EP1596845A1 - Utilisation therapeutique de glycerols acyles et de leurs analogues azotes et sulfures - Google Patents
Utilisation therapeutique de glycerols acyles et de leurs analogues azotes et sulfuresInfo
- Publication number
- EP1596845A1 EP1596845A1 EP04710415A EP04710415A EP1596845A1 EP 1596845 A1 EP1596845 A1 EP 1596845A1 EP 04710415 A EP04710415 A EP 04710415A EP 04710415 A EP04710415 A EP 04710415A EP 1596845 A1 EP1596845 A1 EP 1596845A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- compound
- formula
- atom
- dichloromethane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- -1 acyl glycerols Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 11
- PFRUBEOIWWEFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[S] Chemical compound [N].[S] PFRUBEOIWWEFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 591
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 126
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 101
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 78
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 72
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 66
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 65
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical group [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000626 neurodegenerative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LJLZDQBEWFHMRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl hexadecanedithioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)SCCC LJLZDQBEWFHMRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011669 selenium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940114069 12-hydroxystearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010989 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001818 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940113124 polysorbate 60 Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002675 Polyoxyl Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002685 Polyoxyl 35CastorOil Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ONHXZJWTDPMFDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-propan-2-yl 2-tetradecylhexadecanethioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(=S)OC(C)C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC ONHXZJWTDPMFDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PDTMFJWXDQLVSA-ZCXUNETKSA-N 2,3-dihydroxy-1-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoxy]nonadecane-4-thione Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)OCC(C(O)C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=S)O PDTMFJWXDQLVSA-ZCXUNETKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VEHGJEINZGWMLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)SC(C)CNC(=S)C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)SC(C)CNC(=S)C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC VEHGJEINZGWMLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SHZQETGRSDYZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-[1-(2-tetradecylhexadecanethioylamino)propan-2-yl] hexadecanethioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)OC(C)CNC(=S)C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC SHZQETGRSDYZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 234
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 157
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 129
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 85
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 70
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 55
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 54
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 53
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 50
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 45
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 44
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 42
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- IPBCWPPBAWQYOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(tetradecylthio)acetic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCSCC(O)=O IPBCWPPBAWQYOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 38
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 35
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 34
- WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;methanol Chemical compound OC.ClCCl WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 30
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 28
- LNZMEOLVTKHUAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane;dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl.C1CCCCC1 LNZMEOLVTKHUAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 25
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 24
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 108010007622 LDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 23
- 102000007330 LDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 23
- WBKFWQBXFREOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;ethyl acetate Chemical compound ClCCl.CCOC(C)=O WBKFWQBXFREOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 23
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 102000023984 PPAR alpha Human genes 0.000 description 21
- 108091008725 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha Proteins 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 102000003728 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 20
- 108090000029 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 20
- ADFXKUOMJKEIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dicyclohexylurea Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC(=O)NC1CCCCC1 ADFXKUOMJKEIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 16
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 13
- GFAZGHREJPXDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dipalmitoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC GFAZGHREJPXDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000000654 isopropylidene group Chemical group C(C)(C)=* 0.000 description 12
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- WACQKHWOTAEEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane;ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.C1CCCCC1 WACQKHWOTAEEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 11
- 239000008389 polyethoxylated castor oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 10
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 101100248253 Arabidopsis thaliana RH40 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 9
- 125000006367 bivalent amino carbonyl group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])C([*:2])=O 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000005064 dopaminergic neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 9
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003859 lipid peroxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- ZMGQQTNMJZSHKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)hexadecanethioamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)NCC(O)CO ZMGQQTNMJZSHKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC(=O)OC(C)(C)C DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 101000656751 Haloarcula marismortui (strain ATCC 43049 / DSM 3752 / JCM 8966 / VKM B-1809) 30S ribosomal protein S24e Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- MLACDGUOKDOLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol;hydron;bromide Chemical compound Br.NCCC1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1O MLACDGUOKDOLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 208000037259 Amyloid Plaque Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VMWNQDUVQKEIOC-CYBMUJFWSA-N apomorphine Chemical compound C([C@H]1N(C)CC2)C3=CC=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C1C2=CC=C3 VMWNQDUVQKEIOC-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960004046 apomorphine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000036542 oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethyl chloride Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QHZLMUACJMDIAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monopalmitoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO QHZLMUACJMDIAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HTGMODSTGYKJDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-chloro-9-phenylxanthene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2OC2=CC=CC=C2C1(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 HTGMODSTGYKJDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CVZUPKFPOSRRSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-phenylxanthen-9-ol Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2OC2=CC=CC=C2C1(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CVZUPKFPOSRRSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LUQGQZIVDLUXLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=[Se] Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=[Se] LUQGQZIVDLUXLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 5
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 5
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 102100038280 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920006008 lipopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940094443 oxytocics prostaglandins Drugs 0.000 description 5
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000770 proinflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000003523 substantia nigra Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZQIPILTVJGFFID-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propyl]carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCC(O)CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C ZQIPILTVJGFFID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 5
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JYWKEVKEKOTYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibromo-4-chloroiminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound ClN=C1C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C1 JYWKEVKEKOTYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IZHVBANLECCAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(octadecanoyloxy)propyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IZHVBANLECCAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JMTMSDXUXJISAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-benzotriazol-4-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2 JMTMSDXUXJISAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HRDGPYWHDRZWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-dodecylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCCC(O)=O HRDGPYWHDRZWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VQNHXIHDDSDHMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-decylsulfanylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCC(O)=O VQNHXIHDDSDHMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005089 Luciferase Substances 0.000 description 4
- OUSXOHWCQLFLCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(1-hydroxyheptadecyl)hexadecanethioamide Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=S)NC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O OUSXOHWCQLFLCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DVDFFXJVRKNJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-propylhexadecanethioamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)NCCC DVDFFXJVRKNJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010016731 PPAR gamma Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100038825 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108050003267 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000524 Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108091000117 Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000048218 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- DUBWAEQWOCTTPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propyl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OCC(CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 DUBWAEQWOCTTPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SLUSQEXOIBCZLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(hexadecanethioylamino)-1-trityloxypropyl] hexadecanedithioate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC(CCNC(=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)SC(=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 SLUSQEXOIBCZLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DZHSAHHDTRWUTF-SIQRNXPUSA-N amyloid-beta polypeptide 42 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DZHSAHHDTRWUTF-SIQRNXPUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003149 assay kit Methods 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003291 dopaminomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000028709 inflammatory response Effects 0.000 description 4
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FULQIVQLVLGHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-(hexadecanethioylamino)heptadecanoate Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=S)NC(C(=O)OC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FULQIVQLVLGHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMPFCCDALASBKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-sulfanyl-3-trityloxypropyl)hexadecanethioamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OCC(S)CNC(=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 SMPFCCDALASBKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000016273 neuron death Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000324 neuroprotective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OWAMQHJPVUGZSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCC(O)CO OWAMQHJPVUGZSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 4
- MPPODKLDCLFLKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-acetyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(O)COC(C)=O MPPODKLDCLFLKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N (3s)-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(1s)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[2-[[(2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UYBWIEGTWASWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol Chemical compound NCC(O)CN UYBWIEGTWASWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYPGMYIQHDZFFD-MAZCIEHSSA-N 1,3-dilinoleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC LYPGMYIQHDZFFD-MAZCIEHSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DRAWQKGUORNASA-CLFAGFIQSA-N 1,3-dioleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC DRAWQKGUORNASA-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CFCXVKYVTRNBMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfooxyhexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O CFCXVKYVTRNBMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyliminomethylidene-ethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NVQCRFPCPKQAET-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)(C)OC(=O)NCC(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)OC(=O)NCC(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 NVQCRFPCPKQAET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010001515 Galectin 4 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100039556 Galectin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 3
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108060001084 Luciferase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 3
- XVJJSPJZYDXEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(1-iodoheptadecyl)hexadecanethioamide Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=S)NC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)I XVJJSPJZYDXEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JTGPIFWUVZIJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(1-sulfanylheptadecyl)hexadecanethioamide Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=S)NC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)S JTGPIFWUVZIJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VBLBNVGLAQHEKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-(2-iodopropyl) 2-tetradecylhexadecanethioate Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(C(=S)OCC(C)I)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC VBLBNVGLAQHEKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940014259 gelatin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001680 ibuprofen Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002248 lipoperoxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- BRMYZIKAHFEUFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury diacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Hg]OC(C)=O BRMYZIKAHFEUFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- MIOQZKCEDSNQNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,3-diaminopropanoate;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.COC(=O)C(N)CN MIOQZKCEDSNQNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000000274 microglia Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- SDXILVKMZVEKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)hexadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCC(O)CO SDXILVKMZVEKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CFDJRWBQAPBGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-hydroxy-3-trityloxypropyl)hexadecanethioamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OCC(O)CNC(=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 CFDJRWBQAPBGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SKNARUDOIXQUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-iodo-3-trityloxypropyl)hexadecanethioamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OCC(I)CNC(=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 SKNARUDOIXQUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000003757 reverse transcription PCR Methods 0.000 description 3
- IEIQILXUXJTBNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-[1-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propan-2-yl] ethanethioate Chemical compound CC(=O)SC(C)CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C IEIQILXUXJTBNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DUTUFKUHBFQJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propyl] ethanethioate Chemical compound CC(=O)SCC(O)CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C DUTUFKUHBFQJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940032362 superoxide dismutase Drugs 0.000 description 3
- ARCVSYPZOGAJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl N-(2-sulfanylpropyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(S)CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C ARCVSYPZOGAJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QHALCXDPBBTVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(2-hydroxy-3-iodopropyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCC(O)CI QHALCXDPBBTVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KAJRPSXMBYHETN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCC(O)CS KAJRPSXMBYHETN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGDOKLVSUSTEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-[2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propyl]carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCC(S)CS DGDOKLVSUSTEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZEYRMMVKCDUPDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-undecanoyloxypropyl) undecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC ZEYRMMVKCDUPDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KQIGMPWTAHJUMN-GSVOUGTGSA-N (2r)-3-aminopropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound NC[C@@H](O)CO KQIGMPWTAHJUMN-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LLUJWSJRGKQEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diaminooxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound NOCC(O)CON LLUJWSJRGKQEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide Substances CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KOFZTCSTGIWCQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromotetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCBr KOFZTCSTGIWCQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMCONPCMAIDWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diaminooxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound NOCC(CO)ON JMCONPCMAIDWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UASPBURJXVDHSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-tetradecylsulfanyl-3h-thiophen-2-yl)acetic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCSC1(CC(O)=O)CC=CS1 UASPBURJXVDHSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJJPLEZQSCZCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)CO KJJPLEZQSCZCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JADYBWICRJWGBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)propyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC JADYBWICRJWGBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZQIZXDYMIEKKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tetradecylsulfonylacetic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(=O)(=O)CC(O)=O YZQIZXDYMIEKKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KQIGMPWTAHJUMN-VKHMYHEASA-N 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound NC[C@H](O)CO KQIGMPWTAHJUMN-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010012289 Dementia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000016192 Demyelinating disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010012305 Demyelination Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000006587 Glutathione peroxidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700016172 Glutathione peroxidases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012404 In vitro experiment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000025966 Neurological disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010076864 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000011779 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020005497 Nuclear hormone receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWWZMKZNNJTEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(hexadecanethioylamino)-1-hydroxypropyl] hexadecanedithioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)NCCC(O)SC(=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ZWWZMKZNNJTEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001130 astrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008366 buffered solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020673 eicosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005135 eicosapentaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosapentaenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012894 fetal calf serum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940125753 fibrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indomethacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003447 ipsilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002025 microglial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTDZYWDQRFUNMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-dihydroxypropyl)hexadecanethioamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)NC(O)CCO MTDZYWDQRFUNMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NCIMIGJAKJSEHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-hydroxypropyl)hexadecanethioamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)NCC(C)O NCIMIGJAKJSEHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000189 neurotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002887 neurotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021590 normal diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000006255 nuclear receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020004017 nuclear receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WUMBJEWPAGNARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-[1,3-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propan-2-yl] hexadecanethioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)OC(CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WUMBJEWPAGNARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004248 oligodendroglia Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005489 paracetamol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pioglitazone Chemical compound N1=CC(CC)=CC=C1CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)NC(=O)S1 HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002731 protein assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011506 response to oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RNVYQYLELCKWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N solketal Chemical compound CC1(C)OCC(CO)O1 RNVYQYLELCKWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004515 ventral tegmental area Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- DVSZKTAMJJTWFG-SKCDLICFSA-N (2e,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e)-docosa-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C(O)=O DVSZKTAMJJTWFG-SKCDLICFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKWCZPYWFRTSDD-DKWTVANSSA-N (2s)-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NC[C@H](N)C(O)=O SKWCZPYWFRTSDD-DKWTVANSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQVUBYASAICPFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6'-acetyloxy-2',7'-dichloro-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3'-yl) acetate Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(Cl)=C(OC(C)=O)C=C1OC1=C2C=C(Cl)C(OC(=O)C)=C1 VQVUBYASAICPFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYPGMYIQHDZFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl ester Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC LYPGMYIQHDZFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KVJHGPAAOUGYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)CC(OCC)OCC KVJHGPAAOUGYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMBAVJVECSKEPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioctanoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCC DMBAVJVECSKEPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OILPOAHJMSKKRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hexadecanethioylamino)propan-2-yl hexadecanedithioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)NCC(C)SC(=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OILPOAHJMSKKRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(O)N=NC2=C1 ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYOXLKAKUAASNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromodocosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCBr QYOXLKAKUAASNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBBXPULYBQASLG-ZCXUNETKSA-N 1-oleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC NBBXPULYBQASLG-ZCXUNETKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBUVVXNTRSKQSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical class OCC(S)CO NBUVVXNTRSKQSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQIGMPWTAHJUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound NCC(O)CO KQIGMPWTAHJUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRHQDJDRGZFIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCBr GRHQDJDRGZFIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZJLLYHBALOKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Ketone, O18-Me-Ussuriedine Natural products CC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O GZJLLYHBALOKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTNQHOJPBCMJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-decoxysulfonyloxyhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)OCCCCCC(O)=O WTNQHOJPBCMJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010001541 Akinesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000044 Amnesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031091 Amnestic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DRAWQKGUORNASA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anticancer Glycerol Ester PMV70P691-119 Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC DRAWQKGUORNASA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BWKDAAFSXYPQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal Chemical compound O1CC(O)COC1C1=CC=CC=C1 BWKDAAFSXYPQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001436672 Bhatia Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000006474 Brain Ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100035882 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010008120 Cerebral ischaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010004103 Chylomicrons Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000258136 Costus speciosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000385 Costus speciosus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NOTFZGFABLVTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexylethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCC1CCCCC1 NOTFZGFABLVTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010037462 Cyclooxygenase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010068682 Cyclophilins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004568 DNA-binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150049660 DRD2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010044266 Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000032928 Dyslipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710131019 Glycolate oxidase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000741788 Homo sapiens Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004125 Interleukin-1alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010082786 Interleukin-1alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004889 Interleukin-6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001005 Interleukin-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182816 L-glutamine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000017170 Lipid metabolism disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008109 Mixed Function Oxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010074633 Mixed Function Oxygenases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000741778 Mus musculus Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010029260 Neuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710138657 Neurotoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008299 Nitric Oxide Synthase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010021487 Nitric Oxide Synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940080774 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002690 Polyoxyl 40 HydrogenatedCastorOil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KJRCEJOSASVSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane-2-thiol Natural products CC(C)S KJRCEJOSASVSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100038277 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050003243 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004005 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000459 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000012979 RPMI medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000700157 Rattus norvegicus Species 0.000 description 1
- SBWFWBJCYMBZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N S-Propyl thioacetate Chemical compound CCCSC(C)=O SBWFWBJCYMBZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102100033928 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical class [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100040247 Tumor necrosis factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- XBSIGWSIEOQGAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-hydroxy-3-(2-tetradecylhexadecanethioyloxy)propan-2-yl] hexadecanoate Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(C(=S)OCC(CO)OC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC XBSIGWSIEOQGAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQGAHNJECSVDEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [CH2]CCCCC Chemical compound [CH2]CCCCC PQGAHNJECSVDEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWIDFFRKCKLPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-M [I+].[I-] Chemical compound [I+].[I-] PWIDFFRKCKLPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XOCUXOWLYLLJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[S] Chemical group [O].[S] XOCUXOWLYLLJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IKOSODMODHSDIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;1,1-dichloropropane Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCC(Cl)Cl IKOSODMODHSDIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylcholine Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004373 acetylcholine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012072 active phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006986 amnesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124599 anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001363 autoimmune Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008499 blood brain barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003925 brain function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000019259 carbohydrate homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006297 carbonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036755 cellular response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003399 chemotactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YEBKCCIUOGRTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite propane Chemical compound CCC.ClOCl YEBKCCIUOGRTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002932 cholinergic neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037976 chronic inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006020 chronic inflammation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003930 cognitive ability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007398 colorimetric assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- VTXVGVNLYGSIAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCS VTXVGVNLYGSIAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003210 demyelinating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002638 denervation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940042399 direct acting antivirals protease inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020669 docosahexaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KAUVQQXNCKESLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Natural products COC(=O)C(C)NOCC1=CC=CC=C1 KAUVQQXNCKESLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940052760 dopamine agonists Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003136 dopamine receptor stimulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010014599 encephalitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XIMFCGSNSKXPBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-bromobutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(Br)CC XIMFCGSNSKXPBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl formate Chemical compound CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003328 fibroblastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001506 fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003269 fluorescent indicator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003304 gavage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002518 glial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004295 hippocampal neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001320 hippocampus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000054223 human PPARA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000008105 immune reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010874 in vitro model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000905 indomethacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037456 inflammatory mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940102213 injectable suspension Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001361 intraarterial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960001375 lactose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VNYSSYRCGWBHLG-AMOLWHMGSA-N leukotriene B4 Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C[C@@H](O)\C=C\C=C\C=C/[C@@H](O)CCCC(O)=O VNYSSYRCGWBHLG-AMOLWHMGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003199 leukotriene receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002617 leukotrienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108020001756 ligand binding domains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004322 lipid homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006724 microglial activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003068 molecular probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000023105 myelination Effects 0.000 description 1
- QCTVGFNUKWXQNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-hydroxypropyl)octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCC(C)O QCTVGFNUKWXQNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031990 negative regulation of inflammatory response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001577 neostriatum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001682 neurofibril Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009223 neuronal apoptosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004031 neuronal differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034420 neuronal signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002981 neuropathic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002581 neurotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000618 neurotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002858 neurotransmitter agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000041 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NDMVANRIMKDJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-(1-aminopropan-2-yl) hexadecanethioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)OC(C)CN NDMVANRIMKDJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFTHHWGIAXMXST-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-propyl 2-tetradecylhexadecanethioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(=S)OCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC LFTHHWGIAXMXST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008289 pathophysiological mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000028591 pheochromocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960005095 pioglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000023603 positive regulation of transcription initiation, DNA-dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940124606 potential therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003938 response to stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- DWPIWHSUAMCYEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-[2-acetylsulfanyl-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propyl] ethanethioate Chemical compound CC(=O)SCC(SC(C)=O)CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C DWPIWHSUAMCYEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZHLSZAEVBZSBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-propyl 2-tetradecylsulfanylethanethioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCSCC(=O)SCCC AZHLSZAEVBZSBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012679 serum free medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002460 smooth muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012453 sprague-dawley rat model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000013498 tau Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010026424 tau Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000001587 telencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011287 therapeutic dose Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003566 thiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017423 tissue regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQZIKLPHXXBMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethanethiol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(S)C1=CC=CC=C1 JQZIKLPHXXBMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005199 ultracentrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000019553 vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/265—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carbonic, thiocarbonic, or thiocarboxylic acids, e.g. thioacetic acid, xanthogenic acid, trithiocarbonic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/25—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids with polyoxyalkylated alcohols, e.g. esters of polyethylene glycol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of acylated glycerols and their nitrogen and sulfur analogues in the therapeutic field, in particular for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It also relates to pharmaceutical compositions.
- Neurodegenerative diseases are, together with vascular diseases and brain tumors, the most frequent affections of the central nervous system. They are currently affecting a large and constantly growing population. The damage they cause is most often irreversible and gradually leads to degeneration of all or part of the nervous system.
- AD Alzheimer's disease
- Extracellular deposits of amyloid peptide ⁇ A4 leading to the formation of senile plaques and the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein forming intracellular neurofibrils are the characteristics of this pathology.
- the cholinergic neurons of the hippocampus are particularly affected, but other areas of the brain can also be affected by neuronal death.
- the disappearance of cells is associated with a loss of neurotransmitters, the most important in AD being acetylcholine.
- the resulting clinical signs are a progressive loss of brain function with the onset of dementia, amnesia and a change in attention and language.
- Parkinson's disease is the second most common disorder after AD. It is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra, which affects, via neural connections, neurons in the striatum. Symptoms resulting from the destruction of the nigrostriatal pathways are stiffness, akinesia and diskinesia, and dementia.
- MS Multiple sclerosis
- oligodendrocytes the target being oligodendrocytes
- demyelination plaques which cause the symptoms of the disease (paralysis, blindness, modification of cognition, pain).
- the immune reaction observed in MS is characterized by activation phases and remission phases, the frequency and period of which vary enormously from one individual to another.
