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EP1661645B1 - Process for regulating the flow rate and bottom tap hole for metallurgical vessel - Google Patents

Process for regulating the flow rate and bottom tap hole for metallurgical vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1661645B1
EP1661645B1 EP05024382A EP05024382A EP1661645B1 EP 1661645 B1 EP1661645 B1 EP 1661645B1 EP 05024382 A EP05024382 A EP 05024382A EP 05024382 A EP05024382 A EP 05024382A EP 1661645 B1 EP1661645 B1 EP 1661645B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
nozzle
bottom drain
inert gas
upper nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP05024382A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1661645A3 (en
EP1661645A2 (en
Inventor
Martin Kendall
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Heraeus Electro Nite International NV
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Heraeus Electro Nite International NV
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Priority to PL05024382T priority Critical patent/PL1661645T3/en
Publication of EP1661645A2 publication Critical patent/EP1661645A2/en
Publication of EP1661645A3 publication Critical patent/EP1661645A3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
    • B22D41/24—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings characterised by a rectilinearly movable plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
    • B22D41/42—Features relating to gas injection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/502—Connection arrangements; Sealing means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/58—Pouring-nozzles with gas injecting means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating the flow through a bottom spout of a metallurgical vessel. Furthermore, the invention relates to a floor spout of a metallurgical vessel.
  • the liquid metal is poured from a distributor, for example, in a continuous casting plant. It flows through a floor spout in the bottom of the distributor housing (a so-called Nozzle).
  • Nozzle a floor spout in the bottom of the distributor housing
  • a disadvantage is the adhesion of material to the wall of the floor spout during the flow. This reduces the opening cross section, so that the flow conditions are adversely affected.
  • an inert gas such as argon is often introduced into the flow opening. Excessively large quantities of gas, however, can adversely affect the quality of the steel, for example, by creating voids in the steel which cause surface damage when the steel is rolled out.
  • JP 1104814 A a bottom nozzle for molten metal is described in which the nozzles are surrounded by a housing. In the housing gas is introduced, which is to penetrate into the nozzle.
  • JP 2004243407 A a heated floor drain is described.
  • JP 59133955 A discloses a bottom spout, wherein at the ends of the nozzle in each case an electrode is arranged, with which the nozzle is heated.
  • a material for a floor spout is used for example in WO 2004/035249 A1 described.
  • a floor spout within a metallurgical vessel is placed in KR 2003-0017154 A or in US 2003/0116893 A1 disclosed.
  • inert gas with the aim to reduce the adhesion of material to the inner wall of the floor spout (so-called clogging), similar to that in JP 2187239 described becomes.
  • a mechanism with a gas supply regulation is off WO 01/56725 A1 known. Nitrogen is according to the Japanese publication JP 8290250 A fed.
  • JP 3193250 discloses a method of observing the adherence of material by means of a plurality of temperature sensors arranged longitudinally of the bottom spout.
  • the introduction of inert gas into the interior of the floor spout is further among other things JP 2002210545 .
  • JP 58061954 and JP 7290422 known.
  • the inert gas supply is controlled in the bottom spout based on the measuring signals of the sensor.
  • the flow rate and / or the pressure is reduced until the sensor signals an increase in determinations and / or the flow rate and / or the pressure are increased until the sensor indicates a decrease or a dissolution of the stipulations.
  • the Inergaszul can be minimized to a minimum, so that little inert gas is fed into the molten metal and as a result less gas inclusions in the finished metal, such as steel, are available.
  • a temperature sensor arranged on or in the outside of the lower nozzle is used as the sensor.
  • the measurement can also be made inductively, resistively, by means of ultrasound or X-rays.
  • the flow rate and / or the pressure be reduced until the measured wall temperature decreases faster than a predetermined limit value of the cooling and / or that the flow rate and / or pressure are increased until the measured wall temperature is less rapid decreases as a predetermined limit of cooling.
  • the molten metal flow may be regulated by means of a valve arranged between the upper and the lower nozzle or a valve arranged above the upper nozzle.
  • a slide valve sliding gate
  • the introduction of the inert gas takes place in the flow opening of the bottom spout below the upper nozzle.
  • argon is used as the inert gas.
  • At least one of the nozzles may conveniently have a heater. It makes sense that below or above the upper nozzle a valve (slide valve or stopper rod) is arranged to control the molten metal flow.
  • a further inventive bottom spout for a metallurgical vessel with an upper nozzle arranged in the bottom of a metallurgical vessel and a lower nozzle disposed below the upper nozzle has a wall of the flow opening through the nozzles formed at least in a molten metal flow-tight manner and is characterized in that the nozzles are at least partially separated from surrounded by a gas-tight housing, that the housing encloses at its lower end, the lower nozzle at its periphery gas-tight, wherein it rests with a part of its inner side on the outside of the nozzle and that a thermally insulating solid disposed between the wall of the flow opening and the housing is.
  • the term "at least partially” is to be understood as meaning that the housing, of course, can not surround the nozzle, for example, at its orifices.
  • the housing prevents the passage of gas, it has an upper and a lower end and is gas-tight in between.
  • the floor spout on two basic seals namely a melt flow seal in the region of the wall of the flow opening and a gas seal in the colder, the flow opening facing away from the bottom spout.
  • less temperature-resistant materials can be used to achieve the gas-tightness.
  • the housing preferably has a plurality of gas-tight connected, preferably superimposed housing parts, wherein at least one housing part with the upper nozzle and / or the bottom of the metallurgical vessel is connected gas-tight, preferably by having a part of its side surface on the outside of the upper Nozzle and / or the soil is applied.
  • a valve for regulating the molten metal flow is arranged above the upper nozzle or between the upper and the lower nozzle.
  • the valve is a stopper rod, in the second case a slide valve.
  • an oxygen getter material in particular from the group of titanium, aluminum, magnesium or zirconium arranged.
  • the housing is expediently at least partially tubular (hollow cylinder) or conical, preferably formed with an oval or circular cross-section.
  • the housing may conveniently be formed of steel and the thermally insulating material may preferably contain alumina. It may make sense that at least one of the nozzles has a heater.
  • FIG. 1 shown bottom spout in the bottom 1 of a distributor for molten steel 2 has within the bottom 1 an upper nozzle 3.
  • electrodes 4 are arranged to produce an electrochemical effect or as a heater.
  • the floor 1 itself has various layers of a refractory material and on its outer side a steel housing 5.
  • a slide valve 6 is arranged to control the molten steel flow and below a lower nozzle 7, which extends into the molten metal container 8, which belongs for example to a continuous casting plant for the steel.
  • a temperature sensor 10 measures the temperature on the outside of the lower nozzle.
  • FIG. 2 is a time-pressure / temperature history shown. As the temperature decreases (thick line), the argon pressure is gradually increased so that the flow of argon into the flow passage causes dissolution of the wall fixings. As a result, increases in the Outside wall measured temperature again up to a constant value. In this way, argon pressure inflow can be minimized, at which the formation of fixes is just prevented or minimized.
  • the in FIG. 3 illustrated bottom spout has a basically two-part seal, namely a melt flow-tight seal along the inside of the flow opening and a housing 14, which realizes a gas-tight seal towards the outside (between the ambient atmosphere and the flow opening), wherein the individual seals arranged in a significantly lower temperature range are.
  • the housing 14 consists of several parts 14a and 14b and is in principle continued in the metal sleeve 15, which comprises the upper nozzle 3 on its outer side and opens into a flange 16, on which a part of the outer surface of the upper housing part 14b is sealingly arranged.
  • the various seals are shown.
  • So-called type 1 seals 17 exist between mutually movable parts on the slide valve 6.
  • Type 2 seals 18 are disposed between refractory parts of the bottom spout 1, that is, for example, between the parts of the spool valve 6 and the upper nozzle 3 and the lower nozzle 7. These type 2 seals 18 are the molten metal or the Temperature of liquid steel at least partially exposed directly. Furthermore, the wall of the flow opening of the floor spout 1 itself is a seal (type 3 seal), which is influenced by the choice of material.
  • the above-described seals are in principle also present in all known arrangements. They may be formed, for example, of alumina. The sealing effect of the Type 3 seals can be improved, inter alia, by high temperature glass layers.
  • the parts of the outer housing 14 form a type 4 seal which are not exposed to molten steel or temperatures of comparable height. These seals may be formed of metal, for example of steel, or of densely sintered ceramic material.
  • Type 5 seals 19 are located between parts of the housing 14 and moving parts of the flow control, such as the push rods 20 of the slide valve 6. They are not exposed to the liquid steel and can, depending on the specific temperature conditions of Inkonel (up to 800 ° C) , made of aluminum, copper or graphite (up to about 450 ° C) or of an elastomeric material (at temperatures up to about 200 ° C) may be formed, as well as the type 6 seals 20 between the individual housing parts.
  • type 7 seals 21 which prevent gas, especially oxygen at the junction along these parts into the cavity 22 between the housing part 14b and the slide valve 6 penetrate. Thereby, a negative pressure within the cavity 22 is ensured against its environment during the passage of the molten metal 2 through the bottom spout 1.
  • This type 7 seal can be made and adjusted by the manufacturer of the nozzles.
  • the upper nozzle 3 may be formed of zirconia, the lower nozzle of alumina. Foam alumina with a low density and closed pores may also be used, as well as alumina graphite, other refractory foam or fiber materials.
  • an oxygen getter material such as titanium, aluminum, magnesium, yttrium or zirconium may be arranged as a mixture with the refractory insulating material or as a sepatates part.
  • Type 1 and Type 2 seals have a leak rate of approximately 10 3 to 10 4 and 10 2 to 10 3 ml / s, respectively, and standard materials for the Type 3 seals result in leakage rates of approximately 10 to 100 ml / s.
  • Type 4 seals result in a negligible leak rate of less than 10 -6 ml / s when metal (such as steel) is used as the material.
  • Type 5 and Type 6 seals can achieve a leak rate of about 10 -4 ml / s when using polymeric material and using appropriately sized graphite seals of about 1 ml / sec.
  • Type 7 seals are similar to a combination of Type 3 and Type 4 seals and can reach a leak rate of approximately 1 to 10 ml / s.
  • the leak rates refer to the operating condition of the floor spout.
  • the normalized leak rate according to the invention is on the order of about 1 to 10 nml / s, while the combination of type 1, type 2 and type 3 seals leads at best to 150 Nml / s.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Regelung des Durchflusses durch einen Bodenausguss eines metallurgischen Gefäßes. Des weiteren betrifft die Erfindung einen Bodenausguss eines metallurgisches Gefäßes.The invention relates to a method for regulating the flow through a bottom spout of a metallurgical vessel. Furthermore, the invention relates to a floor spout of a metallurgical vessel.

