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EP1527492A2 - Dispositif et procede pour humidifier un flux gazeux - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede pour humidifier un flux gazeux

Info

Publication number
EP1527492A2
EP1527492A2 EP03787622A EP03787622A EP1527492A2 EP 1527492 A2 EP1527492 A2 EP 1527492A2 EP 03787622 A EP03787622 A EP 03787622A EP 03787622 A EP03787622 A EP 03787622A EP 1527492 A2 EP1527492 A2 EP 1527492A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bypass line
gas stream
fuel cell
gas
humidified
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03787622A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Berger
Jens Introp
Gerhard Konrad
Arnold Lamm
Sven Schnetzler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP1527492A2 publication Critical patent/EP1527492A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for humidifying at least one gas stream, in particular a gas stream flowing to a fuel line system, according to the kind defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • PEM polymer electrolyte membrane
  • the air supplied to the cathode region of the PEM fuel cell, or another oxygen-containing medium must be appropriately humidified in order to prevent the PEM from drying out.
  • the water balance of the fuel cell system must, if possible, be self-contained, on the one hand to ensure the humidification of the PEM and on the other hand provide sufficient water for the operation of the gas generating device without continuous refueling.
  • the water serves, especially stored in liquid form, then for hot steam reforming or autothermal reforming of the hydrocarbon-containing compound used for the production of hydrogen in the gas generating device.
  • an anode compartment to which the hydrogen or the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied, is separated from the cathode compartment by the PEM, which is usually installed in the context of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA - membrane electrode assembly) separated, to which an oxygen-containing medium, in particular air, is supplied.
  • MEA - membrane electrode assembly membrane electrode assembly
  • a dew point is established in the gas stream to be humidified flowing to the cathode chamber, which dew point essentially depends on the temperature of the cathode exhaust gas, the transmission power of the membrane and the load point of the fuel cell system.
  • dew point essentially depends on the temperature of the cathode exhaust gas, the transmission power of the membrane and the load point of the fuel cell system.
  • higher transmission power however, such high dew points can occur in the gas stream to be humidified that is supplied to the cathode chamber that reliable operation of the fuel cell can no longer be guaranteed.
  • a sensible moistening there is practically an “over- flooding "of the PEM or the electrons / catalysts arranged in its area and / or the cathode compartment, the electrical output of the fuel cell thus drops.
  • a method for solving the above object in combination with the device according to claim 1 results from the characterizing part of claim 14.
  • the at least one bypass line allows the volume flow on at least one side of the membrane which is permeable to water vapor to be influenced in a particularly simple and effective manner.
  • the volume flow which is to be humidified and absorbs the water vapor, can be varied. This can then be mixed, for example, with the part passing through the bypass line, as a result of which the desired dew point can be set in the mixture.
  • a variation of the dew point is made possible by a simple device, for example by means of proportional valves or the like. Alternatively, part of the moist gas can be led around the membrane through a bypass line. As a result, the amount of water vapor offered can also be changed via a very simple influencing of the volume flows, for example by means of a valve device, as a result of which the humidification of the gas stream to be humidified can also be varied. Even in this way, the dew point in the gas stream to be humidified and later supplied to a fuel cell, for example, can be influenced with very simple means.
  • the moist exhaust gas flow is passed into another comparable humidifier device for humidifying a further gas flow after flowing through the humidifier device and / or the bypass line.
  • This structure ensures that the entire moisture or water vapor present in the exhaust gas stream is recovered and made available to the system. In the case of a fuel cell system, for example, this has a particularly positive effect on its water balance, so that there is no need to refuel with water to operate the fuel cell system.
  • the at least one bypass line is integrated into the humidifier device itself.
  • the device according to the invention can also be used for drying a gas stream. All that is required is a reversal of the "useful gas flow" and the “exhaust gas (stripping gas) flow.
  • a moist gas flow can be dehumidified in a precisely adjustable ratio via a stripping gas flow that is initially dry and then moist after the humidifier device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel cell system in an embodiment according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a possible structure of a humidifier device according to the invention in a schematic diagram.
  • 3 shows a structure of the humidifier device according to FIG. 2 with a device for varying the volume flow through a bypass line
  • 4 shows a further possible construction of a device for varying the volume flow through the bypass line
  • 5 shows a further alternative construction of a device for varying the volume flow through the bypass line
  • 6 shows a further possible construction of a humidifier device according to the invention in a basic illustration
  • 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the fuel line system according to the invention
