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EP1423188A1 - Systeme de conversion d'air et de carburant en reformat - Google Patents

Systeme de conversion d'air et de carburant en reformat

Info

Publication number
EP1423188A1
EP1423188A1 EP01274475A EP01274475A EP1423188A1 EP 1423188 A1 EP1423188 A1 EP 1423188A1 EP 01274475 A EP01274475 A EP 01274475A EP 01274475 A EP01274475 A EP 01274475A EP 1423188 A1 EP1423188 A1 EP 1423188A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
air
bluff body
nozzle
reaction space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP01274475A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Felix Wolf
Christian Bäcker
Sybille Miklos
Christine Sallinger
Marcus NEUMÜLLER
Stefan Kunz
Martin Wegner
Florian Metz
Bernd Mittmann
Johann Sperl
Thomas Kerscher
Josef Amann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto Thermosysteme GmbH
Webasto Thermosysteme International GmbH
Original Assignee
Webasto Thermosysteme GmbH
Webasto Thermosysteme International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10143461A external-priority patent/DE10143461A1/de
Priority claimed from DE10144407A external-priority patent/DE10144407B4/de
Priority claimed from DE10144408A external-priority patent/DE10144408B4/de
Priority claimed from DE10144400A external-priority patent/DE10144400B4/de
Application filed by Webasto Thermosysteme GmbH, Webasto Thermosysteme International GmbH filed Critical Webasto Thermosysteme GmbH
Publication of EP1423188A1 publication Critical patent/EP1423188A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/102—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber
    • F23D11/103—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber with means creating a swirl inside the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3121—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/712—Feed mechanisms for feeding fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/7176—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/71805—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using valves, gates, orifices or openings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/7181—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using fans or turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
    • B01J19/006—Baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C01B3/363—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents characterised by the burner used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/02—Structural details of mounting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/108—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel intersecting downstream of the burner outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/12—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle
    • F23D11/14—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle with a single outlet, e.g. slit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F23D11/383—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F23M5/025—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used specially adapted for burner openings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3125—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characteristics of the Venturi parts
    • B01F25/31253—Discharge
    • B01F25/312533—Constructional characteristics of the diverging discharge conduit or barrel, e.g. with zones of changing conicity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00119—Heat exchange inside a feeding nozzle or nozzle reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
    • B01J2219/00763—Baffles
    • B01J2219/00765—Baffles attached to the reactor wall
    • B01J2219/00768—Baffles attached to the reactor wall vertical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C01B2203/0255—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a non-catalytic partial oxidation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2212/00—Burner material specifications
    • F23D2212/10—Burner material specifications ceramic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2213/00—Burner manufacture specifications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00016—Preventing or reducing deposit build-up on burner parts, e.g. from carbon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for converting fuel and air to reformate with a reformer which has a reaction space, a nozzle for supplying a fuel / air mixture to the reaction space and a fuel supply for supplying fuel into the nozzle.
  • Generic systems are used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
  • fuel and air preferably in the form of a fuel / air mixture, are fed to the reformer.
  • the fuel is then reacted with the atmospheric oxygen in the reformer, the partial oxidation process preferably being carried out.
  • the reformate thus produced is then fed to a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack, electrical energy being released by the controlled conversion of hydrogen, as a component of the reformate, and oxygen.
  • the reformer can be designed such that the partial oxidation process is carried out in order to produce reformate.
  • diesel when used as a fuel, it is particularly useful to carry out preliminary reactions before the partial oxidation.
  • long-chain diesel molecules can be converted into shorter-chain molecules with "cold flame", which ultimately favors the reformer operation.
  • a gas mixture is fed to the reaction zone of the reformer, which is converted to H 2 and CO.
  • Another component of the reformate are N 2 from the air and, depending on the air ratio and the temperature, possibly CO 2 , H 2 0 and CH.
  • the reforming reaction can by different sensors, for example temperature sensors and gas sensors, are monitored.
  • the partial oxidation process is brought about by the fact that oxygen is supplied in a stoichiometric manner.
  • the partial oxidation is exothermic, so that the reformer can heat up undesirably in a problematic manner.
  • the partial oxidation also tends to increase soot formation.
  • the air ratio ⁇ can be chosen smaller. This is achieved so that part of the oxygen used for the oxidation is provided by water vapor.
  • a common fuel cell system is, for example, a PEM system ("proton exchange membrane”), which can typically be operated at operating temperatures between room temperature and about 100 ° C. Due to the low operating temperatures, this type of fuel cell is often used for mobile applications, for example in motor vehicles.
  • PEM system proto exchange membrane
  • SOFC High-temperature fuel cells
  • solid oxide fuel cell These systems work, for example, in the temperature range of approximately 800 ° C., a solid electrolyte (“solid oxide”) being able to take over the transport of oxygen ions.
  • solid oxide solid electrolyte
  • auxiliary power unit As an application area for fuel cells in connection with the generic systems, in addition to stationary applications there are in particular applications in the motor vehicle area, for example as an "auxiliary power unit” (APU).
