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EP1419835A1 - Method and device for producing flowable metal foam - Google Patents

Method and device for producing flowable metal foam Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1419835A1
EP1419835A1 EP20030450197 EP03450197A EP1419835A1 EP 1419835 A1 EP1419835 A1 EP 1419835A1 EP 20030450197 EP20030450197 EP 20030450197 EP 03450197 A EP03450197 A EP 03450197A EP 1419835 A1 EP1419835 A1 EP 1419835A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foam
cavities
projecting
mold
foam formation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20030450197
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1419835B1 (en
Inventor
Franz Dobesberger
Dietmar Leitlmeier
Herbert Flankl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huette Klein Reichenbach GmbH
Original Assignee
Huette Klein Reichenbach GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Huette Klein Reichenbach GmbH filed Critical Huette Klein Reichenbach GmbH
Priority to AT03450197T priority Critical patent/ATE324955T1/en
Priority to SI200330366T priority patent/SI1419835T1/en
Publication of EP1419835A1 publication Critical patent/EP1419835A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1419835B1 publication Critical patent/EP1419835B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • B22D25/005—Casting metal foams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
    • C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/086—Gas foaming process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12479—Porous [e.g., foamed, spongy, cracked, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249967—Inorganic matrix in void-containing component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249967—Inorganic matrix in void-containing component
    • Y10T428/24997—Of metal-containing material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of flowable Metal foam with monomodal distribution of the dimension of the cavities in this. More specifically, the invention is concerned with the creation of Metal foams, each with substantially the same pore volume for a Use in moldings with a special property profile. Furthermore, the concerns Invention an apparatus for displaying a metal foam in the above Form of training, as well as a use of components, containing a largely homogeneous foam formation.
  • Metal foam especially light metal foam
  • the Shaped bodies with low weight are said to be precisely defined mechanical Stress high stability and / or overload under maximum energy absorption be deformable.
  • Austrian patent application 936/2001 discloses an apparatus and a method for introducing gas into a molten metal, in which a uniformity of the diameter of the individual bubbles and the Size of the gas bubbles are controlled.
  • metal foam have the common disadvantage that individual bubbles themselves usually only at a merge connect and often thickened Train gusset areas. Furthermore, if desired, a desired Filling speed of a mold to obtain a uniformly thick Surface layer of the body or a preferred metal flow in this can not be reached.
  • the known devices usually allow non-contiguous Produce metal foam bubbles of the same size such that in terms to a low specific weight with high mechanical characteristics of the part, the intermediate walls between the cavities designed thin and can perform beneficial support functions.
  • the invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and is committed to Aim to provide a method of the type mentioned, by means of which a flowable metal foam with monomodal dimensions of the cavities arises in a foamable melt at the gas inlet and on is formed.
  • the invention has the object, a generic Device for producing flowable foam for processing indicate the same.
  • the invention relates to a use of in the Melt formed foam.
  • the aforementioned object is in a method according to the invention Reached by at least two adjacent, similar dimensioned, protruding into a metallurgical vessel projecting Entry pipes are introduced into a foamable molten metal gas and in these are formed in the region of the projecting pipe ends in each case bubbles, wherein juxtaposition of areas of the bladder surfaces and under Forming of particle-containing partitions a coherent foam formation represented and further developed becomes.
  • the size of the individual bubbles or Cavities in the foam formation by the choice of the distance of the Entry pipes from each other and, as is known, through the geometric Training the projecting into the molten metal pipe ends according to the Austrian Patent Application 936/2001 is determined. You can favorable conditions for a similar formation of the bubbles and a desired formation speed of the formation can be created.
  • the foam formation into a mold or mold introduced and allowed to solidify in this to a dischargeable molding can be a dense, but extremely small thickness of the sub-surface layer be created with an immediately adjoining foam core.
  • An advantageous exactly limiting stability of a lightweight component can be achieved when introducing the foam formation into the mold or Mold after a, substantially thin-walled solidification of Molten metal takes place on the inner wall of the mold.
  • the aforementioned object of the invention is in a generic Device solved in that at least two in a foamable Melting protruding einragende entry pipes for gas side by side with are provided at a distance from each other.
  • the criteria for formation of foam formations can continue be improved if at least one more, evenly spaced, but to the connecting line of the first offset feed tube into the melt is provided protruding.
  • a flowable metal foam consisting of a A plurality of cavities formed by introducing gas in the range of several equally spaced into a foamable melt einragenden Ends of dimensionally equal entry tubes, wherein by a Juxtaposing parts of each growing surface of the Foam bubbles and thereby induced, the size-determining Closure of the same with a further reshaping of cavities a monomodal distribution of the dimension of the cavities in one Foam formation is created, usable.
  • a so-called blowing on a foam formation is schematic shown, wherein gas 5 from a pressure chamber under a nozzle 21st a metallurgical vessel 2 in a foamable melt 4 by Entry pipes 3 is blown, wherein in the area of the projecting Pipe ends 31 gas bubbles 6 are formed.
  • gas 5 from a pressure chamber under a nozzle 21st a metallurgical vessel 2 in a foamable melt 4 by Entry pipes 3 is blown, wherein in the area of the projecting Pipe ends 31 gas bubbles 6 are formed.
  • FIG. 2 From Fig. 2 is a gas bubble enlargement 6 in front of the pipe ends 31 in one foamable melt 4 in a metallurgical vessel 2 removable.
  • Newly formed bubbles 6 grow as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 up to a critical size at which again intermediate walls 7 formed and Ablettekriterien (Fig. 3, Fig. 3a) created substantially abruptly become, under formation of a cavity formation in a melt 4th
  • Such a homogeneous cavity or bubble formation 1 is shown in FIG. 5 shown schematically, this formation 1 depending on the number of Entry tubes 3 can be shaped grape-shaped or bulky, which for a further education and final shaping of bodies meaning.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

