EP1587987B1 - Method for installing a pre-fabricated unit and measuring device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for setting up a finished part, in particular a precast slab for the construction of a slab track, which forms a route together with a plurality of successively arranged prefabricated parts, with polygon points which determine an outer geometry of the course of the track and a device for receiving a plurality Measuring prisms, which is arranged on a finished part, in particular a precast slab for the construction of a slab track.

From the EP 0 780 514 B1 For example, a method is known for spatially accurate positioning of manufacturing equipment which is controlled using reference points to position rail fasteners with the desired accuracy at the desired location. The production device is mobile and can detect at least one reference point by measurement at selected positions. The positioning of the rail fastening bodies is controlled by the manufacturing facility in dependence on the position to the reference points. On the manufacturing device for this purpose sensors are designed as television cameras, which determines the altitude of the manufacturing facility compared to the height of the respective associated reference point. The deviation of the actual position from the desired position is calculated, whereupon the manufacturing device is displaced in the longitudinal and transverse direction into the desired position. Subsequently, the rail fastening body is positioned and fastened.

A disadvantage of this device is that a precise laying of the rail fastening body requires a large number of reference points in order to be able to carry out the positioning of the rail fastening body in the accuracy required for high-speed railways. The reference points must be arranged along the track so that the manufacturing facility can orientate it. It takes a lot of work to create the reference points. In addition, although the position of a production device is determined exactly with the proposed method. However, whether the manufacturing device then properly positions the rail fastener body is not checked by the proposed method.

Furthermore, the DE 100 45 468 A1 a track measuring device with a track measuring carriage for determining the relative and / or absolute position of a track for rail vehicles, wherein the track measuring carriage has a long chord measuring device which is aligned in the longitudinal direction of the track. The long-chord measuring device allows additional, relative measurement of the track.

In the DE 100 48 842 A1 a threshold adjustment device is disclosed, which is suitable for positioning a plurality of arranged in a rail track longitudinal direction successively on a support plate thresholds in an intended installation in a Füllmateriallage installation position. This comprises a rail arrangement which can be laid in the longitudinal direction of the railroad track and a threshold installation arrangement which can be adjusted over all thresholds to be positioned in an alignment process and which is provided for bearing against the rail support areas of the threshold and adjustable in its vertical position and lateral position with respect to the railroad track length direction. Furthermore, the threshold adjustment device comprises a threshold fixing arrangement, by means of which each of the thresholds to be positioned with respect to the threshold installation arrangement can be fixed when the threshold installation arrangement is to be positioned at the rail support areas of the threshold installation arrangement to be positioned during an adjustment procedure.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a measuring device with which the abovementioned disadvantages are avoided and in particular a fast and reliable installation of prefabricated panels is made possible with little personnel expenditure. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to be able to use simple and standardized measuring devices for a precise measurement and setup of the finished parts.

The object is solved with the features of the independent claims.

The inventive method is used to set up a finished part, in particular a precast slab for the construction of a slab track. Several successively arranged finished parts form a route. The composite of the precast track has polygon points, which determine an outer geometry of the course of the route. According to the invention, at a first polygon point, a measuring device, in particular a tachymeter, is set up at a first polygon point and oriented with respect to at least one destination point, so that an orientation line is thereby erected. Subsequently, measuring points of the finished part are measured starting from this target point orientation with respect to their actual position in relation to the orientation line and compared with their desired position. The finished part is then set up in accordance with the difference between the actual position and the setpoint position. The orientation of the tachymeter and the measurement of the actual position of the measuring points of the finished part happens in that a target line or orientation line is created between the total station and the target point, from which starting the position of the measuring points is determined. For this purpose, the angle between the orientation line and the line between tachymeter and measuring point as well as the distance of the measuring point from the total station is determined and compared with nominal values. If these setpoints do not agree with the required actual values, the finished part is corrected in its position. In contrast to the individual polygon points, which determine the outer geometry of the route, the finish lines of the individual finished parts are components of the inner geometry of the route, ie they determine the proximity accuracy of successive finished parts.

