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EP1599499A2 - Peptides antimicrobiens periodiques - Google Patents

Peptides antimicrobiens periodiques

Info

Publication number
EP1599499A2
EP1599499A2 EP04775797A EP04775797A EP1599499A2 EP 1599499 A2 EP1599499 A2 EP 1599499A2 EP 04775797 A EP04775797 A EP 04775797A EP 04775797 A EP04775797 A EP 04775797A EP 1599499 A2 EP1599499 A2 EP 1599499A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
peptide
residues
antimicrobial peptide
antimicrobial
peptides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04775797A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert M. Strom
Philip J. Brondsema
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Dow Global Technologies LLC
Publication of EP1599499A2 publication Critical patent/EP1599499A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4723—Cationic antimicrobial peptides, e.g. defensins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • the invention comprises a novel process for producing periodic peptides,a • s well as the peptides themselves and the use of those peptides in a variety of therapeutic applications, such as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, or anti-tumor agents and other therapeutics, disinfectives, preservatives, and the like.
  • Antimicrobial peptides are common weapons in the natural defense arsenal of many types of organisms, including mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, plants and many microorganisms.
  • Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides are unique sequences that are about 10 to 50 amino acids in length. They tend to be rich in basic amino acids (lysine and arginine) and thus cationic. They are also often amphipathic in nature (i.e., one part of the molecule is hydrophilic while the other part is hydrophobic).
  • mammalian cell membranes The outer leaflet of mammalian cell membranes is almost entirely composed of electrically neutral, zwitterionic phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol.
  • bacterial membranes consist of mainly negatively charged phospholipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin.
  • bacterial cells are susceptible to the cationic antimicrobial peptides, while mammalian cells are not.
  • cancer cells may also differ in their membrane components from normal mammalian cells, making tumor cells susceptible to antimicrobial peptides.
  • Antimicrobial peptides can also be expected to have efficacy against viruses, such as HIN, herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus. However, the mechanism differs slightly. A virus is generally immune to membrane-bursting mechanisms because of the outer protein coat, but several antimicrobial peptides have shown antiviral activity by either blocking fusion of the virus with the host cell wall (thereby preventing transmission of the genetic material into the host cell) or by inhibiting replication of the virus once the host cell wall has been breached.
  • antimicrobial peptides In light of the widespread appearance of pathogens that are drug resistant, there is interest in using antimicrobial peptides as an alternative to typical small molecule drugs if they could be economically produced.
  • a practical limitation to large-scale uses of antimicrobial peptides is that they are expensive to produce iri mass quantities.
  • peptide synthesis is very costly because the peptides are of unique sequence. Each amino acid must be added to a growing peptide chain, usually with less than perfect efficiency. Thus, as chain length increases, yields decrease.
  • D2A21 (FAK-Ea ⁇ AKKFK-KFA-KKFAKFAF) being developed under the trade name DEMEGEL.TM
  • DEMEGEL This unique antimicrobial peptide is an amphipathic ⁇ -helix peptide that uses groups of 4 and 3 amino acids in order to keep the polar and non-polar faces aligned (3.6 residues/turn). It is synthesized by traditional methods, one amino acid at a time.
  • D2A21 has activity against a variety of cell types, including T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis, and P. aeruginosa. Preliminary results have also established anti-tumor activity in a rat prostate adenocarcinoma model, improving the survival rates from 25% to 75%) and not causing any significant toxicities. Although uncertain of the basis for this activity, it is suggested that tumor cell membranes are substantially different from those of normal cells and therefore more susceptible to lysis by antimicrobial peptides (Arlotti (2001)). Finally, D2A21 has also been shown to have activity against the herpes simplex virus (HSN). When mixed with a modified lipid octyl-glycerol, D2A21 was better than five other peptides (including magainins and defensins) against HSN.
  • HSN herpes simplex virus
  • peptides like D2A21 must be made one amino acid at a time, for a cost of about US $50-500/g.
  • nisin is an antimicrobial peptide used in processed dairy products, which sells for approximately $6000/pound of active peptide.
  • An alternative approach is to design peptides that have a several-amino acid repeat unit. The short sequence of amino acids could be synthesized less expensively than a long peptide and the repeat unit oligomerized to reach the full peptide length. Recent efforts using this approach include US5789542 and Javadpour (1996).
  • a process would exist that could inexpensively produce peptides having comparable antimicrobial activity to unique peptides. More desirably, the antimicrobial peptides produced by such a process would not require adherence to the classical ⁇ -helix structure, so that small repeat units of fewer than 7 residues could be used to construct the final peptide. By virtue of their simplicity, the peptides would be inexpensive to make, yet have significant antimicrobial activity.
