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EP1683170B2 - Switching device - Google Patents

Switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1683170B2
EP1683170B2 EP04802681A EP04802681A EP1683170B2 EP 1683170 B2 EP1683170 B2 EP 1683170B2 EP 04802681 A EP04802681 A EP 04802681A EP 04802681 A EP04802681 A EP 04802681A EP 1683170 B2 EP1683170 B2 EP 1683170B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
switching device
hollow
arc
basic body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04802681A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1683170A1 (en
EP1683170B1 (en
Inventor
Joachim Gericke
Volker Lehmann
Andrzej Nowakowski
Klaus Schuler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Publication date
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Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1683170A1 publication Critical patent/EP1683170A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1683170B1 publication Critical patent/EP1683170B1/en
Publication of EP1683170B2 publication Critical patent/EP1683170B2/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • H01H2011/046—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion by plating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device with the features according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a switching device is from the document US 5,567,923 known.
  • Another switching device is for example from the European patent application EP 0 982 748 A1 known.
  • the arcing contact pieces are coated there by plasma spraying with an arc-resistant material, so that an arc burning between the arcing contact pieces causes little or no visible burn-up.
  • the rated current contact pieces also have, at their sliding surfaces, a sectionally applied burn-resistant protective layer applied by means of plasma spraying. Above the burn-resistant protective layer, the fixed rated current contact piece is silver plated.
  • the respective joints When abutting several materials such as burn-resistant material, electrically conductive silver and another metal such as the aluminum of the rated current contact piece, the respective joints always have irregularities.
  • the joint is mechanically resilient only to a reduced extent. Surface friction occurring when the sliding surfaces of the rated current contact pieces travel on each other can lead to phenomena of disintegration and thus to a weakening of the individual layers. So it is possible that starting from the joint place flaking off of individual layers takes place. As a result, the switching capacity of the switching device is reduced.
  • the invention has the object of providing a switching device of the type mentioned in such a way that with high current carrying capacity, the contact points withstand high mechanical and thermal stress.
  • the galvanic coating can for example consist of a good electrically conductive material, such as silver or gold. As a result, the contact resistance of the electrical contact is reduced. At the same time an oxidation of the arc-resistant material is prevented by the galvanic coating with a longer storage of the individual modules.
  • a galvanic finishing joints or boundary layers of different materials can be covered, whereby the mechanical strength and mechanical resistance of these bodies is improved.
  • the arc-resistant material in the form of a ring, covering the end faces of the hollow cylindrical body, is attached to the hollow cylindrical body.
  • the electric field in the direction of the switching path of the switching device is controlled in substantial parts by the shape of the ring.
  • the basic body itself is protected against the action of a switching arc. So an arc can attack at many points of the ring. This increases the stability of the ring.
  • the division into a hollow cylindrical body and a ring also has the further advantage that the hollow cylindrical body, for example, from a material of low density, such as aluminum, can be produced, whereby the total mass of the hollow cylindrical body and the attached arc-resistant material is reduced.
  • Arc-resistant materials are, for example, mixtures of the materials molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), Copper (Cu) and silver (Ag).
  • Mo molybdenum
  • W tungsten
  • Cu Copper
  • silver silver
  • As a material for the arc-resistant material for example, CuCrZr, CuZn39Pb3 or ECu57 can be used. These materials have a very high density, whereby the ring has a relatively high mass. In particular, when moving the equipped with the arc-resistant material rated current contact piece, the mass to be moved is limited by the multi-part design of the rated current contact piece.
  • the ring at its end facing away from the switching path end has a smaller radial wall thickness than at its end facing the switching path.
  • the ring is pressed by means of a Verbolzung in the axial direction of the hollow cylindrical body of the rated current contact piece.
  • a Verbolzung in the axial direction between the ring and the hollow cylindrical body allows to keep the outer contours of the ring and the hollow cylindrical body free of holes or other fasteners. This preserves the outer contour of the rated current contact piece. Furthermore, by an arrangement of the bolting in the axial direction in the interior of the hollow cylindrical base body, a sufficient volume is free to accommodate, for example, further modules or to direct the occurring during a switching operation quenching gas flows inside. For example, threaded rods, screw connections, pressed or crimped or glued bolts, etc. may be used for bolting.
  • the bolts are cage-like with their longitudinal axes parallel to the cylinder axis of the hollow cylindrical body. By a uniform distribution on the circumference of the hollow cylindrical body, a uniform contact pressure of the ring can be made against the hollow cylindrical body.
  • a further advantageous embodiment may provide that the hollow cylindrical base body has a radial projection, against which by means of a pressure element, an insulating body, in particular an insulating nozzle, is axially pressed.
  • the radial projection is a fixed stop for the insulating body.
  • the installation of the insulating body by means of a pressure element in a short time. Additional measurements, adjustments or adjustments of the insulator are therefore not necessary.
  • a pressure element for example, serve an annular disc which transmits the contact pressure uniformly on the insulating body. In this case, it is advantageous if the radial projection is also formed annularly circumferentially.
  • the hollow cylindrical base body has a reduced outer diameter at its end facing the switching path.
  • the radial projection on the hollow cylinder inner casing is arranged in the region of the reduced outside diameter.
  • a further advantageous embodiment can provide that the ring has fastening devices in the region of its enlarged radial wall thickness.
