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EP1435778A1 - Inhibition de croissance vegetale et de germination des tubercules - Google Patents

Inhibition de croissance vegetale et de germination des tubercules

Info

Publication number
EP1435778A1
EP1435778A1 EP02798874A EP02798874A EP1435778A1 EP 1435778 A1 EP1435778 A1 EP 1435778A1 EP 02798874 A EP02798874 A EP 02798874A EP 02798874 A EP02798874 A EP 02798874A EP 1435778 A1 EP1435778 A1 EP 1435778A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
plant
tubers
acid
acetic acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02798874A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sigfrid Svensson
Henrik Nordenhem
Kenneth Alness
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Professor Sigge & Martin AB
Original Assignee
Professor Sigge & Martin AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE0103085A external-priority patent/SE0103085D0/xx
Priority claimed from SE0103086A external-priority patent/SE0103086D0/xx
Application filed by Professor Sigge & Martin AB filed Critical Professor Sigge & Martin AB
Publication of EP1435778A1 publication Critical patent/EP1435778A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/16—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/10—Preserving with acids; Acid fermentation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B7/157—Inorganic compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns the field of agriculture.
  • the present invention relates to the field of weed control.
  • the present in- vention relates to a herbicidal composition for plants, and a method of controlling weeds.
  • the present invention concerns the field of food processing. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel method of inhib- iting or delaying sprouting of tubers in storage, and a new use of a composition for inhibiting or delaying sprouting of tubers.
  • Crops refer to plants that are harvested by man for food or used for some other purposes, such as clothing, fuel, paper, building material and medicines . Hence, it is desirable to control the growth of certain plants. In particular, it is of the greatest economical and technical interest to control the growth of weeds in the context of crop production and gardening. Weeds compete with the cultured crops for limited re- sources, such as nutrients, water and light. As a result, the crop yield and/or quality is decreased substantially. Conventional methods of controlling weeds can be mechanical, such as with a harrow or a cultivator, physical, such as with fire or hot water, and/or chemical, such as with herbicides.
  • Herbicides may, according to the properties of the active ingredient, be classified as either selective or non-selective. Selective herbicides eliminate some members of a plant population with little or no harm to other plants, whereas non-selective herbicides destroy all vegetation in the treated area. Herbicides may also be further classified by method of application, such as pre-emergence (application to soil before plant emergence) or post-emergence (application to plant foliage) . The mobility of post-emergence herbicides in the treated plant is broadly classified into two types: contact (non- mobile) or translocated (mobile, i.e. killing plants by systemic action) .
  • Glyphosate N-phosphonomethylglycine
  • Glyphosate is a translocated, post-emergent non-selective herbicide. It is known to act on various enzyme systems, interfering with the formation of amino acids and other endogenous chemicals in treated plants. However, many agronomically important weed species require application of relatively high amounts of glyphosate for effective control . High amounts of glyphosate can lead to undesirable increased selection pressure. Accordingly, glyphosate tolerance is a recognized problem in the field. Moreover, even the seemingly biodegradable glyphosate has been found in ground water. It is also known to use aqueous solutions of acetic acid in high concentrations for controlling weeds.
  • tubers such as potatoes
  • Sprouting is unwanted, since it also impairs the quality and the appearance of the commercial products, i.e. potatoes, French fries, potato chips, etc.
  • Tubers have buds (eyes) on their surface, that, when the conditions are right, grow into new plants.
  • Each such tuber, or tuber piece must have a bud for a plant to sprout and develop. The buds may, even under conditions favourable to development, remain dormant for more than ten weeks after the tuber is fully-grown.
  • the present invention provides a method of killing a plant or retarding its growth, comprising the step of exposing the surface, or part thereof, of said plant to a composition comprising a volatile pH-lowering compound and a carrier substance for said pH-lowering compound, said carrier substance being capable of forming on the surface, or part thereof, of said plant a coating containing said pH-lowering compound upon vaporization of at least part of said composition.