  • 8 shows a further alternative embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • the invention is described in detail below on the basis of a device for humidifying a gas stream for a fuel cell system, but is not intended to be restricted to this specific application.
  • the fuel cell system 1 shows a fuel cell system 1.
  • the fuel cell system 1 has at least one fuel cell 2, which can be constructed as a single cell or in particular as a fuel cell stack consisting of a plurality of individual cells.
  • the fuel cell 2 has a proton-conducting membrane 3, in particular a PEM, which separates an anode compartment 4 from a cathode compartment 5 of the fuel cell 2.
  • Electrical power is now generated in the fuel cell 2 from a hydrogen-containing medium which is fed to the anode compartment 4 and an oxygen-containing medium which is fed to the cathode compartment 5 in a manner known per se. Neither this electrical power nor the manner in which the hydrogen-containing medium is generated and / or supplied plays a role in the humidification devices shown here.
  • an optional gas generating device 6 is indicated by way of example, in which a hydrogen-rich gas is generated from a compound comprising carbon and hydrogen together with water and optionally an oxygen-containing medium.
  • a hydrogen-rich gas is generated from a compound comprising carbon and hydrogen together with water and optionally an oxygen-containing medium.
  • the mode of operation of the invention is also possible with other fuel cell systems 1, for example with those which are supplied with hydrogen gas stored in a tank.
  • the product water generated by the fuel cell 2 is usually in the area of the cathode compartment 5. This product water is then discharged from the cathode compartment 5 together with an exhaust gas stream.
  • the cathode compartment 5 also requires a defined moisture content or dew point in order to prevent the membrane 3, which is constructed, for example, as a polymer electrolyte membrane, from drying out.
  • the exhaust gas flow from the cathode chamber 5 is therefore directed into a humidification device 7.
  • this humidifier device 7 there is at least one membrane 8 which is inherently impermeable to the exhaust gas and permeable to the water vapor contained in the exhaust gas.
  • membranes 8 are known from the prior art and can consist of different polymer materials, hollow fiber membranes or the like.
  • a gas stream to be humidified flows on the other side of the membrane 8, which absorbs the water vapor passing through the membrane 8 and is then fed to the cathode chamber 5 as humidified supply air in the exemplary embodiment shown here.
  • a corresponding conveying device 9 e.g. a compressor.
  • the humidifier device 7 Before the exhaust gas flow reaches the humidifier device 7 from the area of the cathode chamber 5, it is cooled by means of a heat exchanger 10, so that part of the product water can condense out. This condensed and another part of the product water of the fuel cell, which is entrained liquid by the exhaust gas flow, is liquid separated between the heat exchanger 10 and the humidification device 7 in a liquid separator 11. This liquid separated water can then be used for other purposes, which will be discussed in more detail in the exemplary embodiments which will be described below.
  • each of the two bypass lines 12, 13 alone is able to set the dew point in the gas stream to be humidified using the simplest of means.
  • a combination that is to say the presence of both bypass lines 12 and 13 in the fuel cell system 1, can also be provided. The mode of operation of the bypass lines is explained in detail below.
  • the bypass line 12 which has a device (not shown here) for varying the volume flow flowing through it, by means of which the proportion of the volume flow of the exhaust gas which flows through the bypass line 12 can be set, functions as follows. Part of the exhaust gas stream transporting the water vapor reaches the bypass line 12, while only the remaining part reaches the humidifier device 7.
  • the range of water vapor in the humidification device 7 can thus be varied with the simplest means, so that the gas stream to be humidified can only absorb the available water vapor and thus the dew point in the gas stream to be humidified can be adjusted by the supply of water vapor.
  • This variant has the disadvantage that a part of the moist exhaust gas in the fuel cell system 1 according to FIG. 1 escapes from the fuel cell system 1 unused and thus water also reaches the surroundings unused. However, this can be avoided by a construction as described in FIG. 8 below.
  • bypass line 13 provides that only part of the gas stream to be humidified flows through the humidifier device 7. After the humidifier device 7, this can then be mixed again with the gas stream flowing through the bypass line 13 and thus remaining dry.
  • the dew point in the gas stream, which then enters the cathode chamber 5 in the exemplary embodiment shown here, can be varied or set by appropriately setting the volume ratio through the bypass line 13 on the one hand and the humidifier device 7 on the other hand.
  • Fig. 2 a concrete embodiment of the humidifier device 7 is now shown in cross section.
  • the bypass line 12, 13 (it does not matter for the mode of operation which of the bypass lines is designed in the manner shown here) is integrated in the humidifier device 7. This is particularly favorable if the membrane 8 is designed as a bundle of hollow fibers, since then the bypass line 12, 13 can simply be integrated into the bundle as a pipeline. However, all other variants of membranes 8 are also conceivable. Even the geometric shape the humidifier device 7 and / or the bypass line 12, 13 can be varied almost arbitrarily.
  • One of the gas streams then flows from the inlet area 14 of the humidifier device 7 to the outlet area 15 thereof.
  • the other flows through further line elements 16, which are only indicated in principle here, into the area of the membranes 8.
