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EP1651781B1 - Method for the production of leather by using polymers - Google Patents

Method for the production of leather by using polymers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1651781B1
EP1651781B1 EP04740614A EP04740614A EP1651781B1 EP 1651781 B1 EP1651781 B1 EP 1651781B1 EP 04740614 A EP04740614 A EP 04740614A EP 04740614 A EP04740614 A EP 04740614A EP 1651781 B1 EP1651781 B1 EP 1651781B1
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Prior art keywords
alkyl
formula
hydrogen
butyl
weight
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EP04740614A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1651781A1 (en
Inventor
Stephan Hüffer
Gerhard Wolf
Matthias KLÜGLEIN
Stefan Becker
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14CCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C3/00Tanning; Compositions for tanning
    • C14C3/02Chemical tanning
    • C14C3/08Chemical tanning by organic agents
    • C14C3/22Chemical tanning by organic agents using polymerisation products

Definitions

  • polymers can be used in pre-treatment, main- and retanning. In many cases, the use of polymers in the pre-tanning process makes it possible to dispense entirely or at least partially with Cr compounds.
  • the choice of polymers can affect the properties of the final leather product. For the choice of polymers different proposals are made in the literature.
  • Water-soluble copolymers are known, which are prepared by copolymerization of (meth) acrylic acid or of maleic monoesters, an alkyl-capped alkoxylated half ester and optionally a dicarboxylic acid and optionally styrene, and their use as dispersants for pigments such as CaCO 3 is described.
  • EP-A 0 628 085 describes the use of copolymers of maleic anhydride and optionally a second monomer, for example styrene, isobutene or vinyl acetate, the copolymers being reacted before use with retanning and filling with alkoxylated alcohols.
  • a second monomer for example styrene, isobutene or vinyl acetate
  • EP-A 0 792 377 a process is known in which the tanning and optionally also the pretanning by aldehydes or other reactive carbonyl compounds in the presence of polymers, for example maleic anhydride- ⁇ -olefin-styrene terpolymers (variant I) is carried out.
  • polymers for example maleic anhydride- ⁇ -olefin-styrene terpolymers (variant I) is carried out.
  • the leathers thus produced show good light fastness and heat yellowing stability. However, the tear strength of the leathers thus produced is not yet satisfactory.
  • the polymers mentioned in the prior art are not yet optimal for the treatment of especially soft leathers.
  • the leathers produced by the previous methods can be improved in their fullness, their grain texture and the surface properties.
  • the distribution of the fats used in the retanning in the leather cross section is not optimal.
  • R 4 and R 5 are each hydrogen.
  • R 1 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 2 is selected from hydrogen or methyl, and y is 1.
  • Exemplary selected compounds of formula III are (meth) acrylamides such as acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-propylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-tert-octylacrylamide, N-undecylacrylamide or the corresponding methacrylamides.
  • Exemplary selected compounds of the formula IV a are N-vinylcarboxamides such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide or N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide;
  • Examples of selected representatives of compounds of formula IV b are N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-4-piperidone and N-vinyl- ⁇ -caprolactam.
  • Exemplary selected compounds of formula VI are (meth) acrylic acid esters and amides such as N, N-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates or N, N-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) -acrylamides; Examples are N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl acrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl methacrylate, 2- (N, N-Dimethylamino) ethylacrylamide, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethylmethacrylamide,
  • Exemplary selected compounds of formula VII are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate or vinyl laurate.
  • monomer (D) methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylamide, vinyl n-butyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 1-vinylimidazole, 4-vinylpyridine, vinylphosphonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid.
  • the preparation of the polymers used in the process according to the invention can be carried out as follows. It is possible to copolymerize the monomers (A), (B), (C) and optionally (D) by solution polymerization, precipitation polymerization or, preferably, solvent-free by bulk polymerization. In this case, (A), (B), (C) and optionally (D) may copolymerize in the form of random copolymers or as block copolymers.
  • Pressure and temperature conditions for copolymerization of (A), (B), (C) and optionally (D) are generally not critical.
  • the temperatures are for example in the range of 60 to 200 ° C, preferably 90 to 160 ° C, the pressure is for example in the range of 1 to 10 bar, preferably 1 to 3 bar.
  • Suitable solvents are preferably those solvents which are considered inert to anhydrides derived from dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular acetone, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane.
  • Suitable precipitants are aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, ethylbenzene or mixtures of one or more of the abovementioned aromatic hydrocarbons, n-hexane, petroleum ether or isododecane. Also mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are suitable.
  • R 6 hydrogen
  • regulators for example mercaptoethanol or n-dodecylmercaptan. Suitable amounts are, for example, 0.1 to 6 wt .-%, based on the mass of all monomers.
  • the copolymerization is advantageously started by initiators, for example peroxides or hydroperoxides.
  • Suitable peroxides or hydroperoxides are di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl permalate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, benzoyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide, p-butyl peroxide. Chlorobenzoyl peroxide, Dicyclohexylperoxiddicarbonat, exemplified.
  • redox initiators is also suitable, as well as azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4 dimethylvaleronitrile).
  • these initiators are used in amounts of 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 15 wt .-%, calculated on the mass of all monomers.
  • the copolymerization described above gives polymers.
  • the resulting polymers may contain compounds of general formula I and may be subjected to purification by conventional methods, for example reprecipitation or extractive removal of unreacted monomers. But you can omit the cleaning and use the copolymers described above in admixture with compound I for the production of leather. If a solvent or precipitant was used, it is possible to remove this after completion of the copolymerization, for example by distillation.
  • the polydispersity of the polymers described above is generally between 2 and 10, preferably up to 7, but may assume higher values.
  • the K values of the polymers described above are from 6 to 100, preferably from 10 to 60 (measured according to H. Fikentscher at 25 ° C. in, for example, water or tetrahydrofuran and a polymer concentration of 1% by weight).
  • R 6 is -CO-H (formyl), or -CO-C 1 -C 20 -alkyl or-CO-C 6 -C 14 aryl display, so it is advantageous to from the corresponding derivative in which R 6 is Hydrogen from, for example, it reacts with mixed anhydrides or symmetrical anhydrides.
  • Particularly preferred anhydrides are acetic anhydride, benzoic anhydride or H-CO-O-COCH 3 .
  • the process according to the invention for the production of leather can be carried out as a process for pretanning or tanning, in the following also called tanning process according to the invention.
  • the tanning process according to the invention is based on hides pretreated by conventional methods from animals such as, for example, cattle, pigs, goats or deer, the so-called pelts. It is not essential for the tanning process according to the invention, whether the animals were killed, for example, by slaughtering or have died of natural causes.
  • Conventional methods of pre-treatment include, for example, liming, deliming, pickling and pimpling, as well as mechanical operations such as skinning the hides.
  • the polymers described above can accordingly be used according to the invention in the pretanning or tanning.
  • the polymers described above can be used according to the invention in the retanning.
  • the tanning process according to the invention is generally carried out by adding one or more polymers described above in one portion or in several portions immediately before or else during the tanning step.
  • the tanning process according to the invention is preferably carried out at a pH of 2.5 to 4, it being frequently observed that the pH increases by about 0.3 to three units during the performance of the tanning process according to the invention. It is also possible to increase the pH by about 0.3 to three units by adding blunting agents.
  • the tanning process according to the invention is generally carried out at temperatures of 10 to 45 °, preferably at 20 to 30 ° C. Has proven useful a duration of 10 minutes to 12 hours, preferably one to three hours.
  • the tanning process according to the invention can be carried out in any conventional tanning vessel, for example by walking in barrels or in rotated drums.
  • the polymers described above are used together with one or more conventional tanning agents, for example with chrome tanning agents, mineral tanning agents, syntans, polymer tanning agents or vegetable tanning agents, as described, for example, in US Pat Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A15, pages 259 to 282 and in particular page 268 ff., 5th edition, (1990), Verlag Chemie Weinheim.
  • the weight ratio of the above-described polymers or hydrolyzed polymer: conventional tanning agent or sum of the conventional tanning agents is advantageously from 0.01: 1 to 100: 1.
  • the above-described polymers are added in one portion or in several portions before or during pre-tanning, in a particular variant already in pimples.
  • the retanning process according to the invention is based on conventionally tanned semifinished products, ie semifinished products tanned, for example, with chromium tanning agents, mineral tannins, polymer tanning agents, aldehydes, syntans or resin tanning agents, or semifinished products produced according to the invention.
  • the above-described polymers are allowed to act on semi-finished products.
  • the retanning process according to the invention can be carried out under otherwise customary conditions. It is convenient to choose one or more, i. For example, 2 to 6 action steps and can rinse between the interaction steps with water.
  • the temperature in the individual reaction steps is in each case in the range from 5 to 60.degree. C., preferably from 20 to 45.degree.
  • further agents customarily used during the retanning for example fatliquors, polymer tanning agents and acrylate- and / or methacrylate-based fatliquoring agents, retanning agents based on resin and vegetable tanning agents, fillers, leather dyes or emulsifiers.
  • aqueous dispersions and solutions containing the polymers described above are aqueous dispersions and solutions containing the polymers described above.
  • dispersions are to be understood as meaning, for example, emulsions or suspensions of the above-described polymers.
  • the aqueous dispersions according to the invention and the aqueous solutions according to the invention usually contain from 20 to 50% by weight of the polymers according to the invention.
  • Their pH is usually in the range of 3 to 10, and preferably in the range of 4 to 8.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is leather produced by the tanning process according to the invention or the retanning process according to the invention or by a combination of inventive tanning process and retanning process according to the invention.
  • the leathers of the invention are characterized by an overall advantageous quality, for example, they are particularly soft.
  • the leathers according to the invention comprise the above-described polymers or the hydrolyzed polymers described above, distributed particularly uniformly over the cross-section.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is the use of the leather according to the invention for the production of clothing, furniture or car parts.
  • garments are, for example, jackets, trousers, shoes, belts or suspenders.
  • furniture is to be understood as meaning all furniture which contains leather components. Examples include seating, such as armchairs, chairs, sofas.
  • Car parts are exemplified by car seats.
  • Another aspect of the present invention are garments comprising or made of leathers of the invention.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is furniture comprising or made of leathers according to the invention.
  • Another aspect of the present invention are car parts containing or made from leathers of the invention.
  • the preparation of the polymers according to the invention can be carried out as follows. It is possible to copolymerize the monomers (A), (B), (C ') and optionally (D) by solution polymerization, precipitation polymerization or, preferably, solvent-free by Massepoly-ization with each other. In this case, (A), (B), (C ') and optionally (D) may copolymerize in the form of random copolymers or as block copolymers.
  • Pressure and temperature conditions for copolymerization of (A), (B) (C ') and optionally (D) are generally not critical.
  • the temperatures are for example in the range of 60 to 200 ° C, preferably 90 to 160 ° C, the pressure is for example in the range of 1 to 10 bar, preferably 1 to 3 bar.
  • reaction times are, for example, 0.5 hours to 12 hours in question, although shorter and longer reaction times are conceivable.
  • Suitable solvents are preferably those solvents which are considered inert to anhydrides derived from dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular acetone, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane.
  • Suitable precipitants are aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, ethylbenzene or mixtures of one or more of the abovementioned aromatic hydrocarbons, n-hexane, petroleum ether or isododecane. Also mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are suitable.
  • R 13 hydrogen
  • regulators for example mercaptoethanol or n-dodecylmercaptan. Suitable amounts are, for example, 0.1 to 6 wt .-%, based on the mass of all monomers.
  • the copolymerization is advantageously started by initiators, for example peroxides or hydroperoxides.
  • Suitable peroxides or hydroperoxides are di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl permaleinate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, benzoyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide, p-butyl peroxide. Chlorobenzoyl peroxide, Dicyclohexylperoxiddicarbonat, exemplified.
  • redox initiators is also suitable, as well as azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4 dimethylvaleronitrile).
  • these initiators are used in amounts of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight, calculated on the mass of all monomers.
  • the copolymerization described above gives inventive polymers.
  • the polymers according to the invention may contain compounds of the general formula Ia, and the polymers according to the invention may be subjected to purification by conventional methods, for example reprecipitation or extractive removal of unreacted monomers. But you can omit the cleaning and use the copolymers described above in a mixture with compound I a for the production of leather. If a solvent or precipitant has been used, it is possible to remove it after completion of the copolymerization, for example by distillation.
  • the polydispersity of the polymers according to the invention is generally between 2 and 10, preferably up to 7, but may assume higher values.
  • the K values of the polymers according to the invention are from 6 to 100, preferably from 10 to 60 (measured according to H. Fikentscher at 25 ° C. in, for example, water or tetrahydrofuran and a polymer concentration of 1% by weight).
  • derivatives with R 13 as CO-H (formyl) or CO-C 1 -C 20 -alkyl
  • the polymers according to the invention or the aqueous dispersions according to the invention can be used particularly well for leather production under the conditions described above.
  • the K values of the polymers were determined by H. Fikentscher, Cellulosic Chemistry, Vol. 13, 58-64 and 761-774 (1932 ) in aqueous solution at 25 ° C and a polymer concentration of 1 wt .-%.
  • the reaction mixture thus obtained was then stirred for 90 minutes at 150 ° C, whereby a clear oil was formed.
  • the oil was taken up in 670 ml of water and adjusted to pH 6-7 with a 25% by weight sodium hydroxide solution.
  • % by weight refers to the shaved weight unless otherwise specified.
  • the washed leathers were dried, staked and evaluated according to the test criteria set out in Table 3.
  • the rating was based on a grading system from 1 (very good) to 5 (poor).
  • Polymer V 1 was an acrylic acid acrylamide random copolymer having a Fikentscher K value of 70 (1 wt% solution in water), comonomer ratio in mol%: (acrylic acid: acrylamide) 90:10.
  • the skin of a Southern German cattle was (with respect to the Pickelblête) 1.25 wt .-% glutaric dialdehyde and 3 wt .-% of the sulfone tonic from EP-B 0 459 168
  • Example K1 converted into a wet-white semi-finished product. After pre-tanning, the pH was 3.9.
  • the semi-finished products were folded after wilting to a thickness of 1.2 mm and cut into strips of about 350 g each.
  • the furniture leathers produced according to the invention had excellent fullness and grain firmness with excellent dye dispersion and fixation. Furthermore, it has been observed that by means of the retanning process according to the invention tanning auxiliaries have been distributed more uniformly in the leather and the so-called wastage has been improved; the range of tannery additives, in particular the dyes, has thus been better utilized. In addition, the wastewater load could be reduced accordingly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leder, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man Blößen, Pickelblößen oder Halbzeuge mit mindestens einem Polymerisat behandelt, das erhältlich ist durch Copolymerisation von