According to the invention, the polygon points are chosen near the axis of the route. These near-axis polygon points are subject to the parameters of the inner geometry to be observed with respect to their neighborhood accuracy. This means that adjacent polygon points have only a very small deviation from the required inner geometry. Overall, the polygon points represent the outer geometry of the section and can allow a greater tolerance in this regard. Magnitudes of the tolerance, which are readily achievable with the inventive measuring system, are in precast parts for the construction of a slab track with respect to the proximity accuracy or inner geometry about +/- 0.2 mm. The near-axis polygon points have the advantage that they map the outer geometry of the track and thus allow the actual routing of the track on the axis defined by the polygon points.

Advantageously, the measuring points are measured with regard to their position relative to the line between tachymeter and target point. The decisive factor is the distance between the tachymeter and the measuring point and the angle between the finish line and the line from the tachymeter to the measuring point. For the distance measurement of the distance between tachymeter and measuring point, a tolerance of about +/- 1 mm when laying a slab track is insignificant. Instead of the angular deviation from the target line, the transverse deviation from the target line can also be used to assess the accuracy of the measuring point. This is often the better and easier way to determine the position of the measuring point. A tolerance of +/- 0.1 mm may be allowed.

With these tolerances, the position of the finished part or its measuring points of the target line, ie given with respect to the internal geometry with very high accuracy. The kinks between the individual sections, which are determined by the finished parts, are thereby particularly low. It is assumed that the finished parts are made very accurate in itself. The operation of fast moving trains on the precast slabs of the slab track is thus very comfortable and safe to carry out.

The measuring points of the finished part are advantageously measuring prisms, which are arranged on the finished part. You can either with a gauge, which simulates, for example, the upper edge of the rails, be placed on the finished part and thus indirectly indicate the position of the finished part, or be placed directly on the finished part and thus specify the location of the finished part immediately.

It is particularly advantageous if a measuring prism arranged at a polygon point is used as the target point. The measuring prism is particularly well suited for sighting by the measuring device or the tachymeter. If the measuring prism is arranged at a polygonal point, then the line between tachymeter and polygonal point forms the orientation or target line at which the finished part is aligned. With a correspondingly accurate positioning of the individual polygon points, the tachymeter and the measuring prism at the respective polygonal point, a sufficiently accurate target line is created, which enables the laying of finished parts with only slight kinks.

If the target point is placed on a finely oriented, preferably on the last finely oriented finished part, the laying of the successive finished parts is made even more accurate than is the case with the arrangement of the target point at a polygonal point. A possible inaccuracy in the laying of the last finely oriented finished part is thus compensated. The actual inner geometry is thereby additionally smoothed.

Advantageously, the finished part by means of adjusting elements, in particular spindles on a substrate, in particular a hydraulically bound Support layer (HGT) worn. By turning the spindles, the finished part is brought into its desired position according to the specifications of the measurement.

If the adjusting elements, in particular spindles, are screwed to ground contact before measuring the actual position, then a defined position of the spindles and of the finished part is created, from which starting the setting up of the finished part can be carried out.

It is particularly simple if the ground contact of the spindle is determined by a predefined torque on the spindle. As soon as this torque is applied to the spindle or the screwdriver, a defined position of the spindle and the finished part is obtained, from which starting the adjustment of the finished part then takes place. In order to obtain additional security when fine-tuning the finished parts, it is advantageous if the difference between the actual position and the desired position is first displayed and released before the actual setting up of the finished part. This avoids that in a faulty measurement, the finished part is set up incorrectly and the measurement and setup of the finished part must be completely redone. The display can be used to carry out a plausibility check and, if necessary, to repeat the measurement.

If the spindles are adjusted with automatically controlled screwdrivers, a very personnel-saving, fast and reliable set-up of the finished part is possible.