Production of a flowable metal foam having a mono-modal distribution of the dimensions of the hollow spaces comprises feeding gas (5) into a metal melt (4) from inlet pipes (3) protruding into a metallurgical vessel (2), and forming bubbles (6) on the ends (31) of the pipes. Independent claim are also included for: (a) device for producing a flowable metal foam having a mono-modal distribution of the dimensions of the hollow space; and (b) flowable metal foam produced.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von fließfähigem Metallschaum mit monomodaler Verteilung der Abmessung der Hohlräume in diesem. Genauer dargelegt befasst sich die Erfindung mit der Erstellung von Metallschäumen mit jeweils im Wesentlichen gleichen Porenvolumen für einen Einsatz in Formkörpern mit besonderem Eigenschaftsprofil. Weiters betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Darstellung eines Metallschaumes in obiger Ausbildungsform, sowie eine Verwendung von Bauteilen, enthaltend eine weitgehend homogene Schaumformation.The invention relates to a process for the preparation of flowable Metal foam with monomodal distribution of the dimension of the cavities in this. More specifically, the invention is concerned with the creation of Metal foams, each with substantially the same pore volume for a Use in moldings with a special property profile. Furthermore, the concerns Invention an apparatus for displaying a metal foam in the above Form of training, as well as a use of components, containing a largely homogeneous foam formation.

Metallschaum, insbesondere Leichtmetallschaum, findet in zunehmendem Maße Verwendung in Formkörpern mit einem besonderen Eigenschaftsspektrum, wobei den unterschiedlichen Anforderungen mit hoher Sicherheit entsprochen werden muss. Mit anderen Worten gesagt: Die Formkörper mit geringem Gewicht sollen bei genau festgelegter mechanischer Beanspruchung hohe Standfestigkeit aufweisen und/oder bei Überlast unter maximaler Energieabsorption deformierbar sein.Metal foam, especially light metal foam, is increasing Dimensions Use in moldings with a special Property spectrum, meeting the different requirements with high Safety must be met. In other words: the Shaped bodies with low weight are said to be precisely defined mechanical Stress high stability and / or overload under maximum energy absorption be deformable.