  • the invention is based on the finding that exposure to a sufficiently acidic environment successfully kills a plant or retards its growth or inhibits sprouting of harvested tubers, such as potatoes.
  • said composition further comprises a volatile medium, such as water.
  • said composition is capable of main- taining a pH of less than about 5 at the plant surface.
  • said pH is within the range from about 1 to about 5 , such as from about 2 to about 4.
  • said pH-lowering compound is a buffer or an acid. It is preferred that said acid is a weak acid, preferably an organic acid. It is particularly preferred that said organic acid is an alkanoic acid, preferably containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In the most pre- ferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, said alkanoic acid is formic acid or acetic acid.
  • said buffer is selected from acetates, citrates, and phosphates.
  • said carrier substance is selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, pro- teins, lipids, and waxes, and derivatives thereof.
  • said carrier substance is a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof, preferably of bacterial or plant origin. It is particularly preferred that said polysac- charide is selected from the group consisting of starches, locust bean gum, guar gum, and xanthan gum. In the most preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, said polysaccharide is starch.
  • said composition comprises a compound selected from other herbicidal compounds, complexing agents, preservatives, plasticisers, detergents, and softeners .
  • said composition is an aqueous solution or an aqueous vapour.
  • said composition is made from a concentrate or a wettable powder.
  • said exposing comprises spraying said plant surface, or part thereof, with said composition.
  • said plant is a weed.
  • said plant is a potato plant.
  • said plant parts are the stems, or parts thereof.
  • said plant surface is a plant foliage surface.
  • said step of exposing said plant surface to said composition constitutes a post- emergent application of said composition.
  • the present invention also provides a herbicidal composition as defined in the method (s) above.
  • the present invention also provides a novel use of said composition for inhibition of plant growth.
  • the present invention also provides a method of inhibiting or delaying sprouting of tubers, comprising the step of exposing said tu- bers to an environment or a composition comprising acetic acid, said environment being capable of maintaining a pH of less than about 5 at the tuber surface.
  • said environment is a gas phase or a mist comprising said acetic acid.
  • said composition is an aqueous vapour or an aerosol .
  • tubers are exposed to said composition by spraying or by maintaining the tubers in an atmosphere comprising the composition.
  • said tubers are potato tubers.
  • the present invention provides a method for manufacturing of a sprout-inhibiting or sprout- delaying composition for tubers, comprising the step of incorporating into said composition an amount of acetic acid, such that said composition, when administrated to said tubers, is capable of maintaining a pH of less than about 5 at the tuber surface .
  • the present invention also provides a novel use of acetic acid in a sprout-inhibiting or sprout-delaying composition for tubers, which composition, when adminis- trated to said tubers, is capable of maintaining a pH of less than about 5 at the tuber surface.
  • the present invention provides a method and a compo- sition that can be used for weed control.
  • weed and weeds refer widely to any undesirable plant growth, at any stage of a plant's life, from seed through any stage of a plant's development. Thus, a certain plant may or may not be a weed depending on the particular location and/or time point.
  • weed control refers to any killing, de- stroying, inhibiting, retarding or preventing activity directed to weeds.
  • direct weed control can be mechanical, physical, or chemical.
  • a surface area of the plant, or weed is contacted with a composition contain- ing a volatile pH-lowering compound and a carrier substance for the pH-lowering compound.
  • the composition according to the invention is a herbicide.
  • herbicide refers to any chemical agent, either organic or inorganic, capable of killing a plant and/or destroying, inhibiting or retarding plant growth, especially of weeds or other undesirable vegetation.
  • herbicidal refers to anything possessing this property, including chemical agents as well as methods. It is envisioned that killing of a treated plant may be accomplished through a local lowering of the pH at the plant surface and the surrounding area/volume . Even though the exact mechanism of the inhibition is not known, it may be speculated that the pH-lowering effect has to be below the plant epidermis.