It is particularly simple and advantageous if the measurement of the measuring points takes place automatically. The tachymeter performs the determination of the actual position in all measuring points independently and then displays the adjustment or adjustment data of the adjusting elements, in particular the spindles by means of a display device. The manual aiming of the individual measuring points by an operator is thereby no longer necessary. After the actual position determined, compared with the desired position and the difference was calculated, the device of the finished part, in particular by the adjustment of the adjusting elements, in particular the spindles is made. Subsequently, the measuring points are measured again and compared with their desired position. If the difference is still outside the allowable tolerance, then the fine-straightening process is repeated until the difference between the actual and desired position no longer exceeds a predetermined value.

The last measured values of the fine-straightening process are advantageously stored as a measurement protocol in order to be able to document the position of the finished part and, if necessary, to be able to prove to the client.

A measuring device according to the invention, which can be used in the implementation of the method according to the invention for setting up a finished part, has the features of claim 15.

The measuring device has the particular advantage that it creates the assignment of the individual measuring prisms to one another in the case of a plurality of measuring prisms and thus no longer makes it necessary to set these measuring prisms relative to one another during the fine-tuning of a finished part. The measuring device forms, so to speak, a measuring gauge for setting up the finished part. The measuring prisms are here at defined positions with respect to the finished part and can thus be adhered to when measuring any number of finished parts. After a finished part has been set up, the measuring device is removed from this finished part and spent on the next finished part. There, it only needs to be roughly positioned to be able to create the targets for the measurement of the finished part.

Advantageously, the measuring prism of the measuring device is arranged in the region of a supporting spindle of the finished part. As a result, the measured value on the measuring prism can be converted directly into an adjustment of the supporting spindle. It is thus clear that when adjusting the spindle by a certain amount and the position of the measuring prism is changed by this amount. An additional conversion is therefore not required.

If the measuring prism is arranged in the region of a rail support point, then the bearing of a rail on the finished part of a slab track can be measured. The measuring prism can be placed directly on the rail support or arranged according to a particularly advantageous embodiment at a predetermined distance from the rail support and thereby correspond, for example, the distance of the upper edge of the rail of the finished part.

By arranging the measuring prism at a defined distance from the finished part of the later built rail is simulated and aligned according to this decisive for the driving of the train point.

According to the invention, at least two measuring prisms, which describe the distance between two parallel rails relative to one another, are arranged on the measuring prism carrier, so that the finished part plate is aligned in accordance with the track profile. This ensures a particularly comfortable operation of the rail vehicle, as shocks are avoided. In addition, additional special adjustment measures and compensatory measures on the rails during their installation are hardly required. By this arrangement also height differences in the surface of the finished part balanced near the spindle and thus cause a uniform defined course of the rails.

A good measurement and positioning of the measuring device can be ensured if the Messprung carrier according to the invention comprises a device for the measuring prism, which is placed on a rail support point and then corresponds to the distance of a rail head of the rail support. The device thus defines a rail head at the predefined distance from its bearing point. It can also be a substructure, which is arranged for example in the form of rubber plates under the rail, are taken into account at the appropriate distance.

In order to be able to measure several finished parts in succession, it is particularly advantageous if the measuring device is displaceable on the finished part. For this purpose, for example, wheels can be connected to the measuring device, which guide the measuring device on the finished part and can be pushed onto the subsequent finished part after setting up the finished part.

If at least one positioning motor for adjusting a supporting spindle of the finished part is arranged on the measuring device, the setting up of the finished part is very quick and easy to carry out. With a corresponding signal to the actuator this is set in motion and rotates the support spindle of the finished part by a predetermined amount to raise or lower the finished part.

It is particularly advantageous if the servo motor aligns the finished part both in height and transversely to the longitudinal axis of the finished part. For this purpose, the same or another servomotor may be provided, wherein a servomotor for the height adjustment and another servomotor for the transverse adjustment of the finished part is determined.