Es ist bekannt, Gegenstände aus Metallschaum zu fertigen. Beispielsweise wird in der WO 01/62416 A1 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schaumkörpers beschrieben, nach welchem eine Kokille mit Schaum durch Sammlung von einzelnen in der Schmelze aufsteigenden Blasen gefüllt wird. Dieses Verfahren, bei welchem die Gasblasen zumeist mittels eines sogenannten "rotor impellers" eingebracht und vereinzelt werden, hat jedoch die Nachteile, dass einerseits eine langsame Kokillenfüllung erfolgt und daher bei einer gekühlten Kokillenwand der zuletzt gebildete Körperteil eine oft nachteilig dicke Wandschicht aufweist und andererseits die Blasengröße unkontrolliert unterschiedlich ausgebildet ist, wodurch oft die mechanischen Kennwerte eines derart geschaffenen Teiles oder Körpers eine große, meist ungünstige Streubreite aufweisen.It is known to manufacture objects made of metal foam. For example in WO 01/62416 A1 a process for the preparation of a Foam body described, after which a mold with foam Collection of individual melt rising bubbles is filled. This method, in which the gas bubbles mostly by means of a However, so-called "rotor impellers" have been introduced and isolated the disadvantages that on the one hand a slow mold filling takes place and therefore in a cooled mold wall, the most recently formed part of the body is often has disadvantageously thick wall layer and on the other hand, the bubble size Uncontrolled formed differently, which often causes the mechanical Characteristics of such a created part or body a large, mostly have unfavorable spread.

Aus der EP 0666784 B1 ist ein weiteres Verfahren bekannt geworden, bei welchem ein Formgießen des stabilisierten, flüssigen Schaummetalles durch Pressen des stabilisiterten Schaumes in eine Form mit einem Druck erfolgt. Allerdings können damit die Zellen des gebildeten Schaumes nicht auf eine einheitliche Größe gebracht werden.From EP 0666784 B1, a further method has become known, in which is a molding of the stabilized liquid foam metal Pressing the stabilized foam into a mold with a pressure done. However, so that the cells of the foam formed can not on a uniform size be brought.

Die österreichische Patentanmeldung 936/2001 offenbart eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Einbringen von Gas in eine Metallschmelze, bei welchem eine Gleichmäßigkeit des Durchmessers der jeweiligen Einzelblasen und die Größe der Gasblasen gesteuert werden.Austrian patent application 936/2001 discloses an apparatus and a method for introducing gas into a molten metal, in which a uniformity of the diameter of the individual bubbles and the Size of the gas bubbles are controlled.

Eine monomodale Verteilung der Abmessung der Hohlräume eines Formkörpers aus Metallschaum, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben, geht aus der österreichischen Patentanmeldung 935/2001 hervor.A monomodal distribution of the dimensions of the cavities of a Molded metal foam, as well as a method for the production the same, is apparent from the Austrian patent application 935/2001.

Alle dem Stand der Technik zuzuordnenden Herstellverfahren von fließfähigem Metallschaum haben jedoch den Nachteil gemeinsam, dass Einzelblasen sich zumeist erst bei einer Zusammenführung verbinden und oft verdickte Zwickelbereiche ausbilden. Weiters kann gegebenenfalls eine gewünschte Füllgeschwindigkeit einer Form zwecks Erhalt einer gleichmäßig dicken Oberflächenschicht des Körpers oder eine bevorzugte Metallströmung in dieser nicht erreicht werden.All of the prior art attributable manufacturing process of flowable However, metal foam have the common disadvantage that individual bubbles themselves usually only at a merge connect and often thickened Train gusset areas. Furthermore, if desired, a desired Filling speed of a mold to obtain a uniformly thick Surface layer of the body or a preferred metal flow in this can not be reached.

Die bekannten Vorrichtungen erlauben zumeist nicht zusammenhängende Metallschaumblasen mit gleicher Größe derart herzustellen, dass im Hinblick auf ein geringes spezifisches Gewicht bei hohen mechanischen Kennwerten des Teiles die Zwischenwände zwischen den Hohlräumen dünn gestaltet und günstige Stützfunktionen ausüben können.The known devices usually allow non-contiguous Produce metal foam bubbles of the same size such that in terms to a low specific weight with high mechanical characteristics of the part, the intermediate walls between the cavities designed thin and can perform beneficial support functions.

Die Erfindung bezweckt die Vermeidung dieser Nachteile und setzt sich zum Ziel, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, mittels welchem ein fließfähiger Metallschaum mit monomodalen Abmessungen der Hohlräume in einer schäumbaren Schmelze bei der Gaseinleitung entsteht und weiter gebildet wird. The invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and is committed to Aim to provide a method of the type mentioned, by means of which a flowable metal foam with monomodal dimensions of the cavities arises in a foamable melt at the gas inlet and on is formed.

