EP1675659B1 - Protective clothing providing abc protection - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a breathable adsorbent material having protective function against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, with improved wearing comfort, in particular for the production of protective materials, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (for example for patient transport) and the like, in particular for the ABC use, as well as its use in the aforementioned protective materials.

There are a number of substances that are absorbed by the skin and cause serious physical injury. Examples include the blistering Lost (yellow cross) and the nerve agent sarin. People who can come into contact with such toxins must wear a suitable protective suit or be protected by suitable protective materials against these toxins.

Basically, there are three types of protective suits: the air- and water-vapor-tight protective suits, which are equipped with a chemical poisons impermeable rubber layer and very quickly lead to heat build-up, the air and water vapor permeable protective suits, which offer the highest comfort, and finally protective suits, which are equipped with a membrane that let through water vapor, but not the aforementioned toxins.

Thus, ABC protective clothing is traditionally made either from completely impermeable systems (eg suits made of butyl rubber) or permeable, adsorptive filter systems based on activated carbon (powder, fiber or ball carbon).

Protective suits against chemical warfare agents, which are intended for prolonged use in a wide variety of conditions, must not lead to heat accumulation in the wearer. Therefore, one mainly uses air-permeable materials.

The air-permeable, permeable protective suits generally have an adsorption layer with activated carbon, which binds the chemical poisons very permanently, so that no danger arises even from heavily contaminated suits for the wearer. The great advantage of this system is that the activated carbon is also accessible on the inside, so that any damage to damaged or other leaks penetrated poisons are adsorbed very quickly. However, under extreme conditions, such as when a drop of a thickened poison from a greater height occurs on a slightly open position of the outer material and penetrates to the coal, the carbon layer may be temporarily overwhelmed locally.

The adsorption layer in the previously described, air-permeable, permeable protective suits is in most cases designed such that either on average up to about 1.0 mm large activated carbon particles are bound to adhered to a carrier Klebehäufchen or that a reticulated PU foam, the impregnated with a "carbon paste" (ie, binder and activated carbon) is used as the adsorption, wherein the adsorption layer is generally supplemented by an "outer" (ie, a cover) and covered on the inner side facing the carrier by a light textile material is. Occasionally, however, there are also composites containing an activated carbon sheet, such. As an activated carbon nonwoven include.

Furthermore, protective suits are used, which are equipped with a membrane that is designed to increase the wearing comfort while permeable to water vapor, but at the same time acts as a barrier against liquids, especially toxins. Such a material is for example in the EP 0 827 451 A2 described. Protective suits with a permeable to water vapor, but for poisons, especially skin poisons, impermeable membrane have the disadvantage that at leaks penetrated poisons remain inside the protective suit and are absorbed by the skin of the wearer.

The EP 0 525 409 A2 relates to a layer structure in which an adsorbent, such as activated carbon, on both sides of porous fluoropolymer films, each additionally having a water vapor-permeable adhesive, is sandwiched in the manner of a sandwich structure.

Furthermore, the concerns DE 39 39 373 A1 a protective suits material and a method of making the same, comprising a punctiform polyurethane-based adhesive layer adhered to the spherical adsorbents on a microporous Teflon membrane laminated to a textile air permeable support.

The US 5,391,426 A relates to a composite material having toxicant gas barrier properties, the composite comprising a layer of an air-impermeable, water vapor permeable polymeric material sandwiched between two layers of flexible material, the flexible material selected from microporous or nonporous polymeric films and impermeable to water, but is permeable to water vapor. In addition, the material may include an adsorbent material.

Furthermore, the concerns US 5 024 594 A a protective material comprising a web as a substrate, a sorbent layer and a composite membrane having a microporous support membrane and an ultrathin selective permeable membrane.

The US 4,860,382 A. describes a protective garment, which consists of an outer and an inner layer, which are separated from each other and are held together only by seams. In this case, the outer layer comprises a fire-resistant textile, which is bonded to a microporous material, wherein the microporous material is liquid-impermeable, but permeable to water vapor. The inner layer comprises a gas adsorbing material.

The US 5 273 814 A relates to a material for use in fabrics which comprises a liquid-impermeable layer and a second layer which adjoins the liquid-impermeable layer and which comprises a water-vapor-permeable adhesive. In this case, the second layer to an adsorbent material which is applied to the outer surface of the second layer and at least partially embedded in this. In addition, the second layer has a mesh or grid insert, which is to exert a protective function with respect to the adsorbent particles.

Finally, the concerns DE 40 03 765 A1 a water-vapor-permeable, waterproof material which consists of a carrier material and an associated elastic, waterproof, but water vapor-permeable, non-porous membrane, are adhered to the Adsorberteilchen. The adsorbent particles can additionally be covered by a light textile material.

It is now the object of the present invention to provide an adsorption or protective material which at least partially avoids the disadvantages described above and is particularly suitable for the production of ABC protective materials, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers and the like.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an adsorbent material, in particular for use in protective materials, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers and the like, which - in addition to a water vapor permeable, the passage in particular of chemical warfare and toxins (eg B. Skin toxins) at least strongly retarding or preventing membrane - contains an adsorption layer based on activated carbon. In this case, a certain weight saving of the adsorption material is desired.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an adsorbent material, especially for use in protective materials such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers and the like, which ensures high wearing comfort.

