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EP1697036A1 - Synthesis furnace - Google Patents

Synthesis furnace

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Publication number
EP1697036A1
EP1697036A1 EP04790323A EP04790323A EP1697036A1 EP 1697036 A1 EP1697036 A1 EP 1697036A1 EP 04790323 A EP04790323 A EP 04790323A EP 04790323 A EP04790323 A EP 04790323A EP 1697036 A1 EP1697036 A1 EP 1697036A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
burners
burner
synthesis
inclination
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04790323A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Erfindernennung liegt noch nicht vor Die
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Uhde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uhde GmbH filed Critical Uhde GmbH
Publication of EP1697036A1 publication Critical patent/EP1697036A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/152—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a synthesis furnace having a furnace chamber enclosed by a circumferential furnace wall, in which a plurality of burners arranged substantially in one plane and directed downwards Brenneraustritts- direction and a plurality of substantially vertically and mutually parallel reaction tubes are arranged, the Reaction tube to be heated from the outside by the firing burner.
  • Such synthesis furnaces for example for the production of ammonia, methanol or hydrogen, are well known and are often designed for industrial use as a generic ceiling-fired box ovens with vertical reaction / crevices.
  • These split tubes are arranged in rows and are flowed through from top to bottom of process gas. This process gas is subjected to a so-called splitting process. The process gas is collected down inside or outside the furnace in exit collectors.
  • the tubes are heated by the vertically downwardly firing burner located in the top of the furnace, the flue gas produced by the burners flows through the furnace from top to bottom and is drawn off through flue gas tunnels located at the bottom (eg published in: "Ammonia: Principles and Industrial Practice / Max Appl - Weinheim; New York, Chichester; Brisbane; Singapore; Toronto: Wiley-VCH, 1999, ISBN 3 - 527 -29593 -3, pages 80-89).
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve the heat distribution and the total heat transfer to constructive and control technology as simple as possible.
  • the flame deflection of the outer rows of burners towards the center of the furnace can be significantly reduced by this compared to the above-described known solutions completely different approach to constructive and control technology simple way.
  • the result is a much more uniform outflow of the flue gases along the reaction tubes, the heat transfer is improved and the increased material load of the reaction tube by "hot spots" in prior art synthesis furnaces is significantly reduced, so that the lifetime of the reaction tube increases significantly.
  • the inclination of the burner outlet directions of the individual burners is different. This means that the burners are arranged at a corresponding angle of inclination depending on the suction effect of adjacent burner flames on the respective own flame (opposite to the suction effect of adjacent burners).
  • the inclination of the burner outlet directions of the burner increases outwardly toward the furnace wall. While the centrally located burners e.g. have no inclination, the inclination of the burner rows then increases to the outside to a maximum value.
  • the angle of inclination starting from the center, is between 0 and 10 °, preferably between 0 and 5 °.
  • the burners are mounted with an inclined burner outlet direction inclined overall and / or their burner opening is arranged inclined.
  • the inclination of the burner outlet directions is adjustable, ie this can be changed during the operation of the synthesis furnace to adapt to the respective conditions.
  • a control which takes into account the operating parameters of the synthesis furnace is provided for setting the inclinations.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the heat flux density for the outermost row of tubes over the tube length for a prior art synthesis furnace and a synthesis furnace according to the invention.
  • a synthesis furnace is generally designated 1 in FIG.
  • This synthesis furnace is box-shaped or parallelepiped-shaped and has a furnace chamber 3 enclosed by a circumferential furnace wall 2.
  • a plurality of substantially vertical and mutually parallel reaction tubes 4 are arranged, through which process gas is introduced from above, which is not shown in detail. This process gas flows from top to bottom through the reaction tubes 4 and is collected in the lower region of the furnace or outside thereof in outlet collectors, not shown.
  • a plurality of burners 5 are arranged in the upper region of the furnace chamber 3 substantially in a plane. These burners 5 each have a downwardly directed burner outlet direction, in FIG. 1, a vertical burner axis 6 is shown by dash-dotted lines for each burner 5.
  • a vertical burner axis 6 is shown by dash-dotted lines for each burner 5.
  • At least the outer burners 5 arranged in the region of the furnace wall 2 have a burner outlet direction R, which is inclined away from the center of the synthesis furnace 1 with respect to the vertical. This angle of inclination is designated ⁇ in FIG. 1 and defined relative to the associated vertical burner axis 6.