  • a higher flow pressure loss is now set for the gas flow in the area of the membrane 8 from the entry area 14 to the exit area 15 in the area of the bypass line 12, 13, the gas flow will predominantly flow through the area of the bypass line 12, 13. Because of the large surfaces of the membranes 8, this is generally always the case.
  • the cross section of the bypass line 12, 13 is changed by a device for varying the volume flow.
  • this device is shown as a valve lifter 17.
  • the remaining inflow or outflow cross section (the flow direction plays no role in the mode of operation) in or out of the bypass line 12, 13 between "closed” and "open”.
  • the remaining part of the volume flow then no longer flowing through the bypass line 12, 13 then flows through the area of the membranes 8 and is moistened there or releases the water vapor contained therein.
  • FIG. 4 shows another of the devices in an alternative embodiment. This is suitable for a round or tubular design of the humidifier device 7.
  • the two disks 18 shown with their openings 19 are arranged concentrically one after the other in the inlet or outlet region 14, 15 in the flow direction. If you are now rotated against each other, the openings overlap to different degrees 19 different areas of the membranes 8 and / or the bypass line 12, 13 free to flow through.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further possibility of a device in which the cross-section through which the flow can flow is varied via an orifice plate 20 which is eccentrically fastened on the disc 18 and which can be brought into the region of the cross-section through which the flow can pass.
  • a second disk in the sense of FIG. 4 can be used to vary the cross-section through which the flow can flow in the area of the membranes 8.
  • FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the humidifier device 7. Deviating from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the bypass line 12 is
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative variant of the fuel cell system 1, in which comparable components are provided with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • the gas generating device 6 is a necessary device and not, as in the exemplary embodiment shown above, an option.
  • this water is converted together with a hydrocarbon-containing compound, for example gasoline, diesel, alcohol or the like, in a manner known per se to a hydrogen-rich gas for operating the fuel cell 2.
  • a hydrocarbon-containing compound for example gasoline, diesel, alcohol or the like
  • the gas generating device 6 is supplied with an oxygen-containing medium, which medium is fed via a conveying device 23 through a further humidifier device 24 the gas generating device 6 is promoted.
  • this further humidifier device 23 is constructed analogously to the humidifier device 7. It also has comparable membranes 8, which are only permeable to water vapor.
  • the moisture for humidifying the supply air to the gas generating device 6 also originates from the exhaust gas flow, which after the humidifier device 7 still contains a certain residual moisture which it emits in the further humidifier device 24 to the supply air to the gas generating system 6. In this
  • Construction can continue with the possibility of setting the dew point in the supply air provided by the bypass line 13 for the cathode compartment 5, the ideal utilization of the moisture contained in the exhaust gas stream can be ensured.
  • a variation of the dew point is not necessary for the supply air to the gas generating device 6, since the water supply required for the ideal conversion of the starting materials is subsequently adjusted anyway by the regulated supply of liquid water and the proportion of water vapor in the supply air which has been affected is only a comparative one provides a small part of the water required.
  • FIG. 8 A further exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 8, the reference numerals of comparable functioning components also being chosen here analogously to the previous figures.
  • the fuel cell system 1 shown in FIG. 8 has the above-described variant using the bypass line 12 for setting the dew point in the supply air flow supplied to the cathode chamber 5.
  • this variant has the fundamental disadvantage that part of the moist exhaust gas flows around the humidifier device 7 and the moisture contained in it is therefore lost in principle.
  • this disadvantage is now avoided in such a way that the portion of the exhaust gas stream which flows through the bypass line 12 is not directly mixed with the exhaust gas stream downstream of the humidifier device 7, but rather that the further humidifier device 24 is arranged in between , The moisture contained in the exhaust gas stream which flows through the bypass line 12 can thus be transmitted in the further humidifier device 24, analogously to FIG. 7, into the supply air for the gas generating device 6.
  • a conveying device 23 is also shown here, which is required for conveying the supply air to the gas generating device 6.
  • the fuel cell system 1 according to FIG. 8 now has a further optional delivery device 25. This is necessary or may be necessary if the gas generating device 6 there is a significantly higher pressure than in the area of the further humidifier device 24.
  • the conveying device 23 would be designed as a low-pressure compressor and the conveying device 25 would accordingly be designed as a high-pressure compressor in order to ensure the system pressure which may be necessary for the gas generating device 6.
  • the approximately largest part of the moisture in the exhaust gas stream is used to humidify the corresponding gas streams to be humidified and or to provide the water required for the gas generating device 6.
  • the device for humidification is particularly suitable for fuel cell systems 1 in vehicles on land, on water and in the air, and here both for fuel cell systems 1 which provide energy for drive purposes and in particular for as auxiliary power generators (APU / Auxiliary Power Unit) fuel cell systems used 1.
  • auxiliary power generators APU / Auxiliary Power Unit

