Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/40—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/2875—Partial esters used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/081—Biodegradable compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
  • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to compositions comprising mixtures of carboxylic acid esterified open-chain and cyclic molecules of the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, processes for the preparation of these compositions and the use of this composition as a lubricant or hydraulic oil.
• lubricants are used in the Federal Republic of Germany. Around 200,000 t of these are so-called process or process oils.
• lubricants is used to summarize related products that consist predominantly of mineral oil or are fully or partially synthetic and are used for lubrication, but also as power and heat transfer media, dielectrics and process oils. The latter are primarily mineral oil products , which are used in various branches of industry as process aids, for example as indifferent solvents, swelling and separating agents, for the absorption of gases or for binding dust.
• process aids for example as indifferent solvents, swelling and separating agents, for the absorption of gases or for binding dust.
• hydraulic fluids in Germany have a market volume of around 160,000 t, whereby about 40% are mobile applications and about 60% are stationary applications.
• Crude oil distillate fractions can be used to produce aging-resistant base oils, commonly referred to as base or base liquids, which can be refined to meet the respective requirements.
• base or base liquids which can be refined to meet the respective requirements.
• Many properties of modern lubricating oils are achieved by adding active ingredients, the so-called additives, without which today's requirements for engine and transmission oils, for example, could no longer be met.
• Lubricants therefore contain an average of around 95% base liquid and around 5% chemical additives.
• synthesis esters branched alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol are used as typical polyol components used (Bongardt, Fat. Sei. Technol., 92 (1990), 473-478), which are converted to saturated esters.
• synthesis esters branched alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol are used as typical polyol components used (Bongardt, Fat. Sei. Technol., 92 (1990), 473-478), which are converted to saturated esters.
• lubricants made from mineral oils such vegetable oils are generally more environmentally compatible and more readily biodegradable.
• Biodegradable, non-toxic lubricating oil formulations are known from EP 0 879 872 A1, which consist of an ester of a sugar and a fatty acid.
• the polyol constituent of the polyester can comprise a sugar, sugar alcohol or a mixture thereof, wherein the polyol constituent can both be partially esterified or can be present with a high degree of esterification.
• the non-toxic lubricating oil formulation described is intended to be used in particular in units which are used in the agricultural and food industry or in the cosmetics or pharmaceutical industry.
• EP 0 572 198 AI describes lubricating oil compositions which are also used for machines Food production can be used.
• the compositions comprise a mixture of a first ester of a medium length saturated fatty acid with glycerin (component A) and a second ester of a carboxylic acid with sucrose.
• DE 42 29 383 C2 describes an edible lubricant with the addition of esters of fatty acids and higher alcohols which improve the lubricating action.
• the additives for improving the lubricating effect consist of at least two esters of edible alcohols with at least two alcohol groups. Examples of alcohols which can be used are glycerol, pentaerythritol, arabitol, mannitol and sorbitol.
• synthesis esters known in the prior art which are obtainable on the basis of low molecular weight sugar or sugar derivatives, have some disadvantages, so that they cannot be used on a larger scale as a lubricant base fluid or as a hydraulic fluid. In some cases, they do not have the properties required for use in this area, such as viscosity-temperature behavior, viscosity-pressure behavior, aging and oxidation resistance, hydrolysis resistance, compressibility, elastomer compatibility, compatibility with the materials used in corresponding units, foam behavior , Air separation capacity, cold properties, coefficient of friction, wear protection in the four-ball apparatus (VKA) according to DIN 58524 etc. In some cases, their production is too expensive, which is due to their specific applications the use of special raw materials can be attributed. In addition, some of these synthesis esters cannot be degraded completely or without residue by natural systems or only with difficulty.
• the technical problem underlying the present invention is therefore to provide novel synthesis esters completely based on renewable raw materials, which can be obtained in particular using low molecular weight sugars and fatty acids which can be isolated from vegetable sources, as the base liquid for lubricants and hydraulic fluids and processes for their production , whereby the synthesis esters on the one hand have the required application properties, such as oxidation resistance, thermal resistance and viscosity-cold behavior, and on the other hand, due to their natural origin, are biodegradable quickly and without residues and are therefore highly tolerable and also inexpensive can be produced.