To solve the above-described problem, the present invention proposes an adsorption material according to claim 1. Further, advantageous embodiments of the adsorption material according to the invention are the subject of the respective subclaims or the additional claims.

Another object of the present invention is the use of the adsorbent material according to the invention for the production of protective materials, in particular of protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (eg for patient transport) and the like, preferably for ABC use.

Finally, another object of the present invention are protective materials, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (eg for patient transport), protective suits and the like, in particular for ABC use, which are produced with the adsorption material according to the invention.

Fig.

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung durch den Schichtaufbau eines atmungsaktiven Adsorptionsmaterials gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung entsprechend einer speziellen Ausführungsform.

Further advantages, features, aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment shown in the drawing. It shows:

FIG.

a schematic sectional view through the layer structure of a breathable adsorption material according to a preferred embodiment of the invention according to a specific embodiment.

The single FIGURE shows a schematic sectional view through the layer structure 2 of an adsorption material 1 according to the invention according to a specific embodiment. The inventive breathable adsorbent material 1 according to the present invention, which is equipped with a protective function against chemical toxins, in particular chemical warfare agents, has a multilayer coating structure 2, wherein the layer structure 2 at least one particular planar support layer 3 and one of the support layer 3, the Having passage of chemical toxins preventing or at least retarding barrier layer 4; the barrier layer 4 in turn comprises on the one hand at least one adsorption layer 5 based on activated carbon and adsorbing adsorbent adsorbent on the other hand at least one at least substantially water and air impermeable, but water vapor permeable, the passage of chemical toxins retardant or at least substantially impermeable to chemical poisons membrane 6th

The basic idea of the present invention is to provide a breathable adsorbent material 1 having a multilayered layer structure 2 with an enhanced protective function against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, by providing the barrier layer 4 with at least one adsorption layer 5 as well as at least one at least substantially water and air impermeable, but permeable to water vapor, retarding the passage of chemical poisons or at least substantially impermeable to chemical poisons membrane 6 is equipped.

The aforementioned membrane 6, which is arranged between the support layer 3 and the adsorption layer 5, causes any penetrated by the support layer 3, chemical poisons such. As chemical warfare agents, can not penetrate further into the material and that these poisons not the Adsorptionsschicht 5 or at least for the most part not reach, so that the adsorption capacity of the adsorption layer 5 remains quasi inexhaustible. On the other hand, an additional protection for the carrier of the adsorption material 1 is provided by the presence of the membrane 6, so that an adsorption 1 with so to speak double protective function against chemical poisons results (namely on the one hand by the barrier effect of the membrane 6 and on the other hand by the adsorption of the adsorption. 5 ). By equipping the adsorption material 1 according to the invention with a special breathable membrane 6, which delays the passage of chemical poisons or at least substantially impermeable to chemical poisons, a good decontamination and regenerability of the adsorption material 1 according to the invention is achieved. Because by the outer or support layer 3 optionally penetrated, located on the membrane 6 poisons can be removed by appropriate treatment readily from the membrane 6 again (eg., By flushing, for example, with suitable decontamination, which the skilled person for these purposes are well known).

According to the invention, the barrier layer 4 of the adsorption material 1 according to the invention thus comprises both an adsorption layer 5 and a membrane 6 having the aforementioned properties. The combination of adsorption layer 5, on the one hand, and membrane 6, on the other hand, according to the layer structure 2 according to the invention, ensures efficient protection against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, with simultaneously high wearing comfort, in particular breathability.

In the use state of the adsorption material 1 according to the invention, the carrier layer 3 is advantageously arranged on the outside, in particular facing a chemical toxin-releasing pollutant source. Consequently, the barrier layer 4, with respect to the carrier layer 3, is advantageously arranged on the inside, in particular facing away from a toxic substance-releasing pollutant source.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the adsorption material 1 also has at least one in particular flat, the adsorption layer 5 associated cover layer 7. The covering layer 7 can serve in particular for covering the barrier layer 4, in particular the adsorption layer 5. The covering layer 7 can contribute in particular to preventing an excessive mechanical loading of the barrier layer 4, in particular of the adsorption layer 5. If appropriate, the covering layer 7 can simultaneously serve as a carrier for the adsorbent of the adsorption layer 5 and / or for the membrane 6. In particular, the cover layer 7 may be part of the barrier layer 4.

It can further be provided that the adsorption material 1 also has at least one additional, in particular planar, additional covering layer 8, wherein the additional covering layer 8 is preferably arranged on the inside in the use state of the adsorption material 1, in particular avoids a toxic substance-releasing pollutant source, ie, opposite the carrier layer 3 is arranged. In this case, the additional covering layer 8 and the carrier layer 3 can in particular form the two outer layers 3, 8 of the adsorption material 1, the additional covering layer 8 advantageously forming an inner lining in the state of use of the adsorption material 1.

The individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 can each be connected to one another; This is done by methods known per se for this purpose (eg by gluing, welding, sewing, stapling etc.). Advantageously, the bonding or fixing of the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 takes place in each case seamlessly, preferably without damaging the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (eg. by gluing, welding, etc.). In the event that the layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 - at least partially - sewn or the like, it is recommended to seal the seams (eg., With a so-called seam sealing tape). In particular, the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 form a coherent composite.

