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EP1428281A2 - Ensemble pile a combustible dote d'une unite pile a combustible - Google Patents

Ensemble pile a combustible dote d'une unite pile a combustible

Info

Publication number
EP1428281A2
EP1428281A2 EP02750817A EP02750817A EP1428281A2 EP 1428281 A2 EP1428281 A2 EP 1428281A2 EP 02750817 A EP02750817 A EP 02750817A EP 02750817 A EP02750817 A EP 02750817A EP 1428281 A2 EP1428281 A2 EP 1428281A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell unit
cell system
generating
evaporated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02750817A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ian Faye
Thanh-Hung Nguyen-Schaefer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1428281A2 publication Critical patent/EP1428281A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system with a fuel cell unit and a device for generating a steam flow for moistening the fuel cell unit according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Fuel cell technology is becoming increasingly important, particularly in connection with future drive concepts for vehicles. Fuel cells offer the possibility of converting chemically bound energy directly into electrical energy, which can then be converted into mechanical drive energy with the help of an electric motor. In contrast to heat engines, the efficiency of a fuel cell is not limited by Carnot's efficiency. Currently preferred fuel cells consume hydrogen and oxygen and convert these elements into the environmentally friendly end product water.
  • fuel cell units are used here that have both a single fuel cell and an electrical and / or electrochemical connection represents several individual cells.
  • membranes are often used, for example polymer electrolyte membranes, for which the moisture of the starting materials to be supplied is an important operating parameter that has to be kept within narrow limits. For example, too little moisture in the anode gas can dry out the membrane and thus possibly irreparably damage the membrane. If, on the other hand, the humidity is too high, the pore structure of the electrodes can fill with water beyond the optimum value, as a result of which the transport of the starting materials to the catalyst of the fuel cell unit is hindered.
  • an electrically heatable evaporator which evaporates water, which is primarily added to the hydrogen streams to be fed to the fuel cell unit.
  • a relative humidity of the hydrogen stream to be supplied of approximately 95 to 99% is achieved.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a fuel cell system of the type mentioned at the outset, which significantly reduces both the design outlay and the amount of energy to be applied.
  • a fuel cell system according to the invention is characterized in that the device for generating the steam flow is thermally conductively connected to the fuel cell unit.
  • the energy released due to the exothermic chemical reaction in the fuel cell unit i.e. the waste heat from the fuel cell unit can be used to generate the steam flow.
  • Fuel line units e.g. PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell), DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell), etc.
  • PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
  • DMFC Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
  • At least one second supply element for supplying the current to be evaporated is arranged between an outlet opening of the fuel cell unit and at least one inlet opening of the device.
  • at least part of the liquid water generated in the fuel cell unit is used as water to be evaporated in the device for generating the Steam flow can be fed, the generated steam flow being fed back into the fuel cell unit by means of the first feed element.
  • Any excess water is removed from the circuit. Alternatively, additional water may possibly be added to the circuit.
  • the removal or supply is preferably carried out downstream of the fuel cell unit or upstream of the device for generating the steam flow.
  • the inlet opening of the device for generating the steam flow comprises at least one dispersing element, in particular an atomizing element such as a nozzle or the like, for scattering or atomizing the stream to be evaporated.
  • the water to be evaporated or the stream to be evaporated can be scattered, atomized, atomized or atomized, so that the evaporation of the stream is improved by increasing its surface area.
  • a plurality of inlet openings of the device for generating the steam flow are preferably provided, as a result of which, in particular, an almost uniform distribution of the flow to be supplied can be achieved over the entire area of the device.
  • At least one pressure generating unit is advantageously provided for pressurizing the stream to be evaporated.
  • Atomizer elements an advantageous spraying of the current to be supplied can be realized, for example, as a spray.
  • the comparatively small drops of Electricity to be evaporated evaporates to a large extent directly during the spraying, in particular due to the waste heat of the fuel cell unit.
  • the remaining part of the stream to be evaporated is preferably gradually evaporated.
  • the device for generating the steam flow has a surface-enlarging structure. This enables the stream to be evaporated, in particular the sprayed stream, to strike or be distributed on a comparatively large, warm surface, as a result of which the evaporation of the stream is additionally improved. In addition, this significantly increases the heat exchanger area, so that the heat transfer from the fuel cell unit to the device for generating the steam flow is also significantly improved.
  • the surface-enlarging structure is preferably designed at least as a rib or the like. Corresponding ribs or the like can be produced comparatively inexpensively, it also being possible, if appropriate, to use existing standard components which are already available.
  • At least one metering element is provided for metering the stream to be evaporated and / or the steam stream.
  • the metering element for example in the form of a control valve or the like, the amount of the stream to be evaporated and / or that of
  • the steam flow to be supplied to the fuel cell unit is controlled or regulated, in particular, by means of a corresponding control and regulating unit. This is preferably an advantageous adaptation to changing operating conditions of the fuel cell system or Realizable fuel cell unit, such as changing the feed or material flows to be supplied.
  • At least the device for generating the steam flow and the fuel cell unit are advantageously designed as a structural unit. This enables a particularly compact geometry or fuel cell system to be implemented, whereby on the one hand the heat transfer from the fuel cell unit to the device for generating the steam flow is additionally improved.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention can hereby also be used for applications in which there is a comparatively small space available for them.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a section of a fuel cell system with humidification according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic cross section through a fuel cell system with rib structure according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 is an evaporator 1 and one
  • Fuel cell unit 2 shown which is designed as a particularly compact unit.
  • chemical reaction taking place in the fuel cell unit 2 generates waste heat 3 which is used for the evaporation of water 4.
  • the fuel cell unit 2 generates a water stream 6 in liquid form by reshaping a hydrogen stream 5 fed to the anode and an oxygen or air stream not shown in detail to the cathode.
  • the water flow 6 is fed to the evaporator 1 in particular by means of a branch 7 and a feed line 8.
  • the feed line 8 has, among other things, a pump 9 and a controllable valve 10, so that the water to be supplied to the evaporator 1 is pressurized, in particular with approximately 4 bar, and can be supplied to the evaporator 1 in a metered manner.
  • the pressure in the line 8 advantageously exceeds the pressure in the evaporator 1, so that the atomization quality of the water 4 to be evaporated is improved.
  • the supply line 8 also has a distributor 11 which distributes the water to be supplied to a plurality of spray nozzles 12.
  • the pressurized water is sprayed into the evaporator 1 by means of the nozzles 12 in the form of a spray. Because of the comparatively large surface area of the numerous droplets of the spray 4 sprayed in, these are largely evaporated in the evaporator 1 heated by the waste heat 3 of the fuel cell 2. The water 4 not evaporated during the spraying process is then gradually evaporated due to the relatively warm operating conditions in the evaporator 1.
  • the latter has a rib structure 13, with the aid of which the heat-transferring surface of the evaporator 1 can be clearly seen enlarged and thus the heat transfer from the fuel cell 2 to the evaporator 1 and the efficiency of the evaporation process is improved.
  • water vapor 14 is located in an inner chamber of the evaporator 1 and is supplied to the hydrogen flow 5 by means of a line 15 and a junction 16.
  • the water vapor discharged from the evaporator 1 is metered through a control valve 17 and fed to the hydrogen stream 5 and mixed with it in an advantageous manner.
  • the junction 16 is advantageously designed as a mixing unit 16 for the thorough mixing of the hydrogen stream 5 with the evaporated water 4 from the evaporator 1.
  • the fuel cell unit 2 or, in particular, its membranes are moistened accordingly.
  • a particularly economical fuel cell system is realized, in particular by means of the partial circulation, above all by means of the pump 9 and the feed line 8 or line 15, of the water 4 to be evaporated or of the water 6 generated in the fuel cell unit 2, since in general an additional one
  • the supply of water 4 to be evaporated and thus any storage of the corresponding water 4 which may be necessary can be dispensed with.
  • Any excess water 6 can be removed from the circuit in a relatively simple manner and, owing to the low environmental relevance, can be discharged into the surroundings without great effort, and can be used for further use in the fuel cell system or the like.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section AA through the evaporator 1 and a section of the fuel cell unit 2 in a schematic representation.
  • an arrangement of the ribs 13 is shown by way of example.
  • the ribs 13 are preferably arranged largely uniformly in the evaporator 1, although these can also be arranged irregularly under certain circumstances.
  • ribs 13 can also be used which have a different cross-sectional area than the one shown.
  • the ribs 13 can have a largely rectangular cross-sectional area or the like.
  • surface-enlarging structures 13 can also be provided in the evaporator 1, for example in the form of a tube and / or honeycomb structure or the like which is open at the top.
  • a comparatively good heat-conducting material such as metal, metal alloys or the like is used as the material for the ribs 13 and / or for the contact area between the evaporator 1 and the fuel cell 2.