  • pH-lowering compounds can pass the skin by diffusion in an aqueous environment, or by gas diffusion if the pH-lowering compound is volatile.
  • pH-lowering compounds include buffers and acids .
  • Preferred buffers are acetates, citrates, and phosphates. Weak acids are particularly preferred as pH-lowering compounds, since they provide mild treating conditions.
  • the purpose of including the carrier substance in the composition is that, upon vaporization of said composition, a coating is formed on the surface, or part thereof, of the plant.
  • the coating is containing the pH- lowering compound so as to impart a slow release dimension to the system. It is considered that there will be an enrichment of the volatile pH-lowering compound in the coating, and that the coating slowly is releasing the volatile pH-lowering compound by gas diffusion, thus allowing sufficient time for the volatile pH-lowering compound to penetrate the plant.
  • the coating will provide a local environment resembling a gas phase containing the volatile pH-lowering compound.
  • the coating is on the one hand considerably slowing down the gas diffusion of the volatile pH-lowering compound to the surrounding atmosphere, on the other hand driving the gas diffusion of the same compound in the direction into the plant .
  • the carrier substance fixes, or holds in position, the volatile pH-lowering compound at the plant surface .
  • lowering of the pH at the plant surface is accomplished through administration of a composition containing a pH-lowering compound and a carrier substance capable of forming a coating, or a film, at the surface.
  • a coating is formed on the plant surface, non- volatile pH-lowering compounds can only diffuse through the plant epidermis as long as the coating still contains more water than the inner part of the plant , due to the osmotic pressure.
  • the coating is dry, this transport is inhibited since the osmotic pressure will act in the opposite direction, driving water out of the plant.
  • volatile pH-lowering compounds can diffuse in vaporized condition through the epidermis and reach the inside. This diffusion is independent of the osmotic pressure and will continue until the gas pres- sures are equal on both sides of the epidermis.
  • lowering of the pH is preferably effected by the use of volatile pH-lowering compounds, such as inor- ganic or organic acids, buffers, or gases, which in contact with water will generate an acidic environment, e.g. C0 2 , S0 2 , S0 3 or nitrous gases.
  • volatile pH-lowering compounds such as inor- ganic or organic acids, buffers, or gases, which in contact with water will generate an acidic environment, e.g. C0 2 , S0 2 , S0 3 or nitrous gases.
  • volatile compound is herein meant to in- elude compounds which are readily vaporisable at a relatively low temperature, i.e. having a low boiling point, or sublimation point, and a high vapour pressure at ambient pressures and temperatures.
  • volatile compounds are here meant to include all compounds having a higher vapour pressure than 0.1 torr at 0-20°C.
  • volatile compounds are here meant to include all compounds being more volatile than, or equally volatile as, butyric acid, (see CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 54th Ed.).
  • volatile pH-lowering compounds, particularly organic acids together with a carrier to ensure a slow release dimension into the system.
  • the organic acids and the carrier coating should preferably be used as a food or food additive, and registered as such, and should be environmentally safe.
  • weak volatile organic acids especially alkanoic acids, e.g. formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid.
  • the pH-lowering is accomplished through the use of a composition containing at least 0.1% of a pH-lowering compound by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, preferably at least 1%, more preferably at least 3%, of said pH-lowering compound by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • concentration can be varied within wide limits depending on the character of the pH-lowering compound, administration route (e.g. gas or liquid), the number of administration events, etc.
  • the absolute amount of the pH-lowering compound and its concentration in a composition according to the invention may vary and should be selected to provide sufficient killing of the weeds. A person skilled in the art may readily determine suitable amounts and concentrations.
  • the actual effective amount of the pH-lowering compound may vary with the type and the amount of plants to be treated, and environmental conditions, such as tem- perature and humidity.
  • the amount of the pH-lowering compound and its concentration in a composition are preferably such that the pH at the plant surface is less than 5. More particularly, the pH at the plant surface is preferably brought to the range from about 1 to about 5, such as from about 2 to about 5 , or from about 2 to about 4.