  1. (A) mindestens einer ethylenisch ungesättigten Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen oder mindestens eines von einer Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen abgeleiteten Anhydrids,
  2. (B) mindestens einer vinylaromatischen Verbindung,
  3. (C) mindestens eines alkoxylierten ungesättigten Ethers der allgemeinen Formel I
    Figure imgb0001
  4. (D) optional weiteren monoethylenisch ungesättigten Monomeren,
wobei in Formel I die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind:
R1, R2, R3
gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus C1-C4-Alkyl oder Wasserstoff;
R4, R5
jeweils gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus C1-C4-Alkyl oder Wasserstoff;
R6
gewählt aus Wasserstoff, SO3M, PO3M2, C1-C30-Alkyl, CO-H (Formyl), CO-C1-C20-Alkyl, CO-C6-C14-Aryl
M
Alkalimetall oder NH4 oder CH3,
n
eine ganze Zahl von 3 bis 100,
y
eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 10.
The present invention relates to a process for the production of leather, characterized in that pelts, Pickelblößen or semi-finished products are treated with at least one polymer which is obtainable by copolymerization of
  1. (A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 C atoms or at least one anhydride derived from a mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 C atoms,
  2. (B) at least one vinyl aromatic compound,
  3. (C) at least one alkoxylated unsaturated ether of general formula I.
    Figure imgb0001
  4. (D) optionally further monoethylenically unsaturated monomers,
where in formula I the variables are defined as follows:
R 1 , R 2 , R 3
identical or different and selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or hydrogen;
R 4 , R 5
each the same or different and selected from C 1 -C 4 alkyl or hydrogen;
R 6
selected from hydrogen, SO 3 M, PO 3 M 2 , C 1 -C 30 -alkyl, CO-H (formyl), C 0 -C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, CO-C 6 -C 14 -aryl
M
Alkali metal or NH 4 or CH 3 ,
n
an integer from 3 to 100,
y
an integer from 0 to 10.

Zur Herstellung von Leder können bei der Vor-, Haupt- und Nachgerbung Polymere eingesetzt werden. Durch den Einsatz von Polymeren in der Vorgerbung kann dabei in vielen Fällen auf Cr-Verbindungen ganz oder zumindest teilweise verzichtet werden. Die Wahl der Polymeren kann die Eigenschaften des Lederendprodukts beeinflussen. Für die Wahl der Polymeren werden in der Literatur unterschiedliche Vorschläge gemacht.For the production of leather, polymers can be used in pre-treatment, main- and retanning. In many cases, the use of polymers in the pre-tanning process makes it possible to dispense entirely or at least partially with Cr compounds. The choice of polymers can affect the properties of the final leather product. For the choice of polymers different proposals are made in the literature.

Aus WO 01/96007 sind wasserlösliche Copolymere bekannt, die durch Copolymerisation von (Meth)acrylsäure oder von Maleinsäurehalbestern, einem alkylverkappten alkoxylierten Halbester und optional einer Dicarbonsäure sowie optional Styrol hergestellt werden, und ihre Verwendung als Dispergiermittel für Pigmente wie beispielsweise CaCO3 ist beschrieben.Out WO 01/96007 Water-soluble copolymers are known, which are prepared by copolymerization of (meth) acrylic acid or of maleic monoesters, an alkyl-capped alkoxylated half ester and optionally a dicarboxylic acid and optionally styrene, and their use as dispersants for pigments such as CaCO 3 is described.

In EP-A 0 628 085 wird die Verwendung von Copolymeren aus Maleinsäureanhydrid und optional einem zweiten Monomer, beispielsweise Styrol, Isobuten oder Vinylacetat beschrieben, wobei die Copolymeren vor der Verwendung zum Nachgerben und Füllen mit alkoxylierten Alkoholen umgesetzt werden.In EP-A 0 628 085 describes the use of copolymers of maleic anhydride and optionally a second monomer, for example styrene, isobutene or vinyl acetate, the copolymers being reacted before use with retanning and filling with alkoxylated alcohols.

Aus US 5,646,225 und US 5,728,777 sind Copolymere aus Styrol, Methacrylsäure und monopropoxyliertem Allylalkohol sowie die Verwendung der Copolymere in Tinten auf Lösungsmittelbasis ( US 5,728,777 ) bekannt.Out US 5,646,225 and US 5,728,777 are copolymers of styrene, methacrylic acid and monopropoxylated allyl alcohol and the use of the copolymers in solvent-based inks ( US 5,728,777 ) known.

Aus EP-A 0 792 377 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem die Gerbung und gegebenenfalls auch die Vorgerbung durch Aldehyde oder andere reaktive Carbonylverbindungen in Anwesenheit von Polymeren, beispielsweise Maleinsäureanhydrid-α-Olefin-Styrol-Terpolymeren (Variante I), durchgeführt wird. Die so hergestellten Leder zeigen gute Lichtechtheit und Wärmevergilbungsstabilität. Die Reißfestigkeit der so hergestellten Leder ist jedoch noch nicht befriedigend.Out EP-A 0 792 377 a process is known in which the tanning and optionally also the pretanning by aldehydes or other reactive carbonyl compounds in the presence of polymers, for example maleic anhydride-α-olefin-styrene terpolymers (variant I) is carried out. The leathers thus produced show good light fastness and heat yellowing stability. However, the tear strength of the leathers thus produced is not yet satisfactory.

Zur Behandlung von insbesondere weichen Ledern sind die im Stand der Technik genannten Polymere jedoch noch nicht optimal. Beispielsweise lassen sich die nach den bisherigen Methoden hergestellten Leder in ihrer Fülle, ihrer Narbenbeschaffenheit und den Oberflächeneigenschaften verbessern. Weiterhin ist die Verteilung der in der Nachgerbung eingesetzten Fette im Lederquerschnitt noch nicht optimal.However, the polymers mentioned in the prior art are not yet optimal for the treatment of especially soft leathers. For example, the leathers produced by the previous methods can be improved in their fullness, their grain texture and the surface properties. Furthermore, the distribution of the fats used in the retanning in the leather cross section is not optimal.

Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leder bereitzustellen, das die oben genannten Schwächen vermeidet.It was therefore an object to provide an improved process for the production of leather, which avoids the above-mentioned weaknesses.

Demgemäß wurde das eingangs definierte Verfahren gefunden. Es geht aus von mindestens einem der eingangs definierten Polymerisate. Eingangs definierte Polymerisate enthalten als einpolymerisierte Monomere:

  1. (A) mindestens eine ethylenisch ungesättigten Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen oder mindestens ein von einer Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen abgeleiteten Anhydrid. Beispiele für ethylenisch ungesättigte Mono- oder Dicarbonsäuren mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen sind (Meth)acrylsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure, Crotonsäure; ganz besonders bevorzugt ist Acrylsäure.
    Als von einer Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen abgeleitete Anhydride seien beispielsweise genannt: Maleinsäureanhydrid, Itaconsäureanhydrid, Citraconsäureanhydrid, Methylenmalonsäureanydrid, bevorzugt Itaconsäureanhydrid und Maleinsäureanhydrid und ganz besonders bevorzugt Maleinsäureanhydrid.
    Es kommen auch gemischte Anhydride in Frage, beispielsweise das gemischte Anhydrid aus (Meth)acrylsäure und Essigsäure.
  2. (B) mindestens eine vinylaromatische Verbindung, beispielsweise der allgemeinen Formel VIII
    Figure imgb0002
    in der R14 und R15 unabhängig voneinander jeweils für Wasserstoff, Methyl oder Ethyl stehen, R16 Methyl oder Ethyl bedeutet und k eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 2 bedeutet; bevorzugt sind R14 und R15 jeweils Wasserstoff, und bevorzugt gilt k = 0.
    Bevorzugt wird als (B) α-Methylstyrol und ganz besonders bevorzugt Styrol eingesetzt.
  3. (C) mindestens ein alkoxylierter ungesättigter Ether der allgemeinen Formel I
    Figure imgb0003
    wobei in Formel I die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind:
    R1, R2 R3
    gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus
    C1-C4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl, besonders bevorzugt Methyl, oder Wasserstoff; .
    R4, R5
    jeweils gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus
    C1-C4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl, besonders bevorzugt Methyl,
    oder Wasserstoff;
    R6
    gewählt aus Wasserstoff,
    SO3M PO3M2,
    und vorzugsweise organische Reste wie
    C1-C30-Alkyl, bevorzugt linear oder verzweigt, wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Dodecyl, n-Hexadecyl, n-Octadecyl, n-Eicosyl; besonders bevorzugt C1-C4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl;
    CO-H (Formyl) oder CO-C1-C20-Alkyl, besonders bevorzugt Acetyl, Propionyl, n-Butyryl, n-Stearyl, n-Lauryl;
    CO-C6-C14-Aryl wie beispielsweise α-Naphthoyl, β-Naphthoyi und bevorzugt Benzoyl CO-C6H5,
    M
    Alkalimetall, insbesondere Natrium oder Kalium, oder NH4 +,
    oder CH3,
    n
    eine ganze Zahl von 3 bis 100, bevorzugt von 10 bis 40,
    y
    eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 10, bevorzugt 1 bis 10 und besonders bevorzugt 1 oder 2.
Accordingly, the method defined above was found. It is based on at least one of the polymers defined above. Initially defined polymers contain as copolymerized monomers:
  1. (A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms or at least one of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms derived anhydride. Examples of ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 C atoms are (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid; very particularly preferred is acrylic acid.
    Examples of anhydrides derived from a mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms are: maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, methylenemalonic anhydride, preferably itaconic anhydride and maleic anhydride, and most preferably maleic anhydride.
    Also suitable are mixed anhydrides, for example the mixed anhydride of (meth) acrylic acid and acetic acid.
  2. (B) at least one vinyl aromatic compound, for example of the general formula VIII
    Figure imgb0002
    in which R 14 and R 15 are each independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R 16 is methyl or ethyl and k is an integer from 0 to 2; Preferably, R 14 and R 15 are each hydrogen, and preferably k = 0.
    Preference is given to using (B) α-methylstyrene and very particularly preferably styrene.
  3. (C) at least one alkoxylated unsaturated ether of the general formula I.
    Figure imgb0003
    where in formula I the variables are defined as follows:
    R 1 , R 2 R 3
    the same or different and chosen
    C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, more preferably methyl, or hydrogen; ,
    R 4 , R 5
    each same or different and selected from
    C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, particularly preferably methyl,
    or hydrogen;
    R 6
    chosen from hydrogen,
    SO 3 M PO 3 M 2 ,
    and preferably organic radicals such as
    C 1 -C 30 -alkyl, preferably linear or branched, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl Pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-eicosyl; particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl;
    CO-H (formyl) or CO-C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, particularly preferably acetyl, propionyl, n-butyryl, n-stearyl, n-lauryl;
    CO-C 6 -C 14 -aryl such as, for example, α-naphthoyl, β-naphthoyl and preferably benzoyl CO-C 6 H 5 ,
    M
    Alkali metal, in particular sodium or potassium, or NH 4 + ,
    or CH 3 ,
    n
    an integer from 3 to 100, preferably from 10 to 40,
    y
    an integer from 0 to 10, preferably 1 to 10 and particularly preferably 1 or 2.