  • APU auxiliary power unit
  • a good mixture of fuel and air and a good distribution of the fuel / air mixture in the reaction space of the reformer are advantageous for the function of the reformer.
  • a fuel / air mixture is always mentioned when the substances to be introduced or introduced into the reaction space of the reformer are addressed.
  • the substances introduced are not limited to a mixture of fuel and air. Rather, other substances can also be introduced, for example water vapor in the case of autothermal reforming.
  • the term fuel / air mixture is to be understood in this more general form.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a system for converting fuel and air to reformate, which has advantageous properties with regard to the conditioning of the fuel / air mixture in a reaction chamber of a reformer.
  • the invention builds on the generic state of the art in that a bluff body for the fuel / air mixture supplied through the nozzle is provided in the reaction chamber. Flame stabilization can be achieved by the bluff body provided according to the invention if the system is operated as a burner for preheating, for example. Such preheating of the system is required in many cases in order to create suitable environmental conditions for the production of the reformate.
  • the bluff body provided according to the invention can contribute to an improvement in the mixing of fuel and air and to a better distribution of the fuel / air mixture in the reaction space of the reformer.
  • the effect achieved by the bluff body is only desired in certain operating states, means can be provided which completely or partially cancel out the effect of the bluff body in other operating states.
  • these means can fold away or pivot the bluff body completely or partially in order to at least partially cancel the effect of the bluff body.
  • the bluff body can have pivotable slats, the position of which influences the effect of the bluff body.
  • the bluff body is preferably arranged fixedly in the reaction space and has no moving parts.
  • the bluff body is arranged in relation to the nozzle in the exit direction of the fuel / air mixture. It can in particular be provided that the bluff body is arranged perpendicular to the main flow direction of the fuel / air mixture.
  • the bluff body is arranged in a region of the reaction space which forms a flame zone when the system is in burner operation.
  • the effect of the flame stabilizers lization be advantageously enlarged.
  • the flame noise is also reduced in this way, which is desirable in many cases.
  • the bluff body enables the desired burner operation even when the atomization quality, for example during a cold start, is not yet optimal.
  • the arrangement of the bluff body in the flame zone can make it easier to re-ignite the fuel on the glowing disk in some operating states of the system according to the invention, for example after a flame has broken off.
  • emissions can be reduced at the end of burner operation if the glowing bluff body is allowed to react completely.
  • the bluff body has a baffle plate.
  • the baffle plate can have a geometry that is adapted to the respective geometry of the reaction space.
  • the baffle plate can be circular if the reaction space is cylindrical.
  • the bluff body is at least partially conical and / or convex and / or concave.
  • the geometry of the bluff body preferably also influences the flow conditions within the reaction space in the reformer operation of the system according to the invention.
  • the geometry of the bluff body, particularly if it has a baffle plate, is selected such that the desired mixing of fuel and air is achieved.
  • a baffle plate assigned to the bluff body can be provided with a web or collar in its outer peripheral region, so that a pot-like geometry results.
  • the collar or web preferably extends in the direction of the nozzle and can have a height of approximately 2, for example mm.
  • much larger dimensions are also conceivable.
  • the outer dimensions of the bluff body are smaller than the inner dimensions of the area of the reaction space in which the bluff body is arranged.
  • the geometry of the reaction chamber and of the bluff body is preferably chosen so that at least a part of the fuel / air mixture flows past the bluff body.
  • the ratio of the bluff body diameter to the reaction chamber diameter is between 0.6 and 0.9.
  • the specified dimensioning of the baffle plate results in an only insignificantly increased pressure loss in the reaction chamber compared to other aerodynamic measures.
  • the tangential component of a swirling air flow is only slightly disturbed, so that a flow of the fuel / air mixture with swirl components can be caused downstream of the bluff body.
  • the ratio of the axial distance of the bluff body from an atomization point of the fuel / air mixture to the reaction chamber diameter is between 0.3 and 0.6.
  • the bluff body has openings, in particular in the form of bores and / or slots.
  • the openings can be designed in the form of a defined perforation of the baffle plate. The number and geometry of the openings and / or slots influences the proportions of the fuel / air mixture past the bluff body or through it.
  • the bluff body has at least one partially ring-shaped or ring-shaped section.
  • the bluff body is formed by an annular baffle plate.
  • the baffle plate can optionally have a web or collar, in particular in its outer circumferential area.
  • the bluff body has a chamber which is assigned at least one heating element.
  • This chamber can be used as a starting chamber, among other things. If the bluff body has a baffle plate, areas of a "hot spot" facing away from the baffle plate can also be used to heat the starting chamber or the baffle plate.
  • the chamber can be arranged, for example, on the edge of a baffle plate. Alternatively, however, it can also be fastened at any other location on the bluff body or formed integrally therewith.
  • the at least one heating element is formed by a glow plug and / or a glow plug.
  • the glow plug and / or the glow plug can in particular be activated in order to trigger the burner operation of the system according to the invention.
  • the bluff body is attached directly and / or indirectly to the reaction space, in particular to the bottom of the reaction space.
  • the bluff body is attached indirectly, for example to aerodynamic internals of the reaction space.