For an automatic adjustment of the position of the finished part is advantageously provided that the servo motor is controlled by a computer or an evaluation of the tachymeter. The measured values obtained from the tachymeter can be forwarded via the controller directly to the servomotors and cause a corresponding adjustment of the finished part in its desired position.

With a bank angle sensor, the measurement can advantageously take place in conjunction with a measurement prism arranged in series, and thus alternatively determine the position of the finished part.

Figur 1

eine Draufsicht auf eine Messeinrichtung,

Figur 2

eine Querschnitt durch eine Fertigteilplatte mit einer Messvorrichtung und

Figur 3

die Draufsicht auf eine weitere Messanordnung.

Further advantages of the invention are described in the following exemplary embodiments. Show it:

FIG. 1

a top view of a measuring device,

FIG. 2

a cross section through a precast plate with a measuring device and

FIG. 3

the top view of another measuring arrangement.

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a measuring arrangement on three successive precast slab plate 1 for rail-guided vehicles. Each of the prefabricated panels 1 has rail supports 2 on which, after the prefabricated panel 1 has been set up, rails for the rail-guided vehicle are mounted. The precast plate 1, which is partially drawn on the left in the figure, is already in its desired position, while the middle and right precast plate 1 'and 1 "still have to be set up FIG. 1 shows the setting of the middle prefabricated panel 1 '.

Between the prefabricated panels 1 polygon points 3 and 3 'are arranged. The polygon points essentially mark the outer geometry of the route. Within the outer geometry, which may have relatively large deviations from the desired geometry, the inner geometry, i. the course of the polygon, which results from the juxtaposition of a plurality of prefabricated panels 1, be as even as possible in order to carry out the driving operation of the vehicle particularly comfortable.

The polygon point 3 is located between the prefabricated panel 1 already set up and the precast panel 1 'to be set up. He served for the establishment of precast panel 1 as a viewpoint for a total station 4. This tachymeter 4 is now on the polygon point 3 'for setting up the precast panel 1'. To orient the tachymeter 4, the tachymeter 4 aims with a beam at a target prism 5, which is located on the polygon point 3. Between the tachymeter 4 and the target prism 5 an orientation line 6 is thereby constructed, after which the precast slab 1 'is aligned.

On the precast plate 1 'is a measuring device 10. At the measuring device 10 six measuring prisms 11.1 to 11.6 are arranged. The measuring prisms 11.1 to 11.6 are located at bases 2 of the precast panel 1 '. In addition, the measuring prisms are 11.1 to 11.6 in the vicinity of spindles 12, which are provided for the adjustment of the precast plate 1 '. The adjustment of the spindles 12 takes place with servomotors 13, which rotates the spindle 12 more or less far in a thread and thus the precast plate 1 'raises or lowers.

To measure the actual position of the precast slab 1, the deviation of the individual measuring prisms 11.1 to 11.6 is determined with the aid of the tachymeter 4 starting from the orientation line 6. For this purpose, the distance of the individual measuring prisms 11.1 to 11.6 is measured by the tachymeter 4 and the angle α between the orientation line 6 and the measuring beam 14.1 to 14.6 to the detected individual measuring prisms 11.1 to 11.6. The values are compared with a given target value. If the two values lie within a permissible tolerance, the precast slab 1 'is set up. Otherwise, the respective spindle 12 is actuated via a signal to the servomotors 13 and the finished part plate 1 'is changed in its position. Subsequently, measurements are again started on the measuring prisms and the present position compared with the desired value. This procedure continues until the setpoints and the actual values are within a permissible tolerance range.

