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EP1583811B1 - Gazeificateur a fusion en cuve et procede de traitement thermique et de valorisation de dechets - Google Patents

Gazeificateur a fusion en cuve et procede de traitement thermique et de valorisation de dechets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1583811B1
EP1583811B1 EP01921139A EP01921139A EP1583811B1 EP 1583811 B1 EP1583811 B1 EP 1583811B1 EP 01921139 A EP01921139 A EP 01921139A EP 01921139 A EP01921139 A EP 01921139A EP 1583811 B1 EP1583811 B1 EP 1583811B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
melt gasifier
waste
shaft part
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01921139A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1583811A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Ulrich Feustel
Joachim Mallon
Michael Schaaf
Klaus Scheidig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Smile Beteiligungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Smile Beteiligungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smile Beteiligungs GmbH filed Critical Smile Beteiligungs GmbH
Publication of EP1583811A1 publication Critical patent/EP1583811A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1583811B1 publication Critical patent/EP1583811B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/16—Continuous processes simultaneously reacting oxygen and water with the carbonaceous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shaft melt carburetor and a method for the thermal treatment and recovery of waste of different types, consistency and composition.
  • the OxiCup developed by the company Küttner in Essen is a hot-air cupola furnace with increased oxygen input, which processes organic materials.
  • the environmental compatibility of the process is ensured by a special exhaust gas purification technology, as in Michael Lemperle, "The application of cupola furnaces in foundries and steel plants", reprinted from CPT. Vol 14 NO. 2/1998, pp. 4-11, Giesserei-Verlag GmbH, Dusseldorf described s.
  • the disadvantage here is that only limited amounts of organic waste / residues can be processed.
  • an additional gas vent is arranged and in the upper suction and Gas- calming chamber, a pipe socket for a show hole or for the installation of an auxiliary burner is attached.
  • the lower suction and gas calming ring chamber is directly connected to a solids feed sluice, and provided with an excess gas suction nozzle and one or more water supply means.
  • the local constriction of the furnace shaft above the excess gas discharge level in the region of the oxygen nozzles enables the formation of a second, thermo-chemically active zone characterized by controllable oxygen supply and a longer residence time of the feedstocks, thereby providing controlled completion of all material-specific entraining and degassing processes of the feedstocks the other Falling of the bed can be realized.
  • DE 40 30 554 AI discloses a method and apparatus for thermal treatment of waste in a reaction vessel.
  • the reaction vessel should eliminate all dusty, lumpy, solid, doughy, pasty and / or liquid waste by burning, gasification and melting environmentally neutral.
  • the process should also be able to work effectively depending on the material and the reaction conditions up to 10 bar pressure.
  • the reaction vessel process stages of thermal waste treatment such as a pyrolysis device or a sludge drying are assigned. Fundamental to the process is that in the upper and lower furnace divided aggregate in the upper furnace at least one combustion and melting zone produced by combustion of carbonaceous materials with an oxidizing agent and calcium-containing material is added in excess.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a low investment and safety effort feasible shaft melt carburetor under atmospheric pressure and a method of carrying out for a thermal treatment and recovery of waste of different types, consistency and composition available, which is not has the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the resulting raw gas is independent from the amount of waste material and composition free of organic pollutants, without organic pyrolysis oils and / or tar compounds.
  • the object is further developed by the method mentioned by the features of independent claim 1 and the shaft-melt carburetor by the features of claim 7.
  • An object of the present invention has accordingly been a shaft melt carburetor which is characterized in that on a base plate forming a hearth part with tapping and directly thereafter several differently shaped cylindrical shaft parts are arranged, wherein the conical shaft part protrudes into the shaft-extending shaft part and thus forms a bulk-free room with suction devices.
  • the conical shaft part protrudes into the shaft-extending shaft part and thus forms a bulk-free room with suction devices.
  • the shaft section above the hearth each have a plurality of circumferentially distributed injectors are arranged.
  • the suction devices (10) are designed as quenches, steam boilers, spray absorbers or hot filters.
  • the conical shaft part (7) is designed to be double-walled for heating. This heating can optionally with hot wind or other heat transfer such. done with thermal oil.
  • the base plate (1) and the shaft parts (2, 6) are delivered with a refractory material (15) inside the furnace.
  • refractory materials is understood to mean fired or unfired, less frequently cast, or unshaped products such as, mortars, putties, rams, flint mortars or gunts from the Group 1 or 2 high-tonnage products, chamotte products, acid chamotte products, clay liners , Silca products, magnesite chromite, chromite forsterite or the like.
  • the resulting crude gas consists of the gaseous reaction products CO, CO 2 , H 2 , H 2 O and, depending on the analysis of the waste materials used, trace components such as CS 2 , COS, SO 2 , NO x, H 2 S and HCl ,
  • the combustion air is introduced in place of the oxygen, or combustion air and oxygen in the mixture.
  • the gas produced in the reduction / cracking (Z) at a temperature of at least 800 ° C is sucked from the bed with simultaneous shock cooling and fed into a gas industry for further treatment.
  • the invention is intended to an embodiment according to the FIG. 1 be explained in more detail.
  • the schematic diagram shows a coke-heated shaft melt carburetor. It is shown that on a base plate 1, a hearth-forming shaft part 2 is placed with tapping devices 3 for slag and iron, directly followed by several differently shaped cylindrical shaft parts 4; 5; 6; 7 and 8 are arranged, wherein the conical shaft part 6 projects into the shaft-expanding shaft part 4 and thus forms a flow-free space 11 with suction devices 10 located therein, in the shaft part 4 above the hearth 2 and in the shaft part 6 above the chess part 4 in each case several around the circumference distributed injectors 9, 14 are arranged.
  • waste materials according to the invention of different nature, consistency and composition are those from the group of contaminated waste wood, used tires, industrial / commercial waste, domestic and bulky waste or similar.