Weiters liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von fließfähigem Schaum für eine Verarbeitung desselben anzugeben.Furthermore, the invention has the object, a generic Device for producing flowable foam for processing indicate the same.

Schließlich bezieht sich die Erfindung auf eine Verwendung von in der Schmelze gebildetem Schaum.Finally, the invention relates to a use of in the Melt formed foam.

Das eingangs genannte Ziel wird bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren dadurch errreicht, dass aus mindestens zwei benachbarten, gleichartig dimensionierten, in ein metallurgisches Gefäß vorspringend einragenden Eintragsrohren in eine schäumbare Metallschmelze Gas eingebracht und in dieser im Bereich der einragenden Rohrenden jeweils Blasen gebildet werden, wobei unter Aneinanderlegen von Bereichen der Blasenoberlächen und unter Ausformung von Partikel enthaltenden Zwischenwänden eine zusammenhängende Schaumformation dargestellt und diese weitergebildet wird.The aforementioned object is in a method according to the invention Reached by at least two adjacent, similar dimensioned, protruding into a metallurgical vessel projecting Entry pipes are introduced into a foamable molten metal gas and in these are formed in the region of the projecting pipe ends in each case bubbles, wherein juxtaposition of areas of the bladder surfaces and under Forming of particle-containing partitions a coherent foam formation represented and further developed becomes.

Die mit der Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind im Wesentlichen im günstigen Schaumaufbau zu sehen, weil schon beim Entstehen der Poren im flüssigen schäumbaren Metall sich in der Folge die Zwischenwände einer Schaumformation bilden, welche Wände sich dabei dünn und geometrisch dem Kraftwirkungen entsprechend ausformen. In Abhängigkeit von den vorgesehenen Porengrößen sind dabei betreffend eine in breiten Grenzen einzuhaltende Einleitmenge von Gas in die Oberflächenspannung die Grenzflächenspannung und der Auftrieb der Blasen für die Ausbildung einer voluminösen Schaumformation, die zu einem Schaumkörper weitergebildet wird, zu berücksichtigen.The advantages achieved with the invention are essentially in the favorable Foam structure to see, because even at the origin of the pores in the liquid Foamable metal in the consequence the intermediate walls of a Form foam formation, which walls are doing thin and geometric the Forming force effects accordingly. Depending on the provided pore sizes are regarding one within wide limits to be observed in the introduction of gas into the surface tension the Surface tension and the buoyancy of the bubbles for the formation of a voluminous foam formation, which developed into a foam body will take into account.

Erfindungsgemäß ist dabei wichtig, dass die Größe der Einzelblasen bzw. Hohlräume in der Schaumformation durch die Wahl des Abstandes der Eintragsrohre voneinander und, wie an sich bekannt, durch die geometrische Ausbildung der in die Metallschmelze einragenden Rohrenden gemäß der österreichischen Patentanmeldung 936/2001 bestimmt wird. Derart können vorteilhafte Bedingungen für eine gleichartige Ausformung der Blasen und eine gewünschte Bildungsgeschwindigkeit der Formation erstellt werden.According to the invention, it is important that the size of the individual bubbles or Cavities in the foam formation by the choice of the distance of the Entry pipes from each other and, as is known, through the geometric Training the projecting into the molten metal pipe ends according to the Austrian Patent Application 936/2001 is determined. You can favorable conditions for a similar formation of the bubbles and a desired formation speed of the formation can be created.

Wenn in günstiger Weise die Schaumformation in eine Form oder Kokille eingebracht und in dieser zu einem austragbaren Formteil erstarren gelassen wird, kann eine dichte, jedoch äußerst geringe Dicke der Teiloberflächenschicht mit einem unmittelbar daran anschließenden Schaumkern erstellt werden.When favorably the foam formation into a mold or mold introduced and allowed to solidify in this to a dischargeable molding can be a dense, but extremely small thickness of the sub-surface layer be created with an immediately adjoining foam core.

Eine vorteilhaft genau zu limitierende Stabilität eines Leichtbauteiles kann erreicht werden, wenn das Einbringen der Schaumformation in die Form oder Kokille nach einer, im Wesentlichen dünnwandigen Erstarrung der Metallschmelze an der Forminnenwand erfolgt.An advantageous exactly limiting stability of a lightweight component can be achieved when introducing the foam formation into the mold or Mold after a, substantially thin-walled solidification of Molten metal takes place on the inner wall of the mold.