• the present invention solves this technical problem by providing a composition comprising a mixture of D-sorbitol, D-mannitol and cyclic derivatives of these sugar alcohols, these components being esterified with at least one carboxylic acid which is suitable for use as a base liquid for lubricants or Hydraulic fluids is suitable. That is, the present invention provides a mixture of esterified open chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol Molecules ready that can be used in the lubricant sector.
• the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol have several advantages over other sugars or sugar alcohols, which predestine them as starting material for the production of n-alkyl esters. Both sugar alcohols have very good hydrolytic and thermal stability. D-Sorbitol and D-Mannitol can be produced on an industrial scale easily and extremely inexpensively from renewable vegetable raw materials. D-sorbitol can be produced, for example, by catalytic hydrogenation from glucose, hydrolyzed starch or hydrolyzed sucrose. The use of sucrose as a starting material, whereby acid hydrolysis with the formation of invert sugar is carried out first, leads not only to sorbitol after hydrogenation, but also to D-mannitol.
• Fatty acid esters of sorbitol and sorbitan are already widely used as emulsifiers or stabilizers. They are neither toxic nor aggressive (Maag, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61 (1984), 259-267; Khan, Adv. Carbohyd. Chem. Biochem., 33 (1976), 235-294). Sorbitan's mono-, di- and triesters, the so-called “spans”, together with their ethoxylated derivatives, the so-called “tweens”, already have a permanent place in food, pharmaceuticals and numerous technical applications (Kosswig, in: Ullmanns Enzykl. Techn.
• esters of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol are also well suited for use in the lubricant sector, especially as a base liquid.
• Partially dehydrated derivatives of the two sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol are particularly suitable as starting components for the ester synthesis because they have excellent chemical, thermal and hydrolytic stability properties.
• the intramolecular dehydration of the sugar alcohols leads to cyclic compounds which can be used as polyols for the production of esters.
• By intramolecular dehydration of the two sugar alcohols in particular the degree of branching of the polyol esters can be controlled and thus their property potential, for example the viscosity behavior which is decisive for the use as a lubricant or hydraulic fluid, can be influenced.
• the stereochemistry of the compounds also plays a crucial role here.
• the product mixtures obtained which contain completely esterified open-chain and cyclic molecules of the two sugar alcohols, have excellent lubricant and hydraulic fluid properties, for example viscosity-temperature behavior, which is outstandingly suitable for this area of application, very good cold flow behavior and very good cold stability , a very good wear behavior, that means load carrying capacity, a very good resistance to oxidative aging, a very good foam behavior, a very good air separation capacity and an advantageous viscosity position.
• the properties of the product mixture obtained depend, on the one hand, on the structure of the individual open-chain and cyclic products and, on the other hand, that synergisms occur within the product mixture, in particular with regard to the properties required for lubricant use, such as viscosity, cold properties and oxidation stability, are extremely positive.
• suitable for use as a lubricant means that a substance or mixture of substances can reduce the friction and stress of machine parts moving against or against one another. As a result, such substances reduce energy consumption and material wear and also act as a coolant "Suitable for use as hydraulic fluid” means a substance or Mixture of substances has properties which enable the use of the substance or mixture of substances in hydrostatic or hydrokinetic (hydrodynamic) systems as an energy transfer liquid.
• “for use as a lubricant or as a hydraulic fluid” means in particular that such substances or mixtures of substances are suitable for use as a base fluid for lubricants or hydraulic oils and includes the addition of further conventionally used additives for lubricants or hydraulic oils, such as phenolic and / or aminic antioxidants, phosphorus / Sulfur extreme pressure / Antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors and the like - not enough.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention therefore relates to a composition
• a composition comprising a mixture of D-sorbitol, D-mannitol and cyclic derivatives thereof, these constituents being esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, as the base liquid for lubricants or as the base liquid for hydraulic oils, the
• the composition additionally contains additives typical of lubricants or typical hydraulic oils, selected from the group consisting of phenolic and / or amine antioxidants, phosphorus / sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors and foam inhibitors.
• a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition which, in addition to esterified open-chain molecules of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, also contains esterified cyclic D-sorbitol. and D-mannitol derivatives, the cyclic derivatives of the two sugar alcohols being in particular mono- and dianhydrohexites.