  • the invention comprises a method of producing antimicrobial periodic peptides and further comprises the peptides themselves and a wide variety of their uses.
  • simple peptides are made from monomer units of four or fewer amino acids. Identical monomers units are joined end to end until a minimum size of about 15-16 amino acids is reached.
  • the monomers may be produced synthetically or through microbial, viral or enzymatic expression. The smaller the monomer, the lower the cost of preparation. Dim'- c monomers units may be commercially available at low cost and are particularly preferred. Identical monomers may be multimerized one by one to control the ultimate size or as a mixture and then selected for size. Alternatively, mixtures of different sizes can also be employed and this is a particularly preferred embodiment.
  • Each monomer should contain a positively charged amino acid, such as lysine, arginine, and the like.
  • the monomers should also contain a hydrophobic amino acid, such as alanine, valine, and the like, and preferably, at least one of the hydrophobic amino acids has a bulky side chain such as phenylalanine.
  • a positively charged amino acid such as lysine, arginine, and the like.
  • the monomers should also contain a hydrophobic amino acid, such as alanine, valine, and the like, and preferably, at least one of the hydrophobic amino acids has a bulky side chain such as phenylalanine.
  • At least 25% of the peptide be positively charged amino acids, and preferably at least 30%>.
  • Antimicrobial activity has been detected in periodic peptides with as much as 75% cationic residues.
  • the overall chain length of the resulting peptide should be at least 14 to 16 amino acids in length, but activity has been detected in peptides as small as 4 residues.
  • An upper size limit on activity has not yet been found, but even if active, it is expected that very large multimers will be susceptible to stability or systemic transport problems.
  • the overall chain length of the resulting peptide is from about 14-40 or 16-36 or 20-24 amino acids in length.
  • the peptides may contain either natural or synthetic amino acid with characteristics as described above. They may be made with either D or L amino acids. Peptides made with D amino acids have some advantage in being less susceptible to proteolytic degradation. Mixed peptides should be predominantly D (80%) in order to take advantage of this feature. Non-peptide linkages may also be employed in order to improve the stabihty of the "peptides.”
  • the peptides tested herein were not capped, but had free amino and carboxy termini. However, capping and derivatizing may be employed as needed.
  • Antimicrobial activity means activity against bacteria, yeast, fungi, and other protozoans at a level less than or equal to an IC50 of 125 ug/ml. Anti-bacterial and c>nxi-fimgdl activities are similarly defined.
  • Biocidal activity means having killing activity of less than or equal to 125 ppm for 3.5 log kill at 24 hr.
  • Antiviral activity means activity against viruses at an IC50 of less than 5 mM, and preferably less than 1 mM.
  • Anti-tumor activity means activity against a tumor cell at a level less than or equal to a TX50 of 250 ⁇ g/mL or (50% toxic dose).
  • P2N2, P3N, PN2, P2N, and NP wherein P is any cationic residue and N is any hydrophobic residue and the N and P residues are in any order (in all cases the first and second P or N residues may be the same or differ within a given monomer).
  • Preferred sequences include PNNP, NNPP, NPPN, PPNN, PNPN, PNP, PNP, NPP, PPN, NPN, PNN, NNP, NP and PN.
  • the P can be any of K (lysine), O (oraathine), or R (arginine) and N can be any of A (alanine), F (phenylalanine), G (glycine), L (leucine), I (isoleucine), T (threonine), Y (tyrosine), W (tryptophan), V (valine), or M (methionine).
  • K lysine
  • O oraathine
  • R arginine
  • N can be any of A (alanine), F (phenylalanine), G (glycine), L (leucine), I (isoleucine), T (threonine), Y (tyrosine), W (tryptophan), V (valine), or M (methionine).
  • the periodic peptides have a wide variety of applications, including agricultural (use in fields, orchards, vineyards, gardens, etc., for control of bacterial, fungal and viral pests); post harvest grain, fruit, and vegetable treatments; veterinary use; personal hygiene products; baby products; personal wipes; hard surface disinfectants; pharmaceutical uses to treat infections and tumors; skin treatments (dandruff, acne, psoriasis); drug permeability enhancers; medical device treatments; eye treatments (infection control, contact lens disinfection, contact lens solution preservative); pharmaceutical preservatives (such as vaccines); personal care product preservation; household product preservation; food, feed processing; meat processing disinfectant; potable water, juice and beverage preservative; and food & feed preservatives. They may also be the active ingredient in liquid soaps, toothpaste; hard surface cleaners and disinfectants; bathroom and kitchen cleaners; deodorants, textile and skin treatments, and the like.
  • Periodic peptides were ordered from a commercial peptide manufacturer for the initial antimicrobial tests.
  • the antimicrobial peptides tested to date include those listed in Table 1.
  • the ends of the peptides were not capped (free H and OH).
  • the MIC and IC50 values were determined by a broth microdilution method according to guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard as follows: In 96-well tissue culture plates, a fixed volume of bacterial suspension in 2X broth (as defined below) was added to the mixtures or individual compounds dispensed at concentrations varying from 1,000 to 1 ⁇ g/ml derived from serial two-fold dilutions in sterile water. The bacteria tested were P. aeruginosa American Type Culture Collection Number (ATCC) 10145, E. coli ATCC 2592, and S. aureus (methicillin reseistant) ATTC 33591.