Besonders bevorzugt ist R4 und R5 jeweils Wasserstoff.Particularly preferably, R 4 and R 5 are each hydrogen.

Besonders bevorzugt ist R1 und R3 Wasserstoff, R2 ist gewählt aus Wasserstoff oder Methyl, und y ist 1.More preferably, R 1 and R 3 are hydrogen, R 2 is selected from hydrogen or methyl, and y is 1.

Es können optional ein oder mehrere weitere monoethylenisch ungesättigte Monomere (D) einpolymerisiert werden.It is optionally possible to copolymerize one or more further monoethylenically unsaturated monomers (D).

Das oder die Monomere (D), das bzw. die optional in die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Polymerisate einpolymerisiert werden können, sind von (A) verschieden. Als bevorzugte Monomere (D) sind zu nennen:

  • Ethylenisch ungesättigte C3-C8-Carbonsäurederivate der allgemeinen Formel II
    Figure imgb0004
  • Acrylamide der Formel III,
    Figure imgb0005
  • nicht-cyclische Amide der allgemeinen Formel IV a und cyclische Amide der allgemeinen Formel IV b
    Figure imgb0006
  • C1-C20-Alkyl-vinylether wie Methyl-vinylether, Ethyl-vinylether, n-Propyl-vinylether, iso-Propyl-vinylether, n-Butyl-vinylether, iso-Butyl-vinylether, 2-Ethylhexyl-vinylether oder n-Octadecyl-vinylether;
  • N-Vinyl-derivate von stickstoffhaltigen aromatischen Verbindungen, bevorzugt N-Vinylimidazol, 2-Methyl-1-vinylimidazol, N-Vinyloxazolidon, N-Vinyltriazol, 2-Vinylpyridin, 4-Vinylpyridin, 4-Vinylpyridin-N-oxid, N-Vinylimidazolin, N-Vinyl-2-methylimidazolin,
  • alkoxylierte ungesättigte Ester oder Amide der allgemeinen Formel V,
    Figure imgb0007
  • Ester und Amide der allgemeinen Formel VI,
    Figure imgb0008
  • ungesättigte Ester der allgemeinen Formel VII
    Figure imgb0009
The monomer or monomers (D) which can optionally be copolymerized in the polymers used in the process according to the invention are different from (A). Preferred monomers (D) are:
  • Ethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 carboxylic acid derivatives of the general formula II
    Figure imgb0004
  • Acrylamides of formula III,
    Figure imgb0005
  • non-cyclic amides of the general formula IV a and cyclic amides of the general formula IV b
    Figure imgb0006
  • C 1 -C 20 -alkyl-vinyl ethers such as methyl-vinyl ether, ethyl-vinyl ether, n-propyl-vinyl ether, iso-propyl-vinyl ether, n-butyl-vinyl ether, isobutyl-vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl-vinyl ether or n- octadecyl vinyl ether;
  • N-vinyl derivatives of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, preferably N-vinylimidazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinyltriazole, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine-N-oxide, N-vinylimidazoline , N-vinyl-2-methylimidazoline,
  • alkoxylated unsaturated esters or amides of the general formula V,
    Figure imgb0007
  • Esters and amides of the general formula VI,
    Figure imgb0008
  • unsaturated esters of general formula VII
    Figure imgb0009

Weiterhin geeignet sind Sulfonat-, Phosphat- oder Phosphonat-Gruppen-haltige Monomere, wie beispielsweise Vinylsulfonsäure und Vinylphosphonsäure und Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel IX

Figure imgb0010
wobei Phosphat-Gruppen, Sulfonat-Gruppen oder Phosphonat-Gruppen gegebenenfalls partiell oder vollständig in Form von Alkalimetallsalzen vorliegen können.
wobei die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind:

R7,
gewählt aus unverzweigten oder verzweigten C1-C10-Alkyl, wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl; besonders bevorzugt C1-C4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl,
und insbesondere Wasserstoff;
R8
gewählt aus unverzweigten oder verzweigten C1-C10-Alkyl, wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl; besonders bevorzugt C1-C4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl, insbesondere Methyl
und insbesondere Wasserstoff;
R9
gleich oder verschieden und C1-C22-Alkyl, verzweigt oder unverzweigt, wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Dodecyl, n-Eicosyl; besonders bevorzugt C1-C4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl;
oder besonders bevorzugt Wasserstoff;
A1
gleich oder verschieden und C2-C6-Alkylen, beispielsweise -CH2-, -CH(CH3)-, -(CH2)2-, -CH2-CH(CH3)-, -(CH2)3-, -CH2-CH(C2H5)-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)5-, -(CH2)6-, vorzugsweise C1-C3-Alkylen; insbesondere -(CH2)2-, -CH2-CH(CH3)- und -CH2-CH(C2H5)-;
x
eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 2 bis 6, vorzugsweise 3 bis 5;
a
eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 0 bis 6, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0 bis 2;
b
eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 1 bis 40, bevorzugt 1 bis 10,
m
eine ganze Zahl im Bereich von 2 bis 200, bevorzugt 10 bis 40;
R10, R11
gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus Wasserstoff, unverzweigten oder verzweigten C1-C10-Alkyl und wobei unverzweigtes und verzweigtes C1-C10-Alkyl wie oben stehend definiert ist;
X
Sauerstoff oder N-R12;
R12
gewählt aus unverzweigten oder verzweigten C1-C10-Alkyl, wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl und insbesondere Wasserstoff oder Methyl; Phenyl.
Also suitable are sulfonate, phosphate or phosphonate group-containing monomers, such as vinylsulfonic acid and vinylphosphonic acid and compounds of general formula IX
Figure imgb0010
where phosphate groups, sulfonate groups or phosphonate groups may optionally be present partially or completely in the form of alkali metal salts.
where the variables are defined as follows:
R 7 ,
selected from unbranched or branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, Pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl,
and especially hydrogen;
R 8
selected from unbranched or branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, Pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, in particular methyl
and especially hydrogen;
R 9
identical or different and C 1 -C 22 -alkyl, branched or unbranched, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n Decyl, n-dodecyl, n-eicosyl; particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl;
or more preferably hydrogen;
A 1
identical or different and C 2 -C 6 -alkylene, for example -CH 2 -, -CH (CH 3 ) -, - (CH 2 ) 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -, - (CH 2 ) 3 -, -CH 2 -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -, - (CH 2 ) 4 -, - (CH 2 ) 5 -, - (CH 2 ) 6 -, preferably C 1 -C 3 -alkylene; in particular - (CH 2 ) 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) - and -CH 2 -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -;
x
an integer in the range of 2 to 6, preferably 3 to 5;
a
an integer in the range of 0 to 6, preferably in the range of 0 to 2;
b
an integer in the range of 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 10,
m
an integer in the range of 2 to 200, preferably 10 to 40;
R 10 , R 11
identical or different and selected from hydrogen, unbranched or branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl and wherein unbranched and branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl is as defined above;
X
Oxygen or NR 12 ;
R 12
selected from unbranched or branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, Pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl and in particular hydrogen or methyl; Phenyl.

Die übrigen Variablen sind wie oben stehend definiert.The remaining variables are defined as above.

Beispielhaft ausgewählte Verbindungen der Formel III sind (Meth)Acrylamide wie Acrylamid, N-Methylacrylamid, N,N-Dimethylacrylamid, N-Ethylacrylamid, N-Propylacrylamid, N-tert.-Butylacrylamid, N-tert.-Octylacrylamid, N-Undecylacrylamid oder die entsprechenden Methacrylamide.Exemplary selected compounds of formula III are (meth) acrylamides such as acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-propylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-tert-octylacrylamide, N-undecylacrylamide or the corresponding methacrylamides.

Beispielhaft ausgewählte Verbindungen der Formel IV a sind N-Vinylcarbonsäureamide wie N-Vinylformamid, N-Vinyl-N-methylfomamid, N-Vinylacetamid oder N-Vinyl-N-methylacetamid; beispielhaft ausgewählte Vertreter für Verbindungen der Formel IV b sind N-Vinylpyrrolidon, N-Vinyl-4-piperidon und N-Vinyl-ε-caprolactam.Exemplary selected compounds of the formula IV a are N-vinylcarboxamides such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide or N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide; Examples of selected representatives of compounds of formula IV b are N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-4-piperidone and N-vinyl-ε-caprolactam.

Beispielhaft ausgewählte Verbindungen der Formel VI sind (Meth)acrylsäureester und -amide wie N,N-Dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylate oder N,N-Dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)-acrylamide; Beispiele sind N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylat, N,N-Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylat, N,N-Diethylaminoethylacrylat, N,N-Diethylaminoethylmethacrylat, N,N-Dimethylaminopropylacrylat, N,N-Dimethylaminopropylmethacrylat, N,N-Diethylaminopropylacrylat, N,N-Diethylaminopropylmethacrylat, 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethylacrylamid, 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylamid, 2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethylacrylamid, 2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethylmethacrylamid, 3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)propylacrylamid und 3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)propylmethacrylamid.Exemplary selected compounds of formula VI are (meth) acrylic acid esters and amides such as N, N-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates or N, N-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) -acrylamides; Examples are N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl acrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl methacrylate, 2- (N, N-Dimethylamino) ethylacrylamide, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethylmethacrylamide, 2- (N, N-diethylamino) ethylacrylamide, 2- (N, N-diethylamino) ethylmethacrylamide, 3- (N, N Dimethylamino) propylacrylamide and 3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propylmethacrylamide.

Beispielhaft ausgewählte Verbindungen der Formel VII sind Vinylacetat, Vinylpropionat, Vinylbutyrat, Vinyl-2-ethylhexanoat oder Vinyllaurat.Exemplary selected compounds of formula VII are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate or vinyl laurate.

Ganz besonders bevorzugt wird als Monomer (D) eingesetzt: Methylacrylat, Methylmethacrylat, Acrylamid, Vinyl-n-butylether, Vinyl-iso-butylether, N-Vinylformamid, N-Vinylpyrrolidon, 1-Vinylimidazol, 4-Vinylpyridin, Vinylphosphonsäure, Vinylsulfonsäure.Very particular preference is given to using as monomer (D): methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylamide, vinyl n-butyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 1-vinylimidazole, 4-vinylpyridine, vinylphosphonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid.

In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung werden die Monomere (A) bis (D) wie folgt einpolymerisiert:

  1. (A) 2 bis 50 Gew.-% mindestens einer ethylenisch ungesättigten Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen oder mindestens eines von einer Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen abgeleiteten Anhydrids, bevorzugt 5 bis 30 Gew.-%,
  2. (B) 5 bis 80 Gew.-% mindestens einer vinylaromatischen Verbindung, bevorzugt 8 bis 50 Gew.%,
  3. (C) 10 bis 90 Gew.-% mindestens eines alkoxylierten ungesättigten Ethers der allgemeinen Formel I, bevorzugt 40 bis 75 Gew.-%,
  4. (D) 0 bis 20 Gew.-% mindestens eines weiteren Monomers, bevorzugt bis 10 Gew.-%,
wobei die Monomere wie oben stehend definiert sind.In one embodiment of the present invention, the monomers (A) to (D) are copolymerized as follows:
  1. (A) 2 to 50 wt .-% of at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms or at least one of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms derived anhydride, preferably 5 to 30 wt. -%
  2. (B) 5 to 80% by weight of at least one vinylaromatic compound, preferably 8 to 50% by weight,
  3. (C) 10 to 90% by weight of at least one alkoxylated unsaturated ether of the general formula I, preferably 40 to 75% by weight,
  4. (D) 0 to 20% by weight of at least one further monomer, preferably up to 10% by weight,
wherein the monomers are as defined above.

