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EP1506816B1 - Buse de Laval pour la pulvérisation thermique et cinétique - Google Patents

Buse de Laval pour la pulvérisation thermique et cinétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1506816B1
EP1506816B1 EP04010236A EP04010236A EP1506816B1 EP 1506816 B1 EP1506816 B1 EP 1506816B1 EP 04010236 A EP04010236 A EP 04010236A EP 04010236 A EP04010236 A EP 04010236A EP 1506816 B1 EP1506816 B1 EP 1506816B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
gas
spraying
accordance
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP04010236A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1506816A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Heinrich
Heinrich Prof. Dr. Kreye
Thorsten Stoltenhoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Metco AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer Metco AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=33568141&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1506816(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE10319481A external-priority patent/DE10319481A1/de
Application filed by Sulzer Metco AG filed Critical Sulzer Metco AG
Priority to EP04010236A priority Critical patent/EP1506816B1/fr
Priority to PL04010236T priority patent/PL1506816T3/pl
Publication of EP1506816A1 publication Critical patent/EP1506816A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1506816B1 publication Critical patent/EP1506816B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1606—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air
    • B05B7/1613—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/162—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1 with a Laval nozzle for thermal spraying and kinetic spraying, in particular for cold gas spraying, with a converging and with a diverging section.
  • a Laval nozzle for thermal spraying and kinetic spraying, in particular for cold gas spraying, with a converging and with a diverging section.
  • Such nozzles are used in cold gas spraying and are used to produce coatings or moldings.
  • powdery spray particles are injected into a gas jet, for which a compressed and heated gas is expanded via the Laval nozzle, by means of a powder tube.
  • the spray particles are accelerated to high speeds above the speed of sound at relaxation of the gas jet in the divergent part of the Laval nozzle.
  • the spray particles then impinge on the substrate and, because of their high kinetic energy, fuse to an extremely dense layer.
  • the nozzle is also suitable for the other methods of thermal spraying, such as flame spraying or high-speed flame spraying with in
  • the particles that do not melt in the "cold" gas jet form a dense and tightly adherent layer, with plastic deformation and resultant local heat release providing cohesion and adhesion of the sprayed layer to the workpiece.
  • Heating the gas jet increases the flow velocity of the gas and thus also the particle velocity. In addition, it heats the particles and thereby promotes their plastic deformation on impact.
  • the gas temperature can be up to 800 ° C, but is significantly below the melting temperature of the coating material, so that melting of the particles in the gas jet does not take place. Oxidation and phase transformations of the coating material can thus be largely avoided.
  • Laval nozzles consist of a convergent and a downstream divergent section.
  • the narrowest cross-section of the Laval nozzle is called nozzle throat.
  • the process gas used is nitrogen, helium, argon, air or mixtures thereof. However, nitrogen is usually used, higher particle velocities are achieved with helium or helium-nitrogen mixtures.
  • the nozzle described there and currently customary has the shape of a double cone with a total length of about 100 mm. It has an expansion ratio of about 9, in addition, a variant with an expansion ratio of 6 is used.
  • the length of the convergent section is about 1/3, that of the divergent section 2/3 of the nozzle length.
  • the nozzle throat has a diameter of about 2.7 mm.
  • devices for cold gas spraying are designed for pressures of about 1 MPa up to a maximum pressure of 3.5 MPa and gas temperatures up to about 800 ° C.
  • the heated gas is released together with the spray particles in the Laval nozzle. While the pressure in the Laval nozzle drops, the gas velocity increases to values up to 3000 m / s and the particle velocity to values up to 2000 m / s.
  • a device for cold gas spraying according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.
  • the nozzle shown there has - apart from the injector nozzle for the powder - in the divergent region of the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2c is a pure conical shape.
  • the embodiment of Figure 2a has a cylindrical shape, the figure 2b a curvature to the outside.
  • “Outward curvature” means that the line of the boundary in FIG. 2b has a curvature to the right, that is, to the outside, in the flow direction of the gas at the bottom.
  • the Upper boundary line has a curvature to the left, so also to the outside.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the nozzle grow when going outward faster than a corresponding cone.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a nozzle for thermal and kinetic spraying to the effect that the application efficiency is increased and thereby the tendency of the particles to deposit on the nozzle wall is reduced.
  • a nozzle in which the entire diverging section or at least part of the diverging section has a bell-shaped contour.
  • a nozzle in which the entire diverging section or at least part of the diverging section has a bell-shaped contour.
  • the comparable dimensions we have the standard nozzle described above with respect to nozzle length, aspect ratio convergent to divergent section, expansion ratio, diameter of the nozzle neck, etc., but according to the invention has a bell-shaped contour of the divergent nozzle portion, shows a much better order behavior.
  • the whole divergent section is bell-shaped. But it is also sufficient if only a part of the divergent section bell shape and the rest is designed differently, for example, as a cone or as a cylinder.
  • the beginning of the diverging section has bell shape. This then extends over a third or half of the length of the diverging section. Thereafter, the nozzle may change to another shape, it being convenient if the nozzle has no discontinuities or "kinks" in its course. An abrupt transition from bell shape to cone or from cone to cylinder should be avoided as abrupt transitions interfere with the uniformity of the gas flow.
  • the bell-shaped contour is designed so that a parallel jet nozzle is present, that is, the jet leaves the nozzle in parallel, without widening.
  • This second variant of the invention with the same diameter in the nozzle throat, but a longer divergent section, the bell-shaped contour was designed so that a parallel gas flow is achieved results in otherwise same Rothparametem even an order efficiency of 75 to 80%.
  • the total length of the nozzle is between 60 and 300 mm, preferably using nozzles with overall lengths of 100 to 200 mm.
  • the cross-sectional area in the nozzle throat is 3 to 25 mm 2 , more preferably 5 to 10 mm 2 .
  • the particle velocity depends on the type and the state variables of the gas (pressure, temperature), the particle size and the physical density of the particle material (article by T. Stoltenhoff et al from the proceedings of the 5th HVOF Colloquium, 16 and 17.11.2000 in Erding, formula on page 31 below). It is therefore possible to tailor the nozzle contour specifically to the process gases nitrogen, air and helium as well as the spray material.
  • a powder tube is provided in the nozzle, which serves to supply the spray particles and ends in the divergent portion of the nozzle.
  • Such powder tubes and nozzle geometries are in the DE 101 26 100 A1
  • the divergent section of the nozzle always has at least one bell-shaped section.
  • the better acceleration of the particles by the new nozzle also allows the use of a coarser powder.
  • powders with flows of between 5 and 106 .mu.m instead of the previously used powders of 5 to 25 .mu.m, it being understood that the known powders can continue to be used.
  • Coarser powders are much cheaper.
  • a further advantage of the coarser powders is that when spraying with these powders, deposits at the nozzle wall occur only at relatively high gas temperatures. A higher gas temperature causes a higher flow rate of the gas and a lower gas consumption, so overall cost savings in powder and gas in the production of the layers.
  • the length of the convergent portion is substantially smaller than the length of the divergent portion, and the divergent portion has an overall bell shape, unlike the nozzle of Figure 2b DE 101 26 100 A1 ,
  • the convergent section is conically shaped along its entire length.
  • the bell shape ensures that the jet leaves the nozzle practically parallel and disadvantageous effects such as compression collisions at the nozzle exit or pressure node in the free jet are significantly reduced.
  • Bell shape means that from the taper, ie from the neck of the nozzle a konvexkonkaver course of curves takes place, the flow-through cross-section is always larger or at least remains the same, but never gets smaller.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Dispositif pour la pulvérisation de gaz froids ou pour la pulvérisation à la flamme à haute vitesse, dans lequel des particules de pulvérisation sont pulvérisées dans un jet de gaz, avec une buse de Laval qui détend le gaz conjointement avec les particules de pulvérisation, où la buse de Laval présente une section convergente et une section divergente et génère un nombre de Mach de sortie entre 2,5 et 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie de la section divergente possède un contour en forme de cloche.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le contour est réalisé de façon à disposer d'une buse à jets parallèles.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la longueur totale de la buse est entre 60 et 300 mm, de préférence entre 100 et 200 mm.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la face en section transversale dans le col de buse est de 3-25 mm2, de préférence de 5 à 10 mm2.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rapport d'élargissement est entre 1 et 25.
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de Mach de sortie est entre 2,5 et 4.
EP04010236A 2003-04-30 2004-04-29 Buse de Laval pour la pulvérisation thermique et cinétique Revoked EP1506816B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04010236A EP1506816B1 (fr) 2003-04-30 2004-04-29 Buse de Laval pour la pulvérisation thermique et cinétique
PL04010236T PL1506816T3 (pl) 2003-04-30 2004-04-29 Dysza Lavala do natryskiwania termicznego albo kinetycznego