  • Sections with increased wall thickness allow flexible location of fasteners to be selected. At the same time, such sections have a relatively high mechanical strength.
  • fastening devices for example, threaded holes or other anchoring points are providable.
  • the in the FIG. 1 Switching device shown is a high-voltage circuit breaker 1.
  • a high-voltage circuit breaker 1 is used to switch rated currents and short-circuit currents.
  • the high-voltage power switch 1 has a first arcing contact piece 2 and a second arcing contact piece 3.
  • the first arcing contact piece 2 is substantially cylindrical in shape and has at its the switching path of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 end facing a coating with an arc-resistant material.
  • the second arcing contact piece 3 is designed in the form of a tulip contact into which the first arcing contact piece 2 can be inserted. At its end facing the switching path, the second arcing contact piece 3 likewise has a coating of arc-resistant material.
  • the two arcing contact pieces 2, 3 are arranged axially opposite one another on a main axis 4. Concentric with the first arcing contact piece 2, a first rated current contact piece 5 is arranged. Concentric with the second arcing contact piece 3, a second rated current contact piece 6 is arranged.
  • the first rated current contact piece 5 has at its the switching path end facing a plurality of elastic contact fingers 7, which are in the closed state of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 with the outer jacket of the second rated current contact piece 6 in electrically conductive contact.
  • the second arcing contact piece 3 is surrounded by an insulating material 8. The insulating material nozzle 8 is held on the second rated current contact piece 6.
  • the rated current contact pieces 5, 6 and the arcing contact pieces 2, 3 are along the main axis 4 relative to each other movable, in such a way that at a power-up first the arcing contact pieces 2, 3 and then contact the rated current contact pieces 5, 6. In the event of a switch-off operation, first the rated current contacts 5, 6 open, then the arcing contact pieces 2, 3 separate.
  • the second rated current contact piece 6 has a substantially hollow-cylindrical main body 6a.
  • the hollow cylindrical main body 6a is frontally covered with a ring 9 of arc-resistant material.
  • the ring also has a substantially hollow cylindrical structure, wherein the switching distance of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 facing hollow cylinder top surface is rounded.
  • the wall thickness of the ring 9 at the side remote from the switching path side is lower than at its the switching path side facing. This is achieved in the present embodiment by increasing the inner diameter of the ring 9 on its side facing away from the switching path side.
  • a conical or parabolic course of the inner circumferential surface of the ring 9 or other suitable geometric shapes can be used.
  • the hollow cylindrical base body 6a has a reduced outer diameter at its end facing the switching path. The reduced outer diameter of the hollow cylindrical base body 6a and the enlarged inner diameter of the ring 9 are matched to one another such that the ring 9 can be plugged onto the hollow cylindrical base body 6a.
  • the ring 9 For pressing the ring 9 against the hollow cylindrical base body 6a, the ring 9 has a plurality of threaded holes into which bolts 10 can be screwed.
  • the bolts 10 are each supported on edges of recesses, which are arranged symmetrically distributed parallel to the main axis 4 in the shell of the hollow cylindrical body 6a.
  • the surface of the ring 9 is coated with a galvanic layer. This galvanic layer is for example a silver layer.
  • the hollow cylindrical base body 6a is provided with a galvanic coating.
  • the arrangement of the ring 9 made of arc-proof material also makes it possible to control high switching powers in which switching arcs occur even at the rated current contact pieces despite the use of arcing contact pieces.
  • the use of the arc-resistant ring 9 allows a compact design of a high-voltage circuit breaker.
  • FIG. 2 is a cut through the out of the FIG. 1 known high-voltage circuit breaker 1 shown. However, the cutting plane is pivoted about the main axis 4, so that now the attachment of the insulating material 8 can be seen.
  • the insulating material nozzle 8 is held by means of further bolts 11, which are screwed into threaded bores of the substantially hollow cylindrical base body 6a. In this case, the threaded holes are aligned such that the other bolts 11 are arranged as well as the bolts 10 parallel to the main axis 4.
  • the hollow cylindrical base body 6a has an annular projection 12. against the annular projection 12 a circumferential shoulder of the insulating material 8 is pressed.
  • the contact pressure of the shoulder against the annular projection 12 is generated by means of a pressure element 13 in the form of a pressure plate, which is held by the other bolts 11.
  • the annular projection 12 is disposed on the inner shell side of the substantially hollow cylindrical body 6a, in the portion 14 in which the outer diameter of the hollow cylindrical body 6a is reduced.
  • the FIG. 3 shows a section along in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown section plane AA.
  • the pressure element 13 has an annular disk-shaped structure which has recesses which are penetrated by the further bolts 11. By means of the further bolts 11, the pressure element 13 is pressed against the projection 12 with the interposition of the projecting shoulder of the insulating material nozzle 8. Furthermore, the pressure element 13 is designed such that in order to achieve a small overall diameter of the arrangement, the pressure element 13 has lateral notches to allow attachment of the ring 9 by means of the bolts 10. By this constructive shape, it is possible independently of each other to secure the ring 9 and the insulating material 8. As a result, the two connections are decoupled from each other. Any disturbances or thermal expansions etc. of one connection point are thus largely kept away from the other connection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical switching device (1), especially a high-voltage circuit breaker, comprising arcing contacts (2, 3) and nominal current contacts (5, 6). At least one of the nominal current contacts (2, 3) has a surface consisting of an arc-resistant material provided with a galvanic coating.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Schalteinrichtung mit den Merkmalen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Eine derartige Schalteinrichtung ist aus der Schrift US 5,567,923 bekannt.The invention relates to a switching device with the features according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a switching device is from the document US 5,567,923 known.