  • the base plate 1 and the shaft parts 2; 6 are provided with a refractory material 15, a fill level indicator 16 is arranged on the conical shaft part 8, which has a water cooling 12 projecting into the bulk-free space 11 piece of the shaft portion 12 and the conical shaft portion 7 for heating with hot wind or other heat transfer such as thermal oil, double-walled is.
  • the adjacent bed of fill can be heated to temperatures of up to 300 °, as a result of which the condensation point of the pyrolysis oils and of the tar products shifts into the core of the bed.
  • the shaft melt carburetor sized for about 1 t / h throughput, filled with filling coke to about 500 mm above the injectors 14 before the start of the process.
  • the feed is set, which consists of the aggregates 0.04 t / h coke and 0.04 t / h lime and 1 t / h waste wood with metal components, railway sleepers and chipboard is, by means of the delivery device 18 through the shaft parts 8: 7 directly to the high temperature zone H.
  • the shaft-melt carburetor is filled to the level indicator 16 and the injectors 9; 14 and used as suction quench, steam boiler or spray absorber 10 are put into operation.
  • the oxygen introduced by the injectors 9 is considered to be important A prerequisite for the entire process of melt gasification
  • the energy demand of the system can be ensured in such a way that the flowability of metal and slag is ensured with normal use of coke and the pyrolysis coke bed temperatures required for pyrolysis and reduction work are maintained become. This creates the conditions for complete thermal decomposition of both the charged and gaseous organic pollutants that are newly formed during the process.
  • the crude gas is composed of the gaseous reaction products formed in zones H and Z. At the same time, it is sucked off laterally between the high-temperature zone H and the reduction / crack zone Z in counterflow, in the direct current and transversely to the flow directions of the furnace gases.
  • the quenches or spray absorbers 10 promote about 1600 Nm 3 / h of crude gas containing 334 1 / h of water, which is condensed out.
  • This fuel gas can be used for example by a combined heat and power plant.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de traitement thermique et de valorisation de déchets différent en type, consistance et composition dans un gazéificateur à fusion en cuve, caractérisé en ce que
    - après l'allumage du gazéificateur à fusion en cuve, les déchets et les fondants sont introduits directement jusqu'à la zone de température élevée (H) par les parties de la cuve (8; 7),
    - ensuite, de l'oxygène est injecté dans la zone de température élevée (H),
    - les composants minéraux et métalliques des déchets s'égouttent ou s'écoulent, respectivement,
    - les produits de réaction gazeux chauds formés par des réactions de conversion thermochimiques, faisant partie du gaz brut, sont dirigés simultanément, conjointement avec les composants organiques des déchets non entièrement brûlés, par des moyens d'aspiration (10) vers le creuset (2) en courant parallèle et sont soumises à une pyrolyse,
    - le coke de pyrolyse formant dans la zone de réduction/craquage (Z) pendant le temps de dépôt est brûlé avec oxygène pour obtenir d'autres produits de réaction gazeux formant du gaz brut, du laitier et du métal s'accumulant dans le creuset (2), et
    - tout le gaz brut étant aspiré latéralement entre la zone de température élevée (H) et la zone de réduction/craquage (Z), simultanément en contre-courant, en courant parallèle et transversalement aux directions d'écoulement des gaz de four.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le gaz brut formant est constitué par les produits de réaction gazeux CO, CO2, H2, H2O, ainsi que par les composants de traces comme CS2, COS, SO2, NOx, H2S et HCl, dépendant de l'analyse des déchets chargés.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que de l'air de combustion est introduit au lieu de l'oxygène.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que de l'air de combustion et de l'oxygène sont introduits.
  5. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les températures dans le gazéificateur à fusion en cuve sont dans l'ordre de 1800 °C à plus de 2000 °C.
  6. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le gaz formant dans la zone de réduction/craquage (Z) est aspiré de la charge à une température d'au moins 800 °C avec un refroidissement-choc simultané, et est dirigé dans une installation de gaz pour le traitement continu.
  7. Gazéificateur à fusion en cuve pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie de cuve (2) formant creuset est placée sur une plaque de base (1), ladite partie de cuve comprenant des dispositifs de coulée (3) pour le laitier et le fer, et que plusieurs parties de cuve (4; 5; 6; 7; 8) cylindriques de différentes configurations sont disposées directement suivant ladite partie, la partie de cuve (6) conique s'étendant dans la partie de cuve (4) élargissant la cuve et ainsi formant un espace (11) sans charge avec des moyens d'aspiration (10) situés là-dedans, plusieurs injecteurs (9; 14) étant repartis sur la circonférence, respectivement dans la partie de cuve (4) au-dessus du creuset (2) et dans la partie de cuve (6) au-dessus de la partie de cuve (4).
  8. Gazéificateur à fusion en cuve selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'aspiration (10) sont des extincteurs.
  9. Gazéificateur à fusion en cuve selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'aspiration (10) sont des absorbeurs à pulvérisation.
  10. Gazéificateur à fusion en cuve selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'aspiration (10) sont des chaudières de vapeur.
  11. Gazéificateur à fusion en cuve selon les revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la section de la partie de cuve (6) s'étendant dans la partie de cuve (4) comprend un moyen de refroidissement par eau (12).
  12. Gazéificateur à fusion en cuve selon les revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la partie de cuve (7) conique pour le chauffage à vent chaud ou autres caloporteurs comme l'huile thermique est de construction à double paroi.
  13. Gazéificateur à fusion en cuve selon les revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'intérieur du four, la plaque de base (1) et les partie de cuve (2; 6) sont recouvertes d'un matériau réfractaire (15).
  14. Gazéificateur à fusion en cuve selon les revendications 7 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'un indicateur de niveau (16) est disposé à la partie de cuve (8) conique.
EP01921139A 2000-02-25 2001-01-31 Gazeificateur a fusion en cuve et procede de traitement thermique et de valorisation de dechets Expired - Lifetime EP1583811B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10009023 2000-02-25
DE10009023 2000-02-25
DE10051648 2000-10-18
DE10051648A DE10051648A1 (de) 2000-02-25 2000-10-18 Verfahren und Schacht-Schmelz-Vergaser zur thermischen Behandlung und Verwertung von Abfallstoffen
PCT/DE2001/000401 WO2001062873A1 (fr) 2000-02-25 2001-01-31 Gazeificateur a fusion en cuve et procede de traitement thermique et de valorisation de dechets