Insbesondere bei Stahlschmelzen wird das flüssige Metall aus einem Verteiler beispielsweise in eine Stranggussanlage gegossen. Dabei fließt es durch einen im Boden des Verteilergehäuses angeordneten Bodenausguss (eine sog. Nozzle). Nachteilig ist das Anhaften von Material an der Wand des Bodenausgusses während des Durchfließens. Dadurch verkleinert sich der Öffnungsquerschnitt, so dass die Strömungsverhältnisse nachteilig beeinflusst werden. Um ein Anhaften von Material an der Wand zu verhindern, wird vielfach ein Inertgas wie Argon in die Durchflussöffnung eingeleitet. Zu große Gasmengen können jedoch die Stahlqualität negativ beeinflussen, beispielsweise durch die Bildung von Hohlräumen im Stahl, die beim Auswalzen des Stahls zu Oberflächenschäden führen.In particular, with molten steel, the liquid metal is poured from a distributor, for example, in a continuous casting plant. It flows through a floor spout in the bottom of the distributor housing (a so-called Nozzle). A disadvantage is the adhesion of material to the wall of the floor spout during the flow. This reduces the opening cross section, so that the flow conditions are adversely affected. In order to prevent adhesion of material to the wall, an inert gas such as argon is often introduced into the flow opening. Excessively large quantities of gas, however, can adversely affect the quality of the steel, for example, by creating voids in the steel which cause surface damage when the steel is rolled out.