Die vorgenannte Aufgabe der Erfindung wird bei einer gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung dadurch gelöst, dass mindestens zwei in eine schäumbare Schmelze vorspringend einragende Eintragsrohre für Gas nebeneinander mit einem Abstand voneinander vorgesehen sind.The aforementioned object of the invention is in a generic Device solved in that at least two in a foamable Melting protruding einragende entry pipes for gas side by side with are provided at a distance from each other.

Die Vorteile einer derartigen Vorrichtung sind im Wesentlichen dadurch begründet, dass gemäß der österreichischen Patentanmeldung 936/2001 am Eintragsrohr gebildete Blasen in zumindest einem Seitenbereich sich aneinander legen und eine Zwischenwand bilden können, wodurch unmittelbar im gegebenen Fall die Ablösekriterien erreicht und eine Folgeblase gebildet werden. Somit wird durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ein günstiges Akkumulieren der Hohlräume im schäumbaren Metall unmittelbar bei deren Entstehung bewirkt und eine vorteilhafte geometrische Ausbildung der Zwischenwände der Schaumformation erreicht.The advantages of such a device are essentially thereby reasons that according to the Austrian patent application 936/2001 on Entry tube formed bubbles in at least one side area itself put together and form an intermediate wall, creating immediate in the given case, the separation criteria reached and formed a subsequent bubble become. Thus, by a device according to the invention a favorable Accumulating the cavities in the foamable metal immediately at their Emergence causes and an advantageous geometric design of the Partitions of the foam formation achieved.

Die Kriterien für eine Bildung von Schaumformationen können weiter verbessert werden, wenn mindestens ein weiteres, gleich beabstandetes, jedoch zur Verbindungslinie der ersten versetztes Eintragsrohr in die Schmelze einragend vorgesehen ist. The criteria for formation of foam formations can continue be improved if at least one more, evenly spaced, but to the connecting line of the first offset feed tube into the melt is provided protruding.

Besondere Vorteile in Hinblick auf eine Erstellung größerer Schaumvolumina der Formationen können nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dadurch erreicht werden, dass eine Vielzahl von in die Schmelze einragenden Eintragsrohre dimensionsgleich ausgebildet und die Rohrenden auf einer Fläche angeordnet sind.Special advantages with regard to creating larger foam volumes The formations can according to an embodiment of the invention thereby be achieved that a variety of projecting into the melt Inlet pipes have the same dimensions and the pipe ends on a Surface are arranged.

Zur Bereitstellung und Ausformung von Bauteilen mit geringem Gewicht und/oder mit hoher Energieaufnahme bei der Verformung ist gemäß der Erfindung mit Vorteil ein fließfähiger Metallschaum, bestehend aus einer Mehrzahl von Hohlräumen, gebildet durch ein Einleiten von Gas im Bereich von mehreren gleich beabstandeten in eine schäumbare Schmelze einragenden Enden von dimensionsgleichen Eintragsrohren, wobei durch ein Aneinanderlegen von Teilen der jeweils wachsenden Oberflächen der Schaumblasen und einen dadurch induzierten, die Größe bestimmenden Verschluss derselben mit einer jeweils weiteren Neuformung von Hohlräumen eine monomodale Verteilung der Abmessung der Hohlräume in einer Schaumformation geschaffen wird, verwendbar.For providing and forming components with low weight and / or with high energy absorption in the deformation is according to the Invention with advantage a flowable metal foam, consisting of a A plurality of cavities formed by introducing gas in the range of several equally spaced into a foamable melt einragenden Ends of dimensionally equal entry tubes, wherein by a Juxtaposing parts of each growing surface of the Foam bubbles and thereby induced, the size-determining Closure of the same with a further reshaping of cavities a monomodal distribution of the dimension of the cavities in one Foam formation is created, usable.