Eine andere Schalteinrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 982 748 A1 bekannt. Die Lichtbogenkontaktstücke sind dort durch Plasmaspritzen mit einem lichtbogenfesten Material überzogen, so dass ein zwischen den Lichtbogenkontaktstücken brennender Lichtbogen keinen oder nur einen seht geringen Abbrand bewirkt. Weiterhin weisen die Nennstromkontaktstücke an deren Gleitflächen abschnittsweise ebenfalls eine mittels Plasmaspritzens aufgebrachte abbrandresistente Schutzschicht auf. Oberhalb der abbrandresistenten Schutzschicht ist das feststehende Nennstromkontaktstück versilbert.Another switching device is for example from the European patent application EP 0 982 748 A1 known. The arcing contact pieces are coated there by plasma spraying with an arc-resistant material, so that an arc burning between the arcing contact pieces causes little or no visible burn-up. Furthermore, the rated current contact pieces also have, at their sliding surfaces, a sectionally applied burn-resistant protective layer applied by means of plasma spraying. Above the burn-resistant protective layer, the fixed rated current contact piece is silver plated.

Bei dem Aneinanderstoßen mehrerer Materialien wie abbrandresistentem Material, elektrisch leitfähigem Silber sowie einem weiteren Metall wie beispielsweise das Aluminium des Nennstromkontaktstückes weisen die jeweiligen Stoßstellen stets Unregelmäßigkeiten auf. Die Stoßstelle ist nur in einem vermindertem Umfang mechanisch belastbar. Bei einem Aufeinanderfahren der Gleitflächen der Nennstromkontaktstücke entstehende Oberflächenreibung kann zu Auflösungserscheinungen und so zu einer Schwächung der einzelnen Schichten führt. So st es möglich, dass ausgehend von der Stoßstelle ein abplatzen einzelner Schichten stattfindet. Dadurch ist das Schaltvermögen der Schalteinrichtung vermindert.When abutting several materials such as burn-resistant material, electrically conductive silver and another metal such as the aluminum of the rated current contact piece, the respective joints always have irregularities. The joint is mechanically resilient only to a reduced extent. Surface friction occurring when the sliding surfaces of the rated current contact pieces travel on each other can lead to phenomena of disintegration and thus to a weakening of the individual layers. So it is possible that starting from the joint place flaking off of individual layers takes place. As a result, the switching capacity of the switching device is reduced.

Weiter ist bekannt, elektrische Kontakte mit einer galvanisch aufgebrachten Silberschicht zu versehen ( DE 42 30 060 A1 ). Dazu gibt die US 2,504,906 weiter an, ein abbrandfestes Material vor einer galvanischen Beschichtung einer speziellen Oberflächenbehandlung zu unterziehen.It is also known to provide electrical contacts with a galvanically applied silver layer ( DE 42 30 060 A1 ). This gives the US 2,504,906 continue to submit a erosion-resistant material before a galvanic coating a special surface treatment.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schalteinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art derart auszubilden, dass bei einer hohen Stromtragfähigkeit die Kontaktstellen einer hohen mechanischen sowie thermischen Belastung standhalten.The invention has the object of providing a switching device of the type mentioned in such a way that with high current carrying capacity, the contact points withstand high mechanical and thermal stress.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Schalteinrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by a switching device with the features of claim 1.

Der galvanische Überzug kann beispielsweise aus einem elektrisch gut leitenden Material, wie beispielsweise Silber oder Gold, bestehen. Dadurch wird der Übergangswiderstand des elektrischen Kontaktes vermindert. Gleichzeitig wird durch den galvanischen Überzug bei einer längeren Lagerung der einzelnen Baugruppen eine Oxidation an dem lichtbogenfesten Material verhindert. Durch eine Einbeziehung des lichtbogenfesten Materials in eine galvanische Veredelung sind Stoßstellen bzw. Grenzschichten verschiedener Materialien abdeckbar, wodurch die mechanische Belastbarkeit und die mechanische Widerstandsfähigkeit dieser Stellen verbessert wird.The galvanic coating can for example consist of a good electrically conductive material, such as silver or gold. As a result, the contact resistance of the electrical contact is reduced. At the same time an oxidation of the arc-resistant material is prevented by the galvanic coating with a longer storage of the individual modules. By incorporating the arc-resistant material in a galvanic finishing joints or boundary layers of different materials can be covered, whereby the mechanical strength and mechanical resistance of these bodies is improved.

Durch eine Anordnung der Kontaktierungspunkte der beiden Nennstromkontaktstücke im Bereich des lichtbogenfesten Materials ist es von vornherein vermieden, dass bei einem Schaltvorgang die einzelnen Kontaktflächen über Fügestellen hinüberbewegt werden müssen. Dadurch sind die Fügestellen vor einer mechanischen Belastung des Auf- und Abschiebens der entsprechenden Kontaktteile der Nennstromkontaktstücke geschützt. Aus diesem Grunde ist es möglich, die Fügestellen mit einer erhöhten Toleranz zu fertigen. Ein galvanischer Überzug kann an dieser Fügestelle kaum durch eine mechanische Belastung von den Nennstromkontaktstücken abgelöst werden. Damit ist die Standfestigkeit der Kontaktstücke der Schalteinrichtung verbessert.By arranging the contacting points of the two rated current contact pieces in the region of the arc-resistant material, it is avoided from the outset that the individual contact surfaces must be moved over joints in a switching operation. As a result, the joints are protected against mechanical stress on the up and pushing off of the corresponding contact parts of the rated current contact pieces. For this reason, it is possible to manufacture the joints with an increased tolerance. A galvanic coating can hardly be replaced at this joint by a mechanical load from the rated current contact pieces. Thus, the stability of the contact pieces of the switching device is improved.

Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass das lichtbogenfeste Material in Form eines Ringes, stirnseitige Flächen des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers abdeckend, an dem hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper befestigt ist.It is further provided that the arc-resistant material in the form of a ring, covering the end faces of the hollow cylindrical body, is attached to the hollow cylindrical body.