  • this inclination may also or additionally, depending on the arrangement of the burners, extend with respect to the center of the furnace space 3 in the plane extending transversely to the illustrated plane of the drawing ,
  • the center of the furnace chamber 3 is located in the region of the middle reaction tubes 4m receiving level.
  • the arrangement is then made so that the inclination increases starting from the inner burners to the furnace wall 2, can be seen the inclination ⁇ of the inner burner is smaller than the inclination ß of the middle burner and this in turn smaller than the slope a of the outer burner.
  • the angle of inclination a. the outer burner is about a maximum of 10 °, preferably at 5 °, the inclination angle ß and ⁇ are suitably chosen smaller.
  • the inclination of the burner 5 can be realized in different ways, it can be provided on the one hand, that the burners are installed inclined overall or only their burner port or burner nozzle.
  • a controller not shown, may be provided for the synthesis furnace 1, which makes an adjustment of inclinations taking into account the operating parameters of the synthesis furnace 1 ,
  • FIG. 2 a shows a very uneven temperature distribution in a conventional synthesis furnace without a tendency to burn.
  • FIG. 2b an embodiment according to the invention is shown. To recognize staltung, in which the outer burner or its burner outlet direction is inclined by 5 °, it shows a much more homogeneous temperature distribution.
  • FIG. 3a shows the flow conditions in a conventional synthesis furnace without a tendency to burn
  • FIG. 3b with a tendency to burn, namely by 5 ° in the case of the outer burners.
  • the unwanted dead zones are significantly reduced in the design according to the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a synthesis furnace comprising a furnace chamber that is surrounded by a continuous furnace wall. Said furnace chamber is equipped with a plurality of burners, the exit direction of which points downwards and which are located essentially on one plane, and a plurality of parallel reaction tubes that are arranged in an essentially vertical manner in relation to one another. The reaction tubes are heated externally by the ignited burners. The aim of the invention is to improve the thermal distribution and the global thermal transfer by means of the simplest possible construction and control technology. To achieve this, at least the outer burners (5) that are located in the vicinity of the furnace wall (2) have a burner exit direction (R), which runs at an incline away from the centre of the furnace in relation to the vertical.

Description

"Syntheseofen""Synthesis furnace"
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Syntheseofen mit einem von einer umlaufenden Ofenwand umschlossenen Ofenraum, in dem eine Vielzahl von im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene angeordneten Brennern mit nach unten gerichteter Brenneraustritts- richtung und eine Vielzahl von im Wesentlichen vertikal und parallel zueinander angeordneten Reaktionsrohren angeordnet sind, wobei die Reaktionsröhre von außen durch die feuernden Brenner beheizt werden.The invention relates to a synthesis furnace having a furnace chamber enclosed by a circumferential furnace wall, in which a plurality of burners arranged substantially in one plane and directed downwards Brenneraustritts- direction and a plurality of substantially vertically and mutually parallel reaction tubes are arranged, the Reaction tube to be heated from the outside by the firing burner.
Derartige Syntheseöfen, z.B. zur Erzeugung von Ammoniak, Methanol oder Wasserstoff, sind hinreichend bekannt und sind für den großtechnischen Einsatz häufig als gattungsgemäße deckengefeuerte Kastenöfen mit senkrecht stehenden Reaktions-/Spaltrohren ausgebildet. Diese Spaltrohre sind in Reihen angeordnet und werden von oben nach unten von Prozessgas durchströmt. Dieses Prozessgas wird dabei einem sogenannten Spaltprozess unterzogen. Das Prozessgas wird unten innerhalb oder außerhalb des Ofens in Austrittskollektoren gesammelt. In den zwischen den Rohrreihen liegenden Gassen werden die Rohre durch die oben im Ofen angeordneten vertikal nach unten feuernden Brenner erwärmt, dabei durchströmt das von den Brennern erzeugte Rauchgas den Ofen von oben nach unten und wird durch am Boden angeordnete Rauchgastunnel abgezogen (z.B. veröffentlicht in: "Ammonia: Principles and Industrial Practice/Max Appl - Weinheim; New York, Chichester; Brisbane; Singapore; Toronto: Wiley-VCH, 1999, ISBN 3 - 527 -29593 -3 , Seiten 80 - 89 ) .Such synthesis furnaces, for example for the production of ammonia, methanol or hydrogen, are well known and are often designed for industrial use as a generic ceiling-fired box ovens with vertical reaction / crevices. These split tubes are arranged in rows and are flowed through from top to bottom of process gas. This process gas is subjected to a so-called splitting process. The process gas is collected down inside or outside the furnace in exit collectors. In the lanes between the rows of tubes, the tubes are heated by the vertically downwardly firing burner located in the top of the furnace, the flue gas produced by the burners flows through the furnace from top to bottom and is drawn off through flue gas tunnels located at the bottom (eg published in: "Ammonia: Principles and Industrial Practice / Max Appl - Weinheim; New York, Chichester; Brisbane; Singapore; Toronto: Wiley-VCH, 1999, ISBN 3 - 527 -29593 -3, pages 80-89).