  • composition according to the invention contains a carrier substance.
  • carrier and “carrier substance” are here meant to include any substance capa- ble of carrying the above-mentioned pH-lowering compound. It is preferred that the carrier is selected such as to provide a controlled release of the pH-lowering compound.
  • the carrier substance is also capable of forming a coating on the surface of a plant to which the composi- tion is applied.
  • coating refers to any kind of continuous layer over a surface.
  • a coating, or a film could cover the entire plant as well as a particular spot or surface area on a plant .
  • the carrier is selected such that a coating is readily formed on a treated surface upon exposure of the surface to air, i.e. through vaporization of the solute, e.g. water.
  • the thickness of the coating or film thus formed is preferably less than 250 ⁇ m, more preferred less than 100 ⁇ m, even more preferred between 0.1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the carrier substance (s) is (are) preferably selected from polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and waxes, and derivatives thereof.
  • proteins that may be used include, but are not limited to, gelatine, collagen, and soybean protein.
  • lipids that may be used include plant lipids, e.g. rapeseed oil, coconut oil, olive oil, and derivatives thereof.
  • waxes that may be used include synthetic waxes and natural waxes, including animal waxes, such as beeswax and lanolin, vegetable waxes, such as carnauba and candelila, as well as mineral and petroleum waxes, such as montan and paraffin.
  • the carrier is a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof.
  • suitable polysaccharides the following groups can be mentioned: hemicelluloses (e.g. arabinoxylans, glucomannans) , plant gums (e.g. guar gum, locust bean gum) , cellulose and de- rivatives thereof (e.g. ethyl celluloses, carboxymethyl celluloses), starch and starch derivatives (e.g. hy- droxyethyl starch), microbial polysaccharides (e.g. xan- than gum, curdlan, pullulan, dextran) , algal polysaccharides (e.g.
  • Polysaccharides are preferably selected from plant polysaccharides and bacterial polysaccharides, such as starches and guar gum, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum.
  • Preferred polysaccharides contain more than 10 monosaccharide units, preferably more than 20 monosaccharide units, more preferably more than 50 monosaccharide units.
  • the concentration of a particular polysaccharide used in the composition may vary within broad limits.
  • the compositions may contain up to about 20% by weight of a polysaccharide based on the weight of the solution. It is preferred that the solution does not contain more than about 8% by weight, preferably not more than 5% by weight of the polysaccharide, and it is particularly preferred to use a polysaccharide concentration in the order of 0.5 to 8% by weight, preferably around 5% by weight.
  • the concentration can be varied depending on the character of the polysaccharide, administration route, the number of administration events, etc.
  • a preferred composition comprises 1-3% acetic acid and 4-6% starch, preferably approximately 2% acetic acid and approximately 5% starch.
  • both the carrier concentration and the concentration of the pH-lowering compound can be varied extensively, as described above. Since the outcome depends on their relative presence, it is preferred that the concen- tration of carrier is selected with the concentration of the pH-lowering compound in mind, and vice versa.
  • the viscosity of the applied composition may readily be varied by adjustment of the concentrations of the constituents.
  • the viscosity has importance for the adherence of the composition to the plant surface as well as the thickness and other properties of the coating.
  • a thicker coating may maintain the acidic atmosphere for a longer period of time and/or otherwise improve the acidic properties of the resulting coating. If the viscosity is in- creased considerably, the composition may be administrated using high pressure devices.
  • the composition may, in addition to the volatile pH-lowering compound and the carrier substance, contain a volatile medium, which is readily vaporisable.
  • a volatile medium which is readily vaporisable.
  • the purpose of the volatile medium is to provide an environment in which the two other substances can be delivered or diluted.
  • the medium may be a solvent .
  • Preferred media are preferably acceptable as food or food additives, and registered as such, and should be environmentally safe and biodegradable.
