EP1657180A1 - Improvements on multi-ply paperbags, comprising an airtight film or equivalent, which is interposed between two paper layers - Google Patents
Improvements on multi-ply paperbags, comprising an airtight film or equivalent, which is interposed between two paper layers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1657180A1 EP1657180A1 EP05291908A EP05291908A EP1657180A1 EP 1657180 A1 EP1657180 A1 EP 1657180A1 EP 05291908 A EP05291908 A EP 05291908A EP 05291908 A EP05291908 A EP 05291908A EP 1657180 A1 EP1657180 A1 EP 1657180A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bag
- film
- air
- paper
- fold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/01—Ventilation or drainage of bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
- B65D31/04—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents with multiple walls
Definitions
- the present invention relates to multi-ply paper bags comprising a film or the like, of an air impermeable material interposed between two folds of paper.
- Paper bags of this type are widely used in the art for the packaging of powdery products, for example cements, lime, coatings and all other powdered products, and the like.
- airtight film usually made of plastic material, most often made of polyethylene, is intended to preserve the contents of the bag against dampness and possible splashing.
- the invention is concerned with these two types of paper bag and the term "air-impermeable film or the like" here includes both films separated from the paper folds, as well as coatings of an impermeable material. air, sheathing one side of one of these folds.
- a disadvantage of these films impervious to air is that, when filling the bag, they do not have pores allowing free passage of air deaeration bag, which slows the filling rate thereof.
- bag manufacturers generally cut or puncture the plastic bag, but, of course, the notched or perforated film has a lesser ability to protect packaged products from moisture.
- the present invention aims to avoid this problem of the prior art by providing a paper bag having a film or a coating of a material impervious to air, which nevertheless allows excellent deaeration of the bag during its filling, while ensuring a better protection against moisture of the packaged powder product than plastic bags perforated or cut of the usual technique.
- valve bag which aims to provide "significantly improved safety for the valve, so that the bags can be used for packaging semi-solid liquids that can flow, even when the bags have a large capacity "(page 2, lines 12-18, of the French application 2,316,138), which is completely different from the purpose of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a multi-ply paper bag, comprising a film or the like impervious to air interposed between two folds of paper, the film being folded so as to form a sheath comprising two contiguous longitudinal edges, which bag being characterized in that these contiguous edges of the film are not contiguous, but leave between them a gap sufficient to allow a free passage of air deaeration, when filling the bag, and in that the fold of paper disposed inside the bag has, on one of its faces and opposite the gap separating the adjacent edges of the film or the attached film of air-impermeable material, an impervious band, imposing on the air of deaeration of the bag a baffle path bypassing this band so that it can access between the fold of paper and the film or the attached film and be discharged to the outside, when bagging the product condition, while ensuring protection of the product against moisture.
- this definition of the invention also encompasses the case where the air impervious film is replaced by a coating with a film of an impermeable material of one of the faces of a fold. of the paper of the bag, this film here being discontinuous and then comprising on the coated side of the paper fold a longitudinal zone devoid of the air-impermeable film, in such a way to allow a free passage of air through the pores of the paper and satisfactory deaeration of the bag during its filling.
- the invention therefore considerably improves the bag's de-aeration capacity at the time of bagging and, consequently, the filling rate, which results in an appreciable gain in productivity.
- the cleanliness of the bags, after the bagging, is another advantage of the invention, because the powdery product is no longer likely to escape during filling by the holes usually made during the manufacture of the bag.
- the bag has an external appearance more pleasing to the eye, due to the lack of perforations of the outer paper fold.
- the bag 1 shown in Figure 1 is a multi-ply paper bag, valve or sleeve, of a usual type, which will not be described in detail.
- the contiguous longitudinal edges of the film 4 are not contiguous, but are instead separated by an interval 5 extending along the length of the bag, this interval being sufficient to pass the air escaping from the bag during the filling thereof, the air deaeration first passing through the pores of the inner paper bag 2, then through the gap 5 and finally through the pores of the bag external paper 3, to be evacuated to the outside.
- the gap 5 between the adjacent edges of the impermeable film 4 may have a width of a few centimeters and the film 4 thus does not provide protection against moisture at this level.