Durch ein Abdecken der stirnseitigen Flächen des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers ist das elektrische Feld in Richtung der Schaltstrecke der Schalteinrichtung zu wesentlichen Teilen durch die Form des Ringes gesteuert. Dadurch ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, für die Fertigung des Grundkörpers Fertigungsverfahren mit einer geringeren Präzision, beispielsweise einer verminderten Oberflächengüte, einzusetzen, als bei dem für die Feldsteuerung eingesetzten Ring. Weiterhin ist es möglich, den Grundkörper mit verschiedenen Ringformen auszurüsten, so dass verschiedene Beeinflussungen des elektrischen Feldes im Bereich der Schaltstrecke der Schalteinrichtung erzielt werden. Weiterhin ist bei einer vollständigen Abdeckung der stirnseitigen Flächen des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers der Grundkörper selbst vor dem Einwirken eines Schaltlichtbogens geschützt. So kann ein Lichtbogen an vielen Punkten des Ringes angreifen. Damit ist die Standfestigkeit des Ringes erhöht. Die Aufteilung in einen hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper und einen Ring hat darüber hinaus weiter den Vorteil, dass der hohlzylindrische Grundkörper beispielsweise aus einem Material geringer Dichte, wie beispielsweise Aluminium, herstellbar ist, wodurch die Gesamtmasse des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers und des daran befestigten lichtbogenfesten Materials vermindert ist. Lichtbogenfeste Materialien sind beispielsweise Gemische aus den Werkstoffen Molybdän (Mo), Wolfram (W), Kupfer (Cu) und Silber (Ag). Als Werkstoff für das lichtbogenfeste Material sind beispielsweise CuCrZr, CuZn39Pb3 oder ECu57 einsetzbar. Diese Materialien weisen eine sehr hohe Dichte auf, wodurch der Ring eine verhältnismäßig hohe Masse aufweist. Insbesondere bei einem Bewegen des mit dem lichtbogenfesten Material ausgestatteten Nennstromkontaktstückes ist durch den mehrteiligen Aufbau des Nennstromkontaktstückes die zu bewegende Masse begrenzt.By covering the frontal surfaces of the hollow cylindrical base body, the electric field in the direction of the switching path of the switching device is controlled in substantial parts by the shape of the ring. This results in the possibility of using production methods with a lower precision, for example a reduced surface quality, for the production of the base body than in the ring used for the field control. Furthermore, it is possible to equip the main body with different ring shapes, so that different influences of the electric field in the region of the switching path of the switching device can be achieved. Furthermore, with a complete covering of the frontal surfaces of the hollow cylindrical basic body, the basic body itself is protected against the action of a switching arc. So an arc can attack at many points of the ring. This increases the stability of the ring. The division into a hollow cylindrical body and a ring also has the further advantage that the hollow cylindrical body, for example, from a material of low density, such as aluminum, can be produced, whereby the total mass of the hollow cylindrical body and the attached arc-resistant material is reduced. Arc-resistant materials are, for example, mixtures of the materials molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), Copper (Cu) and silver (Ag). As a material for the arc-resistant material, for example, CuCrZr, CuZn39Pb3 or ECu57 can be used. These materials have a very high density, whereby the ring has a relatively high mass. In particular, when moving the equipped with the arc-resistant material rated current contact piece, the mass to be moved is limited by the multi-part design of the rated current contact piece.

Weiter ist vorgesehen, dass der Ring an seinem von der Schaltstrecke abgewandten Ende eine geringere radiale Wandstärke aufweist als an seinem der Schaltstrecke zugewandten Ende.It is further provided that the ring at its end facing away from the switching path end has a smaller radial wall thickness than at its end facing the switching path.

Aufgrund der bereits oben angesprochenen hohen Dichte weisen selbst kleine Bauteile aus lichtbogenfestem Material eine vergleichsweise hohe Masse auf. Eine Reduzierung der Wandstärken auf das absolut notwendige Minimum gestattet daher, lichtbogenfestes Material einzusparen. Weiterhin kann bei einer gestuften Ausführung des Ringes, wobei das der Schaltstrecke zugewandte Ende eine größere Wandstärke aufweist als das von der Schaltstrecke abgewandte Ende, in einfacher Weise auf den hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper aufgesteckt werden. Durch diese Ausgestaltung der Form des Ringes ist dieser selbsttätig zentrierend auf den hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper aufsteckbar. Dadurch wird eine vereinfachte Montage bewirkt. Gleichzeitig sind die einander berührenden Punkte von hohlzylindrischem Grundkörper und lichtbogenfestem Ring aufgrund der vergrößerten Fläche in ihrer Anzahl erhöht. Durch eine erhöhte Anzahl von Berührungspunkten wird der elektrische Übergangswiderstand zwischen dem lichtbogenfesten Ring und dem hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper vermindert.Due to the high density already mentioned above, even small components of arc-resistant material have a comparatively high mass. A reduction of the wall thickness to the absolutely necessary minimum therefore allows to save arc-resistant material. Furthermore, in a stepped embodiment of the ring, wherein the end of the switching path facing having a greater wall thickness than the end remote from the switching path end, be plugged easily on the hollow cylindrical body. This design of the shape of the ring is this automatically centered on the hollow cylindrical body plugged. This causes a simplified assembly. At the same time, the contact points of hollow cylindrical base body and arc-resistant ring are increased in number due to the increased area. By an increased number of contact points, the electrical contact resistance between the arc-resistant ring and the hollow cylindrical body is reduced.

Weiter ist vorgesehen, dass der Ring mittels einer Verbolzung in axialer Richtung an den hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper des Nennstromkontaktstückes gepresst ist.It is further provided that the ring is pressed by means of a Verbolzung in the axial direction of the hollow cylindrical body of the rated current contact piece.