Im Besonderen ist eine Verwendung einer Schaumformation für eine Herstellung von Leichtmetallteilen im Automobilbau oder für die Luft- und Raumfahrt der präzisen Einstellbarkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Teile wegen günstig.In particular, a use of a foam formation for a Production of light metal parts in the automotive industry or for the air and Space of the precise adjustability of the mechanical properties of the Parts because of cheap.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Prinzipdarstellungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
Ansatz von Blasen an Eintragsrohren in einer schäumbaren Metallschmelze
Fig. 2
Blasenvergrößerung
Fig. 3
Ausbildung von Zwischenwänden
Fig. 3a
Detail
Fig. 4
Neuformierung von Blasen im Verband
Fig. 5
Schaumformation
In the following the invention will be explained in more detail by means of schematic diagrams. Show it
Fig. 1
Application of bubbles to feed pipes in a foamable molten metal
Fig. 2
bladder augmentation
Fig. 3
Training of partitions
Fig. 3a
detail
Fig. 4
Reformation of bubbles in the dressing
Fig. 5
foam formation

In Fig. 1 ist ein sogenanntes Anblasen einer Schaumformation schematisch gezeigt, wobei Gas 5 aus einer Druckkammer unter einem Düsenstock 21 eines metallurgischen Gefäßes 2 in eine schäumbare Schmelze 4 durch Eintragsrohre 3 eingeblasen wird, wobei im Bereich der einragenden Rohrenden 31 Gasblasen 6 gebildet werden. Durch einen gleich hohen Gasdruck und gleiche Eintragsrohr- und Rohrendendimensionen werden den physikalischen Gesetzen entsprechend gleich große Blasen 6 gebildet, wobei aber gegebenenfalls durch unterschiedliche Einblasbedingungen die jeweilige Blasengröße bestimmbar ist.In Fig. 1, a so-called blowing on a foam formation is schematic shown, wherein gas 5 from a pressure chamber under a nozzle 21st a metallurgical vessel 2 in a foamable melt 4 by Entry pipes 3 is blown, wherein in the area of the projecting Pipe ends 31 gas bubbles 6 are formed. By a same high Gas pressure and same entry pipe and Rohrendendimensionen be the according to physical laws corresponding equal size bubbles 6 formed, wherein but possibly by different injection conditions the respective Bubble size is determinable.

Aus Fig. 2 ist eine Gasblasenvergrößerung 6 vor den Rohrenden 31 in einer schäumbaren Schmelze 4 in einem metallurgischen Gefäß 2 entnehmbar.From Fig. 2 is a gas bubble enlargement 6 in front of the pipe ends 31 in one foamable melt 4 in a metallurgical vessel 2 removable.

Wenn nun Blasen 6, welche an den Enden 31 von Eintragsrohren 3 anhaften, jeweils eine vom Abstand A der Einblasrohre bestimmte Größe erreicht haben, und deren Oberfläche 61 sich an jene einer Nachbarblase anlegt, so entsteht meist unmittelbar eine Zwischenwand 7, wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt wird. Durch eine Änderung der lokalen Oberflächenspannungen im Bereich der Rohrenden 31, infolge der sich im Wesentlichen schlagartig vergrößernden, Zwischenwänden 7 zwischen den Gasblasen 6 in einer Partikel enthaltenden schäumbaren Metallschmelze 4 erfolgt, wie in Fig. 3a dargestellt, eine durch einen Wnkel α gekennzeichnete unmittelbare Herbeiführung von Ablösekriterien einer Blasenreihe.If now bubbles 6, which adhere to the ends 31 of feed pipes 3, have each reached a certain of the distance A of the injection pipes size, and whose surface 61 abuts those of a neighboring bubble, so arises usually directly an intermediate wall 7, as shown in Fig. 3. By a Change of the local surface tensions in the area of the pipe ends 31, due to the substantially abruptly increasing, intermediate walls 7 between the gas bubbles 6 in a particle containing foamable Molten metal 4 is, as shown in Fig. 3a, a by a Wnkel α characterized immediate induction of stripping criteria Bubble series.