  • the bluff body is formed at least in sections from steel, in particular high-alloy steel, and / or ceramic and / or ceramic-coated steel.
  • a preferred development of the invention provides that means for air guidance are provided in the air inlet area, which impart a swirl to the incoming air.
  • the term air inlet area is to be understood very generally.
  • a cylindrical part of the flow path through the Venturi nozzle can be meant.
  • an area outside the Venturi nozzle can also be referred to as an air inlet area. What is meant in detail results from the context.
  • the means for guiding the air comprise an air-guiding device with swirl vanes.
  • Such an air-guiding device as a separate component can be manufactured and placed on the nozzle independently of the nozzle.
  • the swirl blades are arranged on a carrier attached to a nozzle assembly and that two swirl blades each form a conical channel together with the carrier and the nozzle assembly.
  • the swirl blades can be arranged approximately radially or inclined to the radii.
  • the swirl vanes can be flat or curved in the direction of flow.
  • the air-guiding device it is also possible for the air-guiding device to have a cup-shaped sleeve fastened to the nozzle assembly with axial air openings formed therein and peripheral air openings formed in a peripheral wall. It is also possible in this way to impart a defined swirl to the air flowing into the nozzle.
  • peripheral air openings are bores formed almost tangentially to the peripheral wall. Due to the tangential arrangement of the holes, it is possible to apply a swirl to the air without any additional aids.
  • air guide vanes are arranged on the peripheral air openings. It is therefore not necessary to convey the swirl directly through the circumferential air opening. Rather, it is conceivable to allow the air to flow in through any circumferential air openings and subsequently to impart the swirl through air guide vanes.
  • the system according to the invention can be further developed in that the nozzle is a Venturi nozzle with an air inlet area and a diffuser area extending downstream with respect to the air inlet area.
  • a Venturi nozzle causes a high axial pressure drop, so that combustion air can advantageously be drawn in and mixed with fuel in the diffuser area.
  • the air flowing into the nozzle has a high speed and consequently a low pressure. The high flow velocity of the air favors the absorption of the fuel by the inflowing air.
  • the opening angle of the diffuser area is variable. Even if in the simplest case the diffuser area has a uniform opening angle, it can be useful in particular for the connection of the diffuser part to the reaction space to provide a larger opening angle in the entry area into the combustion chamber. This supports the uniform distribution of the fuel / air mixture in the reaction space, while the opening angle of the part of the diffuser area located further upstream can be optimized with regard to the flow behavior in this area.
  • the system according to the invention is developed in a particularly advantageous manner in that liquid fuel is fed to the Venturi nozzle in the vicinity of the air inlet area through a needle.
  • This fuel needle is supplied with fuel via a fuel line. Due to the high flow velocity of the inflowing air, the fuel, which exits the fuel needle almost without pressure, is drawn into threads, which then disintegrate into droplets.
  • the high air speeds required for good atomization in the air inlet area can be achieved there due to the advantageous pressure recovery of the diffuser.
  • the system according to the invention can also be developed in a particularly advantageous manner in that the fuel supply comprises a tube and a two-substance nozzle, so that a fuel / air mixture is supplied to the Venturi nozzle.
  • the two-substance nozzle is a further Venturi nozzle.
  • a smaller Venturi nozzle with a fuel needle arranged therein is provided within the Venturi nozzle used in the context of the present invention.
  • the fuel emerges from the fuel needle and is premixed in the smaller Venturi nozzle.
  • the fuel / air mixture then enters the Venturi tube, that is to say the Venturi nozzle according to the invention, and is further mixed there in order finally to enter the reaction space.
  • the air entering the reaction chamber through the Venturi nozzle that is to say the air present in the fuel / air mixture, can be referred to in this context as primary air.
  • the secondary air is advantageously conveyed through secondary air bores in the housing of the reaction space. Splitting the air into primary and secondary air can be useful to provide a rich, ignitable mixture at the nozzle exit. This is particularly useful when starting the system, since here the reformer advantageously works like a burner.
  • the fuel needle is therefore designed to be extremely thin-walled, so that the smallest possible outer diameter is ensured with a given fuel throughput, that is to say given inner diameter. This ultimately leads to a particularly low flow obstacle due to the presence of the Needle is present.
  • the specified tolerance range is chosen such that the needle can still be manufactured without major difficulties, the principle underlying the present invention being fulfilled the better the closer the ratio of the inside diameter to the outside diameter of the fuel needle approaches the value 1.
  • the system according to the invention is developed in a particularly advantageous manner in that the Venturi nozzle is axially symmetrical and in that the fuel needle is aligned axially. Due to the axial alignment of the fuel needle, it offers low flow resistance for the combustion air. However, if the aim is to introduce the fuel at a certain angle into the flow area of the Venturi nozzle, it is also possible to tilt the fuel needle against the axis of the Venturi nozzle. In this case, too, the indicated useful ratio between inner diameter and outer diameter contributes to minimizing the flow resistance.
  • the exit plane of the liquid fuel from the fuel needle is perpendicular to the direction of flow of the liquid fuel through the fuel needle. In this way, neglecting gravity results in an axially symmetrical exit of the fuel from the fuel needle.