In JP 1104814 A wird ein Bodenausguss für Metallschmelzen beschrieben, bei dem die Düsen von einem Gehäuse umgeben sind. In das Gehäuse wird Gas eingeleitet, das in die Düse dringen soll. In JP 2004243407 A wird ein beheizter Bodenausguss beschrieben. JP 59133955 A offenbart einen Bodenausguss, wobei an den Enden der Düse jeweils eine Elektrode angeordnet ist, mit denen die Düse aufgeheizt wird.In JP 1104814 A a bottom nozzle for molten metal is described in which the nozzles are surrounded by a housing. In the housing gas is introduced, which is to penetrate into the nozzle. In JP 2004243407 A a heated floor drain is described. JP 59133955 A discloses a bottom spout, wherein at the ends of the nozzle in each case an electrode is arranged, with which the nozzle is heated.

Ein Material für einen Bodenausguss wird beispielsweise in WO 2004/035249 A1 beschrieben. Ein Bodenausguss innerhalb eines metallurgischen Gefäßes wird in KR 2003-0017154 A oder in US 2003/0116893 A1 offenbart. In der letztgenannten Druckschrift ist auf die Verwendung von Inertgas dargestellt mit den Ziel, das Anhaften von Material an der Innenwand des Bodenausgusses (sogenanntes clogging) zu reduzieren, ähnlich wie dies in JP 2187239 beschrieben wird. Recht ausführlich ist ein Mechanismus mit einer Gaszufuhrregulierung aus WO 01/56725 A1 bekannt. Stickstoff wird gemäß der japanischen Druckschrift JP 8290250 A zugeführt. JP 3193250 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Beobachtung des Anhaftens bzw. Festsetzens von Material mit Hilfe einer Vielzahl von Längs des Bodenausgusses hintereinander angeordneten Temperatursensoren. Das Einleiten von Inertgas in das Innere des Bodenausgusses ist des weiteren unter anderem aus JP 2002210545 , JP 61206559 , JP 58061954 und JP 7290422 bekannt.A material for a floor spout is used for example in WO 2004/035249 A1 described. A floor spout within a metallurgical vessel is placed in KR 2003-0017154 A or in US 2003/0116893 A1 disclosed. In the latter document is shown on the use of inert gas with the aim to reduce the adhesion of material to the inner wall of the floor spout (so-called clogging), similar to that in JP 2187239 described becomes. In detail, a mechanism with a gas supply regulation is off WO 01/56725 A1 known. Nitrogen is according to the Japanese publication JP 8290250 A fed. JP 3193250 discloses a method of observing the adherence of material by means of a plurality of temperature sensors arranged longitudinally of the bottom spout. The introduction of inert gas into the interior of the floor spout is further among other things JP 2002210545 . JP 61206559 . JP 58061954 and JP 7290422 known.

Aus einigen dieser Druckschriften ist es außerdem bekannt, zusätzlich zu der Zuleitung von Inertgas den Sauerstoffzutritt möglichst zu verhindern durch Einsatz von Gehäusen um einen Teil des Bodenausgusses herum. Teilweise wird dabei, wie beispielsweise in JP 8290250 . ein Inertgas-Überdruck innerhalb eines solchen Gehäuses erzeugt. Zur Verhinderung des Eintritts von Sauerstoff wird um ein Ventil des Bodenausgusses herum ein Gehäuse in JP 11170033 offenbart. Der Durchfluss der Metallschmelze durch den Bodenausguss wird gemäß den vorstehend genannten Druckschriften durch Schieber-Ventile gesteuert. Dieser Schieber gleiten senkrecht zur Durchflussrichtung des Metalls und können dadurch den Bodenausguss verschließen. Eine andere Möglichkeit der Durchflussregelung ist eine sogenannte Stopfenstange (auch Stopper Rod genannt), wie beispielsweise aus JP 2002143994 bekannt.It is also known from some of these documents, in addition to the supply of inert gas, to prevent oxygen access as much as possible by using housings around part of the floor spout. Partially becomes thereby, as for example in JP 8290250 , generates an inert gas overpressure within such a housing. To prevent the ingress of oxygen around a valve of the floor spout around a housing in JP 11170033 disclosed. The flow of molten metal through the bottom spout is controlled by spool valves in accordance with the above references. These slides slide perpendicular to the flow direction of the metal and can thereby close the bottom spout. Another way of flow control is a so-called stopper rod (also called stopper rod), such as out JP 2002143994 known.

In der koreanischen Druckschrift KR 1020030054769 A ist die Anordnung eines Gehäuses um das Ventil eines Bodenausgusses herum beschrieben. Das in dem Gehäuse befindliche Gas wird mittels einer Vakuumpumpe abgesaugt. JP 4270042 beschreibt ein ähnliches Gehäuse. Hier wird, wie in anderen oben genannten Druckschriften innerhalb des Gehäuses eine nicht oxidierende Atmosphäre erzeugt. Das Gehäuse weist eine Öffnung auf, durch die Inertgas zugeführt werden kann. Eine weitere Anordnung, bei der Gas aus dem den Bodenausguss teilweise umgebenden Gehäuse abgesaugt wird, um innerhalb des Gehäuses ein Vakuum zu erzeugen, ist aus JP 61003653 bekannt.In the Korean publication KR 1020030054769 A the arrangement of a housing is described around the valve of a floor spout around. The gas in the housing is sucked by means of a vacuum pump. JP 4270042 describes a similar housing. Here, as in other references mentioned above, a non-oxidizing atmosphere is created within the housing. The housing has an opening through which inert gas can be supplied. Another arrangement, in which gas is extracted from the housing partially surrounding the bottom part of the housing to generate a vacuum within the housing, is out JP 61003653 known.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die vorhandenen Techniken weiterhin zu verbessern, um das Anhaften von Festsetzungen in der Düse eines Bodenausgusses auf einfache und zuverlässige Weise zu minimieren, ohne dabei die Qualität der Metallschmelze bzw. des erstarrten Metalls zu beeinträchtigen.It is an object of the present invention to further improve the existing techniques to easily and reliably minimize the sticking of fixings in the nozzle of a floor spout without compromising the quality of the molten metal or solidified metal.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Regelung des Durchflusses durch einen Bodenausguss eines metallurgischen Gefäßes mit einer im Boden des metallurgischen Gefäßes angeordneten oberen Düse und einer unterhalb der oberen Düse angeordneten unteren Düse, mit mindestens einer Inertgaseinlassöffnung und mit an oder in der unteren Düse angeordnetem Sensor zur Bestimmung der Schichtdicke von Festsetzungen in der Düse wird die Inertgaszufuhr in den Bodenausguss geregelt anhand der Messsignale des Sensors.According to the inventive method for regulating the flow through a bottom spout of a metallurgical vessel with a arranged in the bottom of the metallurgical vessel upper nozzle and a lower nozzle disposed below the lower nozzle, with at least one inert gas inlet and arranged at or in the lower nozzle sensor for determining the layer thickness of fixings in the nozzle, the inert gas supply is controlled in the bottom spout based on the measuring signals of the sensor.