• compositions which contain completely or almost completely esterified open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules have particularly advantageous properties for the lubricant sector.
• Compositions in which the free hydroxyl groups of the polyol constituents used are only partially esterified with carboxylic acids additionally have an emulsifying effect.
• an emulsifying effect leads to undesirable effects, for example foaming, in technical uses of the product mixture.
• compositions according to the invention which comprise open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, at least two of the free, available hydroxyl groups with a carboxylic acid for each individual molecule are esterified.
• esterified with at least one carboxylic acid means that the free hydroxyl groups of a single polyol molecule, regardless of whether it is an open-chain or a cyclic molecule of D-sorbitol or D-mannitol, with different carboxylic acid
• Residues can be esterified.
• a composition in which in each individual D-sorbitol or D-mannitol molecule all or almost all free hydroxyl groups are esterified with a carboxylic acid.
• the composition according to the invention which comprises a mixture of open and cyclic molecules of the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, is therefore preferably completely esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, since the composition thereby has properties which are necessary for the use of the composition are essential as a base fluid for lubricants or hydraulic fluids.
• the cyclic and open-chain D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules used according to the invention are esterified with aliphatic alkyl carboxylic acids and / or their derivatives.
• One embodiment of the invention therefore relates to a composition in which the acid component of the polyol mixture according to the invention is an unsaturated or saturated, branched or unbranched carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof.
• this can be a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof.
• the reaction can be carried out in particular with di- and tricarboxylic acids, which are esterified again with fatty alcohols in a further step in order to maintain the low acid numbers, i.e. the carboxylic acid derivative is an ester of a di- or tricarboxylic acid a fatty alcohol.
• the esterification of the polyol constituents of the additives according to the invention composition especially fatty acids, which can be obtained from renewable domestic vegetable raw materials, as well as their technical fatty acid cuts.
• the use of fatty acids obtained from domestic renewable raw materials as the alkyl constituent of the composition according to the invention takes place in particular from the point of view of resource conservation and the biodegradability of the esterified polyol products.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition in which the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules are esterified with monocarboxylic acids.
• the chain length of the alkyl component has a significant influence on the properties of the resulting esterified product, for example the high-temperature and viscosity-cold behavior. It is therefore provided according to the invention that the polyol constituents of the composition according to the invention are preferably esterified with C 2 -C 24 monocarboxylic acids, particularly preferably with C 4 -C 18 monocarboxylic acids.
• a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to a composition in which the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules with vinegar, butter, isobutane, valerian, isovalerian, capron, enantin -, Capryl-, 2-Ethylcapron-, Pelargon-, Caprin-, Laurin-, Myristin-, Myristolein-, Palmitin-, Palmitolein-, Stearin-, ⁇ l-, Elaidin-, Rizinus-, Linol-, Lino- lin-, electostearin-, arachidine-, behen- or eruca- acid or mixtures thereof are esterified. It is preferably a naturally occurring vegetable fatty acid.
• the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol are molecules with dicarboxylic acids, in particular C 2 -C 24 -dicarboxylic acids, C 4 preferably - Ci s esterified dicarboxylic acids.
• it is oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric, adipic, pimeline, maleic, fumaric or sorbic acid.
• the open-chain and cyclic sugar alcohol molecules are esterified with tricarboxylic acids, for example citric acid.
• derivatives of carboxylic acids such as anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alkyl esters and in particular carboxylic acid chlorides
• Anhydrides are the products of an acid, for example a carboxylic acid, which can be obtained, for example, by dehydration.
• Mixed anhydrides can be obtained when water escapes from two different acids.
• Alkyl esters can be prepared by reacting carboxylic acids with alcohols catalyzed by acids such as sulfuric acid etc.
• a further preferred embodiment of the invention therefore relates to compositions in which the open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules with carboxylic acid derivatives, for example anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alkyl esters and / or in particular carboxylic acid chlorides, are esterified.
• carboxylic acid derivatives for example anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alkyl esters and / or in particular carboxylic acid chlorides
• the sugar alcohol molecules can also be esterified with isomers of carboxylic acids, such as cis / trans isomers, within the skeleton or at geometric positions.
• Isomers are compounds with the same gross but different structural formulas.