- one of the faces of the fold 2 of the bag, facing the gap 5 is advantageously glued to a strip of the same film or another film. impervious to air, so as to allow air to escape from the bag, during bagging, following a baffled path illustrated by arrows in Figure 2, while providing excellent protection against returns moisture from the outside of the bag, since the film is devoid of perforations at locations other than that of the gap 5.
- the ply 2 on the side of this fold facing the inside of the bag and facing the zone devoid of an impervious film, will be provided with an impervious band imposing a baffled path in the air of aeration.
- This strip may also be made by coating the fold 2 with an impervious material to air.
- the bag according to the invention comprises only the usual components of the paper bags known in the art and that the arrangements made to them according to the invention entail practically no increase in the cost of the raw materials necessary for the manufacture of these bags.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bag Frames (AREA)
Abstract
Dans ce sac multi-plis, comprenant un film (4) ou similaire imperméable à l'air, interposé entre deux plis (2, 3) de papier, le film (4) étant replié de manière à former une gaine comportant deux bords longitudinaux contigus, les bords contigus du film (4) ne sont pas jointifs, mais laissent subsister entre eux un intervalle (5) suffisant pour permettre un libre passage de l'air de désaération, lors du remplissage du sac. In this multi-ply bag, comprising a film (4) or similar impermeable to air, interposed between two folds (2, 3) of paper, the film (4) being folded to form a sheath having two longitudinal edges contiguous, the contiguous edges of the film (4) are not contiguous, but leave between them a gap (5) sufficient to allow free passage of air deaeration, when filling the bag.
Description
La présente invention concerne les sacs en papier multi-plis comprenant un film ou similaire, en un matériau imperméable à l'air, interposé entre deux plis de papier.The present invention relates to multi-ply paper bags comprising a film or the like, of an air impermeable material interposed between two folds of paper.
Des sacs en papier de ce type, notamment à valve et à manchon, sont très largement utilisés dans la technique pour le conditionnement de produits pulvérulents, par exemple de ciments, de chaux, d'enduits et de tous autres produits en poudre, et le film imperméable à l'air, généralement en matière plastique, le plus souvent en polyéthylène, est destiné à préserver le contenu du sac contre les reprises d'humidité et les éclaboussures éventuelles.Paper bags of this type, in particular with valves and sleeves, are widely used in the art for the packaging of powdery products, for example cements, lime, coatings and all other powdered products, and the like. airtight film, usually made of plastic material, most often made of polyethylene, is intended to preserve the contents of the bag against dampness and possible splashing.
A la place d'un film en matière plastique, il est connu également d'enduire d'une pellicule d'un matériau imperméable à l'air une des faces d'un pli de papier du sac.In place of a plastic film, it is also known to coat a film of an air-impermeable material with one side of a paper fold of the bag.
L'invention s'intéresse à ces deux types de sac en papier et l'expression « film imperméable à l'air ou similaire » englobe ici aussi bien des films séparés des plis en papier, que des enductions d'un matériau imperméable à l'air, gainant une face de l'un de ces plis.The invention is concerned with these two types of paper bag and the term "air-impermeable film or the like" here includes both films separated from the paper folds, as well as coatings of an impermeable material. air, sheathing one side of one of these folds.
Un désavantage de ces films imperméables à l'air est que, lors du remplissage du sac, ils ne comportent pas de pores permettant un libre passage de l'air de désaération du sac, ce qui freine la vitesse de remplissage de celui-ci.A disadvantage of these films impervious to air is that, when filling the bag, they do not have pores allowing free passage of air deaeration bag, which slows the filling rate thereof.
Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, les fabricants de sacs pratiquent généralement des entailles ou des perforations dans le sac en matière plastique, mais, bien évidemment, le film ainsi entaillé ou perforé présente une capacité moindre à protéger de l'humidité les produits conditionnés.To overcome this disadvantage, bag manufacturers generally cut or puncture the plastic bag, but, of course, the notched or perforated film has a lesser ability to protect packaged products from moisture.
La présente invention vise à éviter ce problème de la technique antérieure en proposant un sac en papier comportant un film ou une enduction en un matériau imperméable à l'air, qui permette néanmoins une excellente désaération du sac lors de son remplissage, tout en assurant une meilleure protection contre l'humidité du produit pulvérulent conditionné que les sacs à film plastique perforé ou entaillé de la technique usuelle.The present invention aims to avoid this problem of the prior art by providing a paper bag having a film or a coating of a material impervious to air, which nevertheless allows excellent deaeration of the bag during its filling, while ensuring a better protection against moisture of the packaged powder product than plastic bags perforated or cut of the usual technique.