Insbesondere wird ausgehend von einer vorhandenen Durchflussmenge des Inertgases oder einem vorhandenen Druck des Inertgases die Durchflussmenge und/oder der Druck solange reduziert, bis der Sensor eine Zunahme von Festsetzungen signalisiert und/oder die Durchflussmenge und/oder der Druck werden solange erhöht, bis der Sensor eine Abnahme oder eine Auflösung der Festsetzungen signalisiert. Dabei kann der Inergaszufluss auf ein Minimum herabgeregelt werden, so dass wenig Inertgas in die Metallschmelze geführt wird und in der Folge weniger Gaseinschlüsse in dem fertigen Metall, beispielsweise dem Stahl, vorhanden sind. Vorzugsweise wird als Sensor ein an oder in der Außenseite der unteren Düse angeordneter Temperatursensor verwendet. Die Messung kann auch induktiv, resistiv, mittels Ultraschall oder Röntgenstrahlen erfolgen. Zweckmäßig ist es, dass die Durchflussmenge und/oder der Druck so lange reduziert werden, bis die gemessene Wandtemperatur schneller sinkt als ein vorbestimmter Grenzwert der Abkühlung und/oder dass die Durchflussmenge und/oder der Druck solange erhöht werden, bis die gemessene Wandtemperatur weniger schnell sinkt als ein vorbestimmter Grenzwert der Abkühlung. Insbesondere kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass der Metallschmelzfluss mittels eines zwischen der oberen und der unteren Düse oder eines oberhalb der oberen Düse angeordneten Ventils geregelt wird. Im erstgenannten Fall wird zwischen der oberen und der unteren Düse ein Schieber-Ventil (Sliding Gate) verwendet, im letztgenannten Fall eine Stopfenstange (Stopper Rod). Zweckmäßig ist es, dass die Einleitung des Inertgases in die Durchflussöffnung des Bodenausgusses unterhalb der oberen Düse erfolgt. Vorzugsweise wird als Inertgas Argon verwendet.In particular, starting from an existing flow rate of the inert gas or an existing pressure of the inert gas, the flow rate and / or the pressure is reduced until the sensor signals an increase in determinations and / or the flow rate and / or the pressure are increased until the sensor indicates a decrease or a dissolution of the stipulations. In this case, the Inergaszufluss can be minimized to a minimum, so that little inert gas is fed into the molten metal and as a result less gas inclusions in the finished metal, such as steel, are available. Preferably, a temperature sensor arranged on or in the outside of the lower nozzle is used as the sensor. The measurement can also be made inductively, resistively, by means of ultrasound or X-rays. It is expedient that the flow rate and / or the pressure be reduced until the measured wall temperature decreases faster than a predetermined limit value of the cooling and / or that the flow rate and / or pressure are increased until the measured wall temperature is less rapid decreases as a predetermined limit of cooling. In particular, it may be advantageous for the molten metal flow to be regulated by means of a valve arranged between the upper and the lower nozzle or a valve arranged above the upper nozzle. In the former case, a slide valve (sliding gate) is used between the upper and lower nozzles, in the latter case a stopper rod. It is expedient that the introduction of the inert gas takes place in the flow opening of the bottom spout below the upper nozzle. Preferably, argon is used as the inert gas.

Erfindungsgemäß weist ein Bodenausguss für ein metallurgischen Gefäß zur Durchführung des Verfahrens eine im Boden eines metallurgischen Gefäßes angeordnete obere Düse und eine unterhalb der oberen Düse angeordnete untere Düse auf, wobei unterhalb der unteren Düse mindestens eine Inertgaseinlassöffnung in die Durchflussöffnung des Bodenausgusses mit eine Inertgasanschluss angeordnet ist und wobei an oder in der Außenseite der unteren Düse ein Sensor, vorzugsweise ein Temperatursensor, angeordnet ist zur Bestimmung der Schichtdicke von Festsetzungen (clogging) in der Düse und wobei der Sensor mit einem Inertgasdurchflußregler verbunden ist. Mindestens eine der Düsen kann zweckmäßigerweise eine Heizung aufweisen. Sinnvoll ist es, dass unterhalb oder oberhalb der oberen Düse ein Ventil (Schieber-Ventil bzw. Stopfenstange) zur Regelung des Metallschmelzflusses angeordnet ist.According to the invention, a bottom spout for a metallurgical vessel for carrying out the method comprises an upper nozzle arranged in the bottom of a metallurgical vessel and a lower nozzle arranged below the upper nozzle, wherein at least one inert gas inlet opening is arranged below the lower nozzle in the flow opening of the bottom spout with an inert gas connection and wherein on or in the outside of the lower nozzle a sensor, preferably a temperature sensor, is arranged for determining the layer thickness of clogging in the nozzle and wherein the sensor is provided with an inert gas flow regulator connected is. At least one of the nozzles may conveniently have a heater. It makes sense that below or above the upper nozzle a valve (slide valve or stopper rod) is arranged to control the molten metal flow.