Alternatively, the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 but also - at least partially - unconnected, z. B. be placed over each other loosely.

In this case, in the use state of the adsorption material 1, the carrier layer 3 is generally arranged on the outside, in particular facing a chemical toxins releasing pollutant source and the additional cover layer 8 arranged on the inside, in particular a chemical toxins releasing pollutant source averted.

As far as the covering layer 7 and / or the additional covering layer 8 are concerned, the covering layer 7 and / or the additional covering layer 8 can serve to stabilize and / or protect the adsorption layer 5 and / or the membrane 6. In this case, the covering layer 7 and / or the additional covering layer 8 may be formed as a preferably air-permeable textile material, in particular a textile fabric, such as a woven, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, scrim or textile composite. The covering layer 7 and / or the additional covering layer 8 preferably have a lower weight per unit area than the carrier layer 3. In particular, the covering layer 7 has a basis weight of 5 to 75 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 50 g / m ² , preferably 15 to 30 g / m ² , preferably less than 60 g / m ² , in particular less than 50 g / m ² , preferably less than 40 g / m ² . The additional carrier layer 8 in particular has a basis weight of 5 to 150 g / m ² , in particular 20 to 125 g / m ² , preferably 30 to 100 g / m ² , preferably 40 to 90 g / m ² . Depending on the embodiment of the invention Adsorption 1, z. B. the membrane 6 on the cover layer 7 and / or on the additional cover layer 8 laminated or laminated, z. Example by means of a preferably discontinuous, in particular punctiform applied adhesive and / or by means of a melt adhesive tissue ("Schmelzkleberweb"). Advantageously, the covering layer 7 and / or additional covering layer 8 can be made resistant to abrasion and, in particular, consist of an abrasion-resistant textile material.

As far as the material of the carrier layer 3, which generally forms the outer layer of the adsorption material 1 in the use or wearing state, any desired, in particular breathable materials can be used here. Examples of these are textile materials of all kinds, preferably air-permeable textile materials, in particular in the form of textile fabrics, such. For example, woven, knitted, knitted, scrim or textile composites. For example, the nonwoven fabric may be a nonwoven.

In order to prevent or aggravate the penetration of chemical poisons (eg concentrated droplets of warfare agents), oleophobization and / or hydrophobing of the material of the carrier layer 3 is recommended, in particular by a special impregnation.

The material of the carrier layer 3 generally has a basis weight of 50 to 300 g / m ² , in particular 75 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 90 to 175 g / m ² . In particular, the carrier layer 3 as an air-permeable, 75 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 90 to 175 g / m ² heavy textile fabric, which may be equipped oleophobic and / or hydrophobic formed.

As far as the membrane 6 is concerned, this is generally a continuous, in particular closed or at most microporous membrane. The thickness of the membrane 6 is generally 1 to 500 .mu.m, in particular 1 to 250 .mu.m, preferably 1 to 100 .mu.m, preferably 1 to 50 .mu.m, more preferably from 2.5 to 30 .mu.m, most preferably 5 to 25 microns. To increase the wearing comfort, in particular the breathability, the membrane 6 at 25 ° C and at a thickness of 50 microns has a high water vapor permeability of at least 12.5 l / m ² per 24 h, in particular at least 17.5 l / m ² per 24 h, preferably at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h or more (measured by the "inverted cup method" according to ASTM E 96 and at 25 ° C) (For more details on the measurement of water vapor permeability (WVT) cf. . also McCullough et al. "A comparison of standard methods for measuring water vapor permeability of fabrics" in Meas. Sci. Technol. [Measurements Science and Technology] 14, 1402-1408, August 2003 ). This ensures a particularly high wearing comfort.

Due to the multiplicity of layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the layer structure 2, the water vapor permeability of the adsorption material 1 as a whole is slightly lower compared to the membrane 6 alone; the total water vapor permeability of the adsorption material 1 is nevertheless very high and amounts to at least 10 l / m ² per 24 h, in particular at least 15 l / m ² per 24 h, preferably at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h, with a thickness of the membrane 6 of 50 μm (at 25 ° C).

The membrane 6 should, for reasons of breathability, a low water vapor transmission resistance R _et under stationary conditions - measured according to DIN EN 31 092: 1993 of February 1994 ("Textiles - Physiological effects, measurement of heat and water vapor transmission resistance under stationary conditions [sweating guarded-hotplate test ] ") or according to the same international standard ISO 11 092 - at 35 ° C of at most 30 (m ² · Pascal) / watt, in particular at most 25 (m ² · Pascal) / watt, preferably at most 20 (m ² · Pascal) / Watt, have a thickness of the membrane 6 of 50 microns. Due to the multiplicity of layers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the layer structure 2, the water vapor transmission resistance R _{et of} the adsorption material 1 is slightly higher than that of the membrane 6 alone; In general, the water vapor transmission resistance R _{et of} the adsorption material 1 is at most 30 (m ² · Pascal) / watt, in particular at most 25 (m ² · Pascal) / watt, preferably at most 20 (m ² · Pascal) / watt, with a thickness of Diaphragm 6 of 50 μm.