- neurodegenerative diseases differ from each other in terms of etiology and pathophysiological mechanism, they all have one thing in common: chronic inflammation that develops and contributes to the progression of the disease and neuronal death via the release of neurotoxic molecules.
- glial cells astrocytes and especially microglia
- glial cells play a particularly important role in this process. Under pathological conditions, they acquire a so-called activated phenotype and release oxygenated reagents, nitric oxide (Nitric Oxide or NO), proteases, and proinflammatory molecules (cytokines, prostaglandins ).
- microglia has been demonstrated at the level of amyloid plaques in AD, in the substantia nigra of brains of patients with PD, and at the level of demyelination plaques in MS.
- the proinflammatory molecules secreted by activated glia, or by neurons in pathological conditions are associated with the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Cytokines such as interleukin-1 ⁇ (IL-1 ⁇ ), interleukin- ⁇ (IL-6) and "tumor necrosis factor ⁇ " (TNF- ⁇ ) are expressed in amyloid plaques and senile plaques, as well as in the brains of PD patients (Huell et al., 1995); (Griffin et al., 1998); (Boka et al., 1994) and Mogi et al, 1994). High levels of proinflammatory molecules have also been demonstrated during active phases of MS (Hohifeld, 1997) and the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (GOX-2) has been correlated with amyloid deposits suggesting a role for prostaglandins in AD (Ho et al., 1999).
- IL-1 ⁇ interleukin-1 ⁇
- IL-6 interleukin- ⁇
- TNF- ⁇ tumor necrosis factor ⁇
- Oxidative stress also seems to play an important role in neuronal apoptosis observed in pathological conditions.
- increased levels of lipoperoxidation and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity have been observed in the substantia nigra, during the late phases of PD (Dexter et al., 1989) and (Saggu et al. 1989) .
- SOD Superoxide Dismutase
- the importance of oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions is also illustrated by the demonstration of an increase in the transcription factor NF? B in the dopaminergic neurons of PD patients (Hunot et al., 1997).
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, aspirin and acetaminophen protect dopaminergic and hippocampal neurons from the toxicity of glutamate and the ⁇ -amyloid peptide (Casper et al., 2000 ) and (Bisaglia et al., 2002).
- Acetaminophen is also capable of reducing the release of cytokines and prostaglandins by astrocytes previously stimulated by the ⁇ -amyloid peptide (Landolfi et al., 1998).
- treatment with ibuprofen reduces both microglial activation and amyloid deposits in a transgenic mouse model (Lim et al., 2000).
- NSAIDs are also able to reduce the loss of cognitive abilities and attenuate the progression of the disease in Alzheimer's patients (Rogers et al., 1993) and (Rich et al., 1995).
- the main target of NSAID action in the brain although still unknown, appears to be microglia. Indeed, the number of microglial cells associated with plaques in elderly patients decreases by 65% following treatment with NSAIDs (McKenzie & Munoz, 1998). The effect of NSAIDs is therefore positive in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative pathologies, but the major problem resides in the serious side effects appearing during chronic use.
- NSAIDs are cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2 recently discovered). These enzymes convert acid arachidonic into proinflammatory metabolites like prostaglandins.
- the active therapeutic doses of NSAIDs have generally been observed at doses much higher than those required for their action on COX, which has led to think that other targets could be modulated by molecules such as indomethacin or ibuprofen.
- NSAIDs are capable of regulating gene expression via direct interaction with members of the nuclear receptor family such as the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors or PPARs (Lehmann et al., 1997).
- PPARs are transcription factors which, once activated by their ligand, bind to promoters of target genes at the level of specific sequences and regulate their transcription. There are 3 isoforms of PPARs ( ⁇ , ⁇ / ⁇ and ⁇ ).
- leukotriene LTB4 a potent chemotactic agent, activates the PPAR ⁇ receptor was the first evidence of a role for PPARs in inflammation (Devchland et al., 1996). Since then, it has been shown that PPARs ⁇ and ⁇ can exert an anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting factors AP-1 and NFKB (Delerive et al., 2001).
- mice deficient in PPAR ⁇ exhibit an exacerbated response to inflammatory stimuli, reinforcing the role of this receptor in the control of inflammatory mechanisms (Devchland et al., 1996).
- PPAR ⁇ agonists are also capable of inhibiting the expression of cytokines in cultured macrophages (Combs et al., 2001) and the action of fibrates on the expression of IL6 is abolished in mice deficient in PPAR ⁇ ( Delerive et al, 1999).
- PPAR ⁇ would also intervene by inhibiting COX-2 activity and therefore by decreasing the synthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins (Staels et al., 1998).
- PPARs Another therapeutic interest of PPARs in the treatment of pathologies with an inflammatory component is their antioxidant potential.
- activation of PPAR ⁇ in aged mice decreases tissue lipoperoxidation (Poynter & Daynes, 1998).
- the capacity for inhibition of inflammatory responses by PPARs partly explains the beneficial therapeutic effect of NSAIDs observed in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies.
- the NFKB and AP-1 factors control most of the early genes involved in inflammatory disorders and NFKB is also involved in the oxidative response to stress. The action of these two factors being antagonized by PPAR ⁇ , it is logical to think that the agonists of this receptor can regulate the expression of a good number of proteins involved in inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative pathologies.
- PPARs The expression of PPARs has mainly been studied in peripheral tissues. The distribution of mRNAs for these receptors has been studied in the rat central nervous system, demonstrating expression of PPAR ⁇ in all cell types of the rat brain. PPAR ⁇ mRNAs are present in most cells but at a lower level (Cullingford et al., 1998). The presence of PPAR ⁇ in oligodendrocytes underlies the role of this receptor in myelination, and an implication in demyelinating pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (Kainu et al., 1994). The expression of PPARs has also been studied under neuropathological conditions. Thus, the expression of PPAR ⁇ is high in pathological brains, suggesting a possible role in neurodegenerative pathologies (Kitamura et al., 1999).
- PPAR agonists have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential, and PPARs are expressed by cells of the central nervous system.
- the structure of PPAR agonists such as pioglitazone also facilitates their passage through the blood-brain barrier, allowing action at the level of the brain (Maeshiba et al., 1997). Since inflammatory molecules expressed in the brain are harmful to neurons, the effect of PPAR agonists has therefore been studied in neurodegeneration models.
- PPAR ⁇ agonists are capable of inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner by monocytes activated by the ⁇ amyloid peptide (Combs et al., 2001).
- PPAR ⁇ agonists are also capable of inhibiting the production of inflammatory and neurotoxic molecules by microglial cells stimulated by the ⁇ amyloid peptide, thus positioning PPARs agonists as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of AD ( Combs et al., 2000).
- PPAR ⁇ agonists are also capable of decreasing the expression of inducible NOS, decreasing neuronal death (Heneka et al., 2000) and inhibiting the development of EAE (experimental allergic encephalitis), an experimental model of sclerosis in plates (Diab et al., 2002) and (Natajaran & Bright, 2002).
- an orally administered PPAR ⁇ agonist prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease (Breidert et al., 2002).
- PPAR ⁇ therefore plays a role in the inhibition of inflammatory molecules (decrease in the expression of cytokines, decrease in the expression of COX-2), and in the increase of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase) , thereby reducing both oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions.
- the compounds of the invention have activating properties of the nuclear receptor PPAR ⁇ and advantageous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties.
- the inventors have shown that the compounds according to the invention have advantageous properties making it possible to prevent and treat Parkinson's disease.
- G1 represents an oxygen atom or an NR group
- G2 and G3 independently represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or an N-R4 group
- G1, G2 and G3 cannot simultaneously represent an NR group or N-R4,
- R and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, “R1, R2 and R3, identical or different, represent a d atom hydrogen, a group CO-R5 or a group of formula CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6, at least one of the groups R1, R2 and R3 being a group of formula CQ- (CH 2 ) 2 n + r -R6, o R5 is a linear or branched alkyl group, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, optionally comprising a cyclic group, the main chain of which contains from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, • R6 is a linear alkyl group or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, optionally comprising a cyclic group, the main chain of which comprises from 3 to 23 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 23 carbon atoms and optionally one
- X is a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, an SO group or an SO2 group
- n is an integer between 0 and 11.
- the group or groups R5, identical or different preferably represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, the main chain of which comprises from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, even more preferably 7 to 17 carbon atoms, even more preferably 14 to 17.
- the group or groups R5, identical or different may also represent a group lower alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as in particular the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl or hexyl radical.
- the group or groups R6, which are identical or different, preferably represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, the main chain of which comprises from 3 to 23 carbon atoms, preferably 13 to 20 carbon atoms, even more preferably 14 to 17 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 14 carbon atoms
- saturated long chain alkyl groups for R5 or R6 are in particular the groups C7H15, C10H21, C11H23, G13H27, Ci4H 2 9, CH 3 ⁇ , C 1 6H3 3 " C 1 7H 35 .
- unsaturated long chain alkyl groups for R5 or R6 are in particular the groups C14H27, C14H25, C ⁇ 5 H 9 , C 1 7H29, C1 7 H 3 1, C17H33, C ⁇ gH2 9 ) C1 9 H 31 , C 2 1H31 , C2 1 H3 5 , C2 1 H 37 , C21H39, C23H 45 OR the alkyl chains of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Caors (5, 8, 11, 14, 17) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) C 22: 6 (4, 7 , 10, 13, 16, 19).
- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- branched long chain alkyl groups are in particular the groups (CH 2 ) n-CH (CH 3 ) C2H5, or (CH 2 ) 2x + r
- alkyl groups R5 or R6 may optionally include a cyclic group.
- cyclic groups are especially cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
- the alkyl groups R5 or R6 may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents, identical or different.
- This invention also relates to the optical and geometric isomers of these compounds, their racemates, their salts, their hydrates and their mixtures.
- R4 groups can be identical or different.
- Preferred compounds within the meaning of the invention are compounds of general formula (I) in which (i) G1 represents an N-R group and (ii) the groups G2R2 and G3R3 are not simultaneously hydroxyl groups.
- the compounds of formula (IA) are the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention in which G1 and G3 represent oxygen atoms.
- the compounds of formula (IB) are the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention in which G1 represents an N-R group as defined above.
- the compounds of formula (IA and IBa) are respectively the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention in which only one of the groups R1, R2 or R3 represents a hydrogen atom.
- the compounds of formula (1Ab and IBb) are respectively the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention in which two of the groups R1, R2 or R3 represent a hydrogen atom.
- the present invention also includes the prodrugs of the compounds of formula (I), which, after administration in a subject, will transform into compounds of formula (I) and / or the metabolites of the compounds according to the invention (I) which have therapeutic activities comparable to the compounds of formula (I).
- X most preferably represents a sulfur or selenium atom and advantageously a sulfur atom.
- n is preferably between 0 and 3, more specifically between 0 and 2 and is in particular equal to 0.