  • the exit plane of the liquid fuel from the fuel needle runs obliquely to the direction of flow of the liquid fuel through the fuel needle.
  • the system according to the invention is further developed in a preferred manner in that the air inlet region has an essentially cylindrical part which has a transition to the diffuser region, that the outlet opening of the fuel needle is arranged in the cylindrical part and that there is an axial distance between the outlet opening the fuel needle and the transition.
  • the liquid fuel which has emerged from the outlet opening of the fuel needle is still transported over a certain distance through a region of high flow velocity together with the inflowing air.
  • This ensures particularly good atomization.
  • the system according to the invention is advantageously further developed in that, with respect to at least one installation option of the reformer in a motor vehicle, it is designed such that the opening of the fuel needle is above the axis of the Venturi nozzle. This makes it possible to arrange the fuel needle parallel to the axis of the Venturi nozzle and at the same time to counteract a gravitational effect.
  • the installation position of the fuel needle with respect to the Venturi nozzle axis is selected such that it is displaced radially upwards from the axis and then still in the circumferential direction, then two installation positions of the reformer can be permitted, with the favorable compensation of the two installation positions Gravity takes place through the location of the opening above the axis of the Venturi nozzle.
  • the system according to the invention can be further developed in that the nozzle is made of ceramic material and that the means for guiding the air are formed in one piece with the nozzle. In this way, an inexpensive nozzle can be produced.
  • the ceramic material can be processed in a simple manner, with numerous variations in terms of shape being possible.
  • the means for guiding the air which cause a swirl of the air outside the air inlet area, can be formed in one piece with the nozzle. Due to the use of a ceramic, there is the further advantage that the area of the nozzle around a fuel needle arranged in the nozzle does not assume excessively high temperatures, so that there can be no ignition of any fuel quantities escaping from the nozzle. Due to the one-piece design of the means for air guidance, tolerances can be adhered to in a simple manner, since incorrect adjustment of the air guidance means when assembling the reformer is no longer possible.
  • the invention is advantageously developed in that the nozzle has means for holding a glow plug.
  • the positioning of the glow plug in relation to the nozzle is an important parameter with regard to good starting behavior of the reformer.
  • the glow plug was generally held by the reformer housing, so that positioning fluctuations with respect to the nozzle could result.
  • Such tolerances can be excluded by the property of the nozzle according to the invention that the nozzle itself has means for holding the glow plug.
  • the glow plug is always in the same position with respect to the nozzle.
  • the nozzle according to the invention is advantageously developed in such a way that the nozzle has at least partially an essentially cylindrical shape and that the means for guiding the air form channels which are offset with respect to the radial directions.
  • the air flowing in perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle is therefore not supplied radially but with an offset.
  • This offset determines the swirl that is supplied to the air, thus the flow behavior and ultimately also the properties and quality of the combustion.
  • the air guiding means have essentially triangular bases, the corners being rounded. This enables the channel offset to be implemented in a simple manner. The rounding of the corners is advantageous for a uniform flow behavior.
  • the means for holding the glow plug are implemented as a bore that runs obliquely to the cylinder axis.
  • the glow plug then only has to be inserted into the hole for suitable positioning.
  • Glow plug and / or within the bore ensures that the glow plug is guided into its optimal position with respect to the nozzle.
  • the nozzle according to the invention is developed in a particularly advantageous manner in that an at least substantially cylindrical part of the nozzle has a substantially cylindrical extension with an enlarged diameter and that the means for holding the glow plug are implemented as a bore which runs obliquely to the cylinder axis and penetrates the extension are.
  • the glow plug can be held in an area so that it influences the flow behavior of the inflowing fuel / air mixture as little as possible. Due to the cylindrical extension, which has a larger diameter than the rest of the nozzle body, this can be accomplished in a simple manner.
  • an at least substantially cylindrical part of the nozzle has an essentially cylindrical extension with an enlarged diameter and that the cylindrical extension has recesses for receiving mounting bolts.
  • These mounting bolts can, for example, be firmly attached to a heat shield of the reformer. In this way, the relative positioning of the nozzle is determined by the recesses in the attachment and the position of the mounting bolts. This makes assembly particularly easy and possible with only small tolerances.
  • the system according to the invention can be developed in such a way that the reformer, the nozzle and the fuel supply are arranged on an axis, that means for holding the nozzle and the fuel supply are provided, and that at least two axially aligned mounting bolts are provided are attached to the reformer that the nozzle and the fuel supply comprise positioning devices which cooperate with the mounting bolts, that the means for holding the components interact with the mounting bolts and that the reformer, the nozzle, the fuel supply and the means for holding the components axially are arranged in succession.
  • the fuel needle is positioned extremely precisely with respect to the nozzle.
  • the positioning of the glow plug required for the starting behavior is also predetermined by the positions of the mounting bolts. Ultimately, you get a stable structure that ensures high quality reformer operation.