Otherwise, the membrane 6 should at most only be able to absorb or swell water to a slight extent; a slight water absorption capacity or swelling capacity increases the wearing comfort. In particular, the swelling capacity or the water absorption capacity of the membrane 6 should not exceed 35%, in particular at most 25%, preferably at most 20%, based on the Dead weight of the membrane 6, amount. Moreover, the membrane 6 should be at least substantially impermeable to liquids, in particular water, and / or aerosols, or at least delay their passage. To achieve at most a slight swelling capacity, the membrane 6 should have no or substantially no strongly hydrophilic groups, in particular no hydroxyl groups. However, for purposes of slight swelling, the membrane 6 may have weakly hydrophilic groups, for example polyether groups.

The membrane 6 may consist of or comprise a plastic or a polymer material. Such a plastic or such a polymer may suitably z. B. be selected from the group of polyurethanes, polyetheramides, polyesteramides, polytetrafluoroethylenes and / or polymers based on cellulose and derivatives of the aforementioned compounds. For example, the membrane 6 can be obtained as a reaction product from the reaction of an isocyanate, in particular a masked or blocked isocyanate, with an isocyanate-reactive crosslinker. For example, the membrane 6 may be a polyurethane-based membrane. Similarly, the membrane 6 may also be an expanded, optionally microporous membrane based on polytetrafluoroethylene.

According to the invention, the membrane 6 is designed as a multilayer membrane laminate or as a multilayer membrane composite. This membrane laminate or membrane composite consists of at least two, preferably at least three, interconnected membrane layers or layers. By way of example, this membrane laminate or membrane composite may comprise a core layer based on a cellulose-based polymer and two outer layers bonded to the core layer, in particular based on a polyurethane, a polyetheramide and / or a polyesteramide. The core layer based on a cellulose-based polymer may be formed as a 1 to 100 μm, in particular 5 to 50 μm, preferably 10 to 20 μm thick membrane and the two outer layers connected to the core layer may each be 1 to 100 μm, in particular 5 be formed to 50 microns, preferably 5 to 10 microns thick membrane. This particular embodiment of the membrane 6 makes it possible to use different membrane materials, each with different properties, in particular different water vapor permeabilities and / or barrier effects against chemical toxins to combine with each other and so to achieve an optimization of the properties of the membrane 6. For example, cellulose and cellulose derivatives are excellent barrier materials, especially against chemical pollutants or toxins such. B. warfare agents (Lost etc.), and are not attacked or dissolved by these poisons; on the other hand polyurethane-based materials prevent migration or diffusion of the softeners optionally present in the cellulosic layer and also attenuate the cellulose-related, crackling occurring during the application. Therefore, according to this particular embodiment, it is preferred that, in the case of a membrane laminate or composite, the core layer be based on a cellulose-based polymer, while the two outer layers of the membrane 6 are formed by polyurethane layers.

In particular, in order to increase the stability, in particular the tear strength, of the membrane 6 in the production process (for example when printing the membrane 6 with hot adhesive) as well as during use or during wear, the membrane 6 can be provided on an additional, In the figure, not shown, carrier layer applied or laminated.

To increase the wearing comfort on the one hand and to achieve good wear resistance on the other hand, it is advantageous if the membrane 6 has a certain elasticity. In particular, it is advantageous if the membrane 6 can be stretched or stretched to at least 10%, in particular to at least 20%, preferably to at least 30% or more, at least in one direction (based on the membrane 6). The layer structure 2 as a whole should for the aforementioned purposes - in addition to a good flexibility - also have a certain elasticity; However, compared to the membrane 6, the elasticity of the layer structure 2 as a whole is slightly lower, and generally the layer structure 2 is at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 15% or more, at least one Direction stretchable or stretchable.

According to a particular, not shown in the embodiment, the membrane 6 can simultaneously represent the adhesive layer 7 for fixing the adsorption layer 5. In this case, the membrane 6 must be self-adhesive, in particular heat-tacky, formed. According to this particular embodiment, there is a saving in weight, as can be dispensed with an additional adhesive layer.

1. 1. monolithische, (schwach) hydrophile Membranen, insbesondere aus mit Polyurethan beschichtetem PTFE, Polyurethanen, gegebenenfalls modifizierten Polyestern oder gegebenenfalls modifizierten Polyamiden;
2. 2. mikroporöse, hydrophobe Membranen, insbesondere aus mikroporösem PTFE, Polyurethanen oder Polyolefinen (wobei diese Membranen im allgemeinen nur begrenzt flüssigkeitsdicht, aber luftdurchlässig sind).

Through the use of so-called breathable membranes 6, ie in particular water vapor permeable, but liquid impermeable membranes 6, especially in the form of thin films, surprising improvements for ABC protective clothing can be achieved, in particular if the adsorptive filter layer 5, so to speak behind the membrane 6, ie in the use of or wearing state, downstream of the membrane 6, is arranged. Such membranes 6 z. B. based on different constructions, wherein non-limiting in the following two may be mentioned:

1. 1. monolithic, (weakly) hydrophilic membranes, in particular of polyurethane-coated PTFE, polyurethanes, optionally modified polyesters or optionally modified polyamides;
2. 2. microporous, hydrophobic membranes, in particular of microporous PTFE, polyurethanes or polyolefins (these membranes are generally limited liquid-tight, but permeable to air).

