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EP1502997B1 - Device for reproducing the heterogeneous road adhesion characteristic of a vehicle - Google Patents

Device for reproducing the heterogeneous road adhesion characteristic of a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1502997B1
EP1502997B1 EP04291724A EP04291724A EP1502997B1 EP 1502997 B1 EP1502997 B1 EP 1502997B1 EP 04291724 A EP04291724 A EP 04291724A EP 04291724 A EP04291724 A EP 04291724A EP 1502997 B1 EP1502997 B1 EP 1502997B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aggregates
vehicle
strip
heterogeneous
mix
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EP04291724A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1502997A1 (en
Inventor
Vincent Schmitt
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Direction General de lArmement DGA
Gouvernement de la Republique Francaise
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Delegation Generale pour lArmement
Gouvernement de la Republique Francaise
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of vehicle adhesion tests, in particular equipped with a system for controlling stability, traction or braking, on a heterogeneously adhered soil, which is asymmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
  • a system for controlling stability, traction or braking on a heterogeneously adhered soil, which is asymmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
  • the simplest solution consists in producing them on such a soil, which imposes a partial release. a road covered with snow.
  • This solution is technically possible, but testing can only be done in winter and in very specific geographical locations.
  • the snow conditions are variable depending on the outside temperature and sunshine, which does not guarantee the reproducibility of the test conditions. It is also necessary to dry the high adhesion part which poses problems quickly insoluble.
  • Another solution consists in carrying out tests in which the vehicle rides on a road and a wet grassy ground. This solution is also technically acceptable but the rapid degradation of the grassy ground by rutting and tearing of grass does not allow the realization of successive tests under the same conditions.
  • Another solution is to achieve a soil likely to have the same properties as a snowy and / or wet floor on one side of the vehicle, and a conventional road grip floor on the other side.
  • the FR2760090 which describes a device capable of reproducing road conditions of heterogeneous adhesion for land vehicle tests and which comprises two parallel strips of different coating, one consisting of a mix and the other of polished basalt plates or by glass blocks having spherical caps.
  • the coefficient of adhesion of a tire is about 0.6 to 0.8 for the mix, 0.3 for the basalt and 0.2 for the pavers. glasses. It is thus possible to simulate, respectively, a standard road surface, packed snow and ice.
  • a portion of the water can be projected in greater quantities from one of the bands to the other during the passage of the vehicle, which can change the coefficient of adhesion of the wheels on these bands, the wheels located at the front then not having the same coefficient of adhesion as those at the rear.
  • the coefficient of adhesion that is to say the ratio, on a wheel, of the maximum longitudinal, transverse or compound force on the vertical force, thus obtained on the low-adhesion side, is of the order of 0.2 cc. which is closer to the ice than snow, so too low in many cases for representative tests of snowy or wet grassy ground.
  • the adhesion of the wet track can, for its part, be at best of the order of 0.8, but more generally will be located in the 0.6 to 0.7 zone, which is also too weak to be representative of the maximum grip possible on roads.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a device capable of reproducing heterogeneous adhesion characteristics of a vehicle and comprising at least two treads of different nature and disposed in proximity, in particular one for reproduce the adhesion characteristics of a snow-covered or wet-grass ground and the other to reproduce a strong adhesion, this device does not require watering, avoiding a reduction of the adhesion by proximity pollution with the part low adhesion, being able to be used whatever the season and whose high adhesion is not weakened by the proximity with the low-grip part.
  • the solution provided is a device capable of reproducing characteristics of heterogeneous adhesion of a vehicle and comprising at least two treads of different nature and characterized in that the first strip comprises a coating on which are arranged several layers of elements. spherical, the spherical elements of the upper layers being able to roll relative to each other, while the second band comprises a coating on which is placed a so-called draining asphalt, consisting of first aggregates and having a minimum of 20% voids communicating.
  • this mix is studded with second aggregates of size at least equal to the aggregates of the so-called draining mix.
  • the spherical elements consist of microbeads and / or microspheres, preferably ranging in size from 200 to 4000 micrometers, and / or the coating has surface asperities allowing microbeads of the lower to stay there.
  • the second aggregates of the second band are, at least in part, constituted by aggregates of particle size 10/14 or 10/18.
  • the granulometry of the first granules has a discontinuity, the first aggregates of the second band being able, at least in part, to be constituted by aggregates of 0/14 particle size with discontinuity 4/10, or 0/10 with discontinuity 2/6, or 0/6 with discontinuity 2/4.
  • the first and second strips are separated by a separation zone capable of limiting the projection of the balls of the first band towards the second and / or of trapping them, this zone possibly comprising a partition and / or a gutter.
  • the invention also relates to a test track of the heterogeneous vehicle adhesion comprising a device according to the invention and having a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, characterized in that it comprises transversely, at least one passage of the first band at the second or vice versa and / or longitudinally at least one passage from the first band to the second or vice versa, this track can be at least partly covered.
  • the method comprises an additional step of hot-pressing the draining mix with aggregates.
  • the figure 1 shows a diagram of said first band 1 according to the embodiment described.
  • This band 1 is able to reproduce the adhesion characteristics of a vehicle on a snow-covered ground or covered with wet grass. It consists of a coating 3 on which are arranged microbeads 2 on several thicknesses or layers 4, 5, 6. These microbeads are free on the coating and also between them.
  • the coating is made of calcareous sand whose accelerated polishing coefficient is 0.37 and the percentage of cement approximately 6.5% by mass.
  • This coating is perfectly flat but it has roughnesses whose function is to prevent the driving of all the microbeads during the passage of a vehicle.
  • the microbeads 2 are, in this embodiment, all of substantially the same diameter, ie about 1000 micrometers. The quantity is sufficient to ensure a total thickness of the microbeads of 3 to 4 mm.
  • the coefficient of adhesion increases from 0.3 to 0.4.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2c show diagrams of the second band 10 of the device according to this embodiment of the invention.
  • This second strip 10 comprises a coating 11, possibly the same as that of the first strip, a tread 12.
  • this tread 12 is constituted by a draining mix 13 consisting of granules and binders known chosen and having due to its drainability of many cavities, at least 20% of communicating voids, which can accommodate the microbeads 2 possibly spread during the preparing or using the overall device, which avoids a lowering of adhesion; this mix consists of 0/14 size aggregates with 4/10 discontinuity (aggregates 16).
  • the chosen binder has a high resistance to tearing.
  • the thickness of the wearing course 12, which should preferably be between 30 and 50 mm, is 45 mm.
  • the tread 12 preferably comprises second aggregates on its upper face. These aggregates are attached to the mixture 13 by hot nailing. The size of these second aggregates is greater than that of the aggregates 15, 16 contained in the drain coating 13, in this case 14/18.
  • the figure 3 shows a diagram of the separation zone between the first band 1 and the second band 10 according to a particular embodiment.
  • This zone comprises two partitions 18, whose height is slightly greater than that of the draining mix 13 and one of which is disposed against the first band 1 and the other against the second band and they are themselves separated by a channel 19 having a grid on its upper part, the meshes of this grid having a size greater than that of microbeads 2.
  • This channel 19 is to recover the balls that would be projected towards the second band during the passage of the vehicle.
  • the withdrawal of the microbeads projected from the second may be also perform at this frequency, while it can be performed at a rate four to five times lower, or even less, in the presence of a gutter 15cm wide.
  • the figure 4 has a track 20 comprising a device according to the invention, that is to say a first band 1 with microbeads and a second band 10 high adhesion whose tread is constituted by a draining coating studded with a second granulate larger size, namely size 10/14.
  • the track 20 comprises, on one side of the axis, successively a first band 1 able to reproduce the characteristics of a snowy ground then a second band 10 highly adherent, while it comprises a second highly adherent band 10 then a first band 1 and again a highly adherent band 10 on the other side.
  • the track 20 comprises a first zone with two different bands 1,10, then a second zone with the first band 1, then a third zone with two different bands but whose position is reversed with respect to the first zone, and finally a fourth zone with only a highly adherent band 10.
  • the track could have the form of a disk or a rolling circuit sufficiently wide to be able to perform tests of baffles and turns, thus allowing to check the behavior of curved vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Steering Devices For Bicycles And Motorcycles (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)