Die Herstellung der im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Polymerisate kann wie folgt durchgeführt werden. Es ist möglich, die Monomere (A), (B), (C) und gegebenenfalls (D) durch Lösungspolymerisation, Fällungspolymerisation oder vorzugsweise lösemittelfrei durch Massepolymerisation miteinander zu copolymerisieren. Dabei können (A), (B), (C) und gegebenenfalls (D) in Form von statistischen Copolymeren oder als Blockcopolymere copolymerisieren.The preparation of the polymers used in the process according to the invention can be carried out as follows. It is possible to copolymerize the monomers (A), (B), (C) and optionally (D) by solution polymerization, precipitation polymerization or, preferably, solvent-free by bulk polymerization. In this case, (A), (B), (C) and optionally (D) may copolymerize in the form of random copolymers or as block copolymers.

Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen für eine Copolymerisation von (A), (B), (C) und gegebenenfalls (D) sind im Allgemeinen unkritisch. Die Temperaturen liegen beispielsweise im Bereich von 60 bis 200°C, bevorzugt 90 bis 160°C, der Druck liegt beispielsweise im Bereich von 1 bis 10 bar, bevorzugt 1 bis 3 bar.Pressure and temperature conditions for copolymerization of (A), (B), (C) and optionally (D) are generally not critical. The temperatures are for example in the range of 60 to 200 ° C, preferably 90 to 160 ° C, the pressure is for example in the range of 1 to 10 bar, preferably 1 to 3 bar.

Als Reaktionszeiten kommen beispielsweise 0,5 Stunden bis 12 Stunden in Frage, obwohl auch kürzere und längere Reaktionszeiten denkbar sind.
Als Lösemittel kommen vorzugsweise solche Lösemittel in Frage, die als inert gegenüber Anhydriden gelten, die von Dicarbonsäuren mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen abgeleitet sind, insbesondere Aceton, Tetrahydrofuran oder 1,4-Dioxan. Als Fällungsmittel eignen sich aromatische und aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, beispielsweise Toluol, ortho-Xylol, meta-Xylol, para-Xylol, Ethylbenzol oder Gemische von einem oder mehreren der vorstehend genannten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, n-Hexan, Petrolether oder Isododekan. Auch Mischungen von aromatischen und aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen sind geeignet.
As reaction times are, for example, 0.5 hours to 12 hours in question, although shorter and longer reaction times are conceivable.
Suitable solvents are preferably those solvents which are considered inert to anhydrides derived from dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular acetone, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane. Suitable precipitants are aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, ethylbenzene or mixtures of one or more of the abovementioned aromatic hydrocarbons, n-hexane, petroleum ether or isododecane. Also mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are suitable.

Vorzugsweise polymerisiert man in Form einer Massepolymerisation ohne den Zusatz organischer Lösungsmittel.It is preferred to polymerize in the form of a bulk polymerization without the addition of organic solvents.

Wählt man R6 = Wasserstoff, so kann es vorteilhaft sein, gewisse Mengen, beispielsweise 1 bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Masse aller Monomere, an Wasser zuzusetzen und so die Bildung vernetzter Copolymerisate zu verhindern.If R 6 = hydrogen, it may be advantageous to add certain amounts, for example from 1 to 30% by weight, based on the mass of all monomers, of water and thus to prevent the formation of crosslinked copolymers.

Man kann Regler einsetzen, beispielsweise Mercaptoethanol oder n-Dodecylmercaptan. Geeignete Mengen sind beispielsweise 0,1 bis 6 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Masse aller Monomeren.It is possible to use regulators, for example mercaptoethanol or n-dodecylmercaptan. Suitable amounts are, for example, 0.1 to 6 wt .-%, based on the mass of all monomers.

Die Copolymerisation startet man vorteilhaft durch Initiatoren, beispielsweise Peroxide oder Hydroperoxide. Als Peroxide bzw. Hydroperoxide seien Di-tert.-butylperoxid, tert.-Butylperoctoat, tert.-Butylperpivalat, tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat, tert.-Butylpermaleinat, tert.-Butylperisobutyrat, Benzoylperoxid, Diacetylperoxid, Succinylperoxid, p-Chlorbenzoylperoxid, Dicyclohexylperoxiddicarbonat, beispielhaft genannt. Auch der Einsatz von Redoxinitiatoren ist geeignet, außerdem Azoverbindungen wie 2,2'-Azobis(isobutyronitril), 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropion-amidin)dihydrochlorid und 2,2'-Azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitril). Im allgemeinen werden diese Initiatoren in Mengen von 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 15 Gew.-%, berechnet auf die Masse aller Monomeren, eingesetzt.The copolymerization is advantageously started by initiators, for example peroxides or hydroperoxides. Suitable peroxides or hydroperoxides are di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl permalate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, benzoyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide, p-butyl peroxide. Chlorobenzoyl peroxide, Dicyclohexylperoxiddicarbonat, exemplified. The use of redox initiators is also suitable, as well as azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4 dimethylvaleronitrile). In general, these initiators are used in amounts of 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 15 wt .-%, calculated on the mass of all monomers.

Durch die oben beschriebene Copolymerisation erhält man Polymerisate. Die anfallenden Polymerisate können Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I enthalten, und man kann sie einer Reinigung nach konventionellen Methoden unterziehen, beispielsweise Umfällen oder extraktive Entfernung nicht-umgesetzter Monomere. Man kann aber die Reinigung unterlassen und die oben beschriebenen Copolymerisate im Gemisch mit Verbindung I zur Herstellung von Leder einsetzen. Wenn ein Lösemittel oder Fällungsmittel eingesetzt wurde, so ist es möglich, dieses nach beendeter Copolymerisation zu entfernen, beispielsweise durch Abdestillieren.The copolymerization described above gives polymers. The resulting polymers may contain compounds of general formula I and may be subjected to purification by conventional methods, for example reprecipitation or extractive removal of unreacted monomers. But you can omit the cleaning and use the copolymers described above in admixture with compound I for the production of leather. If a solvent or precipitant was used, it is possible to remove this after completion of the copolymerization, for example by distillation.

Die Polydispersität der oben beschriebenen Polymerisate liegt im Allgemeinen zwischen 2 und 10, bevorzugt bis 7, kann aber höhere Werte annehmen.The polydispersity of the polymers described above is generally between 2 and 10, preferably up to 7, but may assume higher values.

Die K-Werte der oben beschriebenen Polymerisate betragen 6 bis 100, vorzugsweise 10 bis 60 (gemessen nach H. Fikentscher bei 25 °C in beispielsweise Wasser oder Tetrahydrofuran und einer Polymerkonzentration von 1 Gew.-%).The K values of the polymers described above are from 6 to 100, preferably from 10 to 60 (measured according to H. Fikentscher at 25 ° C. in, for example, water or tetrahydrofuran and a polymer concentration of 1% by weight).

Die Herstellung von Monomeren der allgemeinen Formel I ist an sich bekannt.

Figure imgb0011
The preparation of monomers of general formula I is known per se.
Figure imgb0011

Wünscht man Derivate mit R6 gleich -CO-H (Formyl) oder -CO-C1-C20-Alkyl oder-CO-C6-C14-Aryl darzustellen, so geht man vorteilhaft von dem entsprechenden Derivat mit R6 gleich Wasserstoff aus und setzt es beispielsweise mit gemischten Anhydriden oder symmetrischen Anhydriden um. Besonders bevorzugte Anhydride sind Acetanhydrid, Benzoesäureanhydrid oder H-CO-O-COCH3.If it is desired derivatives where R 6 is -CO-H (formyl), or -CO-C 1 -C 20 -alkyl or-CO-C 6 -C 14 aryl display, so it is advantageous to from the corresponding derivative in which R 6 is Hydrogen from, for example, it reacts with mixed anhydrides or symmetrical anhydrides. Particularly preferred anhydrides are acetic anhydride, benzoic anhydride or H-CO-O-COCH 3 .

Zur Durchführung der erfindungsgemäßen Herstellung von Leder geht man üblicherweise von Blößen, Pickelblößen oder Halbzeugen aus.To carry out the production of leather according to the invention is usually based on pelts, Pickelblößen or semi-finished products.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leder kann man als Verfahren zum Vorgerben oder Gerben ausüben, im Folgenden dann auch erfindungsgemäßes Gerbverfahren genannt. Das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren geht aus von nach konventionellen Methoden vorbehandelten Häuten von Tieren wie beispielsweise Rindern, Schweinen, Ziegen oder Hirschen, den sogenannten Blößen. Dabei ist es für das erfindungsgemäßen Gerbverfahren nicht wesentlich, ob die Tiere beispielsweise durch Schlachten getötet wurden oder aber an natürlichen Ursachen verendet sind. Zu den konventionellen Methoden der Vorbehandlung gehören das beispielsweise das Äschern, Entkälken, Beizen und Pickeln sowie mechanische Arbeitsschritte, beispielsweise die Entfleischung der Häute.The process according to the invention for the production of leather can be carried out as a process for pretanning or tanning, in the following also called tanning process according to the invention. The tanning process according to the invention is based on hides pretreated by conventional methods from animals such as, for example, cattle, pigs, goats or deer, the so-called pelts. It is not essential for the tanning process according to the invention, whether the animals were killed, for example, by slaughtering or have died of natural causes. Conventional methods of pre-treatment include, for example, liming, deliming, pickling and pimpling, as well as mechanical operations such as skinning the hides.

Die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate kann man dementsprechend erfindungsgemäß in der Vorgerbung oder Gerbung einsetzen. Die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate kann man erfindungsgemäß in der Nachgerbung einsetzen.The polymers described above can accordingly be used according to the invention in the pretanning or tanning. The polymers described above can be used according to the invention in the retanning.

Das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren übt man im Allgemeinen so aus, dass man ein oder mehrere oben beschriebene Polymerisate in einer Portion oder in mehreren Portionen unmittelbar vor oder aber während des Gerbungsschrittes zusetzt. Das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren wird vorzugsweise bei einem pH-Wert von 2,5 bis 4 durchgeführt, wobei man häufig beobachtet, dass der pH-Wert während der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Gerbverfahrens um etwa 0,3 bis drei Einheiten ansteigt. Man kann den pH-Wert auch durch Zugabe abstumpfender Mittel um etwa 0,3 bis drei Einheiten erhöhen.The tanning process according to the invention is generally carried out by adding one or more polymers described above in one portion or in several portions immediately before or else during the tanning step. The tanning process according to the invention is preferably carried out at a pH of 2.5 to 4, it being frequently observed that the pH increases by about 0.3 to three units during the performance of the tanning process according to the invention. It is also possible to increase the pH by about 0.3 to three units by adding blunting agents.

Das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren führt man im Allgemeinen bei Temperaturen von 10 bis 45°, bevorzugt bei 20 bis 30°C durch. Bewährt hat sich eine Dauer von 10 Minuten bis 12 Stunden, bevorzugt sind eine bis drei Stunden. Das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren kann man in beliebigen gerbereiüblichen Gefäßen durchführen, beispielsweise durch Walken in Fässern oder in gedrehten Trommeln.The tanning process according to the invention is generally carried out at temperatures of 10 to 45 °, preferably at 20 to 30 ° C. Has proven useful a duration of 10 minutes to 12 hours, preferably one to three hours. The tanning process according to the invention can be carried out in any conventional tanning vessel, for example by walking in barrels or in rotated drums.