Landscapes

  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

Ensemble pile à combustible doté d'une unité pile à combustible (2) et d'un dispositif (1) destiné à produire un courant de vapeur (4), en particulier un courant de vapeur d'eau (4), pour humidifier l'unité pile à combustible (2), un premier élément d'amenée (15) conçu pour amener le courant de vapeur (4) étant situé entre un orifice d'évacuation du dispositif (1) et un orifice d'entrée de l'unité pile à combustible (2). L'ensemble pile à combustible selon la présente invention permet une réduction considérable tant de la complexité structurale que de la quantité d'énergie à apporter. A cet effet, le dispositif (1) destiné à produire un courant de vapeur (4) se trouve en en communication thermo-conductrice avec l'unité pile à combustible (2).
EP02750817A 2001-08-11 2002-07-03 Ensemble pile a combustible dote d'une unite pile a combustible Withdrawn EP1428281A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10139614 2001-08-11
DE10139614A DE10139614A1 (de) 2001-08-11 2001-08-11 Brennstoffzellenanlage mit einer Brennstoffzelleneinheit
PCT/DE2002/002412 WO2003017402A2 (fr) 2001-08-11 2002-07-03 Ensemble pile a combustible dote d'une unite pile a combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1428281A2 true EP1428281A2 (fr) 2004-06-16

Family

ID=7695224

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02750817A Withdrawn EP1428281A2 (fr) 2001-08-11 2002-07-03 Ensemble pile a combustible dote d'une unite pile a combustible

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1428281A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE10139614A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003017402A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3111682B2 (ja) * 1992-09-16 2000-11-27 富士電機株式会社 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池システム
CA2242176C (fr) * 1997-06-30 2009-01-27 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Pile a combustible a electrolyte polymere solide et methode d'humidification et de modification de la temperature du flux de reactant
EP0980107B1 (fr) * 1998-08-10 2003-07-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Equos Research Système de piles à combustible

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO03017402A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003017402A2 (fr) 2003-02-27
WO2003017402A3 (fr) 2004-04-15
DE10139614A1 (de) 2003-02-27

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