  • ATCC American Type Culture Collection Number
  • E. coli ATCC 2592 E. coli ATCC 2592
  • S. aureus methicillin reseistant
  • peptides should be at least as big as about 14-16 amino acids to display optimal efficacy (compare KFAK(l-3) versus KFAK(4-8)).
  • the periodic peptides in many instance demonstrate better activity than the prior art. unique peptides (compare D2A21 and D4E1 versus FKAK(5)). This is particularly useful because it means that periodic peptides with equal or better efficacy can be used instead of the prior art unique peptides resulting in substantial cost savings.
  • RBC Red blood cells
  • the RBC protocol was from Blondelle (2000) and is described generally as follows: The toxicity toward the HeLa cell line was determined using a MTS (3 -(4-5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3 carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, sodium salt) cellular reduction assay. MTS (2 mg/mL) was prepared in Dulbecco PBS (pH 7.35), filtered, aliquoted and stored at minus 20°C. In 96 well flat bottomed plates, cell suspensions (250 ⁇ L of 6 x 10 4 cell/mL in each well) were incubated for 48 h at 37°C (5% CO2 incubator).
  • the peptides (50 ⁇ L) were then added to the cell monolayer (following aspiration of the media from each well and addition of 50 ⁇ L of Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium) at varying concentrations derived from serial 2-fold dilutions, and the plates incubated for 24 h at 37°C (5% CO2 incubator). Proliferation was then determined by adding a solution of phenazine methosulfate (PMS: 0.92 mg/mL in DPBS) to MTS at a 1 :20 ration just prior to the assay. Twenty microliters MTS-PMS solution were added to each well and the plates incubated for 1 h at 37°C (5% CO2 incubator).
  • PMS phenazine methosulfate
  • the relative percent toxicity was determined by comparing the absorbance at 490 nm of each peptide to the absorbance of cells without peptide.
  • the TX50 concentration required for 50% toxicity was calculated using a sigmoidal curve fitting software (Graphpad Prism).
  • the periodic peptides have anti-tumor activity, but do not destroy normal cells such as red blood cells (RBCs).
  • RBCs red blood cells
  • the dipeptides LK(8-9, 12) appear very promising: killing HeLa cells, but not RBCs.
  • anti-tumor activity is less predictable than antimicrobial activity, and each periodic peptide should be tested against a range of cells before use.
  • HMARQ high-throughput microanalysis and rapid quantitation
  • Typical sample volumes have been reduced down to 200 to 300 ⁇ L, but can be reduced further if desired. In these samples, no more than 10%> of the total volume will be composed of the biocide and organism solution, and all non-matrix additions are normalized for all samples.
  • sample matrix is first inoculated with the desired concentration of microorganisms. Inoculated sample matrix is then added to the 96-well assay block containing the biocide(s) under study. Each sample block contains biocide treated samples and untreated control samples (lacking biocide). Once the samples are prepared, the entire block of samples is mixed by vortexing until each sample is homogenous. In general, the study starts once mixing is complete, and samples are removed as required for the analysis. When Kill Time testing (rate of biocide activity) is performed, the microorganisms are added cfter biocide addition to the samples, allowing for rapid mixing and analysis.
  • Kill Time testing rate of biocide activity
  • Bacterial concentration (CFU/mL) is determined using the most probable number method (MPN).
  • MPN most probable number method
  • the contaminated solution is serially diluted until the "no growth" endpoint is reached.
  • the endpoint represents the MPN and is expressed in units of the bacterial concentration.
  • a serial 1:10 dilution will yield a bacterial concentration resolution of 1 log and the log reduction is determined by comparing the concentration of organisms in a treated sample to the concentration of organisms in untreated samples. For example, if a sample requires four 1:10 dilutions before bacterial growth is lost then the MPN for bacterial concentration in the sample is less than or equal to 1 X 10 4 CFU/mL (1E4).
  • the MPN is greater than or equal to 1 X 10 CFU/mL (1E8). This method of enumeration is generally applicable to all non- filamentous microorganisms.
  • Media included Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) for bacteria and Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) for fungi. These are available commercially and prepared according to the manufacturers instructions.
  • Indicator medium was TSB/R for bacteria and SDB/R for fungi. These were made by addition of 50 ⁇ M filter sterilized Resazurin to the sterilized and cooled medium.
  • Tryptic Soy agar plates (TSA) and SDA slants were used to provide inoculant for bacterial and fungal cultures. The indicator dye appeared pink or white when bacterial growth was present. Blue indicated no growth and purple indicated that growth was present and would resolve with additional time.
  • Antiviral activity can be measured in a number of ways, but one simple method of determining the effect on a retrovirus, such as HIN or FIN, is to measure decreased reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of a retrovirus and determine the 50% inhibitory concentration, which should be about 1 mM for effectiveness (Jia Ma (2002)).
  • RT reverse transcriptase