On connaît déjà, par US 4 093 114 A et par FR 2 316 138 A qui lui correspond partiellement, un sac à valve qui vise à assurer « une sécurité nettement améliorée pour la valve, de sorte que les sacs peuvent être utilisés pour le conditionnement de liquides semi-solides pouvant s'écouler, même quand les sacs présentent une grande capacité » (page 2, lignes 12-18, de la demande française 2 316 138), ce qui est complètement différent du but de la présente invention.Already known from US 4,093,114 A and
L'invention faisant l'objet du brevet U.S. et de la demande française précités semble être (voir bas de la page 3 de la demande française) « l'adaptation [consistant] à assurer l'admission d'autres bandes ou pastilles du film entre les couches appropriées des panneaux se chevauchant ». Mais nulle part il n'est indiqué que le film intercalé entre les deux plis du papier n'est pas jointif, c'est à dire ne fait pas entièrement le tour du sac et que, pour assurer une protection contre l'humidité, une bande imperméable à l'air est disposée en regard de l'espace séparant les deux bords contigus du film.The invention which is the subject of the aforementioned US patent and French application seems to be (see bottom of
La présente invention, elle a pour objet un sac en papier multi-plis, comprenant un film ou similaire imperméable à l'air interposé entre deux plis de papier, le film étant replié de manière à former une gaine comportant deux bords longitudinaux contigus, ce sac étant caractérisé en ce que ces bords contigus du film ne sont pas jointifs, mais laissent subsister entre eux un intervalle suffisant pour permettre un libre passage de l'air de désaération, lors du remplissage du sac, et en ce que le pli de papier disposé à l'intérieur du sac comporte, sur l'une de ses faces et en regard de l'intervalle séparant les bords contigus du film ou de la pellicule rapportée de matériau imperméable à l'air, une bande imperméable à l'air, imposant à l'air de désaération du sac un trajet en chicane contournant cette bande pour qu'il puisse accéder entre le pli de papier et le film ou la pellicule rapportée et être évacué vers l'extérieur, lors de l'ensachage du produit à conditionner, tout en assurant la protection de ce produit contre l'humidité.The present invention relates to a multi-ply paper bag, comprising a film or the like impervious to air interposed between two folds of paper, the film being folded so as to form a sheath comprising two contiguous longitudinal edges, which bag being characterized in that these contiguous edges of the film are not contiguous, but leave between them a gap sufficient to allow a free passage of air deaeration, when filling the bag, and in that the fold of paper disposed inside the bag has, on one of its faces and opposite the gap separating the adjacent edges of the film or the attached film of air-impermeable material, an impervious band, imposing on the air of deaeration of the bag a baffle path bypassing this band so that it can access between the fold of paper and the film or the attached film and be discharged to the outside, when bagging the product condition, while ensuring protection of the product against moisture.
Comme indiqué ci-dessus, cette définition de l'invention englobe également le cas où le film imperméable à l'air est remplacé par une enduction avec une pellicule d'un matériau imperméable à l'air d'une des faces d'un pli de papier du sac, cette pellicule étant ici discontinue et comprenant alors sur la face enduite du pli de papier une zone longitudinale dépourvue de la pellicule imperméable à l'air, de manière à permettre un libre passage de l'air par les pores du papier et une désaération satisfaisante du sac lors de son remplissage.As indicated above, this definition of the invention also encompasses the case where the air impervious film is replaced by a coating with a film of an impermeable material of one of the faces of a fold. of the paper of the bag, this film here being discontinuous and then comprising on the coated side of the paper fold a longitudinal zone devoid of the air-impermeable film, in such a way to allow a free passage of air through the pores of the paper and satisfactory deaeration of the bag during its filling.
L'invention améliore donc considérablement la capacité de désaération du sac au moment de l'ensachage et, par conséquent, la vitesse de remplissage, ce qui se traduit par un gain appréciable de productivité.The invention therefore considerably improves the bag's de-aeration capacity at the time of bagging and, consequently, the filling rate, which results in an appreciable gain in productivity.