Abstract

The device has primary and secondary tire treads (1, 10) with different nature, where the tread (1) has one lining on which multiple spherical unit layers are arranged one above the other. The spherical units roll with respect to each other. The tread (10) has another lining on which an open-textured asphaltic concrete constituted of multiple aggregates and twenty percent of communication holes, is arranged. Independent claims are also included for the following: (a) a track for testing the heterogeneous grip of a vehicle having a heterogeneous grip characteristics reproducing device (b) a method for fabricating a track suitable to reproduce the heterogeneous grip characteristic of a vehicle.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des essais d'adhérence des véhicules, en particulier équipés de système de contrôle de la stabilité, de la motricité ou du freinage, sur un sol à adhérence hétérogène, soit dissymétrique par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du véhicule lorsque les roues d'un côté du véhicule sont sur un sol sec tandis que celle de l'autre côté sont sur un sol enneigé ou herbeux humide, soit subissant une variation brutale d'adhérence telle, par exemple, lors du passage d'une adhérence sol sec à une basse adhérence ou réciproquement ; Cette invention a pour objet un dispositif et un procédé associé, apte à reproduire les caractéristiques d'adhérence de tels sols.The present invention relates to the field of vehicle adhesion tests, in particular equipped with a system for controlling stability, traction or braking, on a heterogeneously adhered soil, which is asymmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. when the wheels on one side of the vehicle are on dry ground while the wheels on the other side are on a snowy or wet grassy ground, either undergoing a sudden variation of adhesion such, for example, during the passage of a dry soil adhesion at low adhesion or vice versa; The subject of the invention is a device and an associated method capable of reproducing the adhesion characteristics of such soils.