  • a particularly preferred medium is water.
  • a preferred composition comprises a volatile pH-lowering compound, such as formic acid or acetic acid, a carrier substance, such as starch or a derivative thereof, and a volatile medium, such as water.
  • a volatile pH-lowering compound such as formic acid or acetic acid
  • a carrier substance such as starch or a derivative thereof
  • a volatile medium such as water.
  • composition according to the present invention optionally contains conventional additives, such as com- plexing agents, preservatives, plasticisers, detergents, etc. It is preferred to include detergents or other surface-active agents in the composition according to the invention. The amount thereof is preferably such that ad- herence of the composition to the plant surface is facilitated. The specific amount is readily determined by a person skilled in the art.
  • compositions according to the invention may be formulated as, or prepared from, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, vapours, aerosols, spray mists, emulsifiable concentrates, flowable liquid concentrates, or wettable powders, which are readily diluted with water, other suitable solvent or oil carrier.
  • the compositions may also be formulated in suspension concentrates, icroemul- sions, and the like.
  • composition is an aqueous solution.
  • a water-soluble polysaccharide is preferred to use in such a solution.
  • Aqueous solutions of volatile organic acids, such as formic and acetic acid may be bound in polysaccharide, protein, or other carriers and exert its herbicidal action (s) over long periods of time through gas diffusion mechanisms.
  • Compositions according to the invention may be applied to the weeds in any conventional way, including pre-e ergence (application to soil before plant emergence) or post-emergence (application to plant foliage) . It is particularly preferred to employ post-emergent application, i.e. application to plant foliage or any plant parts situated above the ground. However post-emergent application is within the scope of the invention, it is not favourable when it is raining.
  • the composition according to the invention is preferably used as a herbicide, i.e. to kill plants and retard or inhibit undesirable plant growth.
  • the composition according to the invention is advantageously used for destruction of vegetation before seeding in the practice of reduced tillage or no tillage, or for destruction of an- nual grasses in preparation for seeding perennial grasses in pasture grounds.
  • Other uses include fire prevention, elimination of vegetation which may inhibit infrastructure, destruction of plants that are hosts for insects and plant diseases, as well as killing of poisonous or allergen-bearing plants.
  • composition according to the invention is useful for clearing fields from undesirable vegetation as a preparation for new crop . It is also useful for clearing fields from undesirable vegetation as a preparation for harvest, such as clearing potato plants immediately prior to harvest of the potatoes .
  • treatment of plants with the method according to the present invention effectively kills them using substantially lower amounts of the pH-lowering compound compared to when using previously known compositions.
  • this may mean acid concentrations lower than 50%, particularly lower than 24%, more particularly lower than 12%, by weight.
  • the present invention provides a method and a novel use of a composition for the inhibition of sprouting of tubers.
  • the terms "sprout” and “sprouting” refer to any new or young growth that arises from the rhizome portion of a plant, i.e. all kinds of formation of shoots, buds, sprouts, and the like.
  • the tubers, or at least certain potential sprouting areas of the tubers are ex- posed to an environment capable of maintaining a pH of less than about 5 at the tuber surface.
  • potential sprouting area refers to an area where new or young growth, i.e. shoots, buds, sprouts, and the like, if any, is predestined to arise. This new or young growth is often referred to as primary growth. Primary growth is restricted to the youngest part of the plant, the tips of roots and shoots, where the apical meristems are situated. On the stem, such a potential point of shooting is commonly situated at a node and referred to as an axillary bud or a terminal bud. Many plants, such as tubers, produce an underground lateral stem, known as a rhizome, from which new shoots can arise. The shoots, or sprouts, arise from nodes, or eyes, situated at the rhizome.
  • prout-inhibiting refers in general to anything that inhibits, suppresses, prevents, arrests or slows down the growth of any new or young growth, i.e. shoots, buds, sprouts, and the like.
  • prout-inhibiting compound refers to any compound possessing this property.