In einer Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Gerbverfahrens setzt man die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate zusammen mit einem oder mehreren herkömmlichen Gerbstoffen ein, beispielsweise mit Chromgerbstoffen, Mineralischen Gerbstoffen, Syntanen, Polymergerbstoffen oder vegetabilen Gerbstoffen, wie sie beispielsweise beschrieben sind in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Band A15, Seite 259 bis 282 und insbesondere Seite 268 ff., 5. Auflage, (1990), Verlag Chemie Weinheim. Das Gewichtsverhältnis oben beschriebenes Polymerisate bzw. hydrolysiertes Polymerisat: herkömmlicher Gerbstoff bzw. Summe der herkömmlichen Gerbstoffe beträgt zweckmäßig von 0,01 : 1 bis.100 : 1. In einer vorteilhaften Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens setzt man nur wenige ppm der herkömmlichen Gerbmittel den oben beschriebenen Polymerisaten bzw. hydrolysierten Polymerisaten zu. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es jedoch, auf die Beimischung herkömmlicher Gerbstoffe ganz zu verzichten.In a variant of the tanning process according to the invention, the polymers described above are used together with one or more conventional tanning agents, for example with chrome tanning agents, mineral tanning agents, syntans, polymer tanning agents or vegetable tanning agents, as described, for example, in US Pat Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A15, pages 259 to 282 and in particular page 268 ff., 5th edition, (1990), Verlag Chemie Weinheim. The weight ratio of the above-described polymers or hydrolyzed polymer: conventional tanning agent or sum of the conventional tanning agents is advantageously from 0.01: 1 to 100: 1. In an advantageous variant of the process according to the invention, only a few ppm of the conventional tanning agents are used as described above To polymers or hydrolyzed polymers. However, it is particularly advantageous to dispense entirely with the admixture of conventional tanning agents.

In einer Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Gerbverfahrens setzt man oben beschriebene Polymerisate in einer Portion oder in mehreren Portionen vor oder während des Vorgerbens zu, in einer besonderen Variante bereits im Pickel.In a variant of the tanning process according to the invention, the above-described polymers are added in one portion or in several portions before or during pre-tanning, in a particular variant already in pimples.

Man kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leder vorzugsweise als Verfahren zum Nachgerben von Leder unter der Verwendung der oben beschriebenen Polymerisate durchführen, im Folgenden auch erfindungsgemäßes Nachgerbverfahren genannt. Das erfindungsgemäße Nachgerbverfahren geht aus von konventionell gegerbten Halbzeugen, d.h. beispielsweise mit Chromgerbstoffen, mineralischen Gerbstoffen, Polymergerbstoffen, Aldehyden, Syntanen oder Harzgerbstoffen gegerbten Halbzeugen, oder erfindungsgemäß wie oben beschrieben hergestellten Halbzeugen. Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Nachgerbungsverfahrens lässt man die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate auf Halbzeuge einwirken.It is possible to carry out the process according to the invention for producing leather, preferably as a process for retanning leather using the polymers described above, and also retanning process according to the invention in the following called. The retanning process according to the invention is based on conventionally tanned semifinished products, ie semifinished products tanned, for example, with chromium tanning agents, mineral tannins, polymer tanning agents, aldehydes, syntans or resin tanning agents, or semifinished products produced according to the invention. To carry out the retanning process according to the invention, the above-described polymers are allowed to act on semi-finished products.

Das erfindungsgemäße Nachgerbverfahren kann man unter ansonsten üblichen Bedingungen durchführen. Man wählt zweckmäßig einen oder mehrere, d.h. beispielsweise 2 bis 6 Einwirkschritte und kann zwischen den Einwirkschritten mit Wasser spülen. Die Temperatur bei den einzelnen Einwirkschritten liegt jeweils im Bereich von 5 bis 60°C, bevorzugt 20 bis 45°C. Man setzt zweckmäßig weitere, während der Nachgerbung üblicherweise verwendete Mittel ein, beispielsweise Fettlicker, Polymergerbstoffe und Fettungsmittel auf Acrylat- und/oder Methacrylatbasis, Nachgerbstoffe auf Basis von Harz- und Vegetabilgerbstoffen, Füllstoffe, Lederfarbstoffe oder Emulgatoren.The retanning process according to the invention can be carried out under otherwise customary conditions. It is convenient to choose one or more, i. For example, 2 to 6 action steps and can rinse between the interaction steps with water. The temperature in the individual reaction steps is in each case in the range from 5 to 60.degree. C., preferably from 20 to 45.degree. It is expedient to use further agents customarily used during the retanning, for example fatliquors, polymer tanning agents and acrylate- and / or methacrylate-based fatliquoring agents, retanning agents based on resin and vegetable tanning agents, fillers, leather dyes or emulsifiers.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind wässrige Dispersionen und Lösungen, enthaltend die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate. Unter Dispersionen im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind beispielsweise Emulsionen oder Suspensionen der oben beschriebenen Polymerisate zu verstehen. Die erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen und die erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Lösungen enthalten üblicherweise von 20 bis 50 Gew.-% der erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisate. Ihr pH-Wert liegt üblicherweise im Bereich von 3 bis 10 und vorzugsweise in dem Bereich von 4 bis 8.Another aspect of the present invention are aqueous dispersions and solutions containing the polymers described above. For the purposes of the present invention, dispersions are to be understood as meaning, for example, emulsions or suspensions of the above-described polymers. The aqueous dispersions according to the invention and the aqueous solutions according to the invention usually contain from 20 to 50% by weight of the polymers according to the invention. Their pH is usually in the range of 3 to 10, and preferably in the range of 4 to 8.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Leder, hergestellt durch das erfindungsgemäße Gerbverfahren oder das erfindungsgemäße Nachgerbverfahren oder durch eine Kombination aus erfindungsgemäßem Gerbverfahren und erfindungsgemäßen Nachgerbverfahren. Die erfindungsgemäßen Leder zeichnen sich durch eine insgesamt vorteilhafte Qualität aus, beispielsweise sind sie besonders weich. Die erfindungsgemäßen Leder enthalten die oben beschriebenen Polymerisate bzw. die oben beschriebenen hydrolysierten Polymerisate besonders gleichmäßig über den Querschnitt verteilt.A further aspect of the present invention is leather produced by the tanning process according to the invention or the retanning process according to the invention or by a combination of inventive tanning process and retanning process according to the invention. The leathers of the invention are characterized by an overall advantageous quality, for example, they are particularly soft. The leathers according to the invention comprise the above-described polymers or the hydrolyzed polymers described above, distributed particularly uniformly over the cross-section.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Leder zur Herstellung von Bekleidungsstücken, Möbeln oder Autoteilen. Unter Bekleidungsstücke sind im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung beispielsweise Jacken, Hosen, Schuhe, Gürtel oder Hosenträger zu nennen. Unter Möbeln sind im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung alle solchen Möbel zu nennen, die Bestandteile aus Leder enthalten. Beispielhaft seien Sitzmöbel genannt wie etwa Sessel, Stühle, Sofas. Unter Autoteilen seien beispielhaft Autositze genannt.Another aspect of the present invention is the use of the leather according to the invention for the production of clothing, furniture or car parts. For the purposes of the present invention, garments are, for example, jackets, trousers, shoes, belts or suspenders. In the context of the present invention, furniture is to be understood as meaning all furniture which contains leather components. Examples include seating, such as armchairs, chairs, sofas. Car parts are exemplified by car seats.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Bekleidungsstücke, enthaltend die oder hergestellt aus erfindungsgemäßen Ledern. Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Möbel, enthaltend die oder hergestellt aus erfindungsgemäßen Ledern. Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Autoteile, enthaltend die oder hergestellt aus erfindungsgemäßen Ledern.Another aspect of the present invention are garments comprising or made of leathers of the invention. Another aspect of the present invention is furniture comprising or made of leathers according to the invention. Another aspect of the present invention are car parts containing or made from leathers of the invention.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Polymerisate, erhältlich durch Copolymerisation von

  • (A) mindestens einer ethylenisch ungesättigten Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen oder mindestens eines von einer Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen abgeleiteten Anhydrids,
  • (B) mindestens einer vinylaromatischen Verbindung,
  • (C') mindestens eines alkoxylierten ungesättigten Ethers der allgemeinen Formel I a
    Figure imgb0012
  • (D) optional weiteren monoethylenisch ungesättigten Monomeren,
wobei in Formel I die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind.
R1, R2, R3
gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus C1-C4-Alkyl oder Wasserstoff;
R4, R5
jeweils gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus C1-C4-Alkyl oder Wasserstoff;
R13
gewählt aus Wasserstoff, SO3M, PO3M2, -CO-H (Formyl), -CO-C1-C20-Alkyl, -CO-C6-C14-Aryl
M
Alkalimetall oder NH4 oder CH3
n
eine ganze Zahl von 3 bis 100,
y
eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 10.
Another aspect of the present invention are polymers obtainable by copolymerization of
  • (A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 C atoms or at least one anhydride derived from a mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 C atoms,
  • (B) at least one vinyl aromatic compound,
  • (C ') at least one alkoxylated unsaturated ether of the general formula I a
    Figure imgb0012
  • (D) optionally further monoethylenically unsaturated monomers,
where in formula I the variables are defined as follows.
R 1 , R 2 , R 3
identical or different and selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or hydrogen;
R 4 , R 5
each the same or different and selected from C 1 -C 4 alkyl or hydrogen;
R 13
selected from hydrogen, SO 3 M, PO 3 M 2 , -CO-H (formyl), -CO-C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, -CO-C 6 -C 14 -aryl
M
Alkali metal or NH 4 or CH 3
n
an integer from 3 to 100,
y
an integer from 0 to 10.

In einer Ausführungsform enthalten erfindungsgemäße Polymerisate Monomere in folgenden Anteilen im Polymerisat einpolymerisiert:

  • (A) 2 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 30 Gew.-% mindestens einer ethylenisch ungesättigten Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen oder mindestens eines von einer Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen abgeleiteten Anhydrids,
  • (B) 5 bis 80 Gew.%, becvorzugt 8 bis 50 Gew.-% mindestens einer vinylaromatischen Verbindung,
  • (C') 10 bis 90 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 40 bis 75 Gew.-% mindestens eines alkoxylierten ungesättigten Ethers der allgemeinen Formel I a,
  • (D) 0 bis 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugt bis 10 Gew.-% mindestens eines weiteren Monomers,
wobei die Monomere wie oben stehend definiert sind.In one embodiment, polymers of the invention contain monomers copolymerized in the following proportions in the polymer:
  • (A) 2 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 30 wt .-% of at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms or at least one of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms derived anhydride,
  • (B) 5 to 80% by weight, preferably 8 to 50% by weight of at least one vinylaromatic compound,
  • (C ') 10 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 75 wt .-% of at least one alkoxylated unsaturated ether of the general formula I a,
  • (D) 0 to 20% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight, of at least one further monomer,
wherein the monomers are as defined above.

Das oder die Monomere (D), das bzw. die optional in die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Polymerisate einpolymerisiert werden können, sind von (A) verschieden. Als bevorzugte Monomere (D) sind zu nennen:

  • Ethylenisch ungesättigte C3-C8-Carbonsäurederivate der allgemeinen Formel II
    Figure imgb0013
  • Acrylamide der Formel III,
    Figure imgb0014
  • nicht-cyclische Amide der allgemeinen Formel IV a und cyclische Amide der allgemeinen Formel IV b
    Figure imgb0015
  • C1-C20-Alkyl-vinylether wie Methyl-vinylether, Ethyl-vinylether, n-Propyl-vinylether, iso-Propyl-vinylether, n-Butyl-vinylether, iso-Butyl-vinylether, 2-Ethylhexyl-vinylether oder n-Octadecyl-vinylether;
  • N-Vinyl-Derivate von stickstoffhaltigen aromatischen Verbindungen, bevorzugt N-Vinylimidazol, 2-Methyl-1-vinylimidazol, N-Vinyloxazolidon, N-Vinyltriazol, 2-Vinylpyridin, 4-Vinylpyridin, 4-Vinylpyridin-N-oxid, N-Vinylimidazolin, N-Vinyl-2-methylimidazolin,
  • alkoxylierte ungesättigte Ester oder Amide der allgemeinen Formel V,
    Figure imgb0016
  • Ester und Amide der allgemeinen Formel VI,
    Figure imgb0017
  • ungesättigte Ester der allgemeinen Formel VII
    Figure imgb0018
  • Sulfonat-, Phosphat- oder Phosphonat-Gruppen-haltige Monomere,
wobei die Variablen wie oben stehend definiert sind.The monomer or monomers (D) which can optionally be copolymerized in the polymers used in the process according to the invention are different from (A). Preferred monomers (D) are:
  • Ethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 carboxylic acid derivatives of the general formula II
    Figure imgb0013
  • Acrylamides of formula III,
    Figure imgb0014
  • non-cyclic amides of the general formula IV a and cyclic amides of the general formula IV b
    Figure imgb0015
  • C 1 -C 20 -alkyl-vinyl ethers such as methyl-vinyl ether, ethyl-vinyl ether, n-propyl-vinyl ether, iso-propyl-vinyl ether, n-butyl-vinyl ether, isobutyl-vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl-vinyl ether or n- octadecyl vinyl ether;
  • N-vinyl derivatives of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, preferably N-vinylimidazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, N-vinyloxazolidone, N-vinyltriazole, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine-N-oxide, N-vinylimidazoline , N-vinyl-2-methylimidazoline,
  • alkoxylated unsaturated esters or amides of the general formula V,
    Figure imgb0016
  • Esters and amides of the general formula VI,
    Figure imgb0017
  • unsaturated esters of general formula VII
    Figure imgb0018
  • Sulfonate, phosphate or phosphonate group-containing monomers,
the variables being as defined above.

Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisate kann wie folgt durchgeführt werden. Es ist möglich, die Monomere (A), (B), (C') und gegebenenfalls (D) durch Lösungs-polymerisation, Fällungspolymerisation oder vorzugsweise lösemittelfrei durch Massepoly-ämerisation miteinander zu copolymerisieren. Dabei können (A), (B), (C') und gegebenenfalls (D) in Form von statistischen Copolymeren oder als Blockcopolymere copolymerisieren.The preparation of the polymers according to the invention can be carried out as follows. It is possible to copolymerize the monomers (A), (B), (C ') and optionally (D) by solution polymerization, precipitation polymerization or, preferably, solvent-free by Massepoly-ization with each other. In this case, (A), (B), (C ') and optionally (D) may copolymerize in the form of random copolymers or as block copolymers.

Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen für eine Copolymerisation von (A), (B) (C') und gegebenenfalls (D) sind im Allgemeinen unkritisch. Die Temperaturen liegen beispielsweise im Bereich von 60 bis 200°C, bevorzugt 90 bis 160°C, der Druck liegt beispielsweise im Bereich von 1 bis 10 bar, bevorzugt 1 bis 3 bar.Pressure and temperature conditions for copolymerization of (A), (B) (C ') and optionally (D) are generally not critical. The temperatures are for example in the range of 60 to 200 ° C, preferably 90 to 160 ° C, the pressure is for example in the range of 1 to 10 bar, preferably 1 to 3 bar.

Als Reaktionszeiten kommen beispielsweise 0,5 Stunden bis 12 Stunden in Frage, obwohl auch kürzere und längere Reaktionszeiten denkbar sind.As reaction times are, for example, 0.5 hours to 12 hours in question, although shorter and longer reaction times are conceivable.

Als Lösemittel kommen vorzugsweise solche Lösemittel in Frage, die als inert gegenüber Anhydriden gelten, die von Dicarbonsäuren mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen abgeleitet sind, insbesondere Aceton, Tetrahydrofuran oder 1,4-Dioxan. Als Fällungsmittel eignen sich aromatische und aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, beispielsweise Toluol, ortho-Xylol, meta-Xylol, para-Xylol, Ethylbenzol oder Gemische von einem oder mehreren der vorstehend genannten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, n-Hexan, Petrolether oder Isododekan. Auch Mischungen von aromatischen und aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen sind geeignet.Suitable solvents are preferably those solvents which are considered inert to anhydrides derived from dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular acetone, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane. Suitable precipitants are aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, ethylbenzene or mixtures of one or more of the abovementioned aromatic hydrocarbons, n-hexane, petroleum ether or isododecane. Also mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are suitable.

Vorzugsweise polymerisiert man in Form einer Massepolymerisation ohne den Zusatz organischer Lösungsmittel.It is preferred to polymerize in the form of a bulk polymerization without the addition of organic solvents.

Wählt man R13 = Wasserstoff, so kann es vorteilhaft sein, gewisse Mengen, beispielsweise 1 bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Masse aller Monomeren, an Wasser zuzusetzen und so die Bildung vernetzter Copolymerisate zu verhindern.If R 13 = hydrogen, it may be advantageous to add certain amounts, for example from 1 to 30% by weight, based on the mass of all monomers, of water and thus to prevent the formation of crosslinked copolymers.

Man kann Regler einsetzen, beispielsweise Mercaptoethanol oder n-Dodecylmercaptan. Geeignete Mengen sind beispielsweise 0,1 bis 6 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Masse aller Monomeren.It is possible to use regulators, for example mercaptoethanol or n-dodecylmercaptan. Suitable amounts are, for example, 0.1 to 6 wt .-%, based on the mass of all monomers.

Die Copolymerisation startet man vorteilhaft durch Initiatoren, beispielsweise Peroxide oder Hydroperoxide. Als Peroxide bzw. Hydroperoxide seien Di-tert.-butylperoxid, tert.-Butylperoctoat, tert.-Butylperpivalat, tert.-Butylper-2-ethylhexanoat, tert.-Butylpermaleinat, tert.-Butylperisobutyrat, Benzoylperoxid, Diacetylperoxid, Succinylperoxid, p-Chlorbenzoylperoxid, Dicyclohexylperoxiddicarbonat, beispielhaft genannt. Auch der Einsatz von Redoxinitiatoren ist geeignet, außerdem Azoverbindungen wie 2,2'-Azobis(isobutyronitril), 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropion-amidin)dihydrochlorid und 2,2'-Azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitril). Im allgemeinen werden diese Initiatoren in Mengen von 0,1 bis 20 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 15 Gew.%, berechnet auf die Masse aller Monomeren, eingesetzt.The copolymerization is advantageously started by initiators, for example peroxides or hydroperoxides. Suitable peroxides or hydroperoxides are di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl permaleinate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, benzoyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide, p-butyl peroxide. Chlorobenzoyl peroxide, Dicyclohexylperoxiddicarbonat, exemplified. The use of redox initiators is also suitable, as well as azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4 dimethylvaleronitrile). In general, these initiators are used in amounts of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight, calculated on the mass of all monomers.

Durch die oben beschriebene Copolymerisation erhält man erfindungsgemäße Polymerisate. Die erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisate können Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I a enthalten, und man kann die erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisate einer Reinigung nach konventionellen Methoden unterziehen, beispielsweise Umfällen oder extraktive Entfernung nicht-umgesetzter Monomere. Man kann aber die Reinigung unterlassen und die oben beschriebenen Copolymerisate im Gemisch mit Verbindung I a zur Herstellung von Leder einsetzen. Wenn ein Lösemittel oder Fällungsmittel eingesetzt wurde, so ist es möglich, dieses nach beendeter Copolymerisation zu entfernen, beispielsweise durch Abdestillieren.The copolymerization described above gives inventive polymers. The polymers according to the invention may contain compounds of the general formula Ia, and the polymers according to the invention may be subjected to purification by conventional methods, for example reprecipitation or extractive removal of unreacted monomers. But you can omit the cleaning and use the copolymers described above in a mixture with compound I a for the production of leather. If a solvent or precipitant has been used, it is possible to remove it after completion of the copolymerization, for example by distillation.

Die Polydispersität der erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisate liegt im Allgemeinen zwischen 2 und 10, bevorzugt bis 7, kann aber höhere Werte annehmen.The polydispersity of the polymers according to the invention is generally between 2 and 10, preferably up to 7, but may assume higher values.

Die K-Werte der erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisate betragen 6 bis 100, vorzugsweise 10 bis 60 (gemessen nach H. Fikentscher bei 25°C in beispielsweise Wasser oder Tetrahydrofuran und einer Polymerkonzentration von 1 Gew.-%).The K values of the polymers according to the invention are from 6 to 100, preferably from 10 to 60 (measured according to H. Fikentscher at 25 ° C. in, for example, water or tetrahydrofuran and a polymer concentration of 1% by weight).

Die Herstellung von Monomeren der allgemeinen Formel I a ist an sich bekannt.

Figure imgb0019
The preparation of monomers of the general formula I a is known per se.
Figure imgb0019

Wünscht man Derivate mit R13 gleich CO-H (Formyl) oder CO-C1-C20-Alkyl darzustellen, so geht man vorteilhaft von dem entsprechenden Derivat mit R13 gleich Wasserstoff aus und setzt es beispielsweise mit gemischten Anhydriden oder symmetrischen Anhydriden um; bevorzugte Anhydride sind beispielsweise Acetanhydrid, Benzoesäureanhydrid oder H-CO-O-COCH3 um.If it is desired to prepare derivatives with R 13 as CO-H (formyl) or CO-C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, then it is advantageous to start from the corresponding derivative with R 13 as hydrogen and react it, for example, with mixed anhydrides or symmetrical anhydrides ; preferred anhydrides are, for example, acetic anhydride, benzoic anhydride or H-CO-O-COCH 3 um.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Polymerisate bzw. die erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen lassen sich besonders gut zur Lederherstellung unter den oben beschriebenen Bedingungen einsetzen.The polymers according to the invention or the aqueous dispersions according to the invention can be used particularly well for leather production under the conditions described above.

Die Erfindung wird durch Arbeitsbeispiele erläutert.The invention will be explained by working examples.

1. Synthesevorschrift für die Polymerisation1. Synthesis instructions for the polymerization

Die K-Werte der Polymerisate wurden bestimmt nach H. Fikentscher, CelluloseChemie, Band 13, 58-64 und 761-774 (1932 ) in wässriger Lösung bei 25 °C und einer Polymerisatkonzentration von 1 Gew.-%.The K values of the polymers were determined by H. Fikentscher, Cellulosic Chemistry, Vol. 13, 58-64 and 761-774 (1932 ) in aqueous solution at 25 ° C and a polymer concentration of 1 wt .-%.

Alle Reaktionen wurden - wenn nicht anders angegeben - unter einer Atmosphäre von Stickstoff durchgeführt.All reactions were carried out under an atmosphere of nitrogen unless otherwise specified.

1.1. Polymerisat P 11.1. Polymer P 1

249 g (0,52 mol) Allyletherethoxylat der Formel I.1

Figure imgb0020
mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht Mw von 482 g/mol wurde unter Rühren auf 100°C erhitzt. Bei 100°C wurden innerhalb von fünf Stunden gleichzeitig eine Lösung von 6,7 g tert. Butylperoctoat in 10 g Dipropylenglykol, 36 g (0,50 mol) Acrylsäure und 52 g (0,5 mol) Styrol zugetropft. Das so erhaltene Reaktionsgemisch wurde anschließend 90 Minuten bei 100°C gerührt, wobei ein klares Öl entstand. Das Öl wurde in 337 ml Wasser aufgenommen und mit 63 g einer 25 Gew.-% Natronlauge auf pH 6-7 eingestellt.249 g (0.52 mol) of allyl ether ethoxylate of the formula I.1
Figure imgb0020
with an average molecular weight M w of 482 g / mol was heated with stirring to 100 ° C. At 100 ° C, a solution of 6.7 g tert tert within five hours simultaneously . Butyl peroctoate in 10 g of dipropylene glycol, 36 g (0.50 mol) of acrylic acid and 52 g (0.5 mol) of styrene was added dropwise. The reaction mixture thus obtained was then stirred for 90 minutes at 100 ° C, whereby a clear oil formed. The oil was taken up in 337 ml of water and adjusted to pH 6-7 with 63 g of a 25 wt .-% sodium hydroxide solution.

Man erhielt eine 50 Gew.%ige dünnviskose Lösung des Polymerisats P 1 mit einem K-Wert von 15.This gave a 50 wt.% Thin-viscosity solution of the polymer P 1 with a K value of 15.

1.2. Polymerisat P 21.2. Polymer P 2

373,5 g (0,77 mol) Allyletherethoxylat der Formel I.1

Figure imgb0021
mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht Mw von 482 g/mol und 78 g (0,77 mol) Essigsäureanhydrid wurden unter Rühren auf 150°C erhitzt und eine Stunde bei 150°C gehalten. Anschließend wurden bei 150°C innerhalb von fünf Stunden gleichzeitig eine Lösung von 12,75 g Di-tert. Butylperoxid in 55 g Dipropylenglykol, 108 g (1,50 mol) Acrylsäure und 156 g (1,5 mol) Styrol tropfenweise zugegeben. Das so erhaltene Reaktionsgemisch wurde anschließend 90 Minuten bei 150°C gerührt, wobei ein klares Öl entstand. Das Öl wurde in 675 ml Wasser aufgenommen und mit 142 g einer 25 Gew.-% Natronlauge auf pH 6-7 eingestellt.373.5 g (0.77 mol) of allyl ether ethoxylate of the formula I.1
Figure imgb0021
with an average molecular weight M w of 482 g / mol and 78 g (0.77 mol) of acetic anhydride were heated with stirring to 150 ° C and held at 150 ° C for one hour. Subsequently, at 150 ° C within five hours simultaneously a solution of 12.75 g of di-tert. Butyl peroxide in 55 g of dipropylene glycol, 108 g (1.50 mol) of acrylic acid and 156 g (1.5 mol) of styrene was added dropwise. The reaction mixture thus obtained was then stirred for 90 minutes at 150 ° C, whereby a clear oil was formed. The oil was taken up in 675 ml of water and adjusted to pH 6-7 with 142 g of a 25% by weight sodium hydroxide solution.