Weil nun, wie aus Fig. 4 schematisch ersichtlich, eine Gaseinbringung in eine Metallschmelze weiter geführt wird, erfolgen an den Rohrenden 31,31',31",31"' eine Neubildung von Gasblasen 6. Aufgrund der Oberflächenspannungen der Gasblasen 6 und der Tendenz zur Ausbildung einer Packung mit entsprechenden Oberflächengrenzwinkeln der Hohlräume erfolgt zumeist eine laterale Verschiebung einer Reihe von im Wesentlichen gleich großen Blasen 6 und eine Neubildung von solchen in den Zwickeln der Zwischenwände 7 einer Hohlraumreihe.Because now, as shown schematically in Fig. 4, a gas introduction into a Metal melt is continued to take place at the pipe ends 31,31 ', 31 ", 31"' a new formation of gas bubbles 6. Due to the surface tensions of the Gas bubbles 6 and the tendency to form a pack with corresponding surface boundary angles of the cavities is usually a lateral displacement of a series of substantially equal sized bubbles 6 and a new formation of such in the interstices of the intermediate walls 7 a Cavity row.

Neugebildete Blasen 6 wachsen, wie in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 dargestellt, bis zu einer kritischen Größe, bei welcher wieder Zwischenwände 7 gebildet und Ablösekriterien (Fig. 3, Fig. 3a) im Wesentlichen schlagartig geschaffen werden, unter Ausformung einer Hohlraumformation in einer Schmelze 4.Newly formed bubbles 6 grow as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 up to a critical size at which again intermediate walls 7 formed and Ablösekriterien (Fig. 3, Fig. 3a) created substantially abruptly become, under formation of a cavity formation in a melt 4th

Eine derartige homogene Hohlraum- oder Blasenformation 1 ist in Fig. 5 schematisch gezeigt, wobei diese Formation 1 je nach Anzahl von Eintragsrohren 3 traubenförmig oder großvolumig geformt werden kann, was für eine Weiterbildung und Endformgebung von Körpern Bedeutung hat.Such a homogeneous cavity or bubble formation 1 is shown in FIG. 5 shown schematically, this formation 1 depending on the number of Entry tubes 3 can be shaped grape-shaped or bulky, which for a further education and final shaping of bodies meaning.

Als günstig für eine stabile gleichartige Ausformung einer Schaumformation 1, die durch Auftrieb selbst oder durch eine Änderung der Gaszufuhrkriterien von den Rohrenden 31 abgelöst werden kann, ist gegeben, wenn diese Enden 31 mehrreihig, vorzugsweise dreireihig, gleich einragend in die Schmelze positioniert sind, wobei jedoch jede Folgereihe um den halben Abstand A der Enden lateral versetzt ist.As favorable for a stable similar formation of a foam formation 1, by buoyancy itself or by a change in the gas supply criteria of the pipe ends 31 can be detached is given when these ends 31 multi-row, preferably three-row, equal protruding into the melt are positioned, but each successive series by half the distance A of the Ends laterally offset.