Ein weiterer erfindungsgemäßer Bodenausguss für ein metallurgisches Gefäß mit einer im Boden eines metallurgischen Gefäßes angeordneten oberen Düse und einer unterhalb der oberen Düse angeordneten unteren Düse weist eine zumindest metallschmelzflussdicht ausgebildete Wand der Durchflussöffnung durch die Düsen auf und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsen zumindest teilweise von einem gasdichten Gehäuse umgeben sind, dass das Gehäuse an seinem unteren Ende die untere Düse an ihrem Umfang gasdicht umschließt, wobei es mit einem Teil seiner Innenseite an der Außenseite der Düse anliegt und dass zwischen der Wand der Durchflussöffnung und dem Gehäuse ein thermisch isolierender Feststoff angeordnet ist. Der Begriff "zumindest teilweise" ist so zu verstehen, dass das Gehäuse die Düse natürlich zum Beispiel an ihren Öffungen nicht umgeben kann. Das Gehäuse verhindert den Gasdurchtritt, es wiest ein oberes und ein unteres Ende auf und ist dazwischen gasdicht. Mit dieser Anordnung weist der Bodenausguss zwei grundsätzliche Dichtungen auf, nämlich eine Schmelzflussdichtung im Bereich der Wand der Durchlauföffnung und eine Gasdichtung im kälteren, der Durchflussöffnung abgewandten Bereich des Bodenausgusses. Dadurch können für die Erzielung der Gasdichtheit weniger temperaturbeständige Materialien eingesetzt werden. Unter gasdicht ist dabei natürlich keine absolute Gasdichtheit zu verstehen, sondern ein geringer Gasfluss ist möglich, beispielsweise weniger als 10 ml/s, vorzugsweise weniger als 1 ml/s, insbesondere bevorzugt etwa in der Größenordnung 10-4 ml/s, abhängig von der Art und Lage der Dichtungen / Materialien. Ein solcher Wert ist um mindestens eine Größenordnung geringer als bei dem bekannten Stand der Technik. Diese Gasdichtheit (insbesondere Sauerstoffdichtheit) ist verantwortlich für die Minimierung der Festsetzungen (clogging).A further inventive bottom spout for a metallurgical vessel with an upper nozzle arranged in the bottom of a metallurgical vessel and a lower nozzle disposed below the upper nozzle has a wall of the flow opening through the nozzles formed at least in a molten metal flow-tight manner and is characterized in that the nozzles are at least partially separated from surrounded by a gas-tight housing, that the housing encloses at its lower end, the lower nozzle at its periphery gas-tight, wherein it rests with a part of its inner side on the outside of the nozzle and that a thermally insulating solid disposed between the wall of the flow opening and the housing is. The term "at least partially" is to be understood as meaning that the housing, of course, can not surround the nozzle, for example, at its orifices. The housing prevents the passage of gas, it has an upper and a lower end and is gas-tight in between. With this arrangement, the floor spout on two basic seals, namely a melt flow seal in the region of the wall of the flow opening and a gas seal in the colder, the flow opening facing away from the bottom spout. As a result, less temperature-resistant materials can be used to achieve the gas-tightness. Under gas-tight course, no absolute gas tightness is to be understood, but a small gas flow is possible, for example, less than 10 ml / s, preferably less than 1 ml / s, more preferably about the order of 10 -4 ml / s, depending on the Type and position of seals / materials. Such a value is at least an order of magnitude less than in the known prior art. This gas tightness (especially oxygen tightness) is responsible for minimizing clogging.

Das Gehäuse weist vorzugsweise mehrere miteinander gasdicht verbundene, vorzugsweise übereinander angeordnete Gehäuseteile auf, wobei mindestens ein Gehäuseteil mit der oberen Düse und/oder dem Boden des metallurgischen Gefäßes gasdicht verbunden ist, vorzugsweise dadurch, dass es mit einem Teil seiner Seitenfläche an der Außenseite der oberen Düse und/oder des Bodens anliegt. Zweckmäßig ist es weiterhin, dass oberhalb der oberen Düse oder zwischen der oberen und der unteren Düse ein Ventil zur Regelung des Metallschmelzflusses angeordnet ist. Im erstgenanten Fall ist das Ventil eine Stopfenstange, im zweiten Fall ein Schieber-Ventil. Innerhalb des Gehäuses oder in dem thermisch isolierenden Material ist vorzugsweise ein Sauerstoff-Gettermaterial, insbesondere aus der Gruppe Titanium, Aluminium, Magnesium oder Zirkonium angeordnet.The housing preferably has a plurality of gas-tight connected, preferably superimposed housing parts, wherein at least one housing part with the upper nozzle and / or the bottom of the metallurgical vessel is connected gas-tight, preferably by having a part of its side surface on the outside of the upper Nozzle and / or the soil is applied. It is expedient, furthermore, that a valve for regulating the molten metal flow is arranged above the upper nozzle or between the upper and the lower nozzle. In the former case, the valve is a stopper rod, in the second case a slide valve. Within the housing or in the thermally insulating material is preferably an oxygen getter material, in particular from the group of titanium, aluminum, magnesium or zirconium arranged.

Das Gehäuse ist zweckmäßigerweise mindestens teilweise rohrförmig (Hohlzylinder) oder konisch, vorzugsweise mit ovalem oder kreisförmigem Querschnitt ausgebildet. Das Gehäuse kann zweckmäßigerweise aus Stahl gebildet sein und das thermisch isolierende Material kann vorzugsweise Aluminiumoxid enthalten. Sinnvoll kann es sein, dass mindestens eine der Düsen eine Heizung aufweist.The housing is expediently at least partially tubular (hollow cylinder) or conical, preferably formed with an oval or circular cross-section. The housing may conveniently be formed of steel and the thermally insulating material may preferably contain alumina. It may make sense that at least one of the nozzles has a heater.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung beispielhaft anhand einer Zeichnung erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigt:

Figur 1
einen Bodenausguss zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
Figur 2
ein Temperatur/Druck-Zeitdiagramm,
Figur 3
einen erfindungsgemäß abgedichteten Bodenausguss.
The invention will be explained by way of example with reference to a drawing. In the drawing shows:
FIG. 1
a floor spout for carrying out the method according to the invention,
FIG. 2
a temperature / pressure time diagram,
FIG. 3
a sealed according to the invention bottom spout.