• Cis / trans isomers are stereoisomers which are characterized by a different atomic arrangement in the three-dimensional space, in particular by the different arrangement of the substituents. Stereoisomers therefore differ in configuration and / or conformation.
• the proportion of the esterified open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol derivatives in the total composition is in particular 95% to 5% and the proportion of the esterified open-chain and cyclic D-mannitol derivatives is accordingly 5% to 95%.
• the proportion of the esterified D-sorbitol derivatives in the total composition is preferably 92% to 50% and the proportion of the esterified D-mannitol derivatives is 8% to 50%.
• the proportion of the esterified D-sorbitol derivatives in the total composition is particularly preferably 90% to 70% and the proportion of the esterified D-mannitol derivatives is 10% to 30%.
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to an inventive composition
• an inventive composition comprising a mixture of open-chain and cyclic D-sorbitol and D-mannitol molecules esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, and additionally at least one further open-chain and / or cyclic carbohydrate, polyol, a derivative thereof or a mixture contains thereof, which is esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, a derivative thereof or a mixture thereof.
• the performance properties of the composition according to the invention in particular with regard to the viscosity-temperature behavior, viscosity-pressure behavior, aging and oxidation resistance, resistance to hydrolysis, compressibility, elastomer compatibility, compatibility with the materials used in the corresponding units, foam behavior, air separation capacity, cold properties, coefficient of friction, wear protection in the four-ball device (VKA) according to DIN 58524 etc. are adapted and modified in accordance with the respective specific requirements.
• the carbohydrate and / or polyol is selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide such as glucose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, sorbose and galactose, a disaccharide such as sucrose, Maltose, trehalose, lactose, isomaltulose and trehalulose, a trisaccharide such as raffinose, a sugar alcohol such as erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, arabitol, 6-0- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1, 6-GPS), 1-0- ⁇ -D- glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1,1-GPS) and 1-0- ⁇ -D- Glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol
• the esterified open-chain and cyclic derivatives of the further carbohydrates or polyols are esterified with the same carboxylic acids as the D-sorbitol and D-mannitol derivatives. They are therefore preferably esterified with aliphatic n-alkyl carboxylic acids and / or their derivatives, ie with unsaturated or saturated, branched or unbranched carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof.
• the further carbohydrate and / or polyol derivatives are esterified with monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof.
• the reaction can be carried out in particular with a di- and tricarboxylic acid, which are esterified again with fatty alcohols in a further step in order to maintain the low acid numbers. That is, an ester of a di- or tricarboxylic acid with a fatty alcohol can be used for the reaction.
• esterification of these further constituents of the composition according to the invention in particular uses fatty acids which can be obtained from renewable domestic vegetable raw materials and their technical fatty acid cuts.
• the proportion of the further esterified carbohydrate and / or sugar alcohol derivatives in the total Composition is 0.5% to 50%, preferably 1 to 40%.
• the present invention also relates to a method for producing a composition
• a composition comprising a mixture of open-chain and cyclic molecules of the sugar alcohols D-sorbitol and D-mannitol esterified with at least one carboxylic acid
• D-sorbitol The cyclization of D-sorbitol is known in the art. Lewis (Surfactant Sei. Ser., 72 (1998), 219-223), by isolating and characterizing the products, has shown that D-sorbitol via dehydration into a substituted furan ring, the 1,4-sorbitan or monoanhydrosorbitol (MAS) , and with further elimination of water into a bicyclic structure, the isosorbitol or 1, 4: 3, 6-dianhydrosorbitol (DAS) can be converted.
• Lewis Sud (Surfactant Sei. Ser., 72 (1998), 219-223), by isolating and characterizing the products, has shown that D-sorbitol via dehydration into a substituted furan ring, the 1,4-sorbitan or monoanhydrosorbitol (MAS) , and with further elimination of water into a bicyclic structure, the isosorbitol or 1, 4: 3, 6-dianhydrosorbitol
• D-mannitol can also be converted into monoanhydromannite (MAM) and dianhydromannite (DAM) (Reiff, in: Ullmanns Enzyk. Techn.
• a mixture of open-chain sugar alcohol molecules that is to say D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, and cyclic sugar alcohol are first in the first stage, preferably in the presence of a catalyst -Molecules, i.e. anhydro- and dianhydohexite.