Pour réaliser des essais de véhicule par exemple sur sol à adhérence hétérogène et dissymétrique enneigé d'une part et sur enrobés bitumineux routiers d'autre part, la solution la plus simple consiste à les réaliser sur un tel sol, ce qui impose un dégagement partiel d'une route couverte de neige. Cette solution est techniquement possible mais les essais ne peuvent être réalisés que l'hiver et sur des lieux géographiques très spécifiques. De plus, les conditions de neige sont variables en fonction de la température extérieure et de l'ensoleillement, ce qui ne garantit pas la reproductibilité des conditions d'essais. Il faut, par ailleurs, assécher la partie à haute adhérence ce qui pose des problèmes vite insolubles.In order to carry out vehicle tests, for example, on heterogeneous, snow-covered, asymmetrical adhering surfaces on the one hand and road asphalts on the other hand, the simplest solution consists in producing them on such a soil, which imposes a partial release. a road covered with snow. This solution is technically possible, but testing can only be done in winter and in very specific geographical locations. In addition, the snow conditions are variable depending on the outside temperature and sunshine, which does not guarantee the reproducibility of the test conditions. It is also necessary to dry the high adhesion part which poses problems quickly insoluble.

Une autre solution consiste à réaliser des essais lors desquels le véhicule roule à cheval sur une route et un terrain herbeux mouillé. Cette solution est également techniquement acceptable mais la dégradation rapide du terrain herbeux par orniérage et arrachement d'herbe ne permet pas la réalisation d'essais successifs dans les mêmes conditions.Another solution consists in carrying out tests in which the vehicle rides on a road and a wet grassy ground. This solution is also technically acceptable but the rapid degradation of the grassy ground by rutting and tearing of grass does not allow the realization of successive tests under the same conditions.

Une autre solution consiste à réaliser un sol susceptible d'avoir les mêmes propriétés qu'un sol enneigé et/ou humide d'un côté du véhicule, et un sol à adhérence routière usuelle de l'autre côté. A ce titre on connaît le brevet FR2760090 qui décrit un dispositif apte à reproduire des conditions routières d'adhérence hétérogène pour des essais de véhicules terrestres et qui comporte deux bandes parallèles dont le revêtement est différent, l'une étant constituée par un enrobé et l'autre par des plaques de basaltine polies ou par des pavés de verres comportant des calottes sphériques.Another solution is to achieve a soil likely to have the same properties as a snowy and / or wet floor on one side of the vehicle, and a conventional road grip floor on the other side. As such we know the FR2760090 which describes a device capable of reproducing road conditions of heterogeneous adhesion for land vehicle tests and which comprises two parallel strips of different coating, one consisting of a mix and the other of polished basalt plates or by glass blocks having spherical caps.

Lorsque ces revêtements sont mouillés, le coefficient d'adhérence d'un pneu est d'environ 0,6 à 0,8 pour l'enrobé, 0,3 pour la basaltine et 0,2 pour les pavés de verres. Il est ainsi possible de simuler, respectivement, un revêtement routier standard, de la neige tassée et de la glace.When these coatings are wet, the coefficient of adhesion of a tire is about 0.6 to 0.8 for the mix, 0.3 for the basalt and 0.2 for the pavers. glasses. It is thus possible to simulate, respectively, a standard road surface, packed snow and ice.

Toutefois, on constate que lors des essais d'un tel dispositif, les différentes bandes doivent être mouillées avec la quantité juste nécessaire d'eau ce qui complique notablement son utilisation en cas de pluie et ne permet pas son utilisation en cas de gel à moins d'y adjoindre des produits antigel qui peuvent eux-mêmes influer sur la qualité de l'adhérence et donc rendre aléatoires les résultats d'essais.However, it is found that during the tests of such a device, the different strips must be wetted with the just needed amount of water which greatly complicates its use in case of rain and does not allow its use in case of frost unless add anti-freeze products that can themselves affect the quality of the adhesion and thus randomize the test results.

Enfin, une partie de l'eau peut être projetée en plus grande quantité de l'une des bandes vers l'autre lors du passage du véhicule, ce qui peut modifier le coefficient d'adhérence des roues sur ces bandes, les roues situées à l'avant n'ayant alors pas le même coefficient d'adhérence que celles situées à l'arrière.Finally, a portion of the water can be projected in greater quantities from one of the bands to the other during the passage of the vehicle, which can change the coefficient of adhesion of the wheels on these bands, the wheels located at the front then not having the same coefficient of adhesion as those at the rear.

Le coefficient d'adhérence, c'est-à-dire le rapport, sur une roue, de l'effort maximal longitudinal, transversal ou composé sur la force verticale, ainsi obtenu du côté à basse adhérence est de l'ordre de 0.2 ce qui est plus proche du verglas que de la neige, donc trop faible dans de nombreux cas pour les essais représentatifs d'un sol enneigé ou herbeux mouillé. L'adhérence de la piste humide pourra, quant à elle, être au mieux de l'ordre de 0.8, mais plus généralement sera située dans la zone des 0.6 à 0.7, ce qui est également trop faible pour être représentatif de l'adhérence maximale possible sur routes.The coefficient of adhesion, that is to say the ratio, on a wheel, of the maximum longitudinal, transverse or compound force on the vertical force, thus obtained on the low-adhesion side, is of the order of 0.2 cc. which is closer to the ice than snow, so too low in many cases for representative tests of snowy or wet grassy ground. The adhesion of the wet track can, for its part, be at best of the order of 0.8, but more generally will be located in the 0.6 to 0.7 zone, which is also too weak to be representative of the maximum grip possible on roads.