When the prefabricated panel 1 'is set up, the measuring apparatus 10 is dismantled and brought to the prefabricated panel 1 "This is done by translating the tachymeter 4 to a next polygonal point 3. The target prism 5 is placed on the polygonal point 3' and the measuring apparatus 10 is moved from the precast slab 1 'on the precast slab 1 ". For this purpose, the measuring device 10 has wheels 15 which can roll on the precast slab 1 'and 1. For tracking the measuring device 10, it has, in addition to the wheels 15, supporting wheels 16 which laterally engage the precast slabs 1 and thus the measuring device 10 The measuring device 10 is then positioned on the precast slab 1 "so that the servomotors 13 can engage the spindles 12 and rotate them to position the slab 1. The measurement process for setting the precast slab 1" is then performed in FIG same as in the plate 1 'performed.

As an alternative or in addition to these measurements, the measurement of only one guide strand, ie only the measuring prisms of a row, that is to say measuring prisms 11.2, 11.4 and 11.6 or 11.1, 11.3 and 11.5, can be carried out. In this case, the values of bank angle sensors 110 which indicate the bank angle of the board 1 on the basis of the measured measuring prisms are used as additional measured values. This also allows a very accurate determination of the position of the precast slab 1 done. The bank sensors, Also called inclinometer, are arranged for example on the connecting struts of the measuring device 10. The required setting of the spindles 17 can be calculated from their signals in conjunction with the values of the measuring prisms.

The FIG. 2 shows a section through a precast slab 1, which is arranged with spindles 12 on a hydraulically bonded support layer 20. The spindles 12 support the prefabricated panel 1 on the upper side of the base layer 20. In the support layer 20 of the polygon point 3 is arranged, which defines the outer geometry of the route. At the polygon point 3, the total station 4 is arranged. The tachymeter 4 sends a measuring beam 14.1 and 14.2 to the measuring prisms 11.1 and 11.2. From the position of these measuring prisms 11.1 and 11.2 to a desired position, the position of the precast slab 1 is determined.

The measuring prisms 11.1 and 11.2 are located on the measuring device 10. They are arranged on the support points 2 of the precast plate 1 by means of feet 21. The feet 21 simulate the later mounted on the bases 2 track. The measuring prisms 11.1 and 11.2 are thus at a height which corresponds to the later rail head. In order to be able to take into account the gauge of the track during the measurement of the prefabricated panel 1, the two measuring prisms 11.1 and 11.2 are connected to a connecting rod 22.

In order to transport the laying of the measuring device 10 from an equipped precast slab 1 to a new precast slab 1, the measuring device 10 has wheels 15. The feet 21, the connecting rod 22 and the servomotors 13 are arranged on the measuring device 10. The displacement of the measuring device 10 can thereby be carried out very quickly and without large personnel expenses.

FIG. 3 shows a measuring method, which in principle the measuring method of FIG. 1 corresponds, but works even more precisely with respect to the inner geometry. The determination of the orientation line does not happen with the sighting of a polygon point 3, which is near an already established precast slab 1. The orientation line 6 'is rather directed to points which are already set up exactly and which are located on the precast slab 1. For this purpose, an auxiliary device 25 is arranged on support points 2 of the precast slab 1, which has target prisms 5 '. The total station 4 is now oriented to these target prisms 5 ', whereby two orientation lines 6' arise. The measurement of the measuring prisms 11.1 to 11.6 now takes place starting from the orientation lines 6 '. An inaccuracy existing between the polygon point 3 and the actually installed precast slab 1 is eliminated by this set-up method because the actual precast slab 1 already set up is authoritative.

Another difference of this measuring method compared to the measuring method according to FIG. 1 is that the tachymeter 4 is not located at the nearest polygon point 3, but at a more distant polygon point 3. This results in a longer measuring beam, which causes a more accurate measurement and thus a lower measurement error. The precast panel 1 'can thereby be set up even more precisely.