  • the device according to the invention is advantageously further developed in that the means for holding the components are designed as a spring which is held on the mounting bolts by means of clamping disks. Fastening with such a spring has the advantage that mechanical stresses, in particular due to temperature effects, can be compensated for. In systems of the prior art, undesirable high forces could act on the reformer and on a possibly provided heat shield of the reformer due to mechanical stresses, as a result of which the latter was ultimately deformed.
  • the mounting bolts are welded to the reformer.
  • the assembly bolts are firmly connected to the reformer in a defined position.
  • a seal is provided between the nozzle and the reformer. This serves both the thermal insulation and the adaptation of the nozzle to the heat shield of the reformer.
  • the seal has at least one mica layer facing the reformer and at least one graphite layer facing the nozzle. This provides the advantageous properties of the seal mentioned in a particularly reliable manner.
  • the fuel supply has a metal knitted fabric. This serves to break up bubbles in the fuel. This also provides a back pressure for a damper which may be arranged on the fuel line.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that it has considerable advantages to provide a bluff body for the fuel / air mixture supplied through the nozzle in the reaction space. This achieves advantages both in burner operation and in reformer operation of the system according to the invention.
  • a cold start is facilitated, for example.
  • the mixing of fuel and air in particular is improved, so that ultimately a reformate with improved properties results.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a system in which the present invention can be used
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a system according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention
  • Figure 4 is a diagram for explaining the axial pressure curve in a Venturi nozzle
  • FIG. 5a shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5b shows a perspective illustration of an embodiment of a reaction space of the system according to the invention.
  • Figure 5c is a sectional view of the reaction space of Figure 5b;
  • FIG. 5d shows a top view of the reaction space from FIG. 5b;
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective illustration of a carrier with an air-conducting device for use in a system according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic sectional view along the cross-sectional plane identified by A-A in FIG. 7;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic sectional view, corresponding to the section according to
  • FIG. 8 a further embodiment of an air-guiding device
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along the plane labeled B-B in Figure 10;
  • FIG. 12 shows a fuel needle with a first outlet opening for use in a system according to the invention;
  • FIG. 13 shows a fuel needle with a second outlet opening for use in a system according to the invention
  • FIG. 14 shows a fuel needle with a third outlet opening for use in a system according to the invention
  • FIG. 15 is a partially sectioned side view of an embodiment of a nozzle for use in a system according to the invention
  • FIG. 16 shows a plan view of the air inlet area of a nozzle for use in a system according to the invention
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a system in which the present invention can be used.
  • Fuel 216 is fed to a reformer 214 via a pump 240.
  • Air 218 is also fed to the reformer 214 via a fan 242.
  • the reformate 220 generated in the reformer 214 reaches the anode 224 of a fuel cell 212 via a valve device 222.
  • the cathode 230 of the fuel cell 212 is supplied with cathode supply 228 via a blower 226.
  • the fuel cell 212 generates electrical energy 210
  • Anode exhaust 234 and cathode exhaust 236 are fed to a burner 232. Reformate can also be supplied to burner 232 via valve device 222. The thermal energy generated in the burner 232 can be supplied to the cathode supply air 228 in a heat exchanger 238, so that it is preheated. Exhaust gas 250 flows out of the heat exchanger 238.
  • the system illustrated in connection with the figures described below can be used to supply a fuel / air mixture to the reformer 214.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • the system comprises a reformer 10 with a reaction space 12.
  • a venturi nozzle 14 is connected to the reformer 10. This has an air inlet area 18 and a diffuser 20, the cross section of which increases in the direction of the reformer 10.
  • a fuel supply 16 is located in the vicinity of the air inlet area 18 within the Venturi nozzle 14.
  • This includes a pipe 24 for supplying fuel and a two-substance nozzle 26.
  • the two-substance nozzle 26 is provided with an opening 80 in FIG which air 82 can flow in. This mixes within the two-substance nozzle 26 with the fuel supplied by the pipe 24.
  • a fuel / air mixture can then emerge from the downstream opening of the two-component nozzle 26 and is carried along by air 82 which enters the air inlet region 18 of the Venturi nozzle 14.
  • the fuel / air mixture mixes with the air 82 flowing into the air inlet area 18 of the Venturi nozzle 14, and the fuel / air mixture thus created reaches the reaction chamber 12 of the reformer 10 via the diffuser 20. It is also possible to open an opening 30 to provide the reaction chamber 12 of the reformer 10 through which secondary air 82 can enter the reaction chamber 12.
  • a bluff body in the form of a baffle plate 300 is arranged in the reaction chamber 12 in relation to the nozzle 14 in the exit direction of the fuel / air mixture.
  • the baffle plate 300 has a circumferential web 308 in its outer circumferential area, so that a pot-like geometry results.
  • the bluff body 300 is arranged in an area of the reaction space 12 which forms a flame zone when the system is in burner operation.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • the fuel supply 16 is different in the system shown in Figure 3 than in the system of Figure 2.
  • Fuel is in turn first supplied via a pipe 24, but then passes into a further Venturi nozzle 28, which is significantly smaller than the Venturi nozzle 14.
  • the liquid fuel is caused by the air 82 flowing past the outlet opening of the pipe 24 at high speed picked up and atomized.