By using membranes of Group 1, the flow rates of the adsorptive activated carbon filter layers 5 can be reduced or possibly even reduced to zero. The adsorptive filter layers 5 can therefore be reduced by up to 90% in their thickness and mass, depending on the diffusion rate of pollutants through the membrane 6. In addition, the protective suits obtained are particle-tight, so that they can also serve to protect against B-weapons and radioactive particles.

Through the use of Group 2 membranes, the adsorptive filter layers 5 can not be reduced in weight because of the air flow. However, in this case the membranes 6 serve as effective particle filters for aerosols, B-weapons and radioactive particles.

As regards the adsorption layer 5 of the adsorption material 1 according to the invention, this is generally discontinuous, d. H. the adsorption layer 5 generally comprises discrete adsorbent particles adsorbing chemical poisons (eg adsorbents based on activated charcoal), which are fixed on the membrane 6 by means of an adhesive or on the cover layers 7, 8 or on an additional support, etc. can. The adsorption material of the adsorption layer 5 may in particular be an adsorbent material containing or consisting of activated carbon, for example a material based on activated carbon in the form of activated carbon particles and / or activated carbon fibers.

Since activated carbon-containing materials are used according to the invention as adsorption material for the formation of the adsorption layer 5, the already high level of wearing comfort is further increased because the activated carbon serves as an intermediate moisture or water reservoir (eg for perspiration) and moisture or water can "buffer", so to speak. When using, for example, activated carbon beads as adsorption material for the adsorption layer 5 runs of up to about 250 g / m ² or more are common, so that z. B. in a sweat break about 40 g / m ² moisture can be stored, which can then be given back to the environment in the case of a breathable carrier or outer layer 3.

Advantageously, the adsorption layer 5 may be formed as an adsorption surface filter, in particular based on an adsorbent fixed to a preferably flat, in particular textile support.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption layer 5 comprises discrete activated carbon particles, preferably in granular form ("granular carbon") or ("spherical carbon"). In this case, the average diameter of the activated carbon particles is less than 1.0 mm, in particular less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.4 mm, preferably less than 0.35 mm; however, the average diameter of the activated carbon particles is at least 0.1 mm. In this embodiment, the activated carbon particles are generally used in an amount of 5 to 500 g / m ² , preferably 20 to 300 g / m ² , preferably 25 to 250 g / m ² , particularly preferably 50 to 100 g / m ² . Suitable activated carbon particles have internal surfaces (BET) of at least 800 m ² / g, in particular of at least 900 m ² / g, preferably of at least 1000 m ² / g, preferably in the range of 800 to 1500 m ² / g. Grain, especially ball carbon, has the distinct advantage that it is extremely abrasion resistant and very hard, which is of great importance in terms of wear properties. Preferably, the bursting pressure for a single particle of activated carbon, especially activated carbon granules, is generally at least about 5 Newton, more preferably at least about 10 Newton, and may reach up to about 20 Newton.

According to an alternative embodiment, the adsorption layer 5 may comprise activated carbon fibers, in particular in the form of activated carbon fiber sheets, as adsorbent. Such activated carbon fiber sheetings may, for example, have a weight per unit area of 20 to 200 g / m ² , in particular 30 to 150 g / m ² , preferably 15 to 120 g / m ² . These activated carbon fiber sheets may, for example, be activated carbon fiber fabrics, knits, blends or composites (eg, based on carbonized and activated cellulose and / or carbonized and activated acrylonitriles).

Likewise, it is also possible to combine 5 activated carbon particles and activated carbon fibers with one another as the adsorbent of the adsorption layer. Activated charcoal particles have the advantage of higher adsorption capacity, while activated carbon fibers have better adsorption kinetics.

To increase the adsorption efficiency or adsorption capacity, it is possible to additionally impregnate the adsorbent of the adsorption layer 5, in particular the activated carbon particles and / or the activated carbon fibers, with at least one catalyst. Suitable catalysts according to the invention are, for example, enzymes and / or metal ions, preferably copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, zinc and / or mercury ions. The amount of catalyst can vary widely; In general, it is 0.05 to 12 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 2 to 8 wt .-%, based on the weight of the adsorption layer fifth

For efficient adsorption performance, it is provided according to the invention that at least 50%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, of the adsorbents of the adsorption layer 5 are freely accessible to the poisons or warfare agents to be adsorbed, d. H. especially not covered with adhesive. This happens because the amount and type, in particular the viscosity, of the adhesive with which the adsorbents are fixed are designed such that the adsorbents of the adsorption layer 5 are not completely pressed into the adhesive or sink in.

The adsorption material 1 according to the invention offers an efficient protection against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, with simultaneously high wearing comfort, in particular good breathability, in the case of ABC protective suits. Because of these properties, the adsorption material 1 according to the invention according to the invention is particularly suitable for military use or ABC use (eg in the form of an ABC protective suit).

Due to the high efficiency of the protective function of the adsorption layer 5, which is increased by the inventive use of the membrane 6, also breathable carrier or outer materials 3, such. As textiles, use, so that can be increased in this way the wearing comfort without the wearer of a corresponding protective suit is exposed to increased risk through the use of a breathable carrier or outer material 3.