- R6 may comprise one or more heterogroups, preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1, chosen from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, an SO group and an SO 2 group.
- a specific example of group CO- (GH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6 according to the invention is the group CO-CH2-S-C14H29.
- Preferred compounds within the meaning of the invention are therefore compounds of general formula (I) above in which at least one of the groups R1, R2 and R3 represents a group CO- (CH 2 ) 2 n + rX-R6 in which X represents a sulfur or selenium atom and preferably a sulfur atom and or R6 is a saturated and linear alkyl group preferably comprising from 13 to 20 atoms carbon, preferably 14 to 17, more preferably 14 to 16, and even more preferably 14 carbon atoms.
- R1, R2 and R3 are groups CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6> identical or different, in which X represents a sulfur atom or selenium and preferably a sulfur atom.
- R2 advantageously represents an oxygen atom or an N-R4 group, preferably an oxygen atom.
- R2 advantageously represents a CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6 group as defined above.
- R4 preferably represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R2 advantageously represents a group of formula CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6 as defined above.
- Particularly preferred compounds are the compounds of general formula (IA) above in which:
- ® G2 is an oxygen atom, and / or • R2 represents a CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6 group as defined above.
- Particularly preferred compounds are the compounds of general formula (IB) above in which:
- G3 is an N-R4 group in which R4 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and G2 is an oxygen atom, and / or
- R2 represents a group CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6 as defined above.
- Other preferred compounds are the compounds of general formula (I) above in which R1, R2 and R3, identical or different, preferably identical, represent (i) a group CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6 as defined above, in which X represents a sulfur or selenium atom and preferably a sulfur atom and / or R6 is a saturated and linear alkyl group comprising from 13 to 17 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 16 carbon atoms, even more preferably 14 carbon atoms, in which n is preferably between 0 and 3, and in particular equal to 0. More specifically, preferred compounds are the compounds of general formula (I) in which R1, R2 and R3 represent CO-CH 2 -SC 1 4H 2 9 groups.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition intended for treating a
- neurogenerative pathology such as in particular Parkinson's disease or AI ⁇ heimer's disease.
- composition comprising, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a compound of general formula (I) as described above, optionally in combination with another therapeutic active.
- the present invention relates more specifically to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, at least one compound of formula (I) as described above intended for the treatment or prophylaxis of neurodegenerative pathologies and more particularly of the Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or multiple sclerosis.
- the compounds of formula (I) have both PPAR activator, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have prophylactic and curative neuroprotective activity.
- the invention also relates to the use of a compound as defined above for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition intended for the implementation of a method of treatment or prophylaxis of neurogenerative pathologies in humans or in the animal, and more particularly Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease drunk with multiple sclerosis
- the invention also relates to a method for treating neurodegenerative pathologies and more particularly Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis, comprising the administration to a subject, in particular animal or in particular human, of an effective dose of a compound of formula (I) or of a pharmaceutical composition as defined above.
- compositions according to the invention advantageously comprise one or more excipients or vehicles, acceptable from the pharmaceutical point of view. Mention may be made, for example, of saline, physiological, isotonic, buffered solutions, etc., compatible with pharmaceutical use and known to those skilled in the art.
- the compositions may contain one or more agents or vehicles chosen from dispersants, solubilizers, stabilizers, surfactants, preservatives, etc.
- Agents or vehicles usable in formulations are in particular methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, Castor oil polyoxyl hydrogenated (reaction product of 45 moles of ethylene glycol with 1 mole hydrogenated castor oil, which is sold and marketed by BASF under the brand name "Cremophor ® RH40"), polyoxyl 35 Castor oil (reaction product of 35 moles of ethylene glycol with 1 mole of castor oil, which is sold and marketed by BASF under the brand Cremophor ® EL), polyethylene glycol 660 12-hydroxystearate (sold and marketed by BASF under the brand "Solutol ® HS15”), polysorbate 60 (sold and marketed by Croda under the brand Crillet ® 3, polysorbate 80 (sold and marketed in particular by Croda under the brand Crillet ® 4), mannitol, gelatin, lactose, vegetable oils, acacia,
- compositions can be formulated as an injectable suspension, gels, oils, tablets, suppositories, powders, capsules, capsules, etc., optionally using dosage forms or devices ensuring sustained and / or delayed release.
- an agent such as cellulose, carbonates or starches.
- the present also relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, at least one compound of formula (I) as defined above in combination with at least one compound chosen from: Castor oil polyoxyl hydrogenated, polyoxyl 35 Castor oil, polyethylene glycol 660 12-hydroxystearate and polysorbate 60.
- the compounds or compositions according to the invention can be administered in different ways and in different forms.
- they can for example be administered systemically, orally, parenterally, by inhalation or by injection, such as for example by intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, trans-dermal, intra-arterial, etc.
- the compounds are generally packaged in the form of liquid suspensions, which can be injected using syringes or infusions, for example.
- the compounds are generally dissolved in saline, physiological, isotonic, buffered solutions, etc., compatible with pharmaceutical use and known to those skilled in the art.
- compositions can contain one or more agents or vehicles chosen from dispersants, solubilizers, emulsifiers, stabilizers, surfactants, preservatives, buffers, etc.
- Agents or vehicles used in liquid formulations or injectable are in particular methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, Cremophor ® RH40, Cremophor ® EL, Solutol ® HS15, Crillet ® 3, Crillet ® 4, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, mannitol, gelatin, lactose, vegetable oils, acacia, liposomes, etc.
- the compounds can thus be administered in the form of gels, oils, tablets, suppositories, powders, capsules, capsules, aerosols, etc., optionally by means of dosage forms or devices ensuring sustained and / or delayed release.
- an agent such as cellulose, carbonates or starches is advantageously used.
- the compounds can be administered orally in which case the agents or vehicles used are preferably chosen from water, gelatin, gums, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, talc, an oil, polyalkylene glycol, etc. .
- the compounds are preferably administered in the form of solutions, suspensions or emulsions with in particular water, oil or polyalkylene glycols to which it is possible to add, in addition to preserving agents, stabilizers, emulsifier , etc., salts to adjust the osmotic pressure, buffers, etc.
- the flow rate and / or the dose injected can be adapted by a person skilled in the art depending on the patient, the pathology concerned, the mode of administration, etc.
- the compounds are administered in doses which can vary between 1 ⁇ g and 2 g per administration, preferably from 0.1 mg to 1 g per administration.
- the administrations can be daily or repeated several times a day, if necessary.
- the compositions according to the invention can also comprise other agents or active principles.
- the compounds of the invention can be prepared from commercial products, using a combination of chemical reactions known to those skilled in the art.
- the compounds of formula (IA) in which G2 is an oxygen or sulfur atom, R1, R2 and R3 identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or a group CO- ( CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, are obtained from a compound of formula (IA) in which G2 is respectively an oxygen or sulfur atom, R2 is a hydrogen atom and R1 and R3, identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, and of a compound of formula A ° -CO-A in which A is a reactive group chosen for example from OH, Cl, O -CO-A ° and OR ", R" being an alkyl group, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, optionally in the presence of known coupling agents or activators of the skilled person.
- a glycerol molecule is reacted with a compound of formula A ° -CO-A1 in which A1 is a reactive group chosen, for example, from OH, Cl and OR ", R" being an alkyl group, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- A1 is a reactive group chosen, for example, from OH, Cl and OR ", R” being an alkyl group
- a ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- This reaction allows the synthesis of so-called symmetrical compounds, in which R1 and R3 have the same meaning.
- This reaction can be implemented by adapting the protocols described for example in (Feuge, Gros et al. 1953), (Gangadhar, Subbarao
- the compounds of formula (IA) according to the invention in which G2 is an oxygen atom, R2 is a hydrogen atom and R1 and R3, identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6, can also be obtained from a compound of formula (IA) according to the invention in which G2 is an oxygen atom, R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom and R1 is a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6 (this particular form of compounds of formula (IA) being called compounds (IV)), and of a compound of formula A ° -CO-A2 in which A2 is a reactive group chosen for example between OH and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- the compounds of formula (IA) in which G2 is an oxygen atom, R3 is a hydrogen atom and R1 and R2, identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or CO - (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6, can be obtained from a compound of formula (IA) according to the invention in which G2 is an oxygen atom, R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom and R1 is a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH 2 ) 2 n + rX-R6 (compounds IV), according to the following steps (scheme 2):
- reaction can advantageously be carried out by adapting the protocol described by (Gaffney and Reese 1997) in which PxE can represent the compound 9-phenylxanthene-9-ol or 9-chloro-9-phenylxanthene;
- a ° -CO-A2 in which A2 is a reactive group chosen for example between OH and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6.
- a ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6.
- R1 and R2 identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or CO- ( CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6 and Px is a protective group;
- the compounds of general formula (IA) in which G2 is an oxygen atom, R1 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom and R2 represents a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH2 ) 2n * ⁇ -X- ⁇ , are obtained by a process comprising (diagram 3):
- A3 is a reactive group chosen for example between OH, O-CO-A ° and Cl
- a 0 is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, then of a second compound of formula A ° -CO-A3 in which, independently of the first compound, A3 is a reactive group chosen for example from OH, O-CO- A 0 and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 1 -X-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art; b) deprotection of the thiol group with mercuric acetate.
- A3 is a reactive group chosen for example between OH, O-CO-A ° and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n -nX-R ⁇ in stoichiometric quantity, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art;
- the compound of formula (IX) can be prepared by a process comprising:
- the compounds of formula (IA) according to the invention in which G2 is a sulfur atom, and R1, R2 and R3, identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6, can also be obtained by the following process:
- the compounds of formula (IA) in which G2 is an N-R4 group and in which R1, R2 and R3 which are identical or different, represent a CO-R5 group or a CO- (CH2) 2n + rX-R6 group, are obtained from a compound of formula (IA) in which G2 is an N-R4 group, R1 and R3 are hydrogen atoms, R2 a CO-R5 group or a CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ - group X-R6 (compound (XVI)) according to the following process: reaction of a compound (XVI) and of a first compound of formula A ° -CO-A2 in which A2 is a reactive group chosen for example between OH and Cl , and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, then of a second compound of formula A ° -CO-A2 in which, independently of the first compound, A2 is a reactive group chosen by example between OH and Cl
- the compounds of formula (IA) according to the invention in which G2 is an N-R4 group and in which R1 and R2 represent a CO-R5 or CO- (CH2) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6 group, and R3 is a hydrogen atom can be obtained by reaction of a compound (XVI) and a compound of formula A ° -CO-A2 in which A2 is a reactive group chosen, for example, between OH and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH) 2n + rX-R6 in stoichiometric quantity, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- a molecule of 2-aminopropane-1, 3-diol is reacted with a compound of formula A ° -CO-A in which A is a reactive group chosen for example from OH, O-CO-A ° , OR "and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6 in the optional presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- This reaction can be implemented by adapting the protocols described for example in (Shaban 1977), (Kurf ⁇ rst, Roig et al. 1993), (Harada, Morie et al. 1996), (Khanolkar, Abadji et al. 1996), (Daniher and Bashkin 1998) or (Putnam and Bashkin 2000).