Der in Figur 1 dargestellte Bodenausguss im Boden 1 eines Verteilers für Stahlschmelze 2 weist innerhalb des Bodens 1 eine obere Düse 3 auf. In dieser sind Elektroden 4 zur Erzeugung eines elektrochemischen Effektes oder als Heizer angeordnet. Der Boden 1 selbst weist verschiedene Schichten aus einem feuerfesten Material und an seiner Außenseite ein Stahlgehäuse 5 auf. Unterhalb der oberen Düse 3 ist ein Schieber-Ventil 6 angeordnet zur Regelung des Stahlschmelzflusses und darunter eine untere Düse 7, die bis in den Metallschmelzebehälter 8 hineinragt, der beispielsweise zu einer Stranggussanlage für den Stahl gehört. Durch Öffnungen 9 fließt die Stahlschmelze 2 in den Metallschmelzbehälter 8. Ein Temperatursensor 10 misst die Temperatur an der Außenseite der unteren Düse. Wenn diese sinkt, deutet dies auf ein Wachsen der Festsetzungen innerhalb der unteren Düse 7 hin, da die Isolation zwischen der Außenseite der unteren Düse 7 und der hindurchfließenden Stahlschmelze 2 zunimmt. Der Temperatursensor 10 bewirkt gemeinsam mit dem Drucksensor 11 über eine Druckregelung 12 die Regelung der Argonzufuhr durch die Inertgaseinlassöffnung 13 zu der Metallschmelze 2.The in FIG. 1 shown bottom spout in the bottom 1 of a distributor for molten steel 2 has within the bottom 1 an upper nozzle 3. In this electrodes 4 are arranged to produce an electrochemical effect or as a heater. The floor 1 itself has various layers of a refractory material and on its outer side a steel housing 5. Below the upper nozzle 3, a slide valve 6 is arranged to control the molten steel flow and below a lower nozzle 7, which extends into the molten metal container 8, which belongs for example to a continuous casting plant for the steel. Through openings 9, the molten steel 2 flows into the molten metal container 8. A temperature sensor 10 measures the temperature on the outside of the lower nozzle. If this decreases, this indicates a growth of the fixings within the lower nozzle 7, since the insulation between the outside of the lower nozzle 7 and the flowing molten steel 2 increases. The temperature sensor 10, together with the pressure sensor 11 via a pressure control 12, the control of the argon supply through the Inertgaseinlassöffnung 13 to the molten metal second

In Figur 2 ist ein Zeit-Druck/Temperaturverlauf dargestellt. Bei sinkender Temperatur (dicke Linie) wird stufenweise der Argondruck erhöht, so dass der Argonzufluss in die Durchlauföffnung eine Auflösung der Festsetzungen an der Wand bewirkt. In der Folge steigt die an der Außenwand gemessene Temperatur wieder an bis zu einem gleichbleibenden Wert. Auf diese Weise kann der ArgondrucklArgonzufluss auf ein Minimum eingestellt werden, bei welchem die Bildung von Festsetzungen gerade verhindert oder geringfügig gehelten wird.In FIG. 2 is a time-pressure / temperature history shown. As the temperature decreases (thick line), the argon pressure is gradually increased so that the flow of argon into the flow passage causes dissolution of the wall fixings. As a result, increases in the Outside wall measured temperature again up to a constant value. In this way, argon pressure inflow can be minimized, at which the formation of fixes is just prevented or minimized.

Der in Figur 3 dargestellte Bodenausguss weist eine grundsätzlich zweiteilige Abdichtung auf, nämlich eine schmelzflussdichte Abdichtung längs der Innenseite der Durchflussöffnung und ein Gehäuse 14, welches eine gasdichte Abdichtung nach außen hin (zwischen der Umgebungsatmosphäre und der Durchflußöffnung) realisiert, wobei die einzelnen Dichtungen in einem deutlich niedrigeren Temperaturbereich angeordnet sind. Das Gehäuse 14 besteht aus mehreren Teilen 14a und 14b und ist prinzipiell fortgesetzt in der Metallhülse 15, die die obere Düse 3 an ihrer Außenseite umfasst und in einen Flansch 16 mündet, an dem ein Teil der Außenfläche des oberen Gehäuseteils 14b dichtend angeordnet ist. In der Figur sind die verschiedenen Dichtungen dargestellt. Sogenannte Typ-1-Dichtungen 17 bestehen zwischen gegeneinander bewegbaren Teilen an dem Schieber-Ventil 6. Sie sind der Metallschmelze zumindest teilweise ausgesetzt. Typ-2-Dichtungen 18 sind zwischen Feuerfestteilen des Bodenausgusses 1 angeordnet, also beispielsweise zwischen den Teilen des Schieber-Ventils 6 und der oberen Düse 3 bzw. der unteren Düse 7. Auch diese Typ-2-Dichtungen 18 sind der Metallschmelze bzw. der Temperatur von flüssigem Stahl zumindest teilweise direkt ausgesetzt. Des weiteren stellt die Wand der Durchflussöffnung des Bodenausgusses 1 selbst eine Dichtung (Typ-3-Dichtung) dar, die durch die Wahl des Materials beeinflußt wird. Die vorbeschriebenen Dichtungen sind prinzipiell bei allen bekannten Anordnungen ebenfalls vorhanden. Sie können beispielsweise aus Aluminiumoxid gebildet sein. Die Dichtwirkung der Typ-3-Dichtungen kann verbessert werden unter anderem durch Hochtemperaturglasschichten. Die Teile des äußeren Gehäuses 14 bilden eine Typ-4-Dichtung, die nicht der Stahlschmelze oder Temperaturen in vergleichbarer Höhe ausgesetzt sind. Diese Dichtungen können aus Metall, beispielsweise aus Stahl gebildet sein oder aus dicht gesintertem keramischen Material. Typ-5-Dichtungen 19 stehen zwischen Teilen des Gehäuses 14 und beweglichen Teilen der Durchflussregelung, wie den Schubstangen 20 des Schieber-Ventils 6. Sie sind nicht dem flüssigen Stahl ausgesetzt und können, je nach konkreten Temperaturbedingungen aus Inkonel (bis 800°C), aus Aluminium, Kupfer oder Graphit (bis etwa 450° C) oder aus einem elastomeren Material (bei Temperaturen bis etwa 200°C) gebildet sein, ebenso wie die Typ-6-Dichtungen 20 zwischen den einzelnen Gehäuseteilen. Darüber hinaus bestehen als Übergang zwischen dem feuerfesten Material der oberen Düse 3 bzw. der unteren Düse 7 und dem diese an der Außenseite umgebenden Gehäuse 14 bzw. Metallhülse 15 Typ-7-Dichtungen 21, die verhindern, dass Gas, insbesondere Sauerstoff an der Verbindungsstelle dieser Baueile entlang in den Hohlraum 22 zwischen Gehäuseteil 14b und den Schieber-Ventil 6 eindringen. Dadurch ist ein Unterdruck innerhalb des Hohlraums 22 gegenüber seiner Umgebung gewährleistet während des Durchfließens der Metallschmelze 2 durch den Bodenausguss 1. Diese Typ-7-Dichtung kann beim Hersteller der Düsen hergestellt und eingestellt werden.The in FIG. 3 illustrated bottom spout has a basically two-part seal, namely a melt flow-tight seal along the inside of the flow opening and a housing 14, which realizes a gas-tight seal towards the outside (between the ambient atmosphere and the flow opening), wherein the individual seals arranged in a significantly lower temperature range are. The housing 14 consists of several parts 14a and 14b and is in principle continued in the metal sleeve 15, which comprises the upper nozzle 3 on its outer side and opens into a flange 16, on which a part of the outer surface of the upper housing part 14b is sealingly arranged. In the figure, the various seals are shown. So-called type 1 seals 17 exist between mutually movable parts on the slide valve 6. They are at least partially exposed to molten metal. Type 2 seals 18 are disposed between refractory parts of the bottom spout 1, that is, for example, between the parts of the spool valve 6 and the upper nozzle 3 and the lower nozzle 7. These type 2 seals 18 are the molten metal or the Temperature of liquid steel at least partially exposed directly. Furthermore, the wall of the flow opening of the floor spout 1 itself is a seal (type 3 seal), which is influenced by the choice of material. The above-described seals are in principle also present in all known arrangements. They may be formed, for example, of alumina. The sealing effect of the Type 3 seals can be improved, inter alia, by high temperature glass layers. The parts of the outer housing 14 form a type 4 seal which are not exposed to molten steel or temperatures of comparable height. These seals may be formed of metal, for example of steel, or of densely sintered ceramic material. Type 5 seals 19 are located between parts of the housing 14 and moving parts of the flow control, such as the push rods 20 of the slide valve 6. They are not exposed to the liquid steel and can, depending on the specific temperature conditions of Inkonel (up to 800 ° C) , made of aluminum, copper or graphite (up to about 450 ° C) or of an elastomeric material (at temperatures up to about 200 ° C) may be formed, as well as the type 6 seals 20 between the individual housing parts. In addition, as a transition between the refractory material of the upper nozzle 3 and the lower nozzle 7 and surrounding them on the outside housing 14 and metal sleeve 15 type 7 seals 21, which prevent gas, especially oxygen at the junction along these parts into the cavity 22 between the housing part 14b and the slide valve 6 penetrate. Thereby, a negative pressure within the cavity 22 is ensured against its environment during the passage of the molten metal 2 through the bottom spout 1. This type 7 seal can be made and adjusted by the manufacturer of the nozzles.