Loin d'être amoindrie, la protection du produit conditionné contre les éventuelles reprises d'humidité est renforcée, du fait de la suppression totale ou partielle des perforations du film imperméable à l'air, et cette protection accrue permet d'augmenter la durée de stockage des sacs emplis de produit pulvérulent, sans craindre une détérioration de leur contenu.Far from being diminished, the protection of the packaged product against any moisture recovery is enhanced, due to the total or partial elimination of the perforations of the impermeable film, and this increased protection makes it possible to increase the duration of storage bags filled with powdery product, without fear of deterioration of their contents.
La propreté des sacs, à l'issue de l'ensachage, constitue un autre avantage de l'invention, du fait que le produit pulvérulent ne risque plus de s'échapper en cours de remplissage par des trous pratiqués usuellement lors de la fabrication du sac.The cleanliness of the bags, after the bagging, is another advantage of the invention, because the powdery product is no longer likely to escape during filling by the holes usually made during the manufacture of the bag.
Enfin, le sac présente un aspect extérieur plus agréable à l'oeil, du fait de l'absence de perforations du pli de papier extérieur.Finally, the bag has an external appearance more pleasing to the eye, due to the lack of perforations of the outer paper fold.
Les dessins schématiques annexés illustrent, à titre d'exemple, une forme de mise en oeuvre de l'invention. Sur ces dessins :
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective avec arrachements d'un sac en papier multi-plis conforme à l'invention ;
- la figure 2 est une coupe transversale de ce sac.
- Figure 1 is a cutaway perspective view of a multi-ply paper bag according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a cross section of this bag.
Le sac 1 représenté sur la figure 1 est un sac en papier multi-plis, à valve ou à manchon, d'un type usuel, qui ne sera donc pas décrit en détail.The bag 1 shown in Figure 1 is a multi-ply paper bag, valve or sleeve, of a usual type, which will not be described in detail.
Il comprend de façon traditionnelle deux plis en papier, l'un intérieur 2, l'autre extérieur 3, repliés de manière à former une gaine continue, dont les bords longitudinaux contigus viennent à recouvrement et sont assemblés par collage. Entre ces deux plis 2 et 3, est interposé un film 4 en une matière plastique imperméable à l'air, qui est destiné à assurer la protection du produit pulvérulent contenu dans le sac contre les reprises d'humidité. Ce film 4 est par exemple en polyéthylène.It comprises conventionally two paper plies, one inside 2, the other outside 3, folded to form a continuous sheath, whose contiguous longitudinal edges overlap and are assembled by gluing. Between these two
Alors que le film 4 est habituellement replié de façon similaire aux plis 2 et 3 pour former une gaine continue, avec ses bords contigus venant à recouvrement et pouvant être assemblés par soudage, dans le cas présent et conformément à une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, les bords longitudinaux contigus du film 4 ne sont pas jointifs, mais sont au contraire séparés par un intervalle 5 s'étendant suivant la longueur du sac, cet intervalle étant suffisant pour laisser passer l'air s'échappant du sac lors du remplissage de celui-ci, l'air de désaération passant d'abord à travers les pores du sac interne en papier 2, puis par l'intervalle 5 et enfin à travers les pores du sac externe en papier 3, pour être évacué vers l'extérieur.While the film 4 is usually folded similarly to the
L'intervalle 5 entre les bords contigus du film imperméable 4 peut avoir une largeur de quelques centimètres et le film 4 n'assure donc pas à ce niveau une protection contre l'humidité. Afin de maintenir néanmoins une protection parfaitement satisfaisante du produit pulvérulent contenu dans le sac, on colle avantageusement sur l'une des faces du pli 2 du sac, en regard de l'intervalle 5, une bande du même film ou d'un autre film imperméable à l'air, de manière à permettre à l'air de s'échapper du sac, lors de l'ensachage, suivant un trajet en chicane illustré par des flèches sur la figure 2, tout en assurant une excellente protection contre les retours d'humidité en provenance de l'extérieur du sac, puisque le film est dépourvu de perforations en des emplacements autres que celui de l'intervalle 5.The
Comme il a été exposé ci-dessus, dans le cas d'un sac à deux plis de papier avec un film imperméable à l'air, on pourrait substituer de façon connue au film en matière plastique 4 une enduction d'une pellicule d'un produit imperméable à l'air sur la face tournée vers l'intérieur du sac du pli 3, en prévoyant alors, conformément à l'invention, une interruption localisée de cette enduction, de manière à ménager sur ce pli 3 une zone longitudinale non enduite, ayant un rôle équivalent à celui de l'intervalle 5 décrit dans la réalisation précédente et permettant un libre passage de l'air de désaération à travers les pores du papier du pli 3.As has been explained above, in the case of a bag with two folds of paper with an impermeable film, it would be possible, in a known manner, to substitute for the plastic film 4 a coating of a film of film. a product impervious to air on the face turned towards the inside of the bag of the