Finalement, de telles pistes ne sont pas suffisamment représentatives de conditions extrêmes d'hétérogénéité d'adhérence.Finally, such tracks are not sufficiently representative of extreme conditions of adhesion heterogeneity.

Les solutions les plus récemment employées sont par ailleurs très onéreuses tant pour leur réalisation que pour leur mise en oeuvre nécessitant notamment des servitudes comme un arrosage continu et régulier.The most recently used solutions are also very expensive both for their implementation and for their implementation requiring such servitudes as a continuous and regular watering.

D'autres solutions moins onéreuses consistent en un revêtement de béton avec une finition très lisse, par exemple par polissage de la surface. Le coefficient d'adhérence obtenu par arrosage est d'environ 0.3 à 0.5, ce qui est proche de celui sur un sol enneigé ; cependant la valeur dudit coefficient n'est pas modifiable et la présence nécessaire de joints de dilatation provoque des variations dudit coefficient néfaste pour la précision des essais. De plus, cette solution implique des risques de reprise d'adhérence sur les joints de dilatation ainsi qu'une non homogénéité de l'adhérence. L'autre côté de la piste, à forte adhérence, subit les mêmes contraintes que précédemment : arrosage du fait de la proximité, d'où un maximum d'adhérence de l'ordre de 0.8.Other less expensive solutions consist of a concrete coating with a very smooth finish, for example by polishing the surface. The coefficient of adhesion obtained by watering is about 0.3 to 0.5, which is close to that on a snowy ground; however the value of said coefficient is not modifiable and the necessary presence of expansion joints causes variations in said coefficient harmful to the accuracy of the tests. In addition, this solution involves the risk of adhesion recovery on the expansion joints as well as non-homogeneity of the adhesion. The other side of the track, with strong adhesion, undergoes the same constraints than previously: watering because of proximity, where a maximum of adhesion of the order of 0.8.

Les lacunes principales des pistes actuelles à adhérence hétérogène sont donc :

  • une partie à haute adhérence dont le coefficient d'adhérence est nécessairement réduit à celui d'une piste à enrobés humide ou mouillée,
  • une partie à faible adhérence dont l'adhérence est soit trop faible, soit d'un niveau peu homogène,
  • un coût de réalisation de l'infrastructure important car nécessitant des matériaux (basalte, faïence, verre) et procédés particuliers de pose plus onéreux que ceux d'une piste standard ; par ailleurs, le coût est augmenté du fait de la mise en place impérative d'un système d'arrosage et de récupération des eaux.
The main shortcomings of the current heterogeneous adhesion tracks are therefore:
  • a high adhesion part whose coefficient of adhesion is necessarily reduced to that of a wet or wet asphalt track,
  • a low adhesion part whose adhesion is either too weak or of a non-homogeneous level,
  • a cost of implementing the important infrastructure because it requires materials (basalt, earthenware, glass) and special installation methods more expensive than those of a standard track; moreover, the cost is increased because of the imperative installation of a watering and water recovery system.

Le but de l'invention est de remédier aux inconvénients précités en proposant un dispositif apte à reproduire des caractéristiques d'adhérence hétérogène d'un véhicule et comportant au moins deux bandes de roulement de nature différente et disposées à proximité, notamment l'une pour reproduire les caractéristiques d'adhérence d'un sol enneigé ou recouvert d'herbe humide et l'autre pour reproduire une forte adhérence, ce dispositif ne nécessitant pas d'arrosage, évitant un abaissement de l'adhérence par pollution de proximité avec la partie basse adhérence, étant apte à être utilisé quelle que soit la saison et dont la haute adhérence n'est pas affaiblie par la proximité avec la partie à basse adhérence.The object of the invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a device capable of reproducing heterogeneous adhesion characteristics of a vehicle and comprising at least two treads of different nature and disposed in proximity, in particular one for reproduce the adhesion characteristics of a snow-covered or wet-grass ground and the other to reproduce a strong adhesion, this device does not require watering, avoiding a reduction of the adhesion by proximity pollution with the part low adhesion, being able to be used whatever the season and whose high adhesion is not weakened by the proximity with the low-grip part.

La solution apportée est un dispositif apte à reproduire des caractéristiques d'adhérence hétérogène d'un véhicule et comportant au moins deux bandes de roulement de nature différente et caractérisé en ce que la première bande comporte un revêtement sur lequel sont disposées plusieurs couches d'éléments sphériques, les éléments sphériques des couches supérieures étant aptes à rouler les une par rapport aux autres, tandis que la deuxième bande comporte un revêtement sur lequel est disposé un enrobé, dit drainant, constitué de premiers granulats et comportant un minimum de 20% de vides communicants.The solution provided is a device capable of reproducing characteristics of heterogeneous adhesion of a vehicle and comprising at least two treads of different nature and characterized in that the first strip comprises a coating on which are arranged several layers of elements. spherical, the spherical elements of the upper layers being able to roll relative to each other, while the second band comprises a coating on which is placed a so-called draining asphalt, consisting of first aggregates and having a minimum of 20% voids communicating.