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Air Humidification (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif servant à humidifier un flux gazeux à humidifier qui est amené, par exemple, à un système de piles à combustible. On utilise pour l'humidification un gaz humide, par exemple un gaz d'échappement humide provenant du système de piles à combustible, ce gaz humide s'écoulant avec le flux gazeux à humidifier dans un dispositif humidificateur. Les deux flux gazeux sont, ce faisant, séparés l'un de l'autre par une membrane dans le dispositif humidificateur, la membrane étant uniquement perméable à la vapeur d'eau. Selon l'invention, le dispositif comprend au moins une conduite de dérivation grâce à laquelle au moins un des flux gazeux peut être partiellement conduit autour de la zone de la membrane dans le dispositif humidificateur. Il est ainsi possible de régler librement de manière avantageuse le point de rosée dans le flux gazeux à humidifier.
EP03787622A 2002-07-18 2003-07-02 Dispositif et procede pour humidifier un flux gazeux Withdrawn EP1527492A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10235757 2002-07-18
DE10235757 2002-07-18
PCT/DE2003/002200 WO2004017450A2 (fr) 2002-07-18 2003-07-02 Dispositif et procede pour humidifier un flux gazeux

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1527492A2 true EP1527492A2 (fr) 2005-05-04

Family

ID=31724060

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03787622A Withdrawn EP1527492A2 (fr) 2002-07-18 2003-07-02 Dispositif et procede pour humidifier un flux gazeux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7455721B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1527492A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP4541889B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003250287A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004017450A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004017450A2 (fr) 2004-02-26
AU2003250287A1 (en) 2004-03-03
WO2004017450A3 (fr) 2005-01-20
US20060101994A1 (en) 2006-05-18
JP2005533360A (ja) 2005-11-04
US7455721B2 (en) 2008-11-25
JP4541889B2 (ja) 2010-09-08
AU2003250287A8 (en) 2004-03-03

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