  • the fuel / air mixture thus created is then carried along by the air 82 which flows in the air inlet region 18 of the Venturi nozzle 14, so that it can mix with it.
  • a bluff body in the form of a baffle plate 300 is also arranged in the reaction chamber 12 in this embodiment. Similar to the embodiment in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagram to explain the axial pressure curve in a Venturi nozzle.
  • a pressure difference ⁇ p is plotted between the pressure at a specific coordinate I and the pressure in the reaction space 12 (see FIGS. 2 and 3).
  • the air 82 is generally fed into the air inlet area 18 of the Venturi nozzle 14 by a fan (not shown), this air being provided only with a slight excess pressure. Due to the increase in speed of the inflowing air, the pressure drops to a minimum value. As the air flow continues through the diffuser of the Venturi nozzle, the flow velocity decreases again and the pressure gradually increases to the reaction chamber pressure.
  • FIG. 5a shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • the system comprises a Venturi nozzle 14 with a nozzle assembly 44.
  • a fuel supply 72 is provided for supplying liquid fuel into the nozzle 14.
  • the fuel is fed to the air inflow region 92 via a fuel outlet 84 of a fuel needle 22, entrained there by inflowing air and then reaches the reaction chamber 12 of the reformer 10 as a fuel / air mixture via the diffuser 20.
  • An air-guiding device 42 is connected upstream of the nozzle assembly 44 which imparts a swirl to the air flowing into the Venturi nozzle 14.
  • the air-guiding device 42 is in the form of a carrier 46 which is arranged at a distance from the end face 90 of the nozzle assembly 44 and is, for example, circular. Together with the end face 90 of the nozzle assembly 44, the latter forms an annular gap 86. Swirl vanes 88 are arranged on the carrier 46, which are directed against the end face 90 of the nozzle assembly 44 and bear against it in the assembly position.
  • a bluff body 300 is again arranged in the reaction space 12. In this embodiment too, the bluff body is formed by a baffle plate 300 which has a web 308 in its outer circumferential area, so that a pot-like geometry is formed.
  • the web 308 is interrupted by fastening tabs 306 with which the baffle plate 300 is fastened to the reaction chamber wall.
  • the ratio of the baffle plate diameter to the reaction chamber diameter is approximately 0.75 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5a and is therefore in the preferred range from 0.6 to 0.9.
  • the ratio of the axial distance of the baffle plate 300 from the atomization point of the fuel / air mixture to the reaction chamber diameter is also in the preferred range from 0.3 to 0.6.
  • Figure 5b shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a
  • FIG. 5c shows a sectional view of the reaction space of FIG. 5b
  • FIG. 5d shows a plan view of the reaction space of FIG. 5b.
  • the reaction space 12 is essentially cylindrical.
  • the bluff body 300 which is fastened to the reaction chamber wall by fastening tabs 306 and is essentially again formed by a baffle plate, has a chamber 302. In the fully assembled state of the system, a glow plug or glow plug 304 projects into this chamber 302 in order to form an ignition element.
  • the chamber 302 is preferably designed such that the glow plug or glow plug 304 projects straight into it, so that radiation energy from the glow plug or glow plug 304 downstream of the nozzle 12 can be used to heat the component.
  • the bluff body 300 or the baffle plate 300 can have openings in the form of bores and / or slots if this has a positive influence on the flow behavior.
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective illustration of an air-guiding device 42 for use in a system according to the invention.
  • the swirl vanes 88 are each offset on a carrier 46 with respect to the radii of the circular arrangement in order to generate a tangential flow component.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • the illustrated embodiment of the system according to the invention differs from that according to FIG. 5 in that the air-guiding device 42 is designed as a cup-shaped sleeve 96.
  • the sleeve 96 has axial bores 94 in its base, and tangential bores 98 are formed in the peripheral wall 100 of the sleeve 96.
  • the sleeve 96 is fastened to the nozzle assembly 44 of the Venturi nozzle 14, for example by plugging it in or by some other form, force or material connection.
  • the axial bores 94 and the tangential bores 98 are matched to one another in such a way that the inflowing air is given a defined swirl.
  • the arrangement of the bluff body 300 essentially corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 5a.
  • the bluff body again has a baffle plate 300 which is fastened to the reaction chamber wall via fastening tabs 306. For the rest, reference is made to the explanations regarding the bluff body 300 in FIG. 5a.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic sectional view along the cross-sectional plane labeled A-A in FIG.
  • An exemplary arrangement of the axial bores 94 and the tangential bores 98 in the sleeve 96 is shown.
  • the swirl of the air flow can be adjusted as required by varying the number of openings or bores 94, 98 and their size and arrangement.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic sectional view, corresponding to FIG. 8, of a further embodiment of an air-guiding device.
  • the sleeve 96 shown here has in its peripheral wall 100 air openings 102 which are delimited towards the center of the sleeve 96 by an air guide vane 104 assigned to the respective air opening 102.
  • a tangential flow component is impressed on the inflowing air by the air guide vanes 104.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • the function and properties of the components shown result from the preceding description, taking into account the reference numerals.