• the esterification or transesterification of this mixture is then carried out in the second stage, for example using the same catalyst or using a second catalyst, using suitable reagents with saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched carboxylic acids, derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof.
• monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives thereof or a mixture thereof can be used for the esterification.
• C 2 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids such as vinegar, butter, isobutane, Valerian, Isovalerian, capron, enantine, caprylic, 2-ethylcapron, pelargonium, caprin , Lauric, myristic, myristoleic, palmitin, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, rhizine, linoleic, linolenic, eleostearic, arachidic, behenic or erucic acid.
• C 2 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids such as vinegar, butter, isobutane, Valerian, Isovalerian, capron, enantine, caprylic, 2-ethylcapron, pelargonium, caprin , Lauric, myristic, myristoleic, palmitin, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, elai
• carboxylic acid derivatives such as anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, alkyl esters, in particular carboxylic acid chlorides, or isomers such as cis / trans isomers can also be used for the esterification within the framework or at a geometric position.
• this esterification or transesterification is carried out in such a way that at least two hydroxyl groups are esterified for each open-chain or cyclic sugar alcohol molecule.
• all free hydroxyl groups of each open-chain and cyclic sugar alcohol molecule are particularly preferably esterified.
• the degree of esterification of the molecules can be controlled by selecting suitable reaction conditions.
• the desired esterified products can be produced batchwise or continuously, that is to say that the cyclization and esterification of the sugar alcohols can be carried out either continuously or batchwise. Both reaction steps can be carried out in known organic solvents such as toluene, DMSO, pyridine, DMF etc. or else in the presence of one or more suitable catalysts in a solvent-free manner.
• transition metal compounds of Sn, Ti, Zn / Cu etc., in particular salts, oxides, alkyls etc. thereof are found as catalysts or catalyst mixtures, mineral acids such as HC1, H 2 S0 4 and H 3 P0 4 , organic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and sulfosuccinic acid, as well as acidic ion exchangers, alkali salts such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium or potassium carbonate, sodium or potassium ethanolate, sodium or potassium methoxide, zeolites or a mixture thereof.
• mineral acids such as HC1, H 2 S0 4 and H 3 P0 4
• organic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and sulfosuccinic acid
• alkali salts such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium or potassium carbonate, sodium or potassium ethanolate, sodium or potassium methoxide,
• This combination of catalysts proves to be extremely effective in the synthesis of the desired products.
• the acceptable color of the products obtained was particularly advantageous, so that no or only a few further purification steps had to be carried out.
• caprylic anhydride as esterification
• This preferred catalyst combination according to the invention leads to a practically complete reaction.
• complete esterification with caprylic acid as the esterification reagent is also possible.
• Another preferred catalyst combination according to the invention comprises p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst for cyclization and dibutyltin oxide as a catalyst for esterification.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the cyclization reaction is carried out at a temperature of 80 ° C. to 190 ° C., particularly preferably at 100 ° C. to 170 ° C.
• the esterification reaction takes place in particular at a temperature of 120 ° C. to 280 ° C., preferably at a temperature of 160 ° C. to 250 ° C.
• the water formed during the reaction is continuously removed.
• the water resulting from the reaction has a particularly unfavorable effect on the position of the equilibrium in the subsequent esterification and is therefore preferably removed.
• the water formed during the cyclization can be removed as steam with the aid of a nitrogen stream passed through the flask towards the end of the reaction.
• the water formed during the cyclization and / or esterification is preferably removed by means of rectification or azeotrope rectification.
• the preferred reaction conditions for the cyclization according to the invention include the following parameters: the use of a stirred reactor, nitrogen being able to be passed through the reactor or not, the removal of the water formed in the reaction by distillation, in particular by means of rectification and azeotrope rectification, the Carrying out the cyclization in a solvent, particularly preferably without solvent, preferably at a temperature of 70 ° C. to 180 ° C., particularly preferably at 100 ° C. to 160 ° C., a reaction time of 0.2 to 6 hours, preferably 0, 5 to 3 hours, and carrying out the reaction in the presence of a catalyst, the amount of the catalyst used based on the sugar starting materials being 0.05 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight.