Eine Verbolzung in axialer Richtung zwischen dem Ring und dem hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper gestattet es, die äußeren Konturen des Ringes und des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers frei von Bohrungen oder anderen Befestigungsmitteln zu halten. Damit bleibt die äußere Kontur des Nennstromkontaktstückes erhalten. Weiterhin bleibt durch eine Anordnung der Verbolzungen in axialer Richtung im Innern des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers ein ausreichendes Volumen frei, um beispielsweise weitere Baugruppen aufzunehmen oder die bei einem Schaltvorgang auftretenden Löschgasströme im Innern zu lenken und zu leiten. Zur Verbolzung können beispielsweise Gewindestangen, Verschraubungen, verpresste oder vercrimpte bzw. eingeklebte Bolzen usw. Verwendung finden. Die Bolzen liegen dabei käfigartig mit ihren Längsachsen parallel zu der Zylinderachse des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers. Durch eine gleichmäßige Verteilung am Umfang des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers kann eine gleichmäßige Anpressung des Ringes gegen den hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper erfolgen.A Verbolzung in the axial direction between the ring and the hollow cylindrical body allows to keep the outer contours of the ring and the hollow cylindrical body free of holes or other fasteners. This preserves the outer contour of the rated current contact piece. Furthermore, by an arrangement of the bolting in the axial direction in the interior of the hollow cylindrical base body, a sufficient volume is free to accommodate, for example, further modules or to direct the occurring during a switching operation quenching gas flows inside. For example, threaded rods, screw connections, pressed or crimped or glued bolts, etc. may be used for bolting. The bolts are cage-like with their longitudinal axes parallel to the cylinder axis of the hollow cylindrical body. By a uniform distribution on the circumference of the hollow cylindrical body, a uniform contact pressure of the ring can be made against the hollow cylindrical body.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung kann vorsehen, dass der hohlzylindrische Grundkörper einen radialen Vorsprung aufweist, gegen welchen mittels eines Druckelementes ein Isolierkörper, insbesondere eine Isolierstoffdüse, axial gepresst ist.A further advantageous embodiment may provide that the hollow cylindrical base body has a radial projection, against which by means of a pressure element, an insulating body, in particular an insulating nozzle, is axially pressed.

Der radiale Vorsprung stellt einen festen Anschlag für den Isolierkörper dar. Somit ist die Lage des Isolierkörpers bezüglich des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers eindeutig festgelegt. Der Einbau des Isolierkörpers erfolgt mittels eines Druckelementes in einer kurzen Zeit. Zusätzliche Messungen, Anpassungen oder Justagen des Isolierkörpers sind somit nicht notwendig. Als Druckelement kann beispielsweise eine ringförmige Scheibe dienen, welche die Anpresskraft gleichmäßig auf den Isolierkörper überträgt. In diesem Falle ist es von Vorteil, wenn der radiale Vorsprung ebenfalls ringförmig umlaufend ausgebildet ist.The radial projection is a fixed stop for the insulating body. Thus, the position of the insulating body with respect to the hollow cylindrical body is clearly defined. The installation of the insulating body by means of a pressure element in a short time. Additional measurements, adjustments or adjustments of the insulator are therefore not necessary. As a pressure element, for example, serve an annular disc which transmits the contact pressure uniformly on the insulating body. In this case, it is advantageous if the radial projection is also formed annularly circumferentially.

Weiter ist vorgesehen, dass der hohlzylindrische Grundkörper an seinem der Schaltstrecke zugewandten Ende einen verminderten Außendurchmesser aufweist. Vorteilhafterweise ist der radiale Vorsprung am Hohlzylinderinnenmantel im Bereich des verminderten Außendurchmessers angeordnet.It is further provided that the hollow cylindrical base body has a reduced outer diameter at its end facing the switching path. Advantageously, the radial projection on the hollow cylinder inner casing is arranged in the region of the reduced outside diameter.

Bei einer derartigen Anordnung des radialen Vorsprungs ergibt sich zwischen den Anpressbacken des Vorsprunges und des Druckelementes ein ausreichender Abstand, um die Eigenelastizität des Isolierkörpermaterials vorteilhaft zu nutzen. Aufgrund thermischer Einwirkungen kommt es zu Dehnungen bzw. Schrumpfungen des Isoliermaterials. Daher ist es notwendig, bei dem Einsatz einer Klemmverbindung ein ausreichendes Isolierkörpervolumen einzuspannen. Nur so kann bei verschiedenen thermischen Belastungen eine ausreichende Haltekraft auf den Isolierkörper einwirken. Ein zu geringer Spannbereich wäre nicht dazu geeignet, die notwendigen Kräfte dauerhaft aufzubringen. Weiterhin kann der Isolierkörper sehr nahe der Stirnseite des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers angeschlagen werden. Dadurch vermindert sich die benötigte Baulänge für die Gesamtkonstruktion der Befestigung des abbrandfesten Ringes sowie der Isolierstoffdüse an dem hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper.In such an arrangement of the radial projection results between the Anpressbacken of the projection and the pressure element, a sufficient distance to take advantage of the inherent elasticity of the Isolierkörpermaterials advantageous. Due to thermal effects, there are strains or shrinkages of the insulating material. Therefore, it is necessary to clamp in the use of a clamping connection sufficient Isolierkörpervolumen. Only then can a sufficient holding force act on the insulating body at different thermal loads. Too low a clamping range would not be suitable to apply the necessary forces permanently. Furthermore, the insulating body can be struck very close to the front side of the hollow cylindrical body. This reduces the required overall length for the overall construction of the attachment of the erosion-resistant ring and the insulating nozzle to the hollow cylindrical body.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung kann vorsehen, dass der Ring im Bereich seiner vergrößerten radialen Wandstärke Befestigungseinrichtungen aufweist.A further advantageous embodiment can provide that the ring has fastening devices in the region of its enlarged radial wall thickness.

Abschnitte mit einer vergrößerten Wandstärke gestatten es, flexibel den Ort von Befestigungseinrichtungen zu wählen. Gleichzeitig weisen derartige Abschnitte eine verhältnismäßig große mechanische Festigkeit auf. Als Befestigungseinrichtungen sind beispielsweise Gewindebohrungen oder andere Verankerungspunkte vorsehbar.Sections with increased wall thickness allow flexible location of fasteners to be selected. At the same time, such sections have a relatively high mechanical strength. As fastening devices, for example, threaded holes or other anchoring points are providable.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in einer Zeichnung schematisch gezeigt und nachfolgend näher beschrieben.In the following the invention is shown schematically with reference to an embodiment in a drawing and described in more detail below.