La présence de plusieurs couches d'éléments sphériques disposées les unes au-dessus des autres permet, d'une part, d'améliorer considérablement la qualité de la reproduction des caractéristiques d'adhérence d'un véhicule sur un sol enneigé ou recouvert d'herbe humide par rapport à un ensemble monocouche et, d'autre part, de permettre l'utilisation de revêtements les plus divers car, notamment, l'importance de leur état de surface est considérablement réduite.The presence of several layers of spherical elements arranged one above the other makes it possible, on the one hand, to considerably improve the quality of the reproduction of the adhesion characteristics of a vehicle on a snow-covered ground or covered with wet grass compared to a monolayer assembly and, secondly, to allow the use of various coatings because, in particular, the importance of their surface condition is significantly reduced.

Selon une caractéristique préférentielle, cet enrobé est clouté par des seconds granulats de taille au moins égale aux granulats de l'enrobé dit drainant.According to a preferred characteristic, this mix is studded with second aggregates of size at least equal to the aggregates of the so-called draining mix.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, les éléments sphériques sont constitués par des microbilles et/ou des microsphères, de préférence dont la taille est comprise entre 200 et 4000 micromètres et/ou le revêtement comporte des aspérités en surface permettant à des microbilles de la couche inférieure de s'y loger.According to one particular characteristic, the spherical elements consist of microbeads and / or microspheres, preferably ranging in size from 200 to 4000 micrometers, and / or the coating has surface asperities allowing microbeads of the lower to stay there.

Selon une caractéristique additionnelle permettant d'accroitre l'adhérence de la seconde bande et de limiter la pollution de cette bande par des éléments de l'autre, les seconds granulats de la seconde bande sont, au moins en partie, constitués par des granulats de granulométrie 10/14 ou 10/18.According to an additional characteristic making it possible to increase the adhesion of the second band and to limit the pollution of this band by elements of the other band, the second aggregates of the second band are, at least in part, constituted by aggregates of particle size 10/14 or 10/18.

Selon une autre caractéristique permettant d'augmenter la résistance de l'enrobage drainant, la granulométrie des premiers granulats présente une discontinuité, les premiers granulats de la seconde bande pouvant, au moins en partie, être constitués par des granulats de granulométrie 0/14 avec discontinuité 4/10, ou 0/10 avec discontinuité 2/6, ou 0/6 avec discontinuité 2/4.According to another characteristic making it possible to increase the resistance of the draining coating, the granulometry of the first granules has a discontinuity, the first aggregates of the second band being able, at least in part, to be constituted by aggregates of 0/14 particle size with discontinuity 4/10, or 0/10 with discontinuity 2/6, or 0/6 with discontinuity 2/4.

Selon une autre caractéristique, les premières et deuxièmes bandes sont séparées par une zone de séparation apte à limiter la projection des billes de la première bande vers la seconde et/ou de les piéger, cette zone pouvant comporter une cloison et/ou un caniveau.According to another characteristic, the first and second strips are separated by a separation zone capable of limiting the projection of the balls of the first band towards the second and / or of trapping them, this zone possibly comprising a partition and / or a gutter.

L'invention concerne aussi une piste d'essais de l'adhérence hétérogène de véhicule comportant un dispositif selon l'invention et présentant un axe longitudinal et un axe transversal, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comporte transversalement, au moins un passage de la première bande à la deuxième ou vice-versa et/ou longitudinalement au moins un passage de la première bande à la seconde ou vice-versa, cette piste pouvant être au moins en partie, couverte.The invention also relates to a test track of the heterogeneous vehicle adhesion comprising a device according to the invention and having a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, characterized in that it comprises transversely, at least one passage of the first band at the second or vice versa and / or longitudinally at least one passage from the first band to the second or vice versa, this track can be at least partly covered.

Par ailleurs, l'invention concerne aussi un procédé de réalisation d'une piste apte à reproduire des caractéristiques d'adhérence hétérogène d'un véhicule et consistant :

  • à réaliser un revêtement
  • à couler, sur une première partie de ce revêtement un enrobé drainant comportant un minimum de 20% de vides communicants
  • à disposer sur une deuxième partie du revêtement situé à proximité de la première partie plusieurs couches d'éléments sphériques.
Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for producing a track capable of reproducing heterogeneous adhesion characteristics of a vehicle and consisting of:
  • to achieve a coating
  • to pour, on a first part of this coating, a draining mix comprising a minimum of 20% of communicating voids
  • arranging on a second portion of the coating located near the first part several layers of spherical elements.

Selon une caractéristique le procédé comporte une étape supplémentaire consistant à clouter à chaud l'enrobé drainant avec des granulats.According to one characteristic, the method comprises an additional step of hot-pressing the draining mix with aggregates.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques apparaîtront dans la description de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention au regard des figures annexées parmi lesquelles :

  • La figure 1 montre un schéma de la première bande d'un dispositif selon l'invention
  • Les figure 2a à 2c présentent des schémas de la seconde bande d'un dispositif selon l'invention.
  • La figure 3 montre un schéma de la zone de séparation entre la première bande et la seconde selon un mode particulier de réalisation
  • La figure 4 présente une piste d'essais comportant un dispositif selon l'invention,
Other advantages and characteristics will become apparent in the description of particular embodiments of the invention with reference to the appended figures among which:
  • The figure 1 shows a diagram of the first band of a device according to the invention
  • The Figure 2a to 2c show diagrams of the second band of a device according to the invention.
  • The figure 3 shows a diagram of the separation zone between the first band and the second according to a particular embodiment
  • The figure 4 presents a test track comprising a device according to the invention,