Comme précédemment, on prévoira alors sur le pli 2, du côté de ce pli tournée vers l'intérieur du sac et en regard de la zone dépourvue de pellicule imperméable à l'air une bande imperméable imposant un trajet en chicane à l'air de désaération. Cette bande pourra d'ailleurs être réalisée par enduction du pli 2 avec un matériau imperméable à l'air.As before, the
On notera que le sac conforme à l'invention ne comporte que des composants usuels des sacs en papier connus dans la technique et que les aménagements qui leur sont apportés conformément à l'invention n'entraînent pratiquement aucune majoration du coût des matières premières nécessaires à la fabrication de ces sacs.It should be noted that the bag according to the invention comprises only the usual components of the paper bags known in the art and that the arrangements made to them according to the invention entail practically no increase in the cost of the raw materials necessary for the manufacture of these bags.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0411133A FR2876670B1 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2004-10-20 | IMPROVEMENTS IN MULTI-PLY PAPER BAGS, COMPRISING A FILM OR SIMILAR AIR-IMPRESSABLE, INTERPOSED BETWEEN TWO PACKS OF PAPER |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1657180A1 true EP1657180A1 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
| EP1657180B1 EP1657180B1 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
Family
ID=34950403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05291908A Expired - Lifetime EP1657180B1 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2005-09-15 | Improvements on multi-ply paperbags, comprising an airtight film or equivalent, which is interposed between two paper layers |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1657180B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE376966T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602005003089T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2876670B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3184297A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-28 | BillerudKorsnäs AB | Rain resistant sack paper |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3184694A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-28 | BillerudKorsnäs AB | Rainproof paper sack |
| BR202018011357U2 (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-24 | Klabin S.A. | constructive arrangement in paper bag |
| DE202021106846U1 (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-03-28 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | Multi-layer paper sack |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1946995A (en) * | 1932-12-15 | 1934-02-13 | Bagpak Inc | Multi-ply bag |
| FR2316138A1 (en) | 1975-07-03 | 1977-01-28 | Ici Ltd | PLASTIC BAG |
| US4093114A (en) | 1975-07-03 | 1978-06-06 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Plastics bag |
| DE3119175A1 (en) * | 1981-05-14 | 1982-12-09 | Gartemann & Hollmann Gmbh, 4800 Bielefeld | Multi-layer sack, and method and device for its manufacture |
| US20030194153A1 (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-16 | James Dean | Dust-free sealer for valva bags |
| US20040000561A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | Valois Sas | Fluid dispenser |
-
2004
- 2004-10-20 FR FR0411133A patent/FR2876670B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-09-15 DE DE602005003089T patent/DE602005003089T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-09-15 EP EP05291908A patent/EP1657180B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-09-15 AT AT05291908T patent/ATE376966T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1946995A (en) * | 1932-12-15 | 1934-02-13 | Bagpak Inc | Multi-ply bag |
| FR2316138A1 (en) | 1975-07-03 | 1977-01-28 | Ici Ltd | PLASTIC BAG |
| US4093114A (en) | 1975-07-03 | 1978-06-06 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Plastics bag |
| DE3119175A1 (en) * | 1981-05-14 | 1982-12-09 | Gartemann & Hollmann Gmbh, 4800 Bielefeld | Multi-layer sack, and method and device for its manufacture |
| US20030194153A1 (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-16 | James Dean | Dust-free sealer for valva bags |
| US20040000561A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | Valois Sas | Fluid dispenser |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3184297A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-28 | BillerudKorsnäs AB | Rain resistant sack paper |
| EP3184296A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-28 | BillerudKorsnäs AB | Rain resistant paper sack |
| WO2017108911A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | Billerudkorsnäs Ab | Rain resistant paper sack |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2876670B1 (en) | 2008-07-11 |
| EP1657180B1 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
| ATE376966T1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
| DE602005003089D1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
| FR2876670A1 (en) | 2006-04-21 |
| DE602005003089T2 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
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