Due to the high flexibility or good flexibility of the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 or of the layer structure 2 overall, not only a good wearing comfort is achieved, but also a good wear resistance of the adsorption material 1 according to the invention.

The inventive design of the adsorption material 1 according to the present invention, an excellent barrier effect against chemical warfare agents is achieved. The barrier effect of the adsorption material 1 or the membrane 6 with respect to chemical warfare agents, in particular bis [2-chloroethyl] sulfide (synonymously also called mustard gas, Lost or yellow cross), measured according to CRDEC-SP-84010, method 2.2, is at most 4 micrograms / cm ² per 24 h, in particular at most 3.5 μg / cm ² per 24 h, preferably at most 3.0 μg / cm ² per 24 h, more preferably at most 2.5 μg / cm ² per 24 h, with a thickness of the membrane 6 of 50 microns.

The preparation of the adsorption material according to the invention can be carried out in a conventional manner. This is well known to those skilled in the art of making adsorptive materials, so that no further details need be given here.

As described above, the adsorbent material according to the invention is suitable for the production of protective materials of all kinds, in particular protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes and protective covers. The present invention thus also provides such protective materials produced using the adsorption material according to the invention.

As mentioned above, in the case of the protective materials according to the invention in the use state of the adsorption material, the carrier layer is generally arranged on the outside, in particular facing a pollutant source releasing chemical poisons. The protective materials are preferably protective suits, in particular ABC protective suits, wherein in use the carrier layer is arranged on the outside, in particular facing a chemical toxin-releasing pollutant source or is arranged on the side facing away from the body.

In the following, concrete embodiments will be described.

1. Construction of a complete protective suit Details of execution:

• A: Oberstoff
• B: Membran
• C: Abdeckung (falls die gewählte adsorptive Schicht dies erfordert)
• D: adsorptive Schicht
• E: Futterstoff

The following layers may be present in an ABC protective suit with membranes:

• A: Outer fabric
• B: membrane
• C: coverage (if the selected adsorptive layer requires it)
• D: adsorptive layer
• E: lining material

1. 1. A+B+C+D+E (nicht erfindungsgemäß)
2. 2. A+B/C+D+E (nicht erfindungsgemäß)
3. 3. A/B+D+E
4. 4. A/B+C+D+E (nicht erfindungsgemäß)
5. 5. A+B+D+C/E
6. 6. A+B/D+E (nicht erfindungsgemäß)
7. 7. A+B+D+E
8. 8. A/B+D+C/E
9. 9. A/B+D/E
10. 10. A+B/C+D/E (nicht erfindungsgemäß)
11. 11. A+B/C+D+C/E (nicht erfindungsgemäß).

These layers can be interconnected by lamination ("+") or unconnected or loosely overlaid ("/"). The following design options are z. B. useful and technically feasible:

1. 1. A + B + C + D + E (not according to the invention)
2. 2. A + B / C + D + E (not according to the invention)
3. 3. A / B + D + E
4. 4. A / B + C + D + E (not according to the invention)
5. 5. A + B + D + C / E
6. 6. A + B / D + E (not according to the invention)
7. 7. A + B + D + E
8. 8. A / B + D + C / E
9. 9. A / B + D / E
10. 10. A + B / C + D / E (not according to the invention)
11. 11. A + B / C + D + C / E (not according to the invention).

In the constructions 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, the seams of the membrane laminate can be sealed in a liquid-tight manner by means of hot-melt adhesive tapes. However, by using the adsorptive filter material, this is not necessary to obtain the required ABC protection effect.

The zippers are z. B. with external or internal double covers (eg., Each one on the right and left side of the zipper), consisting of membrane laminate and filter with high amount of activated carbon executed.

In a special embodiment, in which the seams of the membrane laminate are not welded watertight, for example, the seams in the membrane laminate and in the adsorptive lining are arranged in such a way that they do not lie directly above one another. This further increases the safety of the protective effect.

2. Combination membrane protective suit with adsorptive undergarment

In another design option membrane functional layer and adsorptive functional layer are separated from each other in different layers of clothing separated. The adsorptive layer is worn as an undergarment in the form of an underwear or in the manner of underwear.

1. 1. A+B+E
2. 2. A+B/E
3. 3. A/B+E
4. 4. A/B+C/E.

The membrane can be installed in an outer protective jacket, and there are the following combination options (with the same symbols as before):

1. 1. A + B + E
2. 2. A + B / E
3. 3. A / B + E
4. 4. A / B + C / E.

The membrane piercing seams are sealed liquid-tight by means of a seam sealing tape.

3. Removable adsorptive functional layer

The adsorptive functional layer can be designed removable, z. B. if the protective clothing should also serve for other purposes, or can be expected from a low hazard potential. The membrane design corresponds to the design options under no. 2. The adsorptive layer has z. As the structure C + D + E (with the same symbols as before) and z. B. by means of zippers, Velcro, snaps and the like are connected to the membrane layer.

For the ABC protective suits, it is usually sufficient to use conventional closure systems. In an embodiment for increased protection may be at all or some of these openings z. B. an approximately 10 cm wide strip of adsorptive filter material can be used in a mass, as it corresponds to systems without the use of membranes. This further reduces or prevents penetration of warfare agents through openings.