In derartigen Syntheseöfen, insbesondere mit einer Vielzahl von Rohrreihen, wird eine sehr ungleichmäßige, insbesondere in den äußeren Rohrreihen vor allem durch Rezirkulation geprägte Strömung beobachtet. Diese Rezirkulation führt zu niedrigen Rauchgas- und Prozessgastemperaturen in den äußeren Rohrreihen im Vergleich zu den mittleren Reihen. Diese niedrige Temperatur in den Außenreihen wirkt sich nachteilig auf den Spaltprozess aus. Bei den äußeren Brennerreihen kommt es außerdem zur Flammenablenkung, was den gesamten Wärmeübergang verschlechtert und die Materialbelastung erhöht.In such synthesis ovens, in particular with a plurality of rows of tubes, a very irregular, especially in the outer rows of tubes characterized mainly by recirculation flow is observed. This recirculation results in low flue gas and process gas temperatures in the outer rows of tubes compared to the middle rows. This low temperature in the outer rows adversely affects the nip process. The outer burner rows also cause flame deflection, which degrades the overall heat transfer and increases the material load.
Zur Vermeidung dieser bekannten Probleme sind bereits verschiedene Lösungswege vorgeschlagen worden (Fluegas Flow Patterns in Top-fired Steam Reforming Furnaces, P.W. Farneil & W.J. Cotton, Synetix, Billingham, England, 44th Annual Safety in Ammonia Plants and Related Facilities Symposium, Seattle, Washington, Paper no. 3e, September 27-30, 1999) . So ist zum einen vorgeschlagen worden, die äußeren Brenner mit höheren Luftaustrittsgeschwindigkeiten zu betreiben und zum anderen, das Prozessgas gezielt in unterschiedlicher Menge auf die Reaktionsröhre zu verteilen. Diese beiden Lösungen haben sich jedoch nicht als zufriedenstellend herausgestellt. Außerdem ist vorgeschlagen worden, den Brennerab- stand zur Ofenwand zu vergrößern. Diese Lösung behebt die vorbeschriebenen Probleme jedoch ebenfalls nicht.To overcome these known problems, various approaches have been proposed (Fluegas Flow Patterns in Top-fired Steam Reforming Furnaces, PW Farneil & WJ Cotton, Synetix, Billingham, England, 44th Annual Safety at Ammonia Plants and Related Facilities Symposium, Seattle, Washington). Paper no. 3e, September 27-30, 1999). Thus, on the one hand, it has been proposed to operate the outer burners with higher air outlet velocities and, on the other hand, to distribute the process gas selectively in different amounts to the reaction tube. However, these two solutions have not proven to be satisfactory. It has also been proposed to stood to enlarge the furnace wall. However, this solution also does not solve the problems described above.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, auf konstruktiv und steuerungstechnisch möglichst einfache Weise die Wärmeverteilung und den gesamten Wärmeübergang zu verbessern.The object of the invention is therefore to improve the heat distribution and the total heat transfer to constructive and control technology as simple as possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Syntheseofen der eingangs bezeichneten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass wenigstens die äußeren, im Bereich der Ofenwand angeordneten Brenner eine Brenneraustrittsrichtung aufweisen, welche vom Zentrum des Ofens wegführend gegenüber der Vertikalen geneigt ist.This object is achieved in a synthesis furnace of the type described according to the invention that at least the outer, arranged in the region of the furnace wall burner have a burner exit direction, which is inclined away from the center of the furnace relative to the vertical.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass durch diesen gegenüber den vorbeschriebenen bekannten Lösungswegen ganz anderen Lösungsweg auf konstruktiv und steuerungstechnisch einfache Weise die Flammenablenkung der äußeren Brennerreihen zum Zentrum des Ofens hin deutlich reduziert werden kann. Es entsteht eine wesentlich gleichmäßigere Abströmung der Rauchgase entlang der Reaktionsrohre, der Wärmeübergang wird verbessert und die erhöhte Materialbelastung der Reaktions- röhre durch "hot spots" bei Syntheseöfen nach dem Stand der Technik wird deutlich reduziert, so dass die Lebensdauer der Reaktionsröhre deutlich zunimmt. Um eine besonders gute Wärmeverteilung bzw. Rauchgasströmung zu erzielen, ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Neigung der Brenneraustrittsrichtungen der einzelnen Brenner unterschiedlich ist. Dies bedeutet, dass die Brenner abhängig von der Saugwirkung benachbarter Brennerflammen auf die jeweilige eigene Flamme in einem entsprechenden Neigungswinkel angeordnet