14; 54) is arranged, which by the connection profiles (16; 60) with the two support elements ( 12, 52) is coupled. Kombi-Spundwand nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem Verbindungsprofil (16; 60) ein zweites Schlosselement (34; 74) ausgebildet ist, welches mit einem an der Spundbohle (14; 54) ausgebildeten Schlosselement (36, 40; 56, 58) in Eingriff steht, wobei die miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Schlosselemente (34, 36; 56, 58, 74) des Verbindungsprofils (16; 60, 62) und der Spundbohle (14; 54) im Querschnitt betrachtet derart gestaltet sind, dass die beiden Schlosselemente (34, 36; 56, 58, 74) in einem Winkelbereich (β, γ, δ) von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±10°, vorzugsweise in einem Winkelbereich (β, γ, δ) von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7° zueinander schwenkbar sind.Combined sheet pile wall according to claim 5, characterized in that a second lock element (34; 74) is formed on the connecting profile (16; 60), which lock element is formed with a lock element (36, 40; 56, 56) formed on the sheet pile pile (14; 54). 58), the interlocking lock elements (34, 36; 56, 58, 74) of the connection profile (16; 60, 62) and the sheet pile (14; both lock elements (34, 36; 56, 58, 74) in an angular range (β, γ, δ) of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 10 °, preferably in an angular range (β, γ, δ) of at least ± 3 ° can be swiveled to a maximum of ± 7 ° to each other. Kombi-Spundwand nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das das Trägerelement (12; 52) mit der Spundbohle (54) verbindende Verbindungsprofil (16; 62) eine im Querschnitt C-förmige Klauenleiste (74) aufweist, in welche das vorzugsweise als im Querschnitt ovale Kopfleiste (56) ausgebildete Schlosselement der Spundbohle (54) eingehängt ist.Combined sheet pile wall according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the carrier element (12; 52) with the sheet pile (54) connecting connecting profile (16; 62) has a cross-sectionally C-shaped claw strip (74) into which preferably as in cross-section oval header (56) formed lock element of the sheet pile (54) is mounted. Kombi-Spundwand nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das das Trägerelement (12; 52) mit der Spundbohle (14; 54) verbindende Verbindungsprofil (16; 60) eine im Querschnitt ovale Kopfleiste (34) aufweist, welche in das als im Querschnitt C-förmige Klauenleiste (36; 58) ausgebildete Schlosselement der Spundbohle (14; 54) eingehängt ist.Combined sheet pile wall according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the connecting profile (16; 60) connecting the carrier element (12; 52) to the sheet pile (14; 54) has a cross-sectionally oval head strip (34) which is in the as in cross-section C-shaped claw strip (36; 58) formed lock element of the sheet pile (14; 54) is mounted. Kombi-Spundwand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Trägerelementen (12; 52) mehrere Spundbohlen (14; 54) angeordnet sind, welche unter Bildung der Spundwand (10; 50) durch Schlösser miteinander verbunden sind.Combined sheet pile wall according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between each two adjacent support elements (12; 52) a plurality of sheet piles (14; 54) are arranged, which are connected together by locks to form the sheet pile wall (10; Kombi-Spundwand nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest zwei der Spundbohlen (14), die benachbart nebeneinander angeordnet sind, durch ein Mittelgleitschloss (20) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei das Mittelgleitschloss (20) mit zwei Schlosselementen (38) versehen ist, welche mit zu diesen komplementär ausgebildeten Schlosselementen (40), die an den beiden Spundbohlen (14) vorgesehen sind, in Eingriff stehen.Combined sheet pile wall according to claim 9, characterized in that at least two of the sheet piles (14) adjacently disposed adjacent to each other are interconnected by a middle slide lock (20), the middle slide lock (20) being provided with two lock elements (38), which are in engagement with these complementary formed lock elements (40) which are provided on the two sheet piles (14). Kombi-Spundwand nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schlosselemente (38) des Mittelgleitschlosses (20) sowie die Schlosselemente (40) der beiden durch dieses miteinander verbundenen Spundbohlen (14) derart ausgebildet sind, dass die jeweils miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Schlosselemente (38, 40) in einem Winkelbereich (γ) von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±10°, vorzugsweise in einem Winkelbereich (γ) von mindestens ±3° bis maximal ±7° zueinander schwenkbar sind.Combi sheet pile wall according to claim 10, characterized in that the lock elements (38) of the middle slide lock (20) and the lock elements (40) of the two interconnected by this sheet piles (14) are formed such that the respective mutually engaged lock elements ( 38, 40) in an angular range (γ) of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 10 °, preferably in an angular range (γ) of at least ± 3 ° to a maximum of ± 7 ° are mutually pivotable. Kombi-Spundwand nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mittelgleitschloss (20) zwei in entgegengesetzte Richtungen weisende, im Querschnitt etwa C-förmige Klauenleisten (38) aufweist.Combined sheet pile wall according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the middle slide lock (20) has two pointing in opposite directions, in cross-section approximately C-shaped claw strips (38). Kombi-Spundwand nach Anspruch 10, 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mittelgleitschloss eine Anschlussleiste zum Anschluss eines Abstützelementes für die Kombi-Spundwand aufweist.Combined sheet pile wall according to claim 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that the middle slide lock has a connection strip for connecting a support element for the combination sheet pile wall.
EP05002205A 2005-02-02 2005-02-02 Sheet pile wall Revoked EP1698733B1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE502005010168T DE502005010168D1 (en) 2005-02-02 2005-02-02 Combined sheet piling
AT05002205T ATE479798T1 (en) 2005-02-02 2005-02-02 COMBI PILLOW WALL
EP05002205A EP1698733B1 (en) 2005-02-02 2005-02-02 Sheet pile wall
MX2007009315A MX2007009315A (en) 2005-02-02 2006-02-01 Combined bulkhead.
EA200701637A EA016081B1 (en) 2005-02-02 2006-02-01 Combined bulkhead
CA002596647A CA2596647A1 (en) 2005-02-02 2006-02-01 Combined bulkhead
PCT/EP2006/000879 WO2006082040A1 (en) 2005-02-02 2006-02-01 Combined bulkhead
CN200680009749.6A CN101146960B (en) 2005-02-02 2006-02-01 Combined bulkhead
BRPI0606559-7A BRPI0606559A2 (en) 2005-02-02 2006-02-01 combination stack wall
US11/346,013 US7387471B2 (en) 2005-02-02 2006-02-02 Combination pile wall