- the compounds of formula (IB) in which (i) G2 and G3 are oxygen or sulfur atoms or an NH group, (ii) R is a hydrogen atom and (iii) R1, R2 and R3, identical, represent a group CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, are obtained from a compound of formula (IB) in which (i) G2 or G3 are oxygen atoms, sulfur or an NH group, (ii) R is a hydrogen atom and (iii) R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen atoms and of a compound of formula A ° -CO-A in which A is a group reagent chosen for example from OH, Cl, O-CO-A 0 and O-R7, R7 being an alkyl group, and A ° is the group (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6, optionally in the presence of agents coupling or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- the compounds of formula (IB) according to the invention in which (i) G2 and G3 are oxygen atoms or an NH group, (ii) R is a hydrogen atom and (iii) R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen atoms or represent a CO-R5 or GO- (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6 group can be obtained according to different methods which allow the synthesis of compounds in which the groups carried by the same heteroatom (nitrogen or oxygen) have the same meaning.
- a molecule of 1-aminoglyceroI, 1, 3-diaminoglycerol or 1, 2-diaminoglycerol (obtained by adapting the protocol described by (Morris, Atassi et al. 1997) is reacted with a compound of formula A ° -CO-A1 in which A1 is a reactive group chosen, for example, from OH, Cl and OR7,
- R7 being an alkyl group
- a ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2 n + ⁇ -X-R6 in the optional presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- This reaction makes it possible to obtain respective particular forms of compounds of formula (IB), called compounds (XXa-c), and can be implemented by adapting the protocols described by (Urakami and Kakeda
- R1, R2 and R3, identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or CO-
- (CH 2 ) 2 ⁇ + ⁇ -X-R6 can be obtained from a compound of formula (XXa-c) and a compound of formula A ° -CO-A2 in which A2 is a reactive group chosen by example between OH and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) n + r X-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- This reaction allows the synthesis of compounds in which the groups carried by the same heteroatom (nitrogen or oxygen), respectively (R1 and R2), (R1 and R3) or (R2 and R3) have the same meaning.
- R is a hydrogen atom and (iii) R1, R2 and R3, identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH2) 2 n + rX-R6, can be obtained according to the following steps (diagram 7 ):
- reaction can advantageously be carried out by adapting the protocols described by (Nazih, Cordier et al. 2000) and (Kotsovolou, Chiou et al. 2001) in which (PG) O represents di-tert-butyl dicarbonate; b) reaction of the compound of formula (XXIa-c) with a compound of formula A ° -CO-A2 in which A2 is a reactive group chosen, for example, between OH and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to a person skilled in the art to give a compound of general formula (XXIIa-c), in which R2 and R3 represent a CO-R5 group or CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6 and PG is a protective group;
- a 0 is the group R5 or the group (GH 2 ) 2n + - 6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- a compound of formula (IB) according to the invention is reacted, in which (i) G2 and G3 are oxygen atoms, (ii) R and R2 are hydrogen atoms and (iii ) R1 and R3, identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH2) 2 n + ⁇ -X-R6, with a compound of formula A ° -CO-A2 in which A2 is a reactive group chosen by example between OH and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- the compounds of formula (IB) in which (i) G2 and G3 are oxygen atoms, (ii) R and R2 are hydrogen atoms and (iii) R1 and R3, identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or GO- (GH 2 ) 2 n + rX-R6, can be obtained from a compound of formula (XXa) as defined above with a compound of formula A ° - CO-A2 in which A2 is a reactive group chosen, for example, from OH and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2 n + ⁇ -X-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- the compounds of formula (IB) in which (i) G2 and G3 are oxygen atoms, (ii) R is a hydrogen atom and (iii) R1, R2 and R3, identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or CO- (GH 2 ) 2 n + ⁇ -X-R6, can be obtained from a compound of formula (IB) according to the invention in which (i ) G2 and G3 are oxygen atoms, (ii) R, R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom and (iii) R1 is a CO-R5 or CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6 group (compound of formula (XXa)) according to the following steps (diagram 8):
- PG-E can represent triphenylmethyl chloride or 9-phenylxanthene-9-ol or also 9-chloro-9-phenylxanthene;
- A2 is a reactive group chosen, for example, between OH and Cl, and A ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known from l tradesman.
- the compounds of formula (IB) in which (i) G2 or G3 represent an oxygen atom or an N-R4 group, (ii) at least one of the groups G2 or G3 represents a group N-R4, (iii) R and R4 independently represent linear or branched alkyl groups, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and (iv) R1, R2 and R3, identical or different, represent a CO-R5 group or a CO- (GH2) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6 ⁇ group are obtained by reaction of a compound of formula (IB) in which (i) one of the groups G2R2 or G3R3 represents a hydroxyl group and the other group G2R2 or G3R3 respectively represents a group NR4R2 or NR4R3 with R2 or R3 representing a group CO-R5 or a group CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6, (ii) R
- reaction can advantageously be carried out by adapting the protocols described by (Nazih, Cordier et al. 2000) and (Kotsovolou, Chiou et al. 2001) in which (PG) 2 O represents di-tert-butyl dicarbonate;
- LG-E in which E represents a halogen and LG a reactive group chosen for example from mesyl, tosyle, etc., to give a compound of general formula (XXVII) by adapting the procedure described by (Kitchin, Bethell et al. 1994) ;
- the compounds of formula (IB) according to the invention in which (i) G3 is an oxygen atom, (ii) G2 represents an N-R4 group, (iii) R and R4 represent alkyl groups linear or branched different, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, (iv) R1 and R3 are hydrogen atoms and (v) R2 represents a CO-R5 group or a CO- ( CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6 are obtained in the following way (diagram 10):
- the reaction can advantageously be carried out by adapting the protocols described by (Marx, Piantadosi et al. 1988) and (Gaffney and Reese 1997) in which PG'-E can represent triphenylmethyl chloride or 9-phenylxanthene-9- oi or 9-chloro-9-phenylxanthene;
- the compounds of formula (IB) according to the invention in which (i) G2 and G3 are sulfur atoms or an NH group, (ii) R is a hydrogen atom and (iii) R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen atoms or represent a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, R1, R2 and / or R3 having the same meaning if they are carried by the same heteroatom (sulfur or nitrogen), can be obtained as follows (diagram 11 A):
- This reaction scheme allows the synthesis of compounds of general formula (IB) in which the groups carried by the same heteroatom (nitrogen or sulfur) respectively (R2 and R3), (R1 and R3) and (R1 and R2) have the same meaning .
- the compounds of formula (IB) according to the invention in which (i) G2 and G3 are sulfur atoms or an NH group, (ii) R is a hydrogen atom and ( iii) R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen atoms or represent a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6 can be prepared from the compounds of formula (XXIa-c) by a process comprising (diagram 12):
- This reaction scheme allows the synthesis of compounds of general formula (IB) in which the groups carried by the same heteroatom (nitrogen or sulfur) respectively (R2 and R3), (R1 and R3) and (R1 and R2) have the same meaning .
- the compounds of general formula (IB) in which (i) the groups G2 or G3 represent a sulfur atom or an N-R4 group, (ii) R and R4 independently represent groups as defined above, (iii) R1 is a hydrogen atom and (iv) R2 and R3, identical or different, represent a CO-R5 group or a CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6 group, can be obtained according to the following methods:
- the compounds of formula (IB) according to the invention in which (i) G2 represents an N-R4 group, (ii) G3 is a sulfur atom, (iii) R and R4 independently represent groups linear or branched different alkyls, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, (iv) R1 is a hydrogen atom and (v) R2 and R3, identical or different, represent a CO-R5 group or a group CO- CH 2 1 - -R are obtained in the following way (diagram 14):
- R6 optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art to obtain a compound of general formula (LUI) in which R1 and R2, identical or different, represent a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6;
- the compounds of formula (IB) according to the invention in which (i) G2 is a sulfur atom, (ii) G3 is an oxygen atom, (iii) R is an atom hydrogen, (iv) R1 and R2 represent a group CO-R5 or CO- (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6 and (v) R3 is a hydrogen atom or represents a group CO-R5 or CO- ( CH 2 ) 2n + rX-R6, can be prepared from the compounds of formula (XXIII) by the following process (scheme 15B):
- the reaction can advantageously be carried out by adapting the protocols described by (Marx, Piantadosi et al. 1988) and (Gaffney and Reese 1997) in which PG-E can represent triphenylmethyl chloride or 9-phenylxanthene-9-ol or 9-chloro-9-phenylxanthene;
- the reaction can advantageously be implemented by adapting the protocols described by (Nazih, Cordier et al. 2000) and (Kotsovolou, Chiou et al. 2001) in which (PG) 2 O represents di-tert-butyl diearbonate;
- a ° is the group R5 or the group (GH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- the reaction can advantageously be carried out by adapting the protocols described by (Marx, Piantadosi et al. 1988) and (Gaffney and Reese 1997) in which PG-E can represent triphenylmethyl chloride or 9-phenylxanthene-9-ol or the
- a ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + X-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- the reaction can advantageously be carried out by adapting the protocols described by (Marx, Piantadosi et al.
- the reaction can advantageously be carried out by adapting the protocols described by (Na ⁇ ih, Cordier et al. 2000) and (Kotsovolou, Chiou et al. 2001) in which (PG) 2 O represents di-tert-dicarbonate butyl;
- a ° is the group R5 or the group (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6, optionally in the presence of coupling agents or activators known to those skilled in the art.
- the compounds of formula (IB) according to the invention in which (i) G2 is an oxygen atom, (ii) G3 is a sulfur atom, (iii) R is a hydrogen atom, (iv) R2 and R3, identical, are hydrogen atoms or represent a CO-R5 or GO- (CH 2 ) 2n + ⁇ -X-R6 group and (v) R1 represents a CO-R5 or GO- (CH 2 ) 2n group + rX-R6, can be prepared from the compounds of formula (IIIa) according to the following process (scheme 19):
- FIG. 1 Structure of compounds according to the invention.
- FIG. 1B Structure of particular compounds according to the invention, the preparation of which is described in Examples 5a, 5b, 6c, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16 18, 19,
- Figure 2A determination of total plasma cholesterol.
- Figure 2B determination of plasma triglycerides.
- Figure 3 Evaluation of the properties of PPAR ⁇ agonists of compounds according to the invention with the Gal4 / PPAR ⁇ transactivation system.
- Figure 4A Formation of conjugated dienes as a function of time or Lag-Phase.
- Figure 4B speed of formation of dienes.
- Figure 4C maximum quantity of conjugated dienes formed.
- Figure 5 number of rotations performed by the animals after injection of apomorphine.