werden (entgegengesetzt zur Saugwirkung benachbarter Brenner) .It has been found that the flame deflection of the outer rows of burners towards the center of the furnace can be significantly reduced by this compared to the above-described known solutions completely different approach to constructive and control technology simple way. The result is a much more uniform outflow of the flue gases along the reaction tubes, the heat transfer is improved and the increased material load of the reaction tube by "hot spots" in prior art synthesis furnaces is significantly reduced, so that the lifetime of the reaction tube increases significantly. In order to achieve a particularly good heat distribution or flue gas flow, it is preferably provided that the inclination of the burner outlet directions of the individual burners is different. This means that the burners are arranged at a corresponding angle of inclination depending on the suction effect of adjacent burner flames on the respective own flame (opposite to the suction effect of adjacent burners).
Dabei ist ganz besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Neigung der Brenneraustrittsrichtungen der Brenner, ausgehend vom Zentrum des Ofens, nach außen zur Ofenwand hin zunimmt. Während die zentral angeordneten Brenner z.B. keine Neigung aufweisen, nimmt die Neigung der Brennerreihen dann bis nach außen auf einen Maximalwert hin zu.It is quite particularly preferably provided that the inclination of the burner outlet directions of the burner, starting from the center of the furnace, increases outwardly toward the furnace wall. While the centrally located burners e.g. have no inclination, the inclination of the burner rows then increases to the outside to a maximum value.
Es hat sich als besonders zweckmäßig herausgestellt, dass der Neigungswinkel, ausgehend von Zentrum, zwischen 0 bis 10°, vorzugsweise zwischen 0 bis 5°, liegt.It has proved particularly expedient that the angle of inclination, starting from the center, is between 0 and 10 °, preferably between 0 and 5 °.
Um die Neigung der Brenner zu realisieren, kann konstruktiv bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass die Brenner mit geneigter Brenneraustrittsrichtung insgesamt geneigt eingebaut sind und/oder ihre Brenneröffnung geneigt angeordnet ist . Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass die Neigung der Brenneraustrittsrichtungen einstellbar ist, d.h. diese kann während des Betriebes des Syntheseofens zur Anpassung an die jeweiligen Verhältnisse verändert werden.In order to realize the inclination of the burners, it may be structurally preferred that the burners are mounted with an inclined burner outlet direction inclined overall and / or their burner opening is arranged inclined. Most preferably, it is provided that the inclination of the burner outlet directions is adjustable, ie this can be changed during the operation of the synthesis furnace to adapt to the respective conditions.
Dazu ist ganz besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass zur Einstellung der Neigungen eine die Betriebsparameter des Syntheseofens berücksichtigende Steuerung vorgesehen ist.For this purpose, it is very particularly preferably provided that a control which takes into account the operating parameters of the synthesis furnace is provided for setting the inclinations.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert. Diese zeigt in:The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawing. This shows in:
Fig. 1 eine Prinzipdarstellung eines Syntheseofens,1 is a schematic diagram of a synthesis furnace,
Fig. 2a die Temperaturverteilung in einem Syntheseofen nach dem Stand der Technik,2a shows the temperature distribution in a synthesis furnace according to the prior art,
Fig. 2b die Temperaturverteilung in einem erfindungsgemäßen Syntheseofen,2b shows the temperature distribution in a synthesis furnace according to the invention,
Fig. 3a Strömungslinien in einem Syntheseofen nach dem Stand der Technik,3a shows flow lines in a synthesis furnace according to the prior art,
Fig. 3b Strömungslinien in einem erfindungsgemäßen Syntheseofen und Fig. 4 ein Diagramm, in dem die Wärmestromdichte für die äußerste Rohrreihe über der Rohrlänge für einen Syntheseofen nach dem Stand der Technik und einem erfindungsgemäßen Syntheseofen dargestellt ist.3b flow lines in a synthesis furnace according to the invention and Fig. 4 is a graph showing the heat flux density for the outermost row of tubes over the tube length for a prior art synthesis furnace and a synthesis furnace according to the invention.