Die obere Düse 3 kann aus Zirkondioxid gebildet sein, die untere Düse aus Aluminiumoxid. Schaumförmiges Aluminiumoxid mit einer niedrigen Dichte und geschlossenen Poren kann ebenfalls verwendet werden, ebenso wie Aluminiumoxid-Graphit, andere feuerfeste schaumförmige oder Fasermaterialien. In dem thermisch isolierenden Material der unteren Düse 7 oder zwischen der unteren Düse 7 und dem Gehäuseteil 14a kann ein Sauerstoffgettermaterial, beispielsweise Titanium, Aluminium, Magnesium, Yttrium oder Zirkonium angeordnet sein als Mischung mit dem feuerfesten isolierenden Material oder als sepatates Teil.The upper nozzle 3 may be formed of zirconia, the lower nozzle of alumina. Foam alumina with a low density and closed pores may also be used, as well as alumina graphite, other refractory foam or fiber materials. In the thermally insulating material of the lower nozzle 7 or between the lower nozzle 7 and the housing part 14a, an oxygen getter material such as titanium, aluminum, magnesium, yttrium or zirconium may be arranged as a mixture with the refractory insulating material or as a sepatates part.

Der erfindungsgemäße Bodenausguss weist eine wesentlich geringere Leckrate auf als bekannte Systeme. Typ-1- bzw. Typ-2-Dichtungen weisen eine Leckrate von etwa 103 bis 104 bzw. 102 bis 103 ml/s auf und Standardmaterialien für die Typ-3-Dichtungen führen zu Leckraten von etwa 10 bis 100 ml/s. Typ-4-Dichtungen führen zu einer Leckrate von vernachlässigbaren weniger als 10-6 ml/s, wenn Metall (beispielsweise Stahl) als Material verwendet wird. Typ-5- und Typ-6-Dichtungen können bei Verwendung von Polymermaterial eine Leckrate von etwa 10-4 ml/s und bei Verwendung von entsprechend geeigneten Graphitdichtungen von etwa 1 ml/s erreichen. Typ-7-Dichtungen sind ähnlich einer Kombination aus Typ-3- und Typ-4-Dichtungen und können eine Leckrate von etwa 1 bis 10 ml/s erreichen. Die Leckraten beziehen sich auf den Betriebszustand des Bodenausgusses.
Die normierte Leckrate (Nml/s) = Leckrate (ml/s) x pavg/1atm x 273K/Tavg
Pavg = (Pin + Pout/2 <atm>
Tavg = (Tin + Tout)/2 <K>
avg = Durchschnittswert.
Damit ist die normierte Leckrate gemäß der Erfindung in der Größenordnung von etwa 1 bis 10Nml/s, während die Kombination von Typ-1-, Typ-2- und Typ-3-Dichtungen bestenfalls zu 150 Nml/s führt.The floor drain according to the invention has a significantly lower leakage rate than known systems. Type 1 and Type 2 seals have a leak rate of approximately 10 3 to 10 4 and 10 2 to 10 3 ml / s, respectively, and standard materials for the Type 3 seals result in leakage rates of approximately 10 to 100 ml / s. Type 4 seals result in a negligible leak rate of less than 10 -6 ml / s when metal (such as steel) is used as the material. Type 5 and Type 6 seals can achieve a leak rate of about 10 -4 ml / s when using polymeric material and using appropriately sized graphite seals of about 1 ml / sec. Type 7 seals are similar to a combination of Type 3 and Type 4 seals and can reach a leak rate of approximately 1 to 10 ml / s. The leak rates refer to the operating condition of the floor spout.
The normalized leak rate (Nml / s) = Leak rate (ml / s) xp avg / 1 atm x 273 K / avg
P avg = (P in + P out / 2 <atm>
T avg = (T in + T out ) / 2 <K>
avg = average value.
Thus, the normalized leak rate according to the invention is on the order of about 1 to 10 nml / s, while the combination of type 1, type 2 and type 3 seals leads at best to 150 Nml / s.