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05002205A EP1698733B1 (en) 2005-02-02 2005-02-02 Sheet pile wall

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1698733A1 true EP1698733A1 (en) 2006-09-06
EP1698733B1 EP1698733B1 (en) 2010-09-01

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ID=34933568

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Country Link
US (1) US7387471B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1698733B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101146960B (en)
AT (1) ATE479798T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0606559A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2596647A1 (en)
DE (1) DE502005010168D1 (en)
EA (1) EA016081B1 (en)
MX (1) MX2007009315A (en)
WO (1) WO2006082040A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2671602A3 (en) * 1991-01-15 1992-07-17 Arbed Method for manufacturing metallic wall elements made up of sheet piling and/or girders clipped together laterally, elements produced by this method, and walls made up of these elements
DE29718052U1 (en) * 1997-03-18 1997-12-04 Fried. Krupp Ag Hoesch-Krupp, 45143 Essen Und 44145 Dortmund Compound lock and sheet pile
DE10318769A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-09-23 Georg Wall Construction element has double T supports with button strips on all its longitudinal edges for direct connection of claw strips of a pug pile

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007020747A1 (en) * 2007-05-03 2008-11-13 Pilepro Llc Arrangement of several sheet pile wall components and welding profile for this purpose
US7935406B2 (en) 2007-05-03 2011-05-03 Pilepro, Llc Arrangement of multiple sheet pile components and welding profile therefor
US8088469B2 (en) 2007-05-03 2012-01-03 Pilepro, Llc Arrangement of multiple sheet pile components and welding profile therefor
US8323765B2 (en) 2007-05-03 2012-12-04 Pilepro, Llc Arrangement of multiple sheet pile components and welding profile therefor
DE102008011795A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Contexo Ag Connecting element for connecting sheet pile with carrier element, has lock section with contact surface to which lock comes in contact, where surface is arranged outside attachment section in combination sheet pile wall

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CN101146960B (en) 2013-01-02
WO2006082040A1 (en) 2006-08-10
US7387471B2 (en) 2008-06-17
BRPI0606559A2 (en) 2009-06-30
EA016081B1 (en) 2012-02-28
CA2596647A1 (en) 2006-08-10
DE502005010168D1 (en) 2010-10-14
EP1698733B1 (en) 2010-09-01
US20060179771A1 (en) 2006-08-17
MX2007009315A (en) 2008-02-21
EA200701637A1 (en) 2008-02-28
CN101146960A (en) 2008-03-19
ATE479798T1 (en) 2010-09-15

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