- Figure 5B number of neurons labeled by anti-isine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry.
- Example 2 the compounds according to the invention used in the examples for measuring or evaluating activity will be abbreviated as "Ex 2" to denote the compound according to the invention, the preparation of which is described in example 2.
- Thin layer chromatographies were carried out on MERCOF 6OF 254 silica gel plates 0.2 mm thick.
- the abbreviation Rf is used to denote the retention factor.
- the column chromatographies were carried out on silica gel 60 with a particle size 40-63 ⁇ m (reference 9385-5000 MERCK).
- the melting points (PF) were measured using a BUCHI B 540 device by the capillary method.
- the infrared (IR) spectra were performed on a Fourier transform spectrometer BRUKER (Vector 22).
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- Mass spectra were performed on a PERKIN- ELMER SCIEX AP1 1 spectrometer (ESI-MS for Electrospray lonization Mass Spectrometry) or on an APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS Voyager DE-STR spectrometer of the MALDI-TOF type (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption / lonization - Time Of Flight).
- selenium (1.19 g; 15 mmol) is introduced into a tetrahydrofuran / water mixture (1/1) (50 ml).
- the reaction mixture is cooled in an ice bath before slowly adding sodium tetraborohydride (1,325 g; 35 mmol).
- a second fraction of selenium (1.19 g; 15 mmol) is added.
- the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15 min and then heated to reflux to dissolve all the reagents.
- Bromotetradecane (9 ml; 30 mmol) dissolved in 25 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added.
- the reaction mixture is left under stirring at room temperature for 3 hours.
- the reaction medium is then extracted with dichloromethane.
- the organic phases are grouped, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and brought to dryness. The product is used without further purification.
- the dissetradécyldisélénure (8.5 g; 17 mmol) is dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran / water mixture (150 ml / 50 ml) and cooled in an ice bath.
- Sodium tetraborohydride (2.9 g; 61 mmol) is added slowly (the solution discolours) and then bromoacetic acid (8.5 g; 61 mmol) dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran / water mixture (25 ml / 25 ml) is added.
- the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 6 hours.
- the reaction mixture is extracted with ether then the aqueous phase is acidified: The precipitate obtained is filtered, washed several times with water and dried.
- the tetradecylthioacetic acid (Example 1a) (5 g; 17.4 mmol) is dissolved in a methanol / dichloromethane mixture (160 ml / 80 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred and cooled in an ice bath before adding slowly the pxone ® (12.8 g; 21 mmol) dissolved in water (160 ml). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvents are evaporated in vacuo. The precipitate formed in the residual aqueous phase is drained, washed several times with water and dried. Yield 90%
- EXAMPLE 1f Preparation of 6- (decylsulfoxy) hexanoic acid The product is prepared according to the procedure described above (Example 1e) from 6- (decylthio) hexanoic acid (Example 1c). Yield 94%.
- Rf (dichloromethane-methanol 9-1): 0.18
- EXAMPLE 1g Preparation of tetradecylsulfonylacetic acid
- the tetradecylthioacetic acid (Example 1a) (5 g; 17.4 mmol) is dissolved in a methanol / dichloromethane mixture (160 ml / 80 ml).
- the reaction mixture is stirred and cooled in an ice bath before adding slowly oxone ® (21.8 g; 35 mmol) dissolved in water (160 ml).
- the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours.
- the solvents are evaporated in vacuo.
- the precipitate formed in the residual aqueous phase is drained, washed several times with water and dried (yield 89%).
- EXAMPLE 1h Preparation of 6- (decy [sulfonvPhexanoic acid) The product is obtained according to the procedure described above (example 1g) from 6- (decylthio) hexanoic acid (example 1c). Yield 87%.
- Rf dichloromethane-methanol 9-1): 0.15
- IR vCO acid 1689 cm "1
- tetradecylthioacetic acid (example 1a) (4 g, 13.86 mmol) is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) before adding EDCI (1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) - 3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride) (2,658 g, 13.86 mmol), dimethylaminopyridine (1,694 g, 13.86 mmol) then the solketal (1.72 ml, 13.86 mmol) in this order.
- EDCI 3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) - 3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride)
- dimethylaminopyridine (1,694 g, 13.86 mmol
- solketal (1.72 ml, 13.86 mmol
- the 1-tetradecylthioacetyl-2,3-isopropylidene glycerol (4.163 g, 10.356 mmol) is dissolved in acetic acid (60 ml) and allowed to stir at room temperature. After 1 week of reaction, the reaction mixture is diluted in water and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and then dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the solvent is evaporated. The white powder obtained is recrystallized from heptane. Efficiency: 90%
- the tetradecylthioacetic acid (0.800 g, 2.774 mmol) is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (75 ml) before adding the EDCI (0.532 g, 2.774 mmol), the dimethylaminopyridine (0.339 g, 2,774 mmol) then 1,3-benzylidene glycerol (0.5 g, 2,774 mmol) in this order.
- the mixture is left under stirring at ambient temperature for 16 hours.
- the solvent is evaporated.
- EXAMPLE 3b Preparation of 1,3-linoleoylglycerol This compound is obtained according to the procedure described above (Example 3a) from glycerol and linoleic acid. The product is obtained in the form of a colorless oil.
- EXAMPLE 3c Preparation of 1,3-distearoylglvcerol This compound is obtained according to the procedure described above (Example 3a) from glycerol and stearic acid. The product is obtained in the form of a white powder. Yield 21% Rf (dichloromethane): 0.30 IR: vCO ester 1735 and 1716 cm '1
- This compound is obtained according to the procedure previously described (Example 3a) from glycerol and tetradecanoic acid.
- the product is obtained in the form of a white powder.
- EXAMPLE 3f Preparation of 1.3-ditetradecylthioacetylqlvcerol This compound is obtained according to the procedure described above (Example 3a) from glycerol and tetradecylthioacetic acid (Example 1a). The product is obtained in the form of a white powder. Yield 37% Rf (dichloromethane): 0.27 PF: 71-73 ° C
- 1-palmitoyl glycerol (example 2b) (5.516 g; 17 mmol) is dissolved in dichloromethane (500 ml) before adding dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (5.165 g; 25 mmol), dimethylaminopyridine (3.058 g; 25 mmol) and l oleic acid (4.714 g; 17 mmol).
- the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours.
- the precipitate of dicyclohexylurea is filtered, rinsed with dichloromethane and the filtrate is evaporated in vacuo.
- the glycerol (30 g; 0.326 mol) is dissolved in dichloromethane (300 ml) before adding the pyridine (79 ml; 0.977 mol) then dropwise the acetic anhydride (61.5 ml; 0.651 mol).
- the reaction mixture is kept under stirring at ambient temperature for 48 hours.
- the medium is taken up in dichloromethane.
- the organic phase is washed with 1N hydrochloric acid and then with a 10% potassium carbonate solution, then with water saturated with sodium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and brought to dryness to provide an oil. colorless which is used without further purification. Yield 34% IR: vCO ester 1742 cm "1
- EXAMPLE 4a Preparation of 1,2,3-tritetradecylthioacetylglvcerol
- the glycerol (1 g, 10.86 mmol) is dissolved in dichloromethane (200 ml) before adding dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (7.84 g, 38.01 mmol), dimethylaminopyridine (4.64 g, 38.01 mmol) and tetradecylthioacetic acid (Example 1a) (9.40 g, 32.58 mmol). The mixture is left stirring at room temperature.
- EXAMPLE 4e Preparation of 1,2,3-tri- (tetradecylsulfonvacetylglycerol This compound is obtained according to the procedure described above (example 4a) from tetradecylsulfonylacetic acid (example 1g) and glycerol.
- EXAMPLE 4g Preparation of 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-tetradecylthioacetylglvcerol
- the 1,3-dipalmitoylglycerol (example 3a) (5.64 g; 9.9 mmol; 1eq)
- tetradecylthioacetic acid (example 1a) (5.74 g; 19.8 mmol; 2eq)
- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 4.1 g; 19.8 mmol; 2eq
- dimethylaminopyridine 2.42 g; 19.8 mmol; 2eq
- the reaction mixture is left under stirring at room temperature for 3 days.
- the dicyclohexylurea formed is filtered and washed several times with dichloromethane. The filtrate is brought to dryness. The residual product is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluent: dichloromethane / cyclohexane 4/6) (yield: 80%).
- the 3-oleoyl-1-palmitoylglycerol (example 3g) (2 g; 3 mmol) is dissolved in dichloromethane (150 ml) before adding the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.040 g; 5 mmol), dimethylaminopyridine (0.616 g; 5 mmol ) and tetradecylthioacetic acid (Example 1 a) (1.455 g; 5 mmol).
- the mixture is left stirring at room temperature for 24 hours, the precipitate of dicyclohexylurea is filtered, rinsed with dichloromethane and the filtrate is concentrated.
- the product is prepared according to the procedure described (example 4g) from 1, 3-dipalmitoylglycerol (example 3a) and docosylthioacetic acid (example 11). Yield: 77%
- EXAMPLE 4q Preparation of 1, 3-dioctanoy 2-tetradecylthioacetylglvcerol
- the product is prepared according to the procedure described (example 4g) from 1, 3-dioctanoylglycerol (example 3i) and tetradecylthioacetic acid (example 1a).
- Efficiency 88%
- EI ⁇ PLE 5a Preparation cS 2 "tétra ⁇ déc ⁇ ll hiQacé ylami os3ro83a @, 3-dîol Tetradecylthioacetic acid (example 1a) (2.878 g; 0.010 mol) and 2-amino-propane-1, 3-diol (1 g; 0.011 mol) are placed in a flask and heated to 190 ° C. for 1 hour After cooling to room temperature, the medium is taken up in chloroform and washed with water The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and then evaporated to give an ocher solid residue. This residue is stirred in diethyl ether for 12 hours. The product is isolated by filtration and gives a white powder. Yield: 6%
- the 2-tetradecylthioacetylaminopropane-1,3-diol (example 5a) (1 g; 2.77 mmol) is dissolved in dichloromethane (180 ml) before adding the dicyclohexycarbodiimide (1.427 g; 6.91 mmol), dimethylaminopyridine (0.845 g; 6.91 mmol) and tetradecylthioacetic acid (Example 1a) (1.995 g; 6.91 mmol).
- the reaction mixture is left under stirring at room temperature for 48 hours.
- the precipitate of dicyclohexylurea is filtered and washed with dichloromethane and the filtrate is concentrated.
- the oleic acid (5.698 g; 20 mmol) and the 1, 3-diaminopropan-2-ol (1 g; 11 mmol) are placed in a flask and heated at 190 ° C for 2 hours.
- the reaction medium is brought to ambient temperature then taken up in chloroform and washed with water.
- the aqueous phase is extracted with chloroform and the organic phases are grouped, dried over magnesium sulphate then filtered and evaporated to dryness to give a black oily residue (6.64 g) which is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluent dichloromethane-methanol 99-1).