  • the representation is highly schematic so that essential components of the system can be identified.
  • the fuel needle 22 for supplying fuel is arranged in the cylindrical part 38 of the Venturi nozzle 14. On the one hand, it makes sense to arrange the fuel needle 22 in exactly this constricted cylindrical part 38 of the Venturi nozzle 14, since the combustion air 82 flowing at high flow speed favors the atomization of the fuel. On the other hand, the fuel needle 22 also represents an obstacle to the flow of the incoming combustion air 82. This is a fundamental problem, which is solved by the features described below in connection with a system according to the invention.
  • a bluff body 300 provided in the reaction space 12 is also fastened to the reaction space wall in this embodiment with fastening tabs 306.
  • the bluff body 300 is given a pot-like geometry by a web 308, which has a favorable influence on the flow properties.
  • the line BB denotes a radial cutting plane, to which reference is made in the following description.
  • FIG. 11 shows a sectional view along the plane marked BB in FIG. 10. It can be seen how the present invention solves the problem described in connection with FIG. 10.
  • the fuel needle 22 represents a minimal flow resistance for the incoming combustion air in the Venturi nozzle 14.
  • FIG. 12 shows a fuel needle 22 with a first outlet opening for use in a system according to the invention.
  • the exit plane 32 of the fuel 106 from the fuel needle 22 is perpendicular to the main flow direction of the fuel 106. This results in the fuel 106 being constricted outside the fuel needle 22, sometimes with a view to a homogeneous distribution of the fuel 106 in the Venturi nozzle and can ultimately be disadvantageous in the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 13 shows a fuel needle 22 with a second outlet opening for use in a system according to the invention.
  • the outlet opening of the fuel needle 22 has battlements 36. These battlements 36 bundle the emerging fuel 106 in certain areas, and ultimately it is achieved that the fuel 106 is distributed almost homogeneously over the entire flow cross-section available to it.
  • FIG. 14 shows a fuel needle 22 with a third outlet opening for use in a system according to the invention.
  • a fuel needle 22 with a bevelled opening 34 can be seen here. This gives the outflowing fuel 106 a preferred direction so that, for example, a gravity effect can be counteracted.
  • FIG. 15 shows a partially sectioned side view of an embodiment of a nozzle 14 for use in a system according to the invention.
  • the venturi nozzle 14 is made of ceramic material, which simplifies the manufacture of the nozzle 14 compared to metal nozzles.
  • Means 40 for air guidance are provided in the air inlet area 18. These are formed in one piece with the nozzle 14. In particular, they are also made of ceramic material.
  • the air guide elements 40 are aligned in such a way that a swirl is imparted to the supplied air, which is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 16.
  • the Venturi nozzle 14 is also equipped with a bore 62. A glow plug 64 can be inserted into this bore 62 and is used to ignite the fuel / air mixture entering the reaction space (not shown in FIG. 15).
  • the reformer works in the manner of a burner, so that an initial ignition of the fuel / air mixture may be necessary.
  • An advantage of the arrangement of the glow plug 64 in a bore 62 of the nozzle 14 is that the positioning of the glow plug 64 is fixed with respect to the nozzle 14. The positioning of the glow plug 64 therefore does not depend in particular on any other components. In this way, very small tolerances with regard to the installation position of the glow plug 64 can be maintained.
  • the bore 62 advantageously passes through a cylindrical extension 66 of the nozzle 14 which is enlarged in its radius, which means the
  • the advantage is that the flow behavior of the nozzle 14 is only slightly influenced by the bore 62 or by the glow plug 64 arranged in the bore 62.
  • FIG. 16 shows a top view of the air inlet area 18 of a nozzle 14 for use in a system according to the invention.
  • a possible design of the air inlet area 18 by air guiding elements 40 is shown.
  • the air guide elements 40 form channels 48 for the inflowing air. These channels 48 are positioned with respect to the radii of the structure which is essentially arranged on an axis such that there is an offset. Air flowing in from outside thus experiences a swirl, which has advantageous properties with regard to the atomization of the fuel which emerges from the fuel needle.
  • the arrangement of the opening 62 for receiving the glow plug can be seen in the present illustration. This penetrates an essentially cylindrical extension 66. Extension 66 is also provided with recesses 68. These recesses 68 define the installation position of the nozzle 14, which is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 17.
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • An end of the reformer 10 facing the nozzle 14 is shown.
  • the reformer 10 is delimited by a heat shield 108.
  • two mounting bolts 70 are provided on this heat shield 108. These mounting bolts 70 can be welded to the heat shield 108 or to the reformer 10.
  • the mounting bolts 70 define the positioning of the further components described below.
  • a seal 78 is provided, which preferably consists of a mica layer and a graphite layer, the mica layer facing the reformer 10 and the graphite layer Fit layer facing the nozzle 14. This is followed by the ceramic nozzle 14, which sits on the mounting bolt 70 with its recesses 68 shown in FIG. 16.
  • a fuel supply 72 which is connected to the fuel needle 22, is placed on the nozzle 14. This fuel feed 72 is also positioned by the mounting bolts 70.