Ein Syntheseofen ist in Figur 1 allgemein mit 1 bezeichnet. Dieser Syntheseofen ist kästen- bzw. quaderförmig ausgebildet und weist einen von einer umlaufenden Ofenwand 2 umschlossenen Ofenraum 3 auf.A synthesis furnace is generally designated 1 in FIG. This synthesis furnace is box-shaped or parallelepiped-shaped and has a furnace chamber 3 enclosed by a circumferential furnace wall 2.
Innerhalb dieses Ofenraumes 3 sind eine Vielzahl von im Wesentlichen vertikal und parallel zueinander angeordneten Reaktionsröhren 4 angeordnet, durch welche von oben Prozess- gas eingeleitet wird, was nicht näher dargestellt ist. Dieses Prozessgas strömt von oben nach unten durch die Reaktionsrohre 4 und wird im unteren Bereich des Ofens bzw. außerhalb desselben in nicht dargestellten Austrittskollektoren gesammelt .Within this furnace chamber 3 a plurality of substantially vertical and mutually parallel reaction tubes 4 are arranged, through which process gas is introduced from above, which is not shown in detail. This process gas flows from top to bottom through the reaction tubes 4 and is collected in the lower region of the furnace or outside thereof in outlet collectors, not shown.
Im Bereich zwischen den Reaktionsrohren 4 bzw. aus diesen gebildeten Rohrreihen sind im oberen Bereich des Ofenraumes 3 im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene eine Vielzahl von Brennern 5 angeordnet. Diese Brenner 5 weisen jeweils eine nach unten gerichtete Brenneraustrittsrichtung auf, in Figur 1 ist für jeden Brenner 5 eine vertikale Brennerachse 6 strichpunktiert eingezeichnet . Wesentlich ist nun, dass wenigstens die äußeren im Bereich der Ofenwand 2 angeordneten Brenner 5 eine Brenneraustritts- richtung R aufweisen, welche vom Zentrum des Syntheseofens 1 wegführend gegenüber der Vertikalen geneigt ist. Dieser Neigungswinkel ist in Figur 1 mit α bezeichnet und gegenüber der zugehörigen vertikalen Brennerachse 6 definiert . Es versteht sich von selbst, dass, anders als in der zweidimen- sionalen Darstellung gemäß Figur 1, sich diese Neigung auch oder zusätzlich, je nach Anordnung der Brenner, gegenüber dem Zentrum des Ofenraumes 3 , in der quer zur dargestellten Zeichenebene erstreckten Ebene erstrecken kann. Das Zentrum des Ofenraumes 3 befindet sich dabei im Bereich der die mittleren Reaktionsrohre 4m aufnehmenden Ebene.In the region between the reaction tubes 4 or from these tube rows formed a plurality of burners 5 are arranged in the upper region of the furnace chamber 3 substantially in a plane. These burners 5 each have a downwardly directed burner outlet direction, in FIG. 1, a vertical burner axis 6 is shown by dash-dotted lines for each burner 5. What is essential is that at least the outer burners 5 arranged in the region of the furnace wall 2 have a burner outlet direction R, which is inclined away from the center of the synthesis furnace 1 with respect to the vertical. This angle of inclination is designated α in FIG. 1 and defined relative to the associated vertical burner axis 6. It goes without saying that, unlike in the two-dimensional representation according to FIG. 1, this inclination may also or additionally, depending on the arrangement of the burners, extend with respect to the center of the furnace space 3 in the plane extending transversely to the illustrated plane of the drawing , The center of the furnace chamber 3 is located in the region of the middle reaction tubes 4m receiving level.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist es, wenn nicht nur die Brenneraustrittsrichtungen R der äußeren Brenner 5 geneigt sind, sondern auch der mittleren und inneren Brenner, wobei die Anordnung dann so getroffen ist, dass die Neigung ausgehend von den inneren Brennern zur Ofenwand 2 hin zunimmt, erkennbar ist die Neigung γ der inneren Brenner kleiner als die Neigung ß der mittleren Brenner und diese wiederum kleiner als die Neigung a der äußeren Brenner.It is particularly useful if not only the burner exit directions R of the outer burner 5 are inclined, but also the middle and inner burner, the arrangement is then made so that the inclination increases starting from the inner burners to the furnace wall 2, can be seen the inclination γ of the inner burner is smaller than the inclination ß of the middle burner and this in turn smaller than the slope a of the outer burner.