  • pH-lowering compounds Lowering of the pH at the tuber surface, and beneath the skin, may be accomplished through the use of pH-lowering compounds.
  • the pH-lowering compound can pass the skin by diffusion in an aqueous environment, or by gas diffusion if the pH-lowering compound is volatile.
  • pH-lowering compounds include buffers and acids. Preferred buffers are acetates, citrates, and phosphates.
  • Weak acids are particularly preferred as pH-lowering compounds, since they provide mild treating conditions.
  • lowering of the pH at the tuber surface may be accomplished through exposure of the tuber to a pH- lowering atmosphere, preferably for a prolonged period of time (hours or days) .
  • a pH- lowering atmosphere preferably for a prolonged period of time (hours or days) .
  • the tubers and a pH- lowering compound in gaseous, liquid or solid phase can be kept in a sealed container.
  • the pH is regulated by the use of acetic acid in a suitable form and concentration.
  • the tubers are exposed to an environment capable of maintaining a pH of less than about 5 at the tuber surface.
  • the pH is maintained below 2,5, preferably below 2.
  • the environment will not maintain the pH below 1.
  • lowering of the pH at the tuber surface is preferably effected by the use of volatile pH-lowering compounds, such as inorganic or organic acids, buffers, or gases, which in contact with water will generate an acidic environment, e.g. C0 2 , S0 2 , S0 3 or nitrous gases.
  • the pH-lowering at the tuber surface is accomplished through the use of a composition containing at least 50% of a pH- lowering compound by volume, based on the total volume of the composition, preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 90%, of said pH-lowering compound by volume, based on the total volume of the composition.
  • concentration can be varied within wide limits depending on the character of the pH-lowering compound, administration route (e.g. gas or liquid), the number of administration events, time of exposure to the composition, etc.
  • the absolute amount of the pH-lowering compound and its concentration in a composition according to the invention may vary and should be selected to provide suffi- cient inhibition of tuber sprouting. A person skilled in the art may readily determine suitable amounts and concentrations.
  • the actual effective amount of the pH- lowering compound may vary with the amount of tubers to be treated, and environmental conditions, such as tem- perature and humidity.
  • the sprout-inhibiting composition according to the invention may contain a carrier substance, or matrix.
  • the composition may contain a suitable buffer.
  • the sprout-inhibiting composition according to the present invention optionally contains conventional additives, such as colouring agents, complexing agents, preservatives, plasticisers, detergents, softeners, etc. It is also possible to include anti-microbial agents and/or anti-fungal agents in the composition. It is preferred that the sprout-inhibiting composition is an aqueous solution of acetic acid. Sprout- inhibiting compositions according to the invention may be applied to the tubers in any conventional way, including spraying and exposing the tubers to a gaseous atmosphere thereof .
  • the sprout-inhibiting composition according to the invention is preferably used for the treatment of potatoes in storage. After a dormant period of 1-3 months after harvesting, potatoes are inclined to sprout even in cold storage. The sprouting starts with cell divisions below the "eyes", resulting in enzymatic breakdown of the potato starch with formation of reducing sugars. The mechanism initiating the sprouting is largely unknown. Once a sprout has developed, the treatment according to the present invention will not stop the further development of the sprout . Surprisingly, treatment of potatoes with the method according to the present invention effectively stops the sprouting of potatoes for prolonged periods of time. Inhibition of sprouting can be maintained for at least up to 6 months using the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a novel composition, and use thereof, for weed control.
  • the composition comprises a volatile pH-lowering compound and a carrier substance for said pH-lowering compound, and op- tionally a volatile medium, such as water.
  • the carrier substance is selected such that it is capable of forming a coating, or a film, on the surface of a plant, or plant part, upon drying or vaporization of the composition.
  • the thus formed coating comprises the pH-lowering compound in an amount sufficient to kill or inhibit the treated plant.
  • a plant surface is exposed to the composition according to the invention.