La figure 1 présente un schéma de ladite première bande 1 selon le mode de réalisation décrit. Cette bande 1 est apte à reproduire les caractéristiques d'adhérence d'un véhicule sur un sol enneigé ou recouvert d'herbe humide. Elle est constituée d'un revêtement 3 sur lequel sont disposées des microbilles 2 sur plusieurs épaisseurs ou couches 4, 5, 6. Ces microbilles sont libres sur le revêtement et également entre elles.The figure 1 shows a diagram of said first band 1 according to the embodiment described. This band 1 is able to reproduce the adhesion characteristics of a vehicle on a snow-covered ground or covered with wet grass. It consists of a coating 3 on which are arranged microbeads 2 on several thicknesses or layers 4, 5, 6. These microbeads are free on the coating and also between them.

Le revêtement est réalisé en sable ciment calcaire dont le coefficient de polissage accéléré est de 0.37 et le pourcentage de ciment d'environ 6,5% en masse.The coating is made of calcareous sand whose accelerated polishing coefficient is 0.37 and the percentage of cement approximately 6.5% by mass.

Ce revêtement est parfaitement plat mais il présente des aspérités dont la fonction est d'empêcher l'entraînement de toutes les microbilles lors du passage d'un véhicule.This coating is perfectly flat but it has roughnesses whose function is to prevent the driving of all the microbeads during the passage of a vehicle.

Les microbilles 2 sont, dans cet exemple de réalisation, toutes sensiblement de même diamètre, soit environ 1000 micromètres. La quantité est suffisante pour assurer une épaisseur totale des microbilles de 3 à 4mm.The microbeads 2 are, in this embodiment, all of substantially the same diameter, ie about 1000 micrometers. The quantity is sufficient to ensure a total thickness of the microbeads of 3 to 4 mm.

Pour modifier le coefficient d'adhérence il suffit de modifier la taille des microbilles. Ainsi en remplaçant les microbilles d'un diamètre de 1000 micromètres par des microbilles d'un diamètre compris entre 400 et 800 micromètres, le coefficient d'adhérence passe de 0,3 à 0,4.To modify the coefficient of adhesion, it is sufficient to modify the size of the microbeads. Thus, by replacing the microbeads with a diameter of 1000 microns with microbeads with a diameter of between 400 and 800 micrometers, the coefficient of adhesion increases from 0.3 to 0.4.

Les figures 2a à 2c présentent des schémas de la seconde bande 10 du dispositif selon ce mode de réalisation de l'invention.The Figures 2a to 2c show diagrams of the second band 10 of the device according to this embodiment of the invention.

Cette seconde bande 10 comporte un revêtement 11, éventuellement le même que celui de la première bande, une bande de roulement 12. Dans le cadre des figures 2a et 2b cette bande de roulement 12 est constituée par un enrobé drainant 13 constitué de granulats et liants connus choisis et disposant du fait de sa drainabilité de nombreuses cavités, au minimum 20% de vides communicants, où peuvent se loger les microbilles 2 éventuellement répandues lors de la préparation ou de l'utilisation du dispositif global, ce qui évite un abaissement d'adhérence ; cet enrobé est constitué de granulats 15 de taille 0/14 avec discontinuité 4/10 (granulats 16). Le liant choisi a une résistance importante à l'arrachement. L'épaisseur de la couche de roulement 12, qui préférablement doit être comprise entre 30 et 50 mm, est de 45mm.This second strip 10 comprises a coating 11, possibly the same as that of the first strip, a tread 12. Figures 2a and 2b this tread 12 is constituted by a draining mix 13 consisting of granules and binders known chosen and having due to its drainability of many cavities, at least 20% of communicating voids, which can accommodate the microbeads 2 possibly spread during the preparing or using the overall device, which avoids a lowering of adhesion; this mix consists of 0/14 size aggregates with 4/10 discontinuity (aggregates 16). The chosen binder has a high resistance to tearing. The thickness of the wearing course 12, which should preferably be between 30 and 50 mm, is 45 mm.

Comme montré sur la figure 2c, la bande de roulement 12 comporte, préférentiellement, des seconds granulats sur sa face supérieure. Ces granulats sont fixés à l'enrobé 13 par cloutage à chaud. La taille de ces seconds granulats est supérieure à celle des granulats 15, 16 contenu dans l'enrobage drainant 13, en l'occurrence 14/18.As shown on the Figure 2c , the tread 12 preferably comprises second aggregates on its upper face. These aggregates are attached to the mixture 13 by hot nailing. The size of these second aggregates is greater than that of the aggregates 15, 16 contained in the drain coating 13, in this case 14/18.

La figure 3 montre un schéma de la zone de séparation entre la première bande 1 et la seconde 10 selon un mode particulier de réalisation.The figure 3 shows a diagram of the separation zone between the first band 1 and the second band 10 according to a particular embodiment.