Durch die archimedische Gesetzmäßigkeit ist in einfacher Weise ein Einbringen von Schaumformationen 1 in Formen möglich, wobei eine monomodale Verteilung der Abmessungen der Hohlräume 6 bei günstiger Ausformung der Zwischenwände 7 erfindungsgemäß erfolgen.By the Archimedean lawfulness is in a simple way an introduction of foam formations 1 in forms possible, where a monomodal Distribution of the dimensions of the cavities 6 at a favorable shape of the Partitions 7 made according to the invention.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von fließfähigem Metallschaum mit einer monomodalen Verteilung der Abmessungen der Hohlräume, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus mindestens zwei benachbarten, gleichartig dimensionierten, in ein metallurgisches Gefäß (2) vorspringend einragenden Eintragsrohren (3,3',3",3"') in eine schäumbare Metallschmelze (4) Gas (5) eingebracht und in dieser im Bereich der einragenden Rohrenden (31) jeweils Blasen (6) gebildet werden, wobei unter Aneinanderlegen von Bereichen der Blasenoberflächen (61) und unter Ausformung von Partikel enthaltenden Zwischenwänden (7) eine zusammenhängende Schaumformation (1) dargestellt und diese weitergebildet wird.Process for producing flowable metal foam having a monomodal distribution of the dimensions of the cavities, characterized in that at least two adjacent, similarly dimensioned, projecting into a metallurgical vessel (2) entry tubes (3,3 ', 3 ", 3"') in a foamable molten metal (4) gas (5) introduced and in this in the region of the projecting tube ends (31) each bladder (6) are formed, wherein juxtaposition of areas of the bladder surfaces (61) and forming particles containing intermediate walls (7 ) a coherent foam formation (1) is shown and this is developed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Größe der Einzelblasen (6) bzw. Hohlräume in der Schaumformation (1) durch die Wahl des Abstandes (A) der Eintragsrohre (3) voneinander und, wie an sich bekannt, durch die geometrische Ausbildung der in die Metallschmelze einragenden Rohrenden (31) gemäß AT 936/2001 bestimmt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the individual bubbles (6) or cavities in the foam formation (1) by the choice of the distance (A) of the entry pipes (3) from each other and, as is known, by the geometric design the projecting into the molten metal pipe ends (31) according to AT 936/2001 is determined. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaumformation (1) in eine Form oder Kokille eingebracht und in dieser zu einem austragbaren Formteil erstarren gelassen wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the foam formation (1) is introduced into a mold or mold and allowed to solidify in this to a dischargeable molding. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einbringen der Schaumformation (1) in die Form oder Kokille nach einer, im Wesentlichen dünnwandigen Erstarrung der Metallschmelze (4) an der Forminnenwand erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the introduction of the foam formation (1) into the mold or mold after a, substantially thin-walled solidification of the molten metal (4) takes place on the mold inner wall. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von fließfähigem Metallschaum mit einer monomodalen Verteilung der Abmessungen der Hohlräume, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens zwei in eine schäumbare Schmelze (4) vorspringend einragende Eintragsrohre (3) für Gas (5) nebeneinander mit einem Abstand (A) voneinander vorgesehen sind.Device for the production of flowable metal foam with a monomodal distribution of the dimensions of the cavities, characterized in that at least two in a foamable melt (4) protruding projecting entry tubes (3) for gas (5) side by side with a distance (A) are provided. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein weiteres, gleich beabstandetes, jedoch zur Verbindungslinie der ersten versetztes Eintragsrohr (3) in die Schmelze einragend vorgesehen ist.Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one further, equally spaced, but provided to the connecting line of the first offset feed pipe (3) projecting into the melt. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in die Schmelze einragenden Eintragsrohre (3) dimensionsgleich ausgebildet und die Rohrenden (31) auf einer Fläche angeordnet sind.Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the projecting into the melt entry pipes (3) are formed with the same dimension and the pipe ends (31) are arranged on a surface. Fließfähiger Metallschaum, bestehend aus einer Mehrzahl von Hohlräumen, gebildet durch ein Einleiten von Gas im Bereich von mehreren gleich beabstandeten, in eine schäumbare Schmelze einragenden Enden von dimensionsgleichen Eintragsrohren, wobei durch ein Aneinanderlegen von Teilen der jeweils wachsenden Oberflächen der Schaumblasen und einen dadurch induzierten, die Größe bestimmenden Verschluss derselben mit einer jeweils weiteren Neuformung von Hohlräumen eine monomodale Verteilung der Abmessung der Hohlräume in einer Schaumformation geschaffen wird, die zur Bereitstellung und Ausformung von Bauteilen mit geringem Gewicht und/oder mit hoher Engerieaufnahme bei einer Verformung verwendbar ist.Flowable metal foam, consisting of a plurality of cavities, formed by introducing gas in the range of several equal spaced, projecting into a foamable melt ends of dimensioned entry pipes, whereby by a juxtaposition of parts the respectively growing surfaces of the foam bubbles and thereby induced, the size-determining closure of the same with one each further reshaping of cavities a monomodal distribution of Dimension of the cavities is created in a foam formation, the Provision and shaping of lightweight components and / or with high Engerieaufnahme is usable at a deformation. Verwendung einer Schaumformation gemäß Anspruch 8 für eine Herstellung von Leichtmetallteilen, vorzugsweise im Automobilbau.Use of a foam formation according to claim 8 for a preparation of light metal parts, preferably in the automotive industry. Verwendung einer Schaumformation gemäß Anspruch 8 für eine Herstellung von Leichtmetallkomponenten, vorzugsweise für die Luft- und Raumfahrt.Use of a foam formation according to claim 8 for a preparation of light metal components, preferably for aerospace applications.
EP20030450197 2002-09-09 2003-09-04 Method and device for producing flowable metal foam Expired - Lifetime EP1419835B1 (en)

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US6896029B2 (en) 2005-05-24
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US7959852B2 (en) 2011-06-14
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CA2440488C (en) 2009-04-14

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