Claims (19)

1. A Breathable adsorption material (1) having a protective function against chemical toxins, in particular chemical toxic agents, having a multi-layer layer composition (2), wherein the layer composition (2) has at least one particularly plane carrier layer (3) and one barrier layer (4) associated with the carrier layer (3), which prevents, or at least delays the passage of chemical toxins,
   wherein the barrier layer (4)

   - at least one adsorption layer (5) based on an adsorbent adsorbing the chemical toxins based on activated carbon, and

   - at least one, at least essentially water and air impermeable, but water vapor permeable membrane (6), delaying the passage of chemical toxins, or at least being essentially impermeable to chemical toxins, wherein the membrane (6) is embodied as a multi-layer membrane laminate, or as a multi-layer membrane composite, made up of at least two layers or deposits, which are connected to each other,

   wherein the membrane (6) is disposed between the carrier layer (3) and the adsorption layer (5), and wherein the adsorbent is fixed on the membrane (6) by means of an adhesive, such that at least 50% of the adsorbent is freely accessible for the chemical toxins to be adsorbed.
2. An adsorption material according to claim 1, characterized in that the state of use of the adsorption material (1) disposes the carrier layer (3) on the outside, in particular, faces a source of pollution, releasing chemical toxins, and that the barrier layer (4) is disposed on the inside, in particular, faces away from a source of pollution, releasing chemical toxins.
3. The adsorption material according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the adsorption material (1) further comprises at least one in particular plane cover layer (7) being associated with the adsorption layer (5), in particular, wherein the cover layer (7) serves for covering the barrier layer (4), in particular of the adsorption layer (5), and/or in particular wherein the cover layer (7) is an integral component of the cover layer (4).
4. The adsorption material according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that the adsorption material (1) further comprises at least one additional, in particular plane cover layer (8), in particular, wherein in the state of use of the adsorption material (1) the additional cover layer (8) is disposed on the inside, in particular faces away from a source of pollution releasing chemical toxins, and is disposed opposite of the carrier layer (3), and/or in particular, wherein the additional cover layer (8) and the carrier layer (3) form the two outer layers (3, 8) of the adsorption material (1), and/or in particular, wherein in the state of use of the adsorption material (1) the additional cover layer (8) forms a lining.
5. The adsorption material according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that the individual layers (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) of the layer composition (2) are each connected with each other, or, at least partially, are placed on top of each other in a non-connected manner, and/or that the individual layers (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) of the layer composition (2) form a composite.
6. The adsorption material according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that the carrier layer (3) is made oleophobic and/or hydrophobic, in particular by means of special impregnation.
7. The adsorption material according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that the membrane (6) is a continuous, in particular closed, and microporous membrane, at best, and/or that the thickness of the membrane (6) is 1 to 500 µm, in particular 1 to 250 µm, preferably 1 to 100 µm, preferably 1 to 50 µm, particularly preferred from 2.5 to 30 µm, most preferred from 5 to 25 µm.
8. The adsorption material according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that at 25°C, and at a thickness of 50 µm, the membrane (6) has a water vapor permeability of at least 12.5 l/m² per 24 h, in particular at least 17.5 l/m² per 24 h, preferably at least 20 l/m² per 24 h, or more, and/or that at 25 °C, and at a thickness of the membrane (6) of 50 µm, the adsorption material (1) has a water vapor permeability of at least 10 l/m² per 24 h, in particular at least 15 l/m² per 24 h, preferably at least 20 l/m² per 24 h.
9. The adsorption material according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that the membrane (6) comprises a water vapor permeability resistance R_et under stationary conditions, measured according to DIN EN 31 092:1993 (February 1994), and the International Standard ISO 11 092, at 35 °C of not more than 25 (m² · Pascal)/Watts, in particular of not more than 20 (m² · Pascal)/Watts, preferably of not more than 13 (m² · Pascal)/Watts, at a thickness of 50 µm, and/or that the adsorption material (1) comprises a water vapor permeability resistance R_et under stationary conditions, measured according to DIN EN 31 092:1993 (February 1994), and the International Standard ISO 11 092, at 35 °C of not more than 30 (m² · Pascal)/Watts, in particular of not more than 25 (m² · Pascal)/Watts, preferably of not more than 20 (m² · Pascal)/Watts, at a thickness of the membrane (6) of 50 µm.
10. The adsorption material according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that the membrane laminate, and/or the membrane composite, consist of at least three layers or deposits, which are connected to each other.
11. The adsorption material according to claim 10, characterized in that the membrane laminate, or the membrane composite, comprises a core layer based on a polymer on cellulose basis, and two outer layers being connected to the core layer, in particular based on a polyurethane, a polyether amide, and/or a polyester amide, in particular, wherein the core layer may be embodied based on a polymer on cellulose basis as a membrane of 1 to 100 µm, in particular 5 to 50 µm, preferably 10 to 20 µm thickness, and/or, in particular, wherein the two outer layers being connected to the core layer may each be embodied as a membrane of 1 to 100 µm, in particular 5 to 50 µm, preferably 5 to 10 µm thickness.
12. The adsorption material according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that the adsorption layer (5) is embodied discontinuously, and/or that the adsorption layer (5) comprises discrete, chemical toxins adsorbing adsorption particles based on activated carbon.
13. The adsorption material according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that the adsorption material (1) and/or the membrane (6) has a barrier effect against chemical toxic agents, in particular bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (dichloroethyl sulfide, yperite, mustard gas), as measured according to CRDEC-SP-84010, method 2.2, of not more than 4 µg/cm² per 24 h, in particular, of not more than 3.5 µg/cm² per 24 h, preferably of not more than 3.0 µg/cm² per 24 h, particularly preferred of not more than 2.5 µg/cm² per 24 h, at a thickness of the membrane (6) of 50 µm.
14. The breathable adsorption material (1) having a protective function against chemical toxins, in particular chemical toxic agents, having a multi-layer layer composition (2), wherein the layer composition (2) has at least one particularly plane carrier layer (3) and one barrier layer (4) associated with the carrier layer (3), which prevents, or at least delays the passage of chemical toxins,
    wherein the barrier layer (4)