  • the present invention moreover provides the use of a sprout-inhibiting composition for tubers.
  • the composition comprises a pH-lowering compound, preferably acetic acid, and optionally a car- rier substance for the pH-lowering compound.
  • the tubers are exposed to an environment capable of maintaining a pH of less than about 5 at the tuber surface where it is inclined to sprout, i.e. at the potential budding points.
  • Aqueous solutions of 2% (w/v) maize starch containing various concentrations (12%, 6%, 3% and 1% (w/v)) of acetic acid and 0.05% of a neutral detergent are prepared.
  • aqueous solutions of acetic acid in various concentrations and 0.05% of a neutral detergent are prepared.
  • the solutions are sprayed on the upper side of leaves of the following plant types: dandelion ( Taraxacum vulgare) , goosefoot ( Chenopodium album) , quackgrass (Ag- ropyron repens) , and red clover ⁇ Trifolium pratense) , which are grown at 18°C. The plants are observed 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours following the administration of the so- lutions.
  • compositions according to the invention are more effective in terms of speed, or killing time, and have an improved final outcome, especially at lower acid concentrations. Moreover, it can be seen that, after a given period of time, the compositions according to the invention are more effective in terms of killing. This is particularly apparent at lower acid concentrations.
  • Aqueous solutions are prepared containing 5% (w/v) potato starch and 6% and 10%, respectively, of acetic acid.
  • the solutions are administrated to different sections of a potato field. The following day, the vast majority of the treated plants are dead.
  • the potatoes are harvested employing traditional techniques.
  • Aqueous solutions of 1.5% (w/v) guar gum containing various concentrations (1-6% (w/v) ) of formic acid and 0.07% of a neutral detergent are prepared.
  • aqueous solutions of formic acid in various concentrations and 0.07% of a neutral detergent are prepared.
  • the solutions are sprinkled on the leaves of the following plant types: dandelion ⁇ Taraxacum vulgare) , goosefoot [ Chenopodium album) , quackgrass [Agropyron repens) , and red clover ( Trifolium pratense) , which are grown at 18°C. The plants are observed 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours following the administration of the solutions.
  • the solutions containing guar gum are considerably more effective in killing the treated plants than the solutions with corresponding acid concentrations lacking guar gum.
  • Aqueous solutions are prepared containing 1% (w/v) potato starch and 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively, of acetic acid.
  • the solutions are administrated to various weeds growing in a garden gravel path. The following day, the weeds are dead. All tested solutions are effective.
  • Example 5 An aqueous solution is prepared containing 5% (w/v) potato starch and 2% of acetic acid. The solution is administrated to various weeds. The solution is herbi- cidally active.
  • a wide beaker containing 1 litre of aqueous acetic acid (50, 75, and 100% vol/vol, respectively) is placed on the bottom of a plastic container with a volume of 25 litres. pH-paper strips are placed in the ceiling of the container, and the container is sealed. An atmosphere of acetic acid is generated in the container by allowing the aqueous acetic acid to evaporate into gaseous phase within the container.
  • Samples consisting of 20 medium-sized potatoes (Bintje), which have been stored at 8-12°C for two months are subjected to various atmospheres of aqueous acetic acid for different periods of time (1-5 days) .
  • a wide beaker containing 1 litre of aqueous acetic acid (0-100% vol/vol) is placed on the bottom of a plastic container with a volume of 25 litres. The container is sealed, and an atmosphere of acetic acid is generated by allowing the aqueous acetic acid to evaporate into gaseous phase for 24 h within the container.
  • a basket containing the potatoes is introduced to the container, and the container is resealed for a period of time (1-5 days) .