Cette zone comporte deux cloisons 18, dont la hauteur est légèrement supérieure à celle de l'enrobé drainant 13 et dont l'une est disposée contre la première bande 1 et l'autre contre la seconde bande et elles sont elles-mêmes séparées par un caniveau 19 comportant une grille sur sa partie supérieure, les mailles de cette grille ayant une taille supérieure à celle des microbilles 2.This zone comprises two partitions 18, whose height is slightly greater than that of the draining mix 13 and one of which is disposed against the first band 1 and the other against the second band and they are themselves separated by a channel 19 having a grid on its upper part, the meshes of this grid having a size greater than that of microbeads 2.

La fonction de ce caniveau 19 est de récupérer les billes qui seraient projetées en direction de la seconde bande lors du passage du véhicule.The function of this channel 19 is to recover the balls that would be projected towards the second band during the passage of the vehicle.

Dans le cas, où une partie des microbilles 2 projetées le seraient au-delà du caniveau 19, ces microbilles s'infiltreraient dans les cavités de l'enrobé drainant 13 puis entre les seconds granulats 17, comme montré sur les figures 2b et 2c.In the case, where a part of the projected microbeads 2 would be beyond the channel 19, these microbeads would infiltrate the cavities of the draining mix 13 and then between the second aggregates 17, as shown in FIGS. Figures 2b and 2c .

Bien évidemment, lorsque les billes projetées sur la seconde bande 10 vont au-delà de la hauteur des seconds granulats 17, il est nécessaire de les enlever. Sachant que la hauteur des microbilles de la première bande doit être égalisée sur toute la bande tous les vingt passages, environ, de véhicules, on peut considérer qu'en l'absence de caniveau, le retrait des microbilles projetées de la seconde peut s'effectuer aussi à cette fréquence, alors qu'elle peut s'effectuer à une cadence quatre à cinq fois inférieure, voire encore moindre, en présence d'un caniveau de 15cm de largeur.Of course, when the balls projected on the second strip 10 go beyond the height of the second aggregates 17, it is necessary to remove them. Knowing that the height of the microbeads of the first band must be equalized over the entire band every twenty or so passages of vehicles, it can be considered that in the absence of gutter, the withdrawal of the microbeads projected from the second may be also perform at this frequency, while it can be performed at a rate four to five times lower, or even less, in the presence of a gutter 15cm wide.

La figure 4 présente une piste 20 comportant un dispositif selon l'invention, c'est-à-dire une première bande 1 avec des microbilles et une seconde bande 10 à haute adhérence dont la bande de roulement est constituée par un enrobage drainant clouté avec un second granulat de plus grosse taille, à savoir taille 10/14.The figure 4 has a track 20 comprising a device according to the invention, that is to say a first band 1 with microbeads and a second band 10 high adhesion whose tread is constituted by a draining coating studded with a second granulate larger size, namely size 10/14.

On peut définir, sur cette piste, un axe longitudinal XX' qui sépare la piste en deux parties de dimensions sensiblement égales et un axe transversal YY'.It is possible to define, on this track, a longitudinal axis XX 'which separates the track into two parts of substantially equal dimensions and a transverse axis YY'.

Selon l'axe longitudinal XX', la piste 20 comporte, d'un côté de l'axe, successivement une première bande 1 apte à reproduire les caractéristiques d'un sol enneigé puis une seconde bande 10 hautement adhérent, tandis qu'il comporte une seconde bande hautement adhérente 10 puis une première bande 1 et à nouveau une bande hautement adhérente 10 de l'autre côté.Along the longitudinal axis XX ', the track 20 comprises, on one side of the axis, successively a first band 1 able to reproduce the characteristics of a snowy ground then a second band 10 highly adherent, while it comprises a second highly adherent band 10 then a first band 1 and again a highly adherent band 10 on the other side.

Transversalement, la piste 20 comporte une première zone avec deux bandes différentes 1,10, puis une deuxième zone avec la première bande 1, puis une troisième zone avec deux bandes différentes mais dont la position est inversée par rapport à la première zone, et enfin une quatrième zone avec uniquement une bande hautement adhérente 10.Transversally, the track 20 comprises a first zone with two different bands 1,10, then a second zone with the first band 1, then a third zone with two different bands but whose position is reversed with respect to the first zone, and finally a fourth zone with only a highly adherent band 10.

Avec une telle piste 20, il est possible notamment de tester, lors d'un déplacement dans une direction longitudinale du véhicule,

  • les conditions de comportement du véhicule dans des conditions d'adhérence hétérogènes (première et troisième zone)
  • les conditions de comportement du véhicule dans des conditions d'adhérence homogènes, sur un sol fortement adhérent pour la quatrième zone et sur un sol reproduisant les caractéristiques d'un sol enneigé sur la seconde zone.
With such a track 20, it is possible in particular to test, during a displacement in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle,
  • the conditions of behavior of the vehicle under heterogeneous adherence conditions (first and third zone)
  • the conditions of behavior of the vehicle under conditions of homogeneous adhesion, on a strongly adherent soil for the fourth zone and on a soil reproducing the characteristics of a snowy ground on the second zone.