    - at least one adsorption layer (5) based on an adsorbent adsorbing the chemical toxins based on activated carbon, and

    - at least one, at least essentially water and air impermeable, but water vapor permeable membrane (6), delaying the passage of chemical toxins, or at least being essentially impermeable to chemical toxins, wherein the membrane (6) is embodied as a multi-layer membrane laminate, or as a multi-layer membrane composite, made up of at least two layers or deposits, which are connected to each other,

    wherein the membrane (6) is disposed between the carrier layer (3) and the adsorption layer (5), and wherein the adsorbent is fixed on the membrane (6) by means of an adhesive, such that at least 50% of the adsorbent is freely accessible for the chemical toxins to be adsorbed, and wherein the adsorption material (1) and/or the membrane (6) comprise a barrier effect against chemical toxic agents, in particular bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide, of not more than 4 µg/cm² per 24 h, at a thickness of the membrane (6) of 50 µm.
15. The breathable adsorption material (1) having a protective function against chemical toxins, in particular chemical toxic agents, having a multi-layer layer composition (2), wherein the layer composition (2) has at least one particularly plane carrier layer (3) and one barrier layer (4) associated with the carrier layer (3), which prevents, or at least delays the passage of chemical toxins,
    wherein the barrier layer (4)

    - at least one adsorption layer (5) based on an adsorbent adsorbing the chemical toxins based on activated carbon, and

    - at least one, at least essentially water and air impermeable, but water vapor permeable membrane (6), delaying the passage of chemical toxins, or at least being essentially impermeable to chemical toxins, wherein the membrane (6) is embodied as a multi-layer membrane laminate, or as a multi-layer membrane composite, made up of at least two layers or deposits, which are connected to each other,

    wherein the membrane (6) is disposed between the carrier layer (3) and the adsorption layer (5), and wherein the adsorbent is fixed on the membrane (6) by means of an adhesive, such that at least 50% of the adsorbent is freely accessible for the chemical toxins to be adsorbed, and wherein at 25°C, and at a thickness of the membrane (6) of 50 µm, the adsorption material (1) has a water vapor impermeability of at least 10 l/m² per 24 h.
16. The breathable adsorption material (1) having a protective function against chemical toxins, in particular chemical toxic agents, having a multi-layer layer composition (2), wherein the layer composition (2) has at least one particularly plane carrier layer (3) and one barrier layer (4) associated with the carrier layer (3), which prevents, or at least delays the passage of chemical toxins,
    wherein the barrier layer (4)

    - at least one adsorption layer (5) based on an adsorbent adsorbing the chemical toxins based on activated carbon, and

    - at least one, at least essentially water and air impermeable, but water vapor permeable membrane (6), delaying the passage of chemical toxins, or at least being essentially impermeable to chemical toxins, wherein the membrane (6) is embodied as a multi-layer membrane laminate, or as a multi-layer membrane composite, made up of at least two layers or deposits, which are connected to each other,

    wherein the membrane (6) is disposed between the carrier layer (3) and the adsorption layer (5), and wherein the adsorbent is fixed on the membrane (6) by means of an adhesive, such that at least 50% of the adsorbent is freely accessible for the chemical toxins to be adsorbed, and wherein the adsorption material (1) comprises a water vapor permeability resistance R_et under stationary conditions at 35°C of not more than 30 (m² · Pascal)/Watts, at a thickness of the membrane (6) of 50 µm.
17. Protective materials, in particular protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, and protective covers, produced using an adsorption material (1) according to one of the previous claims, and/or comprising an adsorption material (1) according to one of the previous claims.
18. The protective materials according to claim 17, characterized in that in the state of use of the adsorption material (1) the carrier layer (3) is disposed on the outside, in particular, faces a source of pollution, releasing chemical toxins, and/or the protective materials are protective suits, in particular ABC protective suits, wherein in the state of use the carrier layer (3) is disposed on the outside, in particular, faces a source of pollution, releasing chemical toxins, and is disposed on the side facing away from the body.
19. A use of an adsorption material (1) according to one of the previous claims for the production of protective material of all types, in particular protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, and protective covers, preferably for ABC deployment, in particular, wherein in the state of use of the adsorption material (1), the carrier layer (3) is disposed on the outside, and/or in particular, wherein in the state of use of the adsorption material (1), the carrier layer (3) faces a source of pollution, releasing chemical toxins.

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