Dabei zeigt die

Figur 1
einen Schnitt durch eine Schalteinrichtung, die
Figur 2
einen weiteren Schnitt durch die Schalteinrichtung sowie die
Figur 3
einen Schnitt durch die in den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigten Schalteinrichtung entlang der Achse A-A.
It shows the
FIG. 1
a section through a switching device, the
FIG. 2
another section through the switching device and the
FIG. 3
a cut through in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown switching device along the axis AA.

Die in der Figur 1 dargestellte Schalteinrichtung ist ein Hochspannungsleistungsschalter 1. Ein Hochspannungsleistungsschalter 1 wird eingesetzt, um Nennströme und Kurzschlussströme zu schalten. Der Hochspannungsleistungsschalter 1 weist ein erstes Lichtbogenkontaktstück 2 und ein zweites Lichtbogenkontaktstück 3 auf. Das erste Lichtbogenkontaktstück 2 ist im Wesentlichen zylinderförmig ausgestaltet und weist an seinem der Schaltstrecke des Hochspannungsleistungsschalters 1 zugewandten Ende eine Beschichtung mit einem lichtbogenfesten Material auf. Das zweite Lichtbogenkontaktstück 3 ist in Form eines Tulpenkontaktes ausgestaltet, in welches das erste Lichtbogenkontaktstück 2 einfahrbar ist. An seinem der Schaltstrecke zugewandten Ende weist das zweite Lichtbogenkontaktstück 3 ebenfalls eine Beschichtung aus lichtbogenfestem Material auf. Die beiden Lichtbogenkontaktstücke 2, 3 sind auf einer Hauptachse 4 einander axial gegenüberliegend angeordnet. Konzentrisch zu dem ersten Lichtbogenkontaktstück 2 ist ein erstes Nennstromkontaktstück 5 angeordnet. Konzentrisch zu dem zweiten Lichtbogenkontaktstück 3 ist ein zweites Nennstromkontaktstück 6 angeordnet. Das erste Nennstromkontaktstück 5 weist an seinem der Schaltstrecke zugewandten Ende eine Vielzahl von elastischen Kontaktfingern 7 auf, welche in geschlossenem Zustand des Hochspannungsleistungsschalters 1 mit dem Außenmantel des zweiten Nennstromkontaktstückes 6 in elektrisch leitendem Kontakt stehen. Weiterhin ist das zweite Lichtbogenkontaktstück 3 von einer Isolierstoffdüse 8 umgeben. Die Isolierstoffdüse 8 ist an dem zweiten Nennstromkontaktstück 6 gehalten. Die Nennstromkontaktstücke 5, 6 sowie die Lichtbogenkontaktstücke 2, 3 sind längs der Hauptachse 4 relativ zueinander bewegbar, und zwar derart, dass bei einem Einschaltvorgang zunächst die Lichtbogenkontaktstücke 2, 3 und anschließend die Nennstromkontaktstücke 5, 6 kontaktieren. Bei einem Ausschaltvorgang öffnen zunächst die Nennstromkontakte 5, 6, anschließend trennen sich die Lichtbogenkontaktstücke 2, 3. Das zweite Nennstromkontaktstück 6 weist einen im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper 6a auf. Der hohlzylindrische Grundkörper 6a ist stirnseitig mit einem Ring 9 aus lichtbogenfestem Material bedeckt. Der Ring weist ebenfalls eine im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrische Struktur auf, wobei die der Schaltstrecke des Hochspannungsleistungsschalters 1 zugewandte Hohlzylinderdeckfläche abgerundet ist. Weiterhin ist die Wandstärke des Ringes 9 an der von der Schaltstrecke abgewandten Seite geringer als an seiner der Schaltstrecke zugewandten Seite. Dies ist im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine Vergrößerung des Innendurchmessers des Ringes 9 auf seiner von der Schaltstrecke abgewandten Seite erzielt. Darüber hinaus kann auch ein konischer oder parabelförmiger Verlauf der Innenmantelfläche des Ringes 9 oder andere geeignete geometrische Formen Verwendung finden. Der hohlzylindrische Grundkörper 6a weist an seinem der Schaltstrecke zugewandten Ende einen verringerten Außendurchmesser auf. Der verringerte Außendurchmesser des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers 6a sowie der vergrößerte Innendurchmesser des Ringes 9 sind derart aufeinander abgestimmt, dass der Ring 9 auf den hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper 6a aufsteckbar ist. Zur Anpressung des Ringes 9 gegen den hohlzylindrischen Grundkörper 6a weist der Ring 9 mehrere Gewindebohrungen auf, in welche Bolzen 10 einschraubbar sind. Die Bolzen 10 stützen sich jeweils an Rändern von Ausnehmungen ab, welche parallel zu der Hauptachse 4 im Mantel des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers 6a symmetrisch verteilt angeordnet sind. Die Oberfläche des Ringes 9 ist mit einer galvanischen Schicht überzogen. Diese galvanische Schicht ist beispielsweise eine Silberschicht. Ebenso ist der hohlzylindrische Grundkörper 6a mit einer galvanischen Beschichtung versehen. Im eingeschalteten Zustand des Hochspannungsleistungsschalters 1 ruhen die Kontaktpunkte der elektrischen Kontaktfinger 7 im Bereich 11 des Ringes 9. Durch die Anordnung des Ringes 9 aus lichtbogenfestem Material sind auch hohe Schaltleistungen beherrschbar, bei denen es trotz der Verwendung von Lichtbogenkontaktstücken auch an den Nennstromkontaktstücken Schaltlichtbögen auftreten. Der Einsatz des lichtbogenfesten Ringes 9 gestattet eine kompakte Bauweise eines Hochspannungsleistungsschalters.The in the FIG. 1 Switching device shown is a high-voltage circuit breaker 1. A high-voltage circuit breaker 1 is used to switch rated currents and short-circuit currents. The high-voltage power switch 1 has a first arcing contact piece 2 and a second arcing contact piece 3. The first arcing contact piece 2 is substantially cylindrical in shape and has at its the switching path of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 end facing a coating with an arc-resistant material. The second arcing contact piece 3 is designed in the form of a tulip contact into which the first arcing contact piece 2 can be inserted. At its end facing the switching path, the second arcing contact piece 3 likewise has a coating of arc-resistant material. The two arcing contact pieces 2, 3 are arranged axially opposite one another on a main axis 4. Concentric with the first arcing contact piece 2, a first rated current contact piece 5 is arranged. Concentric with the second arcing contact piece 3, a second rated current contact piece 6 is arranged. The first rated current contact piece 5 has at its the switching path end facing a plurality of elastic contact fingers 7, which are in the closed state of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 with the outer jacket of the second rated current contact piece 6 in electrically conductive contact. Furthermore, the second arcing contact piece 3 is surrounded by an insulating material 8. The insulating material nozzle 8 is held on the second rated current contact piece 6. The rated current contact pieces 5, 6 and the arcing contact pieces 2, 3 are along the main axis 4 relative to each other movable, in such a way that at a power-up first the arcing contact pieces 2, 3 and then contact the rated current contact pieces 5, 6. In the event of a switch-off operation, first the rated current contacts 5, 6 open, then the arcing contact pieces 2, 3 separate. The second rated current contact piece 6 has a substantially hollow-cylindrical main body 6a. The hollow cylindrical main body 6a is frontally covered with a ring 9 of arc-resistant material. The ring also has a substantially hollow cylindrical structure, wherein the switching distance of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 facing hollow cylinder top surface is rounded. Furthermore, the wall thickness of the ring 9 at the side remote from the switching path side is lower than at its the switching path side facing. This is achieved in the present embodiment by increasing the inner diameter of the ring 9 on its side facing away from the switching path side. In addition, a conical or parabolic course of the inner circumferential surface of the ring 9 or other suitable geometric shapes can be used. The hollow cylindrical base body 6a has a reduced outer diameter at its end facing the switching path. The reduced outer diameter of the hollow cylindrical base body 6a and the enlarged inner diameter of the ring 9 are matched to one another such that the ring 9 can be plugged onto the hollow cylindrical base body 6a. For pressing the ring 9 against the hollow cylindrical base body 6a, the ring 9 has a plurality of threaded holes into which bolts 10 can be screwed. The bolts 10 are each supported on edges of recesses, which are arranged symmetrically distributed parallel to the main axis 4 in the shell of the hollow cylindrical body 6a. The surface of the ring 9 is coated with a galvanic layer. This galvanic layer is for example a silver layer. Likewise, the hollow cylindrical base body 6a is provided with a galvanic coating. When the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 is switched on, the contact points of the electrical contact fingers 7 rest in the region 11 of the ring 9. The arrangement of the ring 9 made of arc-proof material also makes it possible to control high switching powers in which switching arcs occur even at the rated current contact pieces despite the use of arcing contact pieces. The use of the arc-resistant ring 9 allows a compact design of a high-voltage circuit breaker.