Der Neigungswinkel a. der äußeren Brenner liegt etwa maximal bei 10°, vorzugsweise bei 5°, die Neigungswinkel ß und γ sind geeignet kleiner gewählt. Die Neigung der Brenner 5 kann auf unterschiedliche Weise realisiert werden, es kann einerseits vorgesehen sein, dass die Brenner insgesamt geneigt eingebaut sind oder nur ihre Brenneröffnung bzw. Brennerdüse.The angle of inclination a. the outer burner is about a maximum of 10 °, preferably at 5 °, the inclination angle ß and γ are suitably chosen smaller. The inclination of the burner 5 can be realized in different ways, it can be provided on the one hand, that the burners are installed inclined overall or only their burner port or burner nozzle.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist es, wenn die Neigung der Brenner 5 verstellbar, insbesondere auch während des Betriebes, ausgebildet ist, in diesem Falle kann eine nicht dargestellte Steuerung für den Syntheseofen 1 vorgesehen sein, die eine Einstellung der Neigungen unter Berücksichtigung der Betriebsparameter des Syntheseofens 1 vornimmt .It is particularly useful if the inclination of the burner 5 adjustable, especially during operation is formed, in this case, a controller, not shown, may be provided for the synthesis furnace 1, which makes an adjustment of inclinations taking into account the operating parameters of the synthesis furnace 1 ,
Durch diese Ausgestaltung der Brenner 5 wird die Flammenablenkung der äußeren Brennerreihen zur Mitte deutlich reduziert, es entsteht eine gleichmäßige oder gleichmäßigere Abströmung des Rauchgases entlang der Reaktionsröhre, der Wärmeübergang wird verbessert und die erhöhte Materialbelastung durch "not spots" deutlich reduziert.By this design of the burner 5, the flame deflection of the outer rows of torches to the center is significantly reduced, there is a uniform or more uniform outflow of the flue gas along the reaction tube, the heat transfer is improved and significantly reduces the increased material burden by "not spots".
Diese Vorteile gegenüber dem Stand der Technik sind deutlich aus den Figuren 2a, 2b einerseits und 3a, 3b andererseits zu erkennen.These advantages over the prior art can be clearly seen from FIGS. 2a, 2b, on the one hand, and 3a, 3b, on the other hand.
Figur 2a zeigt eine sehr ungleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung bei einem herkömmlichen Syntheseofen ohne Brennerneigung. Demgegenüber ist in Figur 2b eine erfindungsgemäße Ausge- staltung zu erkennen, bei der die äußeren Brenner bzw. deren Brenneraustrittsrichtung um 5° geneigt ist, es zeigt sich eine wesentlich homogenere Temperaturverteilung.FIG. 2 a shows a very uneven temperature distribution in a conventional synthesis furnace without a tendency to burn. In contrast, in FIG. 2b, an embodiment according to the invention is shown. To recognize staltung, in which the outer burner or its burner outlet direction is inclined by 5 °, it shows a much more homogeneous temperature distribution.
Ähnlich verhält es sich auch mit den Strömungsverhältnissen, die in den Figuren 3a und 3b dargestellt sind. Figur 3a zeigt die Strömungsverhältnisse bei einem herkömmlichen Syntheseofen ohne Brennerneigung und Figur 3b mit Brennerneigung, und zwar um 5° bei den äußeren Brennern. Die unerwünschten Totzonen (weiße leere Flächen) sind bei der erfindungsgemäßen Gestaltung deutlich reduziert.The situation is similar with the flow conditions shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b. FIG. 3a shows the flow conditions in a conventional synthesis furnace without a tendency to burn and FIG. 3b with a tendency to burn, namely by 5 ° in the case of the outer burners. The unwanted dead zones (white empty areas) are significantly reduced in the design according to the invention.