- the product obtained is then washed with ether and filtered. Yield: 23%
- This compound is synthesized according to the procedure described above (Example 12) from 1, 3-diaminopropan-2-ol and stearic acid.
- the 1, 3-diaminopropan-2 ⁇ ol (3 g; 0.033 mol) is dissolved in methanol (300 ml) before adding the triethylamine (33 ml and drop by drop) and the di-tert-butyl dicarbonate [(BOC) 2 0] (where BOC corresponds to tert-butyloxycarbonyl) (21,793 g; 0.100 mol).
- BOC di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
- the reaction medium is heated to 40-50 ° C for 20 min and then left with stirring at room temperature for one hour. After evaporation of the solvent, the residual colorless oil is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluent dichloromethane-methanol 95-5).
- 1,8- (di-feff-buto ⁇ ycarbonylamino) -propan-2-ol (example 15a) (1 g; 3.45 mmol), tetradecylthioacetic acid (example 1a) (0.991 g; 3.45 mmol) and dimethylaminopyridine (0.042 g; 0.34 mmol) are dissolved in dichloromethane (40 ml) at 0 ° C before adding dropwise the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.709 g; 3.45 mmol), diluted in dichloromethane.
- reaction medium is left stirring at 0 ° G for 30 min and then brought to room temperature. After 20 hours of reaction, the precipitate of dicyclohexylurea is filtered. The filtrate is brought to dryness. The oily residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluent dichloromethane-cyclohexane 5-5 then dichloromethane-ethyl acetate 98-2).
- Methyl 2,3-diaminopropanoate dihydrochloride (example 18a) (0.500 g; 2.62 mmol) and tetradecylthioacetic acid (example 1a) (1.51 g; 5.23 mmol) are dissolved in dichloromethane (80 ml) at 0 ° C before adding triethylamine (0.79 ml), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.62 g; 7.85 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole (0.707 g; 5.23 mmol).
- the reaction medium is left with stirring at 0 ° C for 1 hour and then brought to room temperature for 48 hours.
- 2,3-ditetradecylthioacetylaminopropan-1-ol (0.200 g; 0.32 mmol) is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (40 ml) before adding dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (65 mg; 0.32 mmol), dimethylaminopyridine (39 mg;
- 1-amino-2,3-ditetradecylthioacetylthiopropane hydrochloride (example 22) (100 mg; 0.140 mmol) and tetradecylthioacetic acid (example 1a) (62 mg; 0.210 mmol) are dissolved in dichloromethane (40 ml) at 0 ° C before adding triethylamine (43ml), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (59 mg 0.28 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazole (29 mg; 0.210 mmol).
- the reactional medium is left under stirring at 0 ° G for 1 hour and then at room temperature; nte for 24 hours.
- 3-tetradecylthioacetylamino-1-triphenylmethyloxypropan-2-ol (2 g; 3.31 mmol) is dissolved in toluene (100 ml) before adding imidazole (0.564 g; 8.28 mmol), triphenylphosphine ( 2.171 g; 8.28 mmol) and iodine (1.681 g; 6.62 mmol) in this order.
- the reaction medium is left under stirring at room temperature for 20 hours.
- a saturated solution of sodium bisulfite is added until complete discoloration of the reaction medium.
- Hydrated sodium hydrogen sulfate 38 mg; 0.68 mmol is suspended in ethanol (20 ml) before adding 2-iodo-3-tetradecylthioacetylamino-1-triphenylmethyloxypropane (example 25b) (200 mg; 0.28 mmol).
- the reaction medium is heated to 70 ° G. 238 mg of hydrated sodium hydrogen sulfate are added over several days. After 6.5 days, the solvent is evaporated, the residue taken up in dichloromethane and washed with water. The aqueous phase is reextracted and the combined organic phases are washed with a 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution and then with a saturated solution of sodium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate.
- reaction medium is left under stirring at room temperature for 17 hours and 0.5 equivalents of imidazole, triphenylphosphine and iodine are added. After 21 hours of reaction, a saturated solution of sodium sulfite is added until the reaction medium is completely discolored.
- the phases are decanted and the aqueous phase is extracted twice with toluene.
- the combined organic phases are washed with a saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the solvent evaporated.
- the residue obtained (11.02 g) is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluent dichloromethane-ethyl acetate 95-5) to give the desired compound in the form of a yellow paste which is rapidly reacted.
- the 1-amino-2-tetradecylthioacetyloxy-3-tetradecylthioacetylthiopropane hydrochloride (example 27) (100 mg; 0.15 mmol) and tetradecylthioacetic acid (example 1a) (63 mg; 0.22 mmol) are dissolved in dichloromethane (30 ml) at 0 ° C before adding triethylamine (0.044 ml), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (60 mg; 0.29 mmol) and Hydroxybenzotriazole (30 mg; 0.22 mmol).
- the reaction medium is left stirring at 0 ° C for 1 hour and then brought to room temperature for 48 hours.
- Example 29 Methods of preparing the compounds according to the invention for in vivo studies and search for the most effective preparation.
- the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) used is a sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose of medium viscosity (Ref. C4888, Sigma-aldrich, France).
- the Tween used is Polyoxyethylenesorbitan Monooleate (Tween 80, Ref. P8074, Sigma-aldrich, France).
- a 0.5% CMC solution (w / v) is prepared in water and mixed with 0.1% Twee ⁇ 80 (v / v) and then stirred overnight. The compounds according to the invention are then dissolved by stirring and by ultrasound for 30 minutes at 60 ° C.
- the emulsion comprising a compound according to the invention and a surfactant, Cremophor ® RH40 (Polyoxyl 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil) or Solutol ® HS15 (polyethylene glycol 660 12-hydroxystearate) is prepared according to the following protocol: the compound according to invention is dissolved in a solution of Cremophor ® RH40 or Solutol ® HS15 previously heated in a water bath at 60 ° C in a ratio for example of 6/1 (w / w). The mixture is placed in a water bath at 60 ° C until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. This mixture is then dispersed by ultrasound for 20 minutes at 60 ° C. The solution then becomes translucent.
- Cremophor ® RH40 Polyoxyl 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil
- Solutol ® HS15 polyethylene glycol 660 12-hydroxystearate
- the solution With stirring, the solution is completed with water (MilliQ) previously heated to 60 ° C according to the concentration of the desired compound.
- the solution is then mixed with Vortex ® then returned to a water bath (60 ° C) and optionally dispersed with ultrasound for 30 minutes.
- Cremophor ® RH40 and Solutol ® HS15 are supplied by BASF (Ludwigshasen, Germany).
- the compounds according to the invention were thus prepared as an emulsion prepared with Cremophor ® RH40 as described hereinabove.
- EXAMPLE 30 Method for preparing the compounds according to the invention for in vitro studies.
- the compounds according to the invention were prepared in the form of an emulsion as described below.
- the emulsion comprising a compound according to the invention and phosphatidylcholine (PC) is prepared according to the protocol of Spooner et al. (Spooner, Clark et al. 1988).
- the compound according to the invention is mixed with the PC in a 4: 1 ratio (w / w) in chloroform, the mixture is dried under nitrogen, then evaporated overnight under vacuum, the resulting powder is taken up by 0 , 16 M of potassium chloride containing 0.01 M of EDTA then the lipid particles are dispersed by ultrasound for 30 minutes at 37 ° C.
- the liposomes formed are then separated by ultracentrifugation (ultracentrifuge XL 80, Beckman Coulter, Villepinte, France) at 25,000 rpm for 45 minutes to recover the liposomes whose size is greater than 100 nm and approaches that of chylomicrons.
- Ultracentrifugation ultracentrifuge XL 80, Beckman Coulter, Villepinte, France
- Liposomes consisting solely of PC are prepared in parallel to serve as a negative control.
- composition of the liposomes in compounds according to the invention is estimated using the enzymocolorimetric assay kit for triglycerides.
- the assay is carried out against a standard range, prepared using the CFAS lipid calibrator Ref. No. 759350 (Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Germany).
- the standard range was built from 16 to 500 ⁇ g / ml.
- 100 ⁇ l of each sample or standard range dilution are deposited per well of a titration plate (96 wells).
- 200 ⁇ l of triglyceride reagents Ref. 701912, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Germany
- the optical densities (OD) are read at 492 nm on the spectrophotometer.
- liposomes containing the compounds according to the invention, thus prepared are used in the in vitro experiments described in the following examples.
- Example 31 Evaluation of the activation of PPARs in vitro by the compounds according to the invention
- the nuclear receptors members of the PPAR subfamily which are activated by two major classes of pharmaceutical compounds, fibrates and glitazones, which are widely used in human clinics for the treatment dyslipidemia and diabetes play an important role in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis.
- the following experimental data show that the compounds according to the invention activate PPAR ⁇ in vitro.
- PPARs The activation of PPARs is evaluated in vitro in lines of fibroblastic type RK13 or in a hepatocyte line HepG2, by measuring the transcriptional activity of chimeras consisting of the DNA binding domain of the yeast transcription factor Gal4 and of the ligand binding domain of the different PPARs.
- the example presented below is given for HepG2 cells.
- the HepG2 cells come from ECACC (Porton Down, UK) and are cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% (v / v) fetal calf serum, 100 U / ml penicillin (Gibco, Paisley, UK) and 2 m L-Glutamine (Gibco, Paisley, UK).
- the culture medium is changed every two days.
- the cells are stored at 37 ° G in a humid atmosphere containing 5% of carbon dioxide and 95% of air.
- the HepG2 cells are seeded in 24-well culture dishes at the rate of 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, are transfected for 2 hours with the reporter plasmid pG5TkpGL3 (50 ng / well), the expression vectors pGal4-f, pGaW- PPAR ⁇ , pGal4-hPPAR ⁇ ,. , pGal4-hPPAR ⁇ or pGal4-hPPAR ⁇ (100 ng / well) and the vector for controlling the transfection efficiency pRL-CMV (1 ng / well) according to the protocol described above (Raspe, Madsen et al. 1999) and incubated for 36 hours with the test compounds.
- the reporter plasmid pG5TkpGL3 50 ng / well
- the cells are lysed (Gibco, Paisley, UK) and the luciferase activities are determined using the Dual-Luciferase TM Reporter Assay System assay kit (Promega, Madison, Wl, USA) according to the supplier's instructions.
- the protein content of the cell extracts is then evaluated using the Bio-Rad Protein Assay assay kit (Bio-Rad, M ⁇ nchen, Germany) according to the supplier's instructions.
- the inventors demonstrate an increase in luciferase activity in cells treated with the compounds according to the invention and transfected with the plasmid pGal4-hPPAR ⁇ . This induction of luciferase activity indicates that the compounds according to the invention are activators of PPAR ⁇ .
- An example of results obtained with compounds according to the invention is presented in FIG.