The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, in particular, a combination of the two in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 illustrated embodiments of the invention take place. Thus, for example, the tachymeter 4 can be arranged closer to the precast panel to be set up than in FIG. 3 is shown. In addition, it is not necessary in any case that the adjustment of the spindles 12 by means of actuators 13 takes place. The adjustment of the spindles 12 can of course also be done manually. Incidentally, it is sufficient in most cases when only a height adjustment with the spindles 12 takes place. The lateral Adjustment of the precast plate with the spindles 17 and possibly connected actuators 13 will not be required in every case. It can also be adjusted manually via appropriate adjustment devices. Of course, it is also possible to use another equivalent adjusting element instead of the spindles. There are, for example, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, which bring the precast plate in the desired position.

Claims (20)

1. A method for setting up a finished part (1), particularly a prefabricated slab for building a solid roadway, forming a road together with a plurality of finished parts (1) disposed one after the other, having polygon points (3) determining an external geometry of the course of the road, characterized in that the polygon points (3) are selected near the axis of the road, that a measuring device, particularly a tachymeter (4), is set up at a first polygon point (3), that the measuring device is oriented with respect to at least one target point (5; 5'), so that an orientation line (6, 6') is thereby established, that a plurality of measurement points of the finished part (1) are subsequently measured in terms of the actual position thereof relative to the orientation line (6, 6') and compared to the specified position, and that the finished part (1) is set up according to the difference between the actual and specified position.
2. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that adjacent polygon points (3) do not exceed a predefined tolerance to the external geometry.
3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement points are measuring prisms (11) disposed on the finished part (1).
4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the target point (5, 5') is a measuring prism disposed at a polygon point (3).
5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the target point (5, 5') is set up on a precisely aligned finished part (1), preferably the most recently precisely aligned finished part (1).
6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the finished part (1) is supported by means of an adjusting element, particularly spindles (12) on a subgrade.
7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting elements, particularly the spindles (12), are screwed into contact with the soil before measuring the actual position.
8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the soil contact of the spindles (12) is determined by means of a predefined torque on the spindle (12).
9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the difference between the actual and the specified positions and/or the adjusting values of the adjusting elements, particularly the spindles (12), are displayed and approved prior to setting up
10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spindles (12) are adjusted by means of automatically controlled adjusting screwing tool (13).
11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring of the measurement points takes place automatically.
12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the precision aligning process is repeated until the difference between the actual and specified positions no longer exceeds a predefined value.
13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the last measured values of the precision aligning process are saved as a measurement record.
14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring prism (11) is disposed in the region of the adjusting element, particularly the support spindle (12) of the finished part (1).
15. A measuring device (10) for performing the method according to any one or more of the preceding claims 1 through 14, having a plurality of measuring prisms (11) forming measurement points, the measuring device (10) being provided for disposing on a finished part (1) for constructing a solid roadway, the prefabricated slab (1) comprising a plurality of rail support points (2) disposed in two rows for two rails of a track running in parallel, characterized in that , the measuring device (10) comprises measuring prism supports spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the measuring device (10), each holding at least two measuring prisms (11.1; 11.2) spaced apart from each other in the transverse direction of the measuring device (10) at a distance corresponding to the spacing of the two parallel rails to be installed subsequently, and that the measuring prism supports each comprise a device (21) for the measuring prisms (11.1; 11.2), by means of which the measuring prism support can be placed on the rail support points (2) of the prefabricated slab (1) that are provided for this purpose and that are to be measured, such that the measuring prisms (11.1; 11.2) are held by the corresponding rail support point (2) at the distance of a rail head of the parallel rails to be installed subsequently.
16. The measuring device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring device (10) can be displaced on the finished part (1).
17. The measuring device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one adjusting motor (13) for adjusting an adjusting element, particularly a support spindle (12) of the finished part (1), is disposed on the measuring device (10).
18. The measuring device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting motor (13) aligns the finished part (1) vertically and/or transversely to the longitudinal axis of the finished part (1).
19. The measuring device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting motor (13) is controlled by a computer or an evaluation device.
20. The measuring device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring device (10) comprises a transverse slope sensor (110).

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