In der Figur 2 ist ein Schnitt durch den aus der Figur 1 bekannten Hochspannungsleistungsschalter 1 dargestellt. Jedoch ist die Schnittebene um die Hauptachse 4 geschwenkt, so dass nunmehr die Befestigung der Isolierstoffdüse 8 erkennbar ist. Die Isolierstoffdüse 8 ist mittels weiterer Bolzen 11, welche in Gewindebohrungen des im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers 6a einschraubbar sind, gehalten. Dabei sind die Gewindebohrungen derart ausgerichtet, dass die weiteren Bolzen 11 ebenso wie die Bolzen 10 parallel zur Hauptachse 4 angeordnet sind. Der hohlzylindrische Grundkörper 6a weist einen ringförmigen Vorsprung 12 auf. Gegen den ringförmigen Vorsprung 12 ist eine umlaufende Schulter der Isolierstoffdüse 8 gepresst. Die Anpresskraft der Schulter gegen den ringförmigen Vorsprung 12 wird mittels eines Druckelementes 13 in Form einer Druckscheibe, welche von den weiteren Bolzen 11 gehalten ist, erzeugt. Der ringförmige Vorsprung 12 ist auf der Innenmantelseite des im Wesentlichen hohlzylinderförmigen Grundkörpers 6a angeordnet, und zwar in dem Abschnitt 14, in welchem der Außendurchmesser des hohlzylindrischen Grundkörpers 6a vermindert ist.In the FIG. 2 is a cut through the out of the FIG. 1 known high-voltage circuit breaker 1 shown. However, the cutting plane is pivoted about the main axis 4, so that now the attachment of the insulating material 8 can be seen. The insulating material nozzle 8 is held by means of further bolts 11, which are screwed into threaded bores of the substantially hollow cylindrical base body 6a. In this case, the threaded holes are aligned such that the other bolts 11 are arranged as well as the bolts 10 parallel to the main axis 4. The hollow cylindrical base body 6a has an annular projection 12. Against the annular projection 12 a circumferential shoulder of the insulating material 8 is pressed. The contact pressure of the shoulder against the annular projection 12 is generated by means of a pressure element 13 in the form of a pressure plate, which is held by the other bolts 11. The annular projection 12 is disposed on the inner shell side of the substantially hollow cylindrical body 6a, in the portion 14 in which the outer diameter of the hollow cylindrical body 6a is reduced.