Claims (23)

  1. Method for controlling the flow through a bottom drain of a metallurgical vessel with an upper nozzle (3) arranged in the bottom (1) of the metallurgical vessel and with a lower nozzle (7) arranged below the upper nozzle (3), with at least one inert gas inlet opening (13) and with a sensor (10) arranged on or in the lower nozzle (7) by means of which the layer thickness of deposits in the nozzle is determined, wherein the inert gas supply into the bottom drain is controlled on the basis of the measuring signals of the sensor (10).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, based on an existing flow volume of the inert gas or an existing pressure of the inert gas, the flow volume and/or the pressure are reduced until the sensor (10) signals an increase in deposits and/or the flow volume and/or the pressure are increased until the sensor (10) signals a decrease or a decomposition of the deposits.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a temperature sensor is used as sensor (10) arranged on or in the outside of the lower nozzle (7).
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the flow volume and/or the pressure are reduced until the measured wall temperature decreases faster than a predetermined limit value of cooling and/or that the flow volume and/or the pressure are increased until the measured wall temperature decreases less fast than a predetermined limit value of cooling.
  5. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the metal melt flow can be controlled by means of a valve (6) arranged above or below the upper nozzle (3).
  6. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inert gas is introduced into the flow opening of the bottom drain below the upper nozzle (3).
  7. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that argon is used as the inert gas.
  8. Bottom drain for a metallurgical vessel to carry out the method according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, with an upper nozzle (3) arranged in the bottom (1) of a metallurgical vessel and with a lower nozzle (7) arranged below the upper nozzle (3), wherein at least one inert gas inlet opening (13) with an inert gas connection is arranged below the upper nozzle (3), wherein a sensor (10) is arranged on or in the outside of the lower nozzle (7) for the determination of the layer thickness of deposits in the nozzle, and wherein the sensor is connected with an inert gas flow regulator.
  9. Bottom drain according to claim 8, characterized in that the sensor (10) is a temperature sensor.
  10. Bottom drain according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that at least one of the nozzles (3; 7) has a heating (4).
  11. Bottom drain according to any one of the claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a valve (6) for controlling the metal melt flow is arranged above or below the upper nozzle (3).
  12. Bottom drain for a metallurgical vessel, with an upper nozzle (3) arranged in the bottom (1) of a metallurgical vessel and with a lower nozzle (7) arranged below the upper nozzle (3), wherein the wall of the flow opening through the nozzles (3; 7) is designed at least metal melt flow-proof, wherein the nozzles (3; 7) are encompassed at least partially by a gastight housing (14), wherein the housing (14) on its lower end gastightly encompasses the lower nozzle (7) on its circumference, characterized in that the housing (14) rests with one part of its inside against the outside of the nozzle (7) and that a thermally insulating solid matter is arranged between the wall of the flow opening and the housing (14).
  13. Bottom drain according to claim 12, characterized in that the housing (14) comprises a plurality of housing parts (14a; 14b) gastightly connected with each other, wherein at least one housing part (14b) is gastightly connected with the upper nozzle (3) and/or the bottom (1).
  14. Bottom drain according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that a valve (6) for regulating the metal melt flow is arranged above the upper nozzle (3) or between the upper and the lower nozzle.
  15. Bottom drain according to any one of the claims 12 to 14, characterized in that a getter material is arranged within the housing (14) or in the thermally insulating solid matter.
  16. Bottom drain according to any one of the claims 12 to 15, characterized in that at least one part of the housing (14) is tubular or conical in design.
  17. Bottom drain according to any one of the claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the housing (14) is made of steel.
  18. Bottom drain according to any one of the claims 12 to 17, characterized in that at least one of the nozzles (3; 7) comprises a heating (4).
  19. Bottom drain according to claim 13, characterized in that the housing (14) comprises housing parts (14a; 14b) arranged on top of each other.
  20. Bottom drain according to claim 13, characterized in that the housing part (14b) rests, with one part of its side face, against the outside of the upper nozzle (3) and/or of the bottom (1).
  21. Bottom drain according to claim 15, characterized in that the getter material is made from the group of titanium, aluminum, magnesium or zirconium.
  22. Bottom drain according to claim 16, characterized in that the tubular or conical part of the housing (14) is designed with an oval or circular cross-section.
  23. Bottom drain according to any one of the claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the thermally insulating solid matter predominantly includes aluminum oxide.
EP05024382A 2004-11-26 2005-11-09 Process for regulating the flow rate and bottom tap hole for metallurgical vessel Expired - Lifetime EP1661645B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL05024382T PL1661645T3 (en) 2004-11-26 2005-11-09 Process for regulating the flow rate and bottom tap hole for metallurgical vessel

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DE102004057381A DE102004057381A1 (en) 2004-11-26 2004-11-26 Method for controlling the flow and bottom outlet for a metallurgical vessel

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EP (1) EP1661645B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4658785B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101092125B1 (en)
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MX (1) MXPA05012744A (en)
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RU (2) RU2381869C2 (en)
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Publication number Publication date
EP1661645A3 (en) 2006-11-08
ATE416866T1 (en) 2008-12-15
BRPI0505332A (en) 2006-07-11
ES2319309T3 (en) 2009-05-06
EP1661645A2 (en) 2006-05-31
RU2433887C2 (en) 2011-11-20
ZA200509511B (en) 2006-08-30
RU2381869C2 (en) 2010-02-20
US8012405B2 (en) 2011-09-06
CA2523666A1 (en) 2006-05-26
JP2006150453A (en) 2006-06-15
CA2523666C (en) 2010-06-01
UA80339C2 (en) 2007-09-10
KR101092125B1 (en) 2011-12-12
MXPA05012744A (en) 2006-07-10
AU2005234658A1 (en) 2006-06-15
CN1781626A (en) 2006-06-07
CN1781626B (en) 2014-04-16
US20100147904A1 (en) 2010-06-17
DE502005006195D1 (en) 2009-01-22
UA85630C2 (en) 2009-02-10
RU2009135250A (en) 2011-03-27
US20060113059A1 (en) 2006-06-01
AR051232A1 (en) 2006-12-27
AU2005234658B2 (en) 2008-01-17
DE102004057381A1 (en) 2006-06-01
PL1661645T3 (en) 2009-05-29
PT1661645E (en) 2009-03-17
RU2005136813A (en) 2007-05-27
JP4658785B2 (en) 2011-03-23
KR20060059219A (en) 2006-06-01
US8273288B2 (en) 2012-09-25

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