Man erhielt eine 50 Gew.-%ige dünnviskose Lösung von erfindungsgemäßem Polymerisat P 2 mit einem K-Wert von 28.This gave a 50 wt .-% thin-viscous solution of polymer P 2 according to the invention with a K value of 28.

1.3. Polymerisat P 31.3. Polymer P 3

273,5 g (0,77 mol) Allyletherethoxylat der Formel I.1

Figure imgb0022
mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht Mw von 498 g wurde unter Rühren auf 150°C erhitzt. Bei 150°C wurden innerhalb von fünf Stunden gleichzeitig tropfenweise zugegeben:

  • eine Lösung von 13,2 g Di-tert. Butylperoxid in 50 g Dipropylenglykol,
  • 54 g (0,75 mol) Acrylsäure und 234 g (2,25 mol) Styrol.
273.5 g (0.77 mol) of allyl ether ethoxylate of the formula I.1
Figure imgb0022
with an average molecular weight M w of 498 g was heated to 150 ° C with stirring. At 150 ° C were added dropwise simultaneously within five hours:
  • a solution of 13.2 g of di-tert. Butyl peroxide in 50 g dipropylene glycol,
  • 54 g (0.75 mol) of acrylic acid and 234 g (2.25 mol) of styrene.

Das so erhaltene Reaktionsgemisch wurde anschließend 90 Minuten bei 150°C gerührt, wobei ein klares Öl entstand. Das Öl wurde in 670 ml Wasser aufgenommen und mit einer 25 Gew.-% Natronlauge auf pH 6-7 eingestellt.The reaction mixture thus obtained was then stirred for 90 minutes at 150 ° C, whereby a clear oil was formed. The oil was taken up in 670 ml of water and adjusted to pH 6-7 with a 25% by weight sodium hydroxide solution.

Man erhielt eine 50 Gew.-%ige dünnviskose Lösung von Polymerisat P 3 mit einem K-Wert von 18.This gave a 50 wt .-% thin-viscous solution of polymer P 3 with a K value of 18.

2. Anwendungstechnische Beispiele2. Application examples

Bei Reagenzien beziehen sich Angaben in Gew.-% sich auf das Falzgewicht, wenn nicht anders angegeben.For reagents,% by weight refers to the shaved weight unless otherwise specified.

2.1. Herstellung von Schuhoberleder2.1. Production of shoe upper leather

Zwei handelsübliche Rinder-Wetblue (Fa. Packer, USA) wurden auf eine Stärke von 1,8-2,0 mm gefalzt. Der Kernbereich wurde in vier Streifen zu je ca. 1200 g geschnitten. Anschließend wurden die Streifen in einem Fass (501) und einer Flottenlänge von 200 Gew.-% mit 2 Gew.-% Natriumformiat, 10 Minuten später mit 0,4 Gew.-% NaHCO3 und weitere 10 Minuten später mit 1 Gew.-% eines Naphthalinsulfonsäure-Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukts, hergestellt nach US 5,186,846 , Beispiel "Dispergiermittel 1", versetzt. Nach 90 Minuten wurde die Flotte abgelassen. Die Streifen wurden dann auf separate Walk-Fässer 1 bis 4 verteilt.Two commercially available cattle Wetblue (Packer, USA) were folded to a thickness of 1.8-2.0 mm. The core area was cut into four strips of approx. 1200 g each. The strips were then placed in a drum (501) and a liquor length of 200% by weight with 2% by weight of sodium formate, 10 minutes later with 0.4% by weight of NaHCO 3 and another 10 minutes later with 1% by weight. % of a naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product prepared according to US 5,186,846 Example "Dispersant 1", offset. After 90 minutes, the fleet was drained. The strips were then distributed on separate walk barrels 1 to 4.

Zusammen mit 100 Gew.-% Wasser wurden die Fässer 1 bis 4 bei 25-35°C mit je 1 Gew.-% einer 50 Gew.-% (Feststoffgehalt) wässrigen Lösung von Farbstoffen dosiert, deren Feststoffe wie folgt zusammen gesetzt waren:

  • 70 Gewichtsteile Farbstoff aus EP-B 0 970 148 , Beispiel 2.18,
  • 30 Gewichtsteile Acid Brown 75 (Eisenkomplex), Colour Index 1.7.16;
und anschließend 10 Minuten im Fass gewalkt.Together with 100% by weight of water, drums 1 to 4 were dosed at 25-35 ° C. with 1% by weight of a 50% by weight (solids content) aqueous solution of dyestuffs whose solids were composed as follows:
  • 70 parts by weight of dye EP-B 0 970 148 , Example 2.18,
  • 30 parts by weight Acid Brown 75 (iron complex), Color Index 1.7.16;
and then drummed for 10 minutes in a barrel.

Anschließend wurden wie in Tabelle 1 angegeben je 4 Gew.-% Polymerisat (Nachgerbstoff) gemäß Tabelle 1 zugegeben, gefolgt von 4 Gew.-% Sulfongerbstoff aus EP-B 0 459 168 , Beispiel K1 und 2 % Harzgerbstoff Relugan® DLF, kommerziell erhältlich bei BASF Aktiengesellschaft. Danach wurden die Streifen 45 Minuten bei 15 Umdrehungen/min im Fass gewalkt. Danach wurden 3 Gew.-% Vegetabilgerbstoff Mimosa® zugesetzt, kommerziell erhältlich bei BASF Aktiengesellschaft. Nach 30 Minuten wurden weitere 2 Gew.-% des oben bezeichneten Farbstoffgemischs nachdosiert.Subsequently, as indicated in Table 1, in each case 4% by weight of polymer (retanning agent) according to Table 1 were added, followed by 4% by weight of sulfone tanning agent EP-B 0 459 168 Example K1 and 2% resin tanning agent Relugan® DLF, commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft. The strips were then tumbled for 45 minutes at 15 rpm in the cask. Thereafter, 3% by weight of vegetable tanning material Mimosa® was added, commercially available from BASF Aktiengesellschaft. After 30 minutes, a further 2% by weight of the abovementioned dye mixture was replenished.

Anschließend wurde mit Ameisensäure auf einen pH-Wert von 3,6-3,8 abgesäuert. Nach 20 Minuten wurden die Flotten durch ein optisches Verfahren bzgl. der Auszehrung bewertet und abgelassen. Die Leder wurden danach mit 200 Gew.-% Wasser gewaschen. Zuletzt wurden in 100 % Wasser bei 50°C 5 Gew.-% Lipodermlicker® CMG und 2 Gew.-% Lipodermlicker® PN dosiert. Nach einer Walkzeit von 45 Minuten wird mit 1 Gew.-% Ameisensäure abgesäuert.It was then acidified with formic acid to a pH of 3.6-3.8. After 20 minutes, the liquors were evaluated and drained by an optical process for wasting. The leathers were then washed with 200% by weight of water. Finally, 5% by weight of Lipodermlicker® CMG and 2% by weight of Lipodermlicker® PN were metered into 100% water at 50 ° C. After a walk time of 45 minutes is acidified with 1 wt .-% formic acid.

Die gewaschenen Leder wurden getrocknet, gestollt und nach den in Tabelle 3 festgelegten Prüfkriterien bewertet. Die Bewertung erfolgte nach einem Notensystem von 1 (sehr gut) bis 5 (mangelhaft).The washed leathers were dried, staked and evaluated according to the test criteria set out in Table 3. The rating was based on a grading system from 1 (very good) to 5 (poor).

Bei Polymer V 1 handelte es sich um ein statistisches Acrylsäure-Acrylamid-Copolymer mit einem K-Wert nach Fikentscher von 70 (1 Gew.-% Lösung in Wasser), Comonomerverhältnis in mol%: (Acrylsäure:Acrylamid) 90:10. Tabelle 1 Anwendungstechnische Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Leder 2.1.1 bis 2.1.3 sowie des Vergleichsleders V 2.1.4 Fass Polymerisat Leder Fülle Weichheit Narbenfestigkeit Flottenauszehrung Durchfärbung (Schnitt) Egalität 1 P1 2.1.1 2 3 2 3 3 2-3 2 P 2 2.1.2 1-2 2 1-2 2-3 2 2 3 P 3 2.1.3 2 2-3 1-2 2 2-3 1-2 4 V1 V2.1.4 3 3 4 4 4 3 Polymer V 1 was an acrylic acid acrylamide random copolymer having a Fikentscher K value of 70 (1 wt% solution in water), comonomer ratio in mol%: (acrylic acid: acrylamide) 90:10. Table 1 Performance properties of the leather 2.1.1 to 2.1.3 according to the invention and the comparative leather V 2.1.4 barrel polymer leather wealth softness grain tightness the liquor Coloring (cut) levelness 1 P1 2.1.1 2 3 2 3 3 2-3 2 P 2 2.1.2 1-2 2 1-2 2-3 2 2 3 P 3 2.1.3 2 2-3 1-2 2 2-3 1-2 4 V1 V2.1.4 3 3 4 4 4 3

2.2 Chrom-freie Herstellung von Möbelleder2.2 Chrome-free production of furniture leather

Die Haut eines Süddeutschen Rindes wurde mit (bezogen auf die Pickelblöße) 1,25 Gew.-% Glutardialdehyd und 3 Gew.-% des Sulfongerbstoffs aus EP-B 0 459 168 , Beispiel K1 in ein wet-white-Halbzeug überführt. Nach der Vorgerbung lag der pH-Wert bei 3,9. Die Halbzeuge wurden nach dem Abwelken auf eine Stärke von 1,2 mm gefalzt und in Streifen zu je ca. 350 g geschnitten.The skin of a Southern German cattle was (with respect to the Pickelblöße) 1.25 wt .-% glutaric dialdehyde and 3 wt .-% of the sulfone tonic from EP-B 0 459 168 Example K1 converted into a wet-white semi-finished product. After pre-tanning, the pH was 3.9. The semi-finished products were folded after wilting to a thickness of 1.2 mm and cut into strips of about 350 g each.

In separaten Walkfässem wurden die Streifen mit folgenden Reagenzien versetzt:

  • 100 Gew.-% Wasser,
  • 6 Gew.-% des Sulfongerbstoffs aus EP-B 0 459 168 , Beispiel K1,
  • 4 Gew.-% des Vegetabilgerbstoffs Tara® (BASF Aktiengesellschaft),
  • 2,5 % Harzgerbstoff Relugan S® (BASF Aktiengesellschaft)
  • sowie 1,5 Gew.-% Farbstoff nach Beispiel 4.18 aus EP-B1 0 970 148
und anschließend über 60 Minuten bei 25°C-30°C bei 10 Umdfehungen/min gewalkt. Anschließend wurde mit Ameisensäure auf einen pH-Wert 3,6 gestellt und nach 20 Minuten die Flotte abgelassen.In separate vats, the strips were treated with the following reagents:
  • 100% by weight of water,
  • 6 wt .-% of the Sulfongerbstoffs from EP-B 0 459 168 , Example K1,
  • 4% by weight of the vegetable tanning agent Tara® (BASF Aktiengesellschaft),
  • 2.5% resin tanning Relugan S® (BASF Aktiengesellschaft)
  • and 1.5 wt .-% dye according to Example 4.18 EP-B1 0 970 148
and then tumbled for 60 minutes at 25 ° C-30 ° C at 10 Umdfehungen / min. The pH was then adjusted to 3.6 with formic acid and the liquor was drained off after 20 minutes.