Die Figur 3 zeigt einen Schnitt entlang der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Schnittebene A-A. Das Druckelement 13 weist eine ringscheibenförmige Struktur auf, welche Ausnehmungen aufweist, die von den weiteren Bolzen 11 durchsetzt sind. Mittels der weiteren Bolzen 11 wird das Druckelement 13 unter Zwischenlage der vorspringenden Schulter der Isolierstoffdüse 8 gegen den Vorsprung 12 gepresst. Weiterhin ist das Druckelement 13 derart gestaltet, dass zur Erzielung eines geringen Gesamtdurchmessers der Anordnung das Druckelement 13 seitliche Ausklinkungen aufweist, um eine Befestigung des Ringes 9 mittels der Bolzen 10 zu ermöglichen. Durch diese konstruktive Gestalt ist es möglich, voneinander unabhängig den Ring 9 bzw. die Isolierstoffdüse 8 zu befestigen. Dadurch sind die beiden Verbindungen voneinander entkoppelt. Etwaige Störungen bzw. thermische Dehnungen etc. der einen Verbindungsstelle sind so weitgehend von der anderen Verbindung ferngehalten.The FIG. 3 shows a section along in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown section plane AA. The pressure element 13 has an annular disk-shaped structure which has recesses which are penetrated by the further bolts 11. By means of the further bolts 11, the pressure element 13 is pressed against the projection 12 with the interposition of the projecting shoulder of the insulating material nozzle 8. Furthermore, the pressure element 13 is designed such that in order to achieve a small overall diameter of the arrangement, the pressure element 13 has lateral notches to allow attachment of the ring 9 by means of the bolts 10. By this constructive shape, it is possible independently of each other to secure the ring 9 and the insulating material 8. As a result, the two connections are decoupled from each other. Any disturbances or thermal expansions etc. of one connection point are thus largely kept away from the other connection.

Claims (4)

  1. Switching device (1) having a first and a second arcing contact piece (2, 3), which lie axially opposite one another, and a first and a second rated current contact piece (5, 6), which are arranged coaxially with respect to the arcing contact pieces (2, 3), at least one of the rated current contact pieces (6) having a hollow-cylindrical basic body (6a), which is covered at the front by an arc-resistant material (9) at its end facing a switching path of the switching device (1), contact-making points between the two rated current contact pieces (5, 6) lying in the region of the arc-resistant material (9) in the switched-on state of the switching device (1) and the arc-resistant material (9) fixed to the hollow-cylindrical basic body (6a) in the form of a ring (9), so as to cover front faces of the hollow-cylindrical basic body (6a) the ring (9) having a smaller radial wall thickness at its end facing away from the switching path than at its end facing the switching path, and the basic body (6a) halving a reduced outer diameter at its end facing the switching path with the ring (9) being plugged onto said outer diameter, characterized in that the arc-resistant material (9) has an electroplating and the ring is pressed against the hollow-cylindrical basic body (6a) of the rated current contact piece (6) in the axial direction by means of a bolt connection (10).
  2. Switching device (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hollow-cylindrical basic body (6a) has a radial projection (12), against which an insulating body (8), in particular an insulating material nozzle, is pressed axially by means of a pressure element (13).
  3. Switching device (1) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the hollow-cylindrical basic body (6a) has a reduced outer diameter at its end facing the switching path, and in that the radial projection (12) is arranged on the hollow-cylinder inner casing in the region of the reduced outer diameter.
  4. Switching device (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ring (9) has fixing devices in the region of its enlarged radial wall thickness.
EP04802681A 2003-11-11 2004-11-02 Switching device Expired - Lifetime EP1683170B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10353497A DE10353497A1 (en) 2003-11-11 2003-11-11 switching device
PCT/DE2004/002455 WO2005048281A1 (en) 2003-11-11 2004-11-02 Switching device

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EP1683170A1 EP1683170A1 (en) 2006-07-26
EP1683170B1 EP1683170B1 (en) 2007-09-05
EP1683170B2 true EP1683170B2 (en) 2011-11-02

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EP04802681A Expired - Lifetime EP1683170B2 (en) 2003-11-11 2004-11-02 Switching device

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US (1) US7679021B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1683170B2 (en)
CN (1) CN100449667C (en)
DE (2) DE10353497A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005048281A1 (en)

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US8232499B2 (en) * 2009-11-18 2012-07-31 Tyco Electronics Corporation Contactor assembly for switching high power to a circuit
FR2997222B1 (en) 2012-10-19 2015-01-16 Alstom Technology Ltd DEVICE FOR ESTABLISHING AND / OR CUTTING CURRENT WITH PERMANENT CONTACTS WITH REDUCED WEAR
DE102013200913A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft switching arrangement
US10002733B2 (en) * 2016-03-02 2018-06-19 General Electric Technology Gmbh Internal tulip sleeve of the female arcing contact of a high voltage electric circuit breaker
DE102016218518C5 (en) * 2016-09-27 2023-05-11 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Contact piece for a high-voltage circuit breaker and method for its manufacture

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US5567923A (en) † 1994-01-25 1996-10-22 Gec Alsthom T&D Sa Puffer circuit-breaker having a pneumatically-locked semi-moving piston
US5478980A (en) † 1994-04-05 1995-12-26 Abb Power T&D Company, Inc. Compact low force dead tank circuit breaker interrupter
US6365863B1 (en) † 1997-08-29 2002-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft High voltage circuit-breaker with a counter-contact which can be actuated
DE19910166A1 (en) † 1999-02-24 2000-09-21 Siemens Ag High-voltage (HV) circuit-breaker with compression device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502004004908D1 (en) 2007-10-18
EP1683170A1 (en) 2006-07-26
CN1871678A (en) 2006-11-29
EP1683170B1 (en) 2007-09-05
US7679021B2 (en) 2010-03-16
CN100449667C (en) 2009-01-07
DE10353497A1 (en) 2005-06-09
US20070074963A1 (en) 2007-04-05
WO2005048281A1 (en) 2005-05-26

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