Pour remettre en état la piste, il suffit de passer d'une part un véhicule traînant un grillage pour rendre homogène la hauteur des microbilles de la première bande et d'autre part un véhicule apte à aspirer les microbilles sur la seconde bande fortement adhérente.To restore the track, it is sufficient to pass on the one hand a vehicle trailing a grid to make homogeneous the height of the microbeads of the first band and secondly a vehicle able to suck the microbeads on the second strongly adherent band.

Enfin, pour éviter que le coefficient d'adhérence ne soit modifié par la pluie, il est préférable de couvrir la piste.Finally, to prevent the coefficient of adhesion from being modified by rain, it is better to cover the track.

De nombreuses modifications peuvent être apportées aux variantes de réalisation décrites sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Ainsi la piste pourrait avoir la une forme de disque ou d'un circuit de roulage suffisamment large pour pouvoir effectuer des tests de chicanes et de virages, permettant ainsi de vérifier le comportement des véhicules en courbe.Many modifications can be made to the embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus the track could have the form of a disk or a rolling circuit sufficiently wide to be able to perform tests of baffles and turns, thus allowing to check the behavior of curved vehicles.

Par ailleurs, pour reproduire différents états de la neige, il peut être prévu d'utiliser simultanément plusieurs tailles de microbilles ou de microsphères.Moreover, to reproduce different states of the snow, it can be expected to simultaneously use several sizes of microbeads or microspheres.

Claims (14)

  1. Device capable of reproducing heterogeneous adherence characteristics of a vehicle and having at least two running strips of a different kind and characterised in that the first strip has a first covering on which a plurality of layers of spherical elements are arranged, the spherical elements of the upper layers being capable of rolling relative to one another, whereas the second strip has a second covering on which a pervious mix, composed of first aggregates and having a minimum of 20% of interconnecting voids, is arranged.
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the said mix is embedded with second aggregates of a size at least equal to the aggregates of the pervious mix.
  3. Device according to either one of Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the spherical elements (2) are composed of microballs and/or microspheres, the size of which is preferably between 200 and 4000 micrometres.
  4. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the covering (1) has rough protuberances (3) at the surface, enabling microballs of the lower layer to lodge therein.
  5. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the second aggregates of the second strip are, at least partly, composed of aggregates of size grading 10/14 or 10/18.
  6. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the size grading of the first aggregates exhibits a discontinuity.
  7. Device according to Claim 6, characterised in that the first aggregates of the second strip are, at least partly, composed of aggregates of size grading 0/14 with discontinuity 4/10, or 0/10 with discontinuity 2/6, or 0/6 with discontinuity 2/4.
  8. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the first and second strips are separated by a separating zone capable of limiting the projection of the balls of the first strip towards the second and/or of trapping them.
  9. Device according to Claim 8, characterised in that the separating zone has a partition.
  10. Device according to Claim 8, characterised in that the separating zone has a channel (19).
  11. Track for testing the heterogeneous adherence of a vehicle, comprising a device according to any one of the preceding claims and having a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, characterised in that it has, transversely, at least one passage from the first strip to the second or vice versa and/or, longitudinally, at least one passage from the first strip to the second or vice versa.
  12. Track according to Claim 11, characterised in that it is, at least partly, covered.
  13. Method of producing a track capable of reproducing heterogeneous adherence characteristics of a vehicle comprising:
    - producing a covering
    - pouring, on a first part of this covering, a pervious mix having a minimum of 20% of interconnecting voids
    - arranging on a second part of the covering situated close to the first part a plurality of layers of spherical elements.
  14. Method according to Claim 13, characterised in that it has an additional step comprising hot embedding the pervious mix with aggregates.
EP04291724A 2003-07-31 2004-07-08 Device for reproducing the heterogeneous road adhesion characteristic of a vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP1502997B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0309416 2003-07-31
FR0309416A FR2858337B1 (en) 2003-07-31 2003-07-31 DEVICE FOR REPRODUCING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HETEROGENEOUS ADHERENCE OF A VEHICLE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1502997A1 EP1502997A1 (en) 2005-02-02
EP1502997B1 true EP1502997B1 (en) 2008-08-27

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EP04291724A Expired - Lifetime EP1502997B1 (en) 2003-07-31 2004-07-08 Device for reproducing the heterogeneous road adhesion characteristic of a vehicle

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EP (1) EP1502997B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE406479T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004016085D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2309472T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2858337B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR1005587B (en) * 2007-02-20 2007-07-16 Ανδρεας Στρατηγακης Controlled-adhesion road pavement
CN107543791A (en) * 2017-09-11 2018-01-05 南京林业大学 The evaluation method of adhesive property between crushed stone sealing medium stone and pitch

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2760090B1 (en) * 1997-02-25 1999-05-14 Peugeot MULTI-GRIP TEST TRACK
FR2809422B1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2003-08-01 France Etat DEVICE CAPABLE OF REPRODUCING THE ADHESION CHARACTERISTICS OF A VEHICLE ON A SNOW-COVERED OR COVERED GROUND

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Publication number Publication date
DE602004016085D1 (en) 2008-10-09
ES2309472T3 (en) 2008-12-16
FR2858337B1 (en) 2005-10-14
ATE406479T1 (en) 2008-09-15
EP1502997A1 (en) 2005-02-02
FR2858337A1 (en) 2005-02-04

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