  • the fuel supply 72 is supplied with fuel by a fuel line 110, in which a fuel sensor 112 is arranged.
  • the fuel supply 72 is followed by a spring 74 which is also placed on the mounting bolts 70.
  • the spring 74 is held by clamping disks 76 which sit immovably on the mounting bolts 70.
  • the spring 74 is shown in a tensioned state in which the legs of the spring 74 are, for example, parallel to the disc in between. In the relaxed state of the spring 74, the legs of the spring 74 are bent upwards in the direction of the disc in between.
  • a glow plug (not shown) is positioned in accordance with the embodiment of a nozzle 14 shown in FIG. 15 and held by a wire spring (not shown) which is supported on the nozzle 14.
  • the fuel supply 72 and thus the fuel needle 22 are automatically aligned with respect to the nozzle 14.
  • the glow plug can also be positioned exactly with respect to nozzle 14 and reformer 10.
  • the construction of the structure shown in FIG. 17 can be fully automated.
  • the assembly direction is uniformly axial, so that only the components have to be “threaded on”.
  • the seal 78 provides thermal insulation, a coupling of the nozzle ceramic 14 to the metal of the heat shield 108 and tolerance compensation.
  • the structure can advantageously be mounted by force-controlled pressing of the clamping disks 76 onto the mounting bolts 70, so that uniform requirements are created with regard to the heat and temperature properties of the structure can be. By means of the spring force, tolerances due to different heating of the components, different final temperatures of the components and different coefficients of thermal expansion can be compensated for.

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  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de conversion d'air et de carburant en réformat. Ce système comprend un dispositif de reformage (10) présentant une chambre de réaction (12), un gicleur (14) destiné à céder un mélange air/carburant à la chambre de réaction (12) et un dispositif d'alimentation en carburant (16) destiné à céder du carburant au gicleur (14). L'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'un corps de retenue (300), implanté dans la chambre de réaction (12), est destiné au mélange air/carburant cédé par le gicleur (14).
EP01274475A 2001-09-05 2001-10-18 Systeme de conversion d'air et de carburant en reformat Ceased EP1423188A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10143461 2001-09-05
DE10143461A DE10143461A1 (de) 2001-09-05 2001-09-05 System zum Zuführen von Brennluft und flüssigem Brennstoff in einen Brenner
DE10144407 2001-09-10
DE10144407A DE10144407B4 (de) 2001-09-10 2001-09-10 Düse zum Zerstäuben von flüssigem Brennstoff
DE10144408A DE10144408B4 (de) 2001-09-10 2001-09-10 Düse zum Zerstäuben von flüssigem Brennstoff
DE10144400A DE10144400B4 (de) 2001-09-10 2001-09-10 Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches in einen Brenner
DE10144400 2001-09-10
DE10144408 2001-09-10
PCT/EP2001/012071 WO2003022424A1 (fr) 2001-09-05 2001-10-18 Systeme de conversion d'air et de carburant en reformat

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1423188A1 true EP1423188A1 (fr) 2004-06-02

Family

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Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01969787A Expired - Lifetime EP1423189B1 (fr) 2001-09-05 2001-09-27 Systeme de conversion de carburant et d'air en reformat, et procede de montage d'un systeme de ce type
EP01983509A Expired - Lifetime EP1423190B1 (fr) 2001-09-05 2001-09-27 Systeme de conversion d'air et de carburant en reformat et son procede de montage
EP01274475A Ceased EP1423188A1 (fr) 2001-09-05 2001-10-18 Systeme de conversion d'air et de carburant en reformat

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01969787A Expired - Lifetime EP1423189B1 (fr) 2001-09-05 2001-09-27 Systeme de conversion de carburant et d'air en reformat, et procede de montage d'un systeme de ce type
EP01983509A Expired - Lifetime EP1423190B1 (fr) 2001-09-05 2001-09-27 Systeme de conversion d'air et de carburant en reformat et son procede de montage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (3) US7357821B2 (fr)
EP (3) EP1423189B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002214995A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE50112883D1 (fr)
WO (3) WO2003022423A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003022422A8 (fr) 2003-04-17
US7357820B2 (en) 2008-04-15
EP1423189A1 (fr) 2004-06-02
DE50112884D1 (de) 2007-09-27
EP1423190A2 (fr) 2004-06-02
US7357821B2 (en) 2008-04-15
US20040047778A1 (en) 2004-03-11
US7531015B2 (en) 2009-05-12
WO2003022423A1 (fr) 2003-03-20
US20040191131A1 (en) 2004-09-30
EP1423190B1 (fr) 2007-08-15
DE50112883D1 (de) 2007-09-27
US20040068934A1 (en) 2004-04-15
AU2002214995A1 (en) 2003-03-24
WO2003022422A1 (fr) 2003-03-20
WO2003022424A1 (fr) 2003-03-20
EP1423189B1 (fr) 2007-08-15

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Inventor name: AMANN, JOSEF

Inventor name: KERSCHER, THOMAS

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Inventor name: MITTMANN, BERND

Inventor name: METZ, FLORIAN

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