- FIG. 3 HepG2 cells, transfected with the plasmids of the Gal4 / PPAR ⁇ system, are incubated with different concentrations (5, 15, 50 and 100 ⁇ M) of the compounds according to the invention (Ex 2a, Ex 4a, Ex 4p, Ex 5a Ex 7 and Ex 11) for 24 hours as well as with different vehicle concentrations (PG) - noted 1, 2, 3, 4 as controls respectively for the concentrations 5, 15, 50 and 100 ⁇ M of the compounds according to the invention (according to the 4: 1 w / w ratio described in Example 2 (Method for preparing the compounds according to the invention for in vitro studies)).
- PG vehicle concentrations
- the results are represented by the induction factor (luminescent signal of the treated cells divided by the luminescent signal of the untreated cells) according to the different treatments.
- the results show that the compound according to the invention Ex 2a promotes the induction of the luminescent signal by a maximum factor of 62 to 100 ⁇ M, from 41 to 50 ⁇ M, from 31 to 15 ⁇ M and from 17 to 5 ⁇ M.
- the compound according to the invention Ex 4a also induces an increase in the induction factor with a dose effect of 33 to 100 ⁇ M, 23 to 50 ⁇ M, 15 to 15 ⁇ M and 6 to 5 ⁇ M.
- the compound according to the invention Ex 4p also induces an increase in the luminescent signal, revealing an activity on the nuclear receptor PPAR ⁇ .
- the induction factors for the compound Ex 4p are 35 to 100 ⁇ M, 44 to 50 ⁇ M, 36 to 15 ⁇ M and 24 to 5 ⁇ M.
- the induction factors for the compound Ex 5a are from 32 to 100 ⁇ M, 34 to 50 ⁇ M, 15 to 15 ⁇ M and 4 to 5 ⁇ M
- the compound according to the invention Ex 7 induces an increase in the luminescent signal by a factor from 19 to 100 ⁇ M, from 19 to 50 ⁇ M, from 7 to 15 ⁇ M and from 1.5 to 5 ⁇ M.
- cytokines and free radicals The inflammatory response appears in many neurological disorders, such as cerebral ischemia.
- inflammation is one of the important factors of neurodegeneration.
- One of the first reactions of glia cells to stroke is to release cytokines and free radicals.
- cytokines and free radicals The consequence of this release of cytokines and free radicals is an inflammatory response in the brain and which can lead to the death of neurons (Rothwell 1997).
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- Escherichia coli 0111: B4; Sigma, France bacterial endotoxin
- the cells are treated with an LPS concentration of 1 ⁇ g / ml for 24 hours.
- the cell culture medium is completely changed.
- TNF-D is an important factor in the inflammatory response to stress (oxidant for example).
- the cell culture medium stimulated is taken and the amount of TNF- ⁇ is evaluated with an ELISA-TNF- ⁇ kit (Immunotech, France).
- the samples are diluted 50 times in order to be in line with the standard range (Chang, Hudson et al. 2000).
- the anti-inflammatory property of the compounds is characterized in the following way: the culture medium of the cells is completely changed and the cells are incubated with the compounds to be tested for 2 hours. After this incubation, LPS is added to the culture medium at a final concentration of 1 ⁇ g / ml. After 24 hours of incubation, the cell supernatant is recovered and stored at -80 ° C when it is not treated directly. The cells are lysed and the amount of protein is measured, using the Bio-Rad Protein Assay assay kit (Bio-Rad, M ⁇ nchen, Germany) according to the supplier's instructions.
- the measurement of the decrease in TNF ⁇ ⁇ secretion favored by the treatment with the test compounds is expressed in pg / ml / ⁇ g of protein and reported as a percentage compared to the control. This shows that the compounds according to the invention have anti-inflammatory properties.
- the LDLs are prepared according to the method described by Lebeau et al. (Lebeau, Furman et al. 2000).
- the solutions of compounds to be tested are prepared at 10 "2 M in ethanol and diluted in PBS to have final concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 ⁇ M for a total ethanol concentration of 1% (v / v ).
- EDTA is removed from the LDL preparation by dialysis.
- the oxidation then takes place at 30 ° C by adding 100 ⁇ l of a 16.6 ⁇ M solution of copper sulphate at 800 ⁇ L of LDL (125 ⁇ g of protein / ml) and 100 ⁇ l of a solution of the test compound.
- the formation of dienes, the species to be observed, is measured by optical density at 234 nm in the samples treated with the compounds in the presence or absence of copper.
- the optical density at 234 nm is measured every 10 minutes for 8 hours using a thermostated spectrophotometer (Kontron Uvikon 930). The analyzes are carried out in triplicate.
- FIG. 4A An example of results obtained with compounds according to the invention is presented in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 4A it can be observed that the incubation of LDL with the compounds according to the invention, delays the formation of conjugated dienes.
- the lag-phase is 104 minutes for copper alone while the time for the appearance of conjugated dienes reaches 282 minutes when the LDLs are incubated with the compound according to the invention Ex 4g (compound according to the invention described in the example 4g above) at 10 "4 M.
- the compound according to the invention Ex 4a also shifts the lag phase to 270 minutes. These two compounds induce an increase in lag phase of 170 and 160% respectively.
- the Ex compounds 4h, 4o, 2a and 9 allow a lag-phase shift, corresponding respectively to 43, 37, 67 and 33% increase.
- the delay in the formation of conjugated dienes is characteristic of antioxidant products.
- FIG. 4C shows that the incubation of LDL with copper results in the formation of 496 nmol / mg of LDL from conjugated dienes.
- Incubation with compound Ex 4a (10 "4 M) results in a reduction of 60% of the maximum amount of conjugated dienes formed.
- Compounds Ex 4g and 4h (lO ⁇ M) also limit the formation of conjugated dienes. The incubation of LDL with these compounds decreases the maximum amount of dienes formed by 31 and 24% respectively.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0301691 | 2003-02-12 | ||
| FR0301691A FR2850870B1 (fr) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-02-12 | Utilisation therapeutique de glycerols acyles et de leurs analogues azotes et sulfures |
| PCT/FR2004/000322 WO2004073698A1 (fr) | 2003-02-12 | 2004-02-12 | Utilisation therapeutique de glycerols acyles et de leurs analogues azotes et sulfures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1596845A1 true EP1596845A1 (fr) | 2005-11-23 |
Family
ID=32731989
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04710415A Withdrawn EP1596845A1 (fr) | 2003-02-12 | 2004-02-12 | Utilisation therapeutique de glycerols acyles et de leurs analogues azotes et sulfures |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060154984A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1596845A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2850870B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004073698A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2828487B1 (fr) * | 2001-08-09 | 2005-05-27 | Genfit S A | Nouveaux composes derives d'acides gras, preparation et utilisations |
| MX2022005007A (es) | 2019-10-28 | 2022-08-08 | Geron Corp | Sólidos cristalinos de 3-palmitoil-amido-1, 2-propanodiol y 3-palmitoil-amido-2-hidroxi-1-dimetoxitrifenilmetileter-propano y métodos para elaborarlos y usarlos. |
| AU2020372865A1 (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2022-05-26 | Geron Corporation | Amorphous solid succinylated 3-(fatty acid amido)-2-hydroxy-1-(protected hydroxy)-propane salts and methods of making the same |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2828487B1 (fr) * | 2001-08-09 | 2005-05-27 | Genfit S A | Nouveaux composes derives d'acides gras, preparation et utilisations |
| RU2331649C2 (ru) * | 2002-06-20 | 2008-08-20 | Ай-Си Ви-И-Си Лимитед | Серосодержащие фосфолипидные производные, содержащая их фармацевтическая композиция, их применение для лечения заболеваний и способ их получения |
-
2003
- 2003-02-12 FR FR0301691A patent/FR2850870B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-02-12 WO PCT/FR2004/000322 patent/WO2004073698A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-02-12 EP EP04710415A patent/EP1596845A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-02-12 US US10/542,512 patent/US20060154984A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004073698A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2850870B1 (fr) | 2006-07-28 |
| FR2850870A1 (fr) | 2004-08-13 |
| WO2004073698A1 (fr) | 2004-09-02 |
| US20060154984A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1673338B1 (fr) | Composes derives d'acides gras preparation et utilisations | |
| RU2543720C2 (ru) | Композиции для лечения воспаления и способы лечения воспаления | |
| CA2490986C (fr) | Derives de 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one substitues, preparation et utilisations | |
| US20100105773A1 (en) | Use of resolvins and docosatrienes and analogues thereof for the treatment of angiogenesis and ocular neovascularization | |
| ES2569371T3 (es) | Compuestos del ácido 7,14-dihidroxidocosahexaenoico | |
| JP2012513774A (ja) | ニトロ脂肪酸を含有する栄養補助物 | |
| EP2435019A1 (fr) | Amides de Dodeca-2E,4E-diène, leur préparation et utilisation en tant que médicaments et produits cosmétiques | |
| Bazan | Survival signaling in retinal pigment epithelial cells in response to oxidative stress: significance in retinal degenerations | |
| EP2868662A1 (fr) | Dérivés de la pantéthéine stable pour le traitement de la neurodégénérescence associée de pantothénate kinase (pkan) et procédés pour la synthèse de ces composés | |
| CA2064592A1 (fr) | Derives d'amino-acides, leur procede de preparation et leur application therapeutique | |
| EP3592360A1 (fr) | AceFaPC POUR LE TRAITEMENT DES MALADIES ACÉTYLCHOLINE DÉPENDANTES | |
| JP5246833B2 (ja) | アディポネクチン産生増強剤 | |
| EP3091972A1 (fr) | Méthode de traitement de troubles hépatiques | |
| EP1596845A1 (fr) | Utilisation therapeutique de glycerols acyles et de leurs analogues azotes et sulfures | |
| ES2555782T3 (es) | Fármaco para prevenir y/o tratar hígado graso o esteatosis hepática no alcohólica | |
| EP1594486A2 (fr) | Aminopropanediols acyles et leurs analogues azotes et sulfures pour diverses applications therapeutiques | |
| EP1587508A1 (fr) | Utilisation therapeutique d 'acylglycerols et de leurs analogues azotes et sulfures | |
| WO2004074239A1 (fr) | Aminopropanediols acyles et analogues et leurs utilisations therapeutiques | |
| WO2021162103A1 (fr) | Composé et son utilisation | |
| WO2013015288A1 (fr) | Inhibiteur d'activité de lipase | |
| EP2981521A1 (fr) | Nouveaux derives de chalcone presentant une activite anti-allergique | |
| FR2843590A1 (fr) | Derives de l'acide r(+)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoique a action glycinergique | |
| HK1166305B (en) | Compositions and methods for the treatment of inflammation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20050701 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: NAJIB, JAMILA Inventor name: CAUMONT-BERTRAND, KARINE Inventor name: DARTEIL, RAPHAEL |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20070817 |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20081017 |