In die frische Flotte (Wasser, 100 Gew.-%) dosierte man 5 Gew.-% Polymerisat (Nachgerbstoff) gemäß Tabelle 2, gefolgt von

  • 6 Gew.-% des handelsüblichen Fettungsmittels Lipodermlicker® CMG der
  • BASF Aktiengesellschaft,
1 Gew.-% Lipamin® OK
und 1,5 Gew.-% des Farbstoffs nach Beispiel 4.18 aus EP-B1 0 970148 .In the fresh liquor (water, 100 wt .-%) was metered 5 wt .-% of polymer (retanning agent) according to Table 2, followed by
  • 6 wt .-% of the commercial fatliquor Lipodermlicker® CMG of
  • BASF Aktiengesellschaft,
1% by weight of Lipamin® OK
and 1.5 wt .-% of the dye according to Example 4.18 EP-B1 0 970148 ,

Nach einer Walkzeit von weiteren 60 Minuten wurde mit Ameisensäure ein pH-Wert von 3,2 eingestellt, Proben von der Flotte gezogen und die Flotte abgelassen. Die Leder wurden zweimal mit je 100 % Wasser gewaschen, über Nacht feucht gelagert und nach dem Abwalken auf Spannrahmen bei 50 °C getrocknet. Nach dem Stollen wurden die Leder wie unten stehend beurteilt.After a further 60 minutes, a pH of 3.2 was adjusted with formic acid, samples were drawn from the liquor and the liquor was drained off. The leathers were washed twice with 100% water, stored moist overnight and dried after tentering on tenter at 50 ° C. After the tunnel, the leathers were judged as below.

Die Bewertung erfolgte nach einem Notensystem wie in der Schule von 1 (sehr gut) bis 6 (ungenügend). Die Bewertung der Flottenauszehrung erfolgte visuell nach den Kriterien Restfarbstoff (Extinktion) und Trübung. Tabelle 2 Anwendungstechnische Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Leder 2.2.1 bis 2.2.3 sowie des Vergleichsleders V 2.2.4 Versuch Nr. Fass Nachgerbstoff Ledereigenschaften Sonstiges Fülle Weich heit Narben-Festigkeit Farbstärke
(Färbung)
Egalität Färbung Durchfärbung
(Schnitt)
Flottenauszehrung
2.2.1 1 P1 3 3 2-3 2 1 2 2-3 2.2.2 2 P2 2 2-3 1 1 1-2 1-2 1-2 2.2.3 3 P3 2 3 2 1 1 1-2 2 V2.2.4 4 V1 4 3 4 3 3 4 4
The rating was based on a grading system as in the school from 1 (very good) to 6 (insufficient). The evaluation of the liquor was done visually according to the criteria residual color (extinction) and turbidity. Table 2 Performance properties of the leathers 2.2.1 to 2.2.3 according to the invention and of the comparative leather V 2.2.4 Experiment No. barrel retanning leather features miscellaneous wealth Softness Scar strength color strength
(Coloring)
Egality coloring by coloring
(Cut)
the liquor
2.2.1 1 P1 3 3 2-3 2 1 2 2-3 2.2.2 2 P2 2 2-3 1 1 1-2 1-2 1-2 2.2.3 3 P3 2 3 2 1 1 1-2 2 V2.2.4 4 V1 4 3 4 3 3 4 4

Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Möbelleder wiesen hervorragende Fülle und Narbenfestigkeit mit einer ausgezeichneten Farbstoffdispergierung und Fixierung auf. Weiterhin wurde beobachtet, dass durch das erfindungsgemäße Nachgerbverfahren Gerbereihilfsmittel im Leder gleichmäßiger verteilt wurden und die sogenannte Auszehrung verbessert wurde; das Angebot an Gerbereihilfsstoffen insbesondere der Farbstoffe wurde also besser genutzt. Zudem konnte die Abwasserbelastung entsprechend gesenkt werden.The furniture leathers produced according to the invention had excellent fullness and grain firmness with excellent dye dispersion and fixation. Furthermore, it has been observed that by means of the retanning process according to the invention tanning auxiliaries have been distributed more uniformly in the leather and the so-called wastage has been improved; the range of tannery additives, in particular the dyes, has thus been better utilized. In addition, the wastewater load could be reduced accordingly.

Claims (16)

  1. A process for the production of leather, wherein pelts, prickled pelts or semifinished products are treated with at least one polymer which is obtainable by copolymerizing
    (A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 8 carbon atoms or at least one anhydride derived from a mono- or dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 8 carbon atoms,
    (B) at least one vinylaromatic compound,
    (C) at least one alkoxylated unsaturated ether of the formula I
    Figure imgb0037
    (D) optionally further monoethylenically unsaturated monomers,
    where, in formula I, the variables are defined as follows:
    R1, R2 and R3 are identical or different and are selected from C1-C4-alkyl and hydrogen;
    R4 and R5 are in each case identical or different and are selected from C1-C4-alkyl and hydrogen;
    R6 is selected from hydrogen, SO3M, PO3M2, C1-C20-alkyl, CO-H (formyl) CO-C1-C20-alkyl and CO-C6-C14-aryl,
    M is an alkali metal or NH4 + or CH3,
    N is an integer from 3 to 100 and
    Y is an integer from 0 to 10.
  2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the monomers are contained in the polymer in the following proportions:
    (A) from 2 to 50% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 8 carbon atoms or of at least one anhydride derived from a mono- or dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 8 carbon atoms,
    (B) from 5 to 80% by weight of at least one vinylaromatic compound,
    (C) from 10 to 90% by weight of at least one alkoxylated unsaturated ether of the formula I,
    (D) from 0 to 20% by weight of at least one further monomer.
  3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein (B) is styrene.
  4. The process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein (A) is (meth) acrylic acid or maleic anhydride.
  5. The process according to any of claims 1 to 4, therein (D) is selected from
    ethylenically unsaturated C3-C8-carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula II
    Figure imgb0038
    acrylamides of the formula III
    Figure imgb0039
    acyclic amides of the formula IV a or cyclic amides of the formula IV b
    Figure imgb0040
    C1-C20-alkyl vinyl ethers,
    N-vinyl derivatives of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds,
    alkoxylated unsaturated esters or amides of the formula V
    Figure imgb0041
    esters or amides of the formula VI
    Figure imgb0042
    unsaturated esters of the formula VII
    Figure imgb0043
    monomers containing sulfonate, phosphate or phosphonate groups,
    in the formulae II to VII the variables being defined as follows:
    R7 and R6 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and C1-C10-alkyl,
    R9 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and C1-C22-alkyl,
    A1 is branched or straight-chain C2-C6-alkylene,
    x is an integer from 2 to 6,
    a is an integer from 0 to 6,
    m is an integer from 2 to 200,
    R10 and R11 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and C1-C10-alkyl,
    X is oxygen or N-R12
    R12 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C10-alkyl and phenyl,
    and the retaining variables are defined as above.
  6. The process according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the polymers are metered as an aqueous dispersion or solution.
  7. A leather produced by a process according to at least one of claims 1 to 6.
  8. The use or a leather according to claim 7 for the production of articles of clotting or pieces of furniture or automotive parts .
  9. An article of clotting produced from or comprising a leather according to claim 7.
  10. A piece of furniture produced from or comprising a leather according to claim 7.
  11. An automotive part produced from or comprising a leather according to claim 7.
  12. A polymer obtainable by copolymerizing
    (A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 8 carboy atoms or at least one Anhydride derived from a mono- or dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 8 carbon atoms,
    (B) at least one vinylaromatic compound,
    (C') at least one alkoxylated unsaturated ether of the formula I a
    Figure imgb0044
    (D) optionally further monoethylenically unsaturated monomers,
    where, in formula I a, the variables are defined as follows:
    R1, R2 and R3 are identical or different and are selected from C1-C4-alkyl and hydrogen,
    R4 and R5 in each case are identical or different and are selected from C1-C4-alkyl and hydrogen,
    R13 is selected from hydrogen, SO3M, PO3M2, CO-H (formyl) , CO-C1-C20-alkyl and CO-C6-C14-aryl,
    M is an alkali metal or NH4 + or CH3,
    n is an integer from 3 to 100 and
    y is an integer from 0 to 10.
  13. The polymer according to claim 12, whereon the monomers are contained in the polymer in the following proportion:
    (A) from 2 to 50% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 8 carbon atoms or of at least one anhydride derived from a mono- or dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 8 carton atoms,
    (B) from 5 to 80% by weight of at least one vinylaromatic compound,
    (C') from 10 to 90% by weight of at least one alkoxylated unsaturated ether of the formula I a,
    (D) from 0 to 20% by weight of at least one further monomer.
  14. The polymer according to claim 12 or 13, wherein (D) is selected from
    ethylenically unsaturated C3-C8-carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula II
    Figure imgb0045
    acrylamides of the formula III
    Figure imgb0046
    acyclic amides of the formula IV a or cyclic amides of the formula IV b
    Figure imgb0047
    C1-C20-alkyl vinyl ethers,
    N-vinyl derivatives of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds,
    alkoxylated unsaturated esters or amides of the formula V
    Figure imgb0048
    esters or amides of the formula VI
    Figure imgb0049
    unsaturated esters of the formula VII
    Figure imgb0050
    monomers containing sulfonate, phosphate or phosphonate groups,
    where, in the formulae II to VII, the variables are defined as follow:
    R7and R8 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and C1-C10-alkyl,
    R9 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and C1-C22-alkyl,
    A1 is branched or straight-chain C2-C6-alkylene,
    x is an integer from 2 to 6,
    a is an integer from 0 to 6,
    m is an integer from 2 to 200,
    R10 and R11 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and C1-C10-alkyl,
    X is oxygen or N-R12
    R12 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C10-alkyl and phenyl,
    and the retaining variables are defined as above.
  15. A process for the preparation of polymers according to any of claims 12 to 14 by copolymerizing
    (A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 8 carboy atoms or at least one Anhydride derived from a mono- or dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 8 carboy atoms,
    (B) at least one vinylaromatic compound,
    (C') at least one alkoxylated unsaturated ether of the formula I a
    (D) and, if appropriate, at least one further monomer.
  16. An aqueous dispersion comprising up to 50% by weight of at least one polymer according to any of claims 12 to 14.
EP04740614A 2003-07-23 2004-07-03 Method for the production of leather by using polymers Expired - Lifetime EP1651781B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10333749A DE10333749A1 (en) 2003-07-23 2003-07-23 Preparation of leather, e.g. for producing clothing or furniture, by treating with new copolymer of unsaturated acid or anhydride, vinyl aromatic compound and alkoxylated unsaturated ether
PCT/EP2004/007270 WO2005019480A1 (en) 2003-07-23 2004-07-03 Method for the production of leather by using polymers

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EP1651781A1 EP1651781A1 (en) 2006-05-03
EP1651781B1 true EP1651781B1 (en) 2009-06-17

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DE102004031158A1 (en) 2004-06-28 2006-01-19 Basf Ag Use of polymers containing ether groups as solubilizers
CN100396795C (en) * 2007-01-25 2008-06-25 陕西科技大学 A kind of preparation method of filling foaming type leather retanning agent
US20100192307A1 (en) * 2007-09-03 2010-08-05 Basf Se Method for the production of aqueous formulations, aqueous formulations, and the use thereof
BRPI0816190A2 (en) 2007-09-03 2015-04-14 Basf Se Process for the preparation of aqueous formulations, aqueous formulations, use of aqueous formulations, process for the production of leather, leather, copolymer, and mixtures
US8419948B2 (en) * 2009-11-22 2013-04-16 United Laboratories International, Llc Wastewater treatment
CN101831024A (en) * 2010-05-15 2010-09-15 甘肃宏良皮业股份有限公司 Method for preparing polymer retanning fat-liquoring agent and retanning fat-liquoring agent
CN116536460B (en) * 2023-05-10 2024-05-24 四川大学 Method for preparing transparent leather based on refractive index phase matching principle

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DE4018873A1 (en) * 1990-06-13 1991-12-19 Basf Ag USE OF CONDENSATIONS BASED ON ARYLSULPHONIC ACIDS AND FORMALDEHYDE AS DISPERSIBLE AGENTS
DE4236556A1 (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-05-05 Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh Process for softening / greasing leather and fur
DE4328817A1 (en) * 1993-08-27 1995-03-02 Basf Ag Water-soluble copolymers containing carboxyl groups, processes for their preparation and their use as scale inhibitors
US5646225A (en) * 1996-05-13 1997-07-08 Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. Water-reducible resins for coatings and inks
DE19815946A1 (en) * 1998-04-09 1999-10-14 Basf Ag Polymeric tanning agents containing N-vinyl units
DE19941423A1 (en) * 1999-08-30 2001-03-01 Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh Polymer composition and a process for its production
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CN1826415A (en) 2006-08-30
ATE434058T1 (en) 2009-07-15
DE10333749A1 (en) 2005-02-10
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CN1826415B (en) 2010-06-16
DE502004009623D1 (en) 2009-07-30

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