  • the baskets contain sufficient air holes to allow the potatoes to be exposed to the gaseous acetic acid environment .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

S'intéressant aux activités agricoles, la présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de tuer un végétal ou d'en retarder la croissance. Ce procédé implique d'appliquer une composition sur une partie au moins de la surface de cette plante. Cette composition comprend essentiellement un composé volatil abaissant le pH et éventuellement un vecteur convenant à ce composé abaissant le pH. La substance vecteur éventuellement employée est capable de former sur tout ou partie de la surface du végétal un badigeon à base de ce composé abaissant le pH par pulvérisation d'une partie au moins de la composition. La présente invention concerne également une composition herbicide telle que définie dans le procédé ci-dessus. L'invention concerne également une utilisation inventive d'une telle composition pour bloquer la croissance végétale. L'invention concerne enfin un procédé visant à bloquer ou retarder la germination des tubercules, et impliquant de les exposer à une atmosphère ou à une composition comprenant de l'acide acétique, cette atmosphère permettant d'entretenir à la surface des tubercules un pH n'excédant pas environ 5.
EP02798874A 2001-09-14 2002-09-13 Inhibition de croissance vegetale et de germination des tubercules Withdrawn EP1435778A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0103085 2001-09-14
SE0103085A SE0103085D0 (sv) 2001-09-14 2001-09-14 Method of controlling weeds and herbicidal composition
SE0103086A SE0103086D0 (sv) 2001-09-14 2001-09-14 Sprout-inhibiting method for tubers
SE0103086 2001-09-14
PCT/SE2002/001644 WO2003024218A1 (fr) 2001-09-14 2002-09-13 Inhibition de croissance vegetale et de germination des tubercules

Publications (1)

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EP1435778A1 true EP1435778A1 (fr) 2004-07-14

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WO (1) WO2003024218A1 (fr)

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WO2005087007A1 (fr) 2004-03-10 2005-09-22 Monsanto Technology Llc Compositions herbicides contenant de la n-phosphonomethylglycine et un herbicide a base d'auxine
US20120142532A1 (en) 2009-08-10 2012-06-07 Monsanto Technology Llc Low volatility auxin herbicide formulations
UY34416A (es) * 2011-10-26 2013-01-03 Monsanto Technology Llc ?sales de herbicidas de ácido carboxílico?
AR091268A1 (es) 2012-06-04 2015-01-21 Monsanto Technology Llc Composiciones herbicidas concentradas acuosas que contienen sales de glifosato y sales de dicamba
RU2658996C1 (ru) 2012-11-05 2018-06-26 Монсанто Текнолоджи Ллс Смеси гербицидов на основе ауксина
ES2460465B1 (es) * 2012-11-12 2015-02-18 Torribas S.A. Procedimiento de obtención de un producto semielaborado a partir de patata
CN105072912A (zh) 2013-02-27 2015-11-18 孟山都技术公司 用于具有改进的挥发性的麦草畏桶混合物的草甘膦组合物
RS60123B1 (sr) * 2014-01-20 2020-05-29 Xeda International Kompozicije protiv klijanja za oblaganje lukovica i krtola i njihova upotreba za obradu protiv klijanja
CN116478441B (zh) * 2023-02-23 2024-03-15 四川大学 一种可拼装可溶解的三维细胞培养载体及其制备方法

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JPS5486650A (en) * 1977-12-21 1979-07-10 Daicel Ltd Potato storing method
JPH04281739A (ja) * 1991-03-07 1992-10-07 Momoki Nakagawa 果物、野菜の鮮度保持方法
SE502595C2 (sv) * 1994-03-23 1995-11-20 Polysaccharide Ind Ab Polysackaridskyddsfilm samt sätt för dess applicering
AUPM677594A0 (en) * 1994-07-12 1994-08-04 Daratech Pty Ltd Preservation of exposed underground plant structures
DE19645130C2 (de) * 1996-11-04 2003-03-20 Temmen Gmbh Herbizides Mittel auf Basis von Essigsäure
JP2001061344A (ja) * 1999-08-26 2001-03-13 Gun Ei Chem Ind Co Ltd 植物活力剤及び該植物活力剤を用いた作物栽培方法

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