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un mode de réalisation, cette invention concerne un procédé pour produire des peptides périodiques, qui peuvent être utilisés comme agents antimicrobiens, ainsi que les peptides eux-mêmes. Un procédé préféré faisant l'objet de cette invention comprend la synthèse de peptides périodiques simples produits par la polymérisation d'unités monomères identiques ayant quatre acides aminés ou moins, la longueur minimum du peptide actif étant de 15 ou 16 résidus et le pourcentage minimum des résidus cationiques étant d'au moins 25%.
EP04775797A 2003-02-24 2004-02-24 Peptides antimicrobiens periodiques Withdrawn EP1599499A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US373306 1989-06-29
US37330603A 2003-02-24 2003-02-24
PCT/US2004/005431 WO2005014639A2 (fr) 2003-02-24 2004-02-24 Peptides antimicrobiens periodiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1599499A2 true EP1599499A2 (fr) 2005-11-30

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EP04775797A Withdrawn EP1599499A2 (fr) 2003-02-24 2004-02-24 Peptides antimicrobiens periodiques

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EP (1) EP1599499A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1894277A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005014639A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9453251B2 (en) 2002-10-08 2016-09-27 Pfenex Inc. Expression of mammalian proteins in Pseudomonas fluorescens
AU2005220734A1 (en) 2004-02-27 2005-09-22 Dow Global Technologies Inc. High efficiency peptide production in plant cells
JP2008507294A (ja) 2004-07-26 2008-03-13 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイティド 菌株遺伝子操作による改善されたタンパク質発現のための方法
EP2615172A1 (fr) 2007-04-27 2013-07-17 Pfenex Inc. Procédé permettant de cribler rapidement des hôtes microbiens et d'identifier certaines souches avec qualité et/ou rendement amélioré dans l'expression de protéines hétérologues
US9580719B2 (en) 2007-04-27 2017-02-28 Pfenex, Inc. Method for rapidly screening microbial hosts to identify certain strains with improved yield and/or quality in the expression of heterologous proteins
ES2633453T3 (es) 2008-01-24 2017-09-21 Esperance Pharmaceuticals Constructos de fusión de dominios líticos y métodos de preparación y utilización de los mismos
KR20210090298A (ko) 2012-10-30 2021-07-19 에스퍼란스 파마슈티컬스, 인코포레이티드 항체/약물 컨쥬게이트 및 이의 사용 방법
JP6362878B2 (ja) * 2013-03-12 2018-07-25 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 改変ペプチド繰り返しペプチドを含む融合タンパク質および該融合タンパク質を含むシルク繊維
GB2522412A (en) * 2014-01-22 2015-07-29 Agency Science Tech & Res Antimicrobial peptidomimetics
KR20170080579A (ko) 2014-10-01 2017-07-10 플랜트 헬스 케어, 인코포레이티드 파괴된 과민성 반응 박스를 갖는 유발제 펩티드 및 그의 용도
US10856546B2 (en) 2014-10-01 2020-12-08 Plant Health Care, Inc. Hypersensitive response elicitor peptides and use thereof
CN107337713B (zh) * 2016-05-03 2022-05-13 上海医药工业研究院 一组抑菌肽及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5789542A (en) * 1994-04-22 1998-08-04 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Amphipathic peptides
IL114697A0 (en) * 1994-07-22 1995-11-27 Demeter Biotech Ltd Polypeptides comprising ubiquitin-lytic peptide fusion protein products deriving therefrom their preparation and use

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2005014639A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1894277A (zh) 2007-01-10
WO2005014639A2 (fr) 2005-02-17
WO2005014639A3 (fr) 2005-07-07

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