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1583811A1 EP1583811A1 (fr) 2005-10-12
EP1583811B1 true EP1583811B1 (fr) 2009-09-30

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EP01921139A Expired - Lifetime EP1583811B1 (fr) 2000-02-25 2001-01-31 Gazeificateur a fusion en cuve et procede de traitement thermique et de valorisation de dechets

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1583811B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE444349T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001248252A1 (fr)
DE (3) DE10051648A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2333299T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001062873A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10145460C1 (de) * 2001-09-14 2003-05-28 Hans Ulrich Feustel Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Sythesegasherstellung
DE10158463B4 (de) * 2001-11-28 2004-02-12 Hans Ulrich Feustel Verfahren zur kombinierten Verwertung von Abfallstoffen unterschiedlicher Art, Konsistenz und Zusammensetzung in einem Schacht-Schmelz-Vergaser
DE20200095U1 (de) * 2002-01-04 2003-05-08 Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG, 04158 Leipzig Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor
DE20200935U1 (de) * 2002-01-23 2003-05-28 Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG, 04158 Leipzig Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor
DE10327178B3 (de) * 2003-06-17 2005-05-04 Hans Ulrich Feustel Anlage zur Herstellung von Metall- und Schlackeschmelzen sowie von Synthesegas
DE102006039204B4 (de) * 2006-08-22 2011-12-08 Rheinkalk Gmbh Ringschachtofen
CN101817011A (zh) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-01 Kbi国际有限公司 一种热处理原料的反应器及其方法
EP3660132A1 (fr) * 2018-11-28 2020-06-03 Waste & Energy Solutions GmbH Réacteur et procédé de gazéification et/ou de fusion de matériaux d'alimentation
AU2019386897A1 (en) 2018-11-28 2021-07-22 Kbi Invest & Management Ag Reactor and process for gasifying and/or melting of feed materials

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19816864C2 (de) * 1996-10-01 2001-05-10 Hans Ulrich Feustel Koksbeheizter Kreislaufgas-Kupolofen zur stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmaterialien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung
DE19640497C2 (de) * 1996-10-01 1999-01-28 Hans Ulrich Dipl Ing Feustel Koksbeheizter Kreislaufgaskupolofen zur stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmaterialien

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2333299T3 (es) 2010-02-19
DE50115148D1 (de) 2009-11-12
EP1583811A1 (fr) 2005-10-12
WO2001062873A1 (fr) 2001-08-30
AU2001248252A1 (en) 2001-09-03
DE10190606D2 (de) 2003-01-30
ATE444349T1 (de) 2009-10-15
DE10051648A1 (de) 2001-09-13

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