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10319481 2003-04-30
DE10319481A DE10319481A1 (de) 2003-04-30 2003-04-30 Lavaldüse für das thermische Spritzen und das kinetische Spritzen
EP04008360 2004-04-06
EP04008360 2004-04-06
EP04010236A EP1506816B1 (fr) 2003-04-30 2004-04-29 Buse de Laval pour la pulvérisation thermique et cinétique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1506816A1 EP1506816A1 (fr) 2005-02-16
EP1506816B1 true EP1506816B1 (fr) 2013-01-02

Family

ID=33568141

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04010236A Revoked EP1506816B1 (fr) 2003-04-30 2004-04-29 Buse de Laval pour la pulvérisation thermique et cinétique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1506816B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL1506816T3 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11662300B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2023-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Apparatus for performing in-situ adhesion test of cold spray deposits and method of employing
US11898986B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2024-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Systems and methods for steam generator tube analysis for detection of tube degradation
US11935662B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Elongate SiC fuel elements

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1808508A1 (fr) 2006-01-17 2007-07-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Composant disposé dans le conduit d'écoulement d'une turbomachine et procédé de pulvérisation pour produire un revêtement.
DE102007032022A1 (de) 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Linde Ag Kaltgasspritzdüse
DE102007032021A1 (de) 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Linde Ag Kaltgasspritzdüse
DE102011002616A1 (de) 2010-03-31 2011-12-15 Sms Siemag Ag Überschalldüse zum Einsatz in metallurgischen Anlagen sowie Verfahren zur Dimensionierung einer Überschalldüse
DE102014001199A1 (de) 2014-01-29 2015-02-19 Daimler Ag Innenbrenner

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE522059A (fr) *
US4300723A (en) * 1980-02-29 1981-11-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Controlled overspray spray nozzle
JPS6295127A (ja) * 1985-10-21 1987-05-01 Canon Inc 微粒子の吹き付け装置
DE4129120C2 (de) * 1991-09-02 1995-01-05 Haldenwanger Tech Keramik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Substraten mit hochtemperaturbeständigen Kunststoffen und Verwendung des Verfahrens
US5573682A (en) * 1995-04-20 1996-11-12 Plasma Processes Plasma spray nozzle with low overspray and collimated flow

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11898986B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2024-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Systems and methods for steam generator tube analysis for detection of tube degradation
US11935662B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Elongate SiC fuel elements
US11662300B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2023-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Apparatus for performing in-situ adhesion test of cold spray deposits and method of employing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1506816A1 (fr) 2005-02-16
PL1506816T3 (pl) 2013-06-28

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