In Figur 4 ist die Wärmestromdichte für die äußerste Rohrreihe über der Rohrlänge aufgetragen, und zwar in gestrichelter Darstellung für einen Syntheseofen nach dem Stand der Technik und in durchgezogener Linie für einen erfindungsgemäßen Syntheseofen mit um 5° geneigten äußeren Brennern. Erkennbar ist die Wärmestromdichte über der Rohrlänge beim einem erfindungsgemäßen Syntheseofen wesentlich gleichmäßiger verteilt. In Figure 4, the heat flux density for the outermost row of tubes is plotted along the length of the tube, in phantom for a prior art synthesis furnace and in solid line for a 5 ° inclined outer burner synthesis invention. It can be seen that the heat flow density over the tube length is distributed much more uniformly in a synthesis furnace according to the invention.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Syntheseofen mit einem von einer umlaufenden Ofenwand umschlossenen Ofenraum, in dem eine Vielzahl von im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene angeordneten Brennern mit nach unten gerichteter Brenneraustrittsrichtung und eine Vielzahl von im Wesentlichen vertikal und parallel zueinander angeordneten Reaktionsrohren angeordnet sind, wobei die Reaktions- röhre von außen durch die feuernden Brenner beheizt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens die äußeren im Bereich der Ofenwand (2) angeordneten Brenner (5) eine Brenneraustrittsrichtung (R) aufweisen, welche vom Zentrum des Ofens wegführend gegenüber der Vertikalen geneigt ist.1. Synthesis furnace with a furnace chamber enclosed by a circumferential furnace wall, in which a multiplicity of burners arranged essentially in one plane with the burner outlet direction pointing downward and a multiplicity of reaction tubes arranged essentially vertically and parallel to one another are arranged, the reaction tube being from are heated externally by the firing burners, characterized in that at least the outer burners (5) arranged in the region of the furnace wall (2) have a burner outlet direction (R) which is inclined away from the center of the furnace with respect to the vertical.
2. Syntheseofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Neigung der Brenneraustrittsrichtungen (R) der einzelnen Brenner (5) unterschiedlich ist.2. Synthesis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclination of the burner outlet directions (R) of the individual burners (5) is different.
3. Syntheseofen nach Anspruch 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Neigung der Brenneraustrittsrichtungen (R) der Brenner (5) , ausgehend vom Zentrum des Ofens, nach außen zur Ofenwand (2) hin zunimmt. 3. Synthesis furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that the inclination of the burner outlet directions (R) of the burners (5), starting from the center of the furnace, increases towards the outside towards the furnace wall (2).
4. Syntheseofen nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Neigungswinkel, ausgehend vom Zentrum, zwischen 0 bis 10°, vorzugsweise zwischen 0 bis 5°, liegt.4. Synthesis furnace according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the angle of inclination, starting from the center, is between 0 to 10 °, preferably between 0 to 5 °.
5. Syntheseofen nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennezichnet, dass die Brenner (5) mit geneigter Brenneraustrittsrichtung (R) insgesamt geneigt eingebaut sind und/oder ihre Brenneröffnung geneigt angeordnet ist.5. Synthesis furnace according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized gekennezichnet that the burners (5) with an inclined burner outlet direction (R) are installed inclined overall and / or their burner opening is arranged inclined.
6. Syntheseofen nach Anspruch 5 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Neigung der Brenneraustrittsrichtungen (R) einstellbar ist.6. Synthesis furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that the inclination of the burner outlet directions (R) is adjustable.
7. Syntheseofen nach Anspruch 6 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Einstellung der Neigungen eine die Betriebsparameter des Syntheseofens berücksichtigende Steuerung vorgesehen ist. 7. Synthesis furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that a control taking into account the operating parameters of the synthesis furnace is provided for setting the inclinations.
EP04790323A 2003-12-04 2004-10-13 Synthesis furnace Withdrawn EP1697036A1 (en)

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DE10357064A DE10357064A1 (en) 2003-12-04 2003-12-04 synthesis furnace
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US8545213B2 (en) * 2010-03-09 2013-10-01 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reformer and method of operating the reformer
DE102010055453A1 (en) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Burner-fired reactor
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CN1890020A (en) 2007-01-03
RU2347607C2 (en) 2009-02-27
DE10357064A1 (en) 2005-07-07
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US20070128091A1 (en) 2007-06-07
US7531146B2 (en) 2009-05-12

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