• reaction conditions preferred according to the invention for the esterification in discontinuous operation include the following parameters: use of a stirred reactor, the esterification according to the invention also being able to be carried out in two to five stages in a cascade of stirred tanks, removal of water during the reaction by rectification / distillation or azeotropic recycle - Tification, carrying out the reaction in an organic solvent, for example toluene, DMF or ether, or without solvent, a reaction time of 2 to 36 hours, preferably 8 to 26 hours, and carrying out the esterification in the presence of a catalyst, the amount of catalyst , based on the total, at 0.05 - 10 % By weight, preferably 0.1-5% by weight.
• the starting substances polyol and acid, based on the monomer units, are preferably in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1:10, particularly preferably in a ratio of 1: 1.5 to 1: 7.
• the esterification in discontinuous operation is carried out in a vacuum at 1013 to 5 mbar, preferably at 300 to 10 mbar.
• the reaction conditions preferred according to the invention for the esterification in continuous operation include the use of a bubble tray column with sections for the rectification / distillation and for the reaction, the countercurrent principle being used according to the invention.
• the sugar alcohol solution preferably a 30% to 90% aqueous solution
• the sugar alcohol solution is continuously applied to an overhead tray or a solution of an already cyclized polyol or a mixture of the aforementioned components and / or a solution from one already partially esterified polyol.
• an amount of catalyst based on the total mass, of 0.05 to 10% by weight, preferably of 0.1 to 5% by weight, is used. In the case of homogeneous catalysts, these are continuously added to the uppermost tray or added to the feed stream.
• Solid catalysts are distributed on the bell bottoms.
• the acid components or mixtures thereof are added to the bottom floor as superheated steam.
• the product is taken off in the bottom of the column, while the water at the top of the column is removed.
• Acid-entrained acid components are returned to the column from a phase separator.
• the temperatures for carrying out the esterification in the continuous mode of operation are preferably from 120 ° C. to 280 ° C., preferably from 160 ° C. to 250 ° C.
• the reaction or residence times are 1 to 24 hours, preferably 4 to 10 hours.
• the ratio of polyol and acid components is 1: 1 to 1:10, preferably 1: 1.5 to 1: 7.
• the pre-reaction takes place until homogenization in a stirred tank and then the virtually complete esterification in the column.
• the present invention also relates to the use of the compositions according to the invention which contain a mixture of open-chain and cyclic derivatives of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol which are esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, at least one derivative thereof or a mixture thereof, the compositions optionally contain further esterified open-chain and / or cyclic carbohydrate or polyol derivatives or mixtures thereof, which are also esterified with at least one carboxylic acid, at least one derivative thereof or a mixture thereof.
• compositions which can be produced by one of the methods according to the invention, can be used as a lubricant and functional fluid, in particular as a fluid for lubricating internal combustion engines, mechanical power transmissions such as gears in motor vehicles and stationary applications.
• fertilizers, gas compressors, refrigeration machines, turbines, and chains such as saw chains as oil for the lubrication of moving parts in industrial machines and of molds and formwork in the manufacture of molded parts, as universal oil for tractors and other moving work machines, as grease, as shock absorber fluid, as Fluid for hydraulic power transmissions and drives, the hardening of metallic materials, the non-chipping metal forming, the chipping metal processing under flooding and the chipping metal processing with minimal lubrication, as a corrosion protection fluid, as an oil for the insulation of electrical components such as transformers and as a heat transfer oil.
• 1.4 mol / h of a 1: 1 mixture of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol were added as a 60% strength (by weight) aqueous solution to the third tray from above.
• Trays 2 to 12 were each filled with 200 ml of highly temperature-stable acidic exchange resin.
• three kg / h of capric acid (9.1 mol / h) as superheated steam were added to the bottom floor.
• the column was operated at 195 ° C. A capric acid / water mixture was drawn off over the top of the column.
• composition comprising a mixture of esterified open-chain and cyclized D-sorbitol / D-mannitol derivatives (MMDDSM esters)
• the MMDDSM ester mixture was added with typical additives for hydraulic oils, such as phenolic and aminic antioxidants, phosphorus / sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors and a foam inhibitor.
• the composition obtained had the following properties:
• the kinematic viscosity is to be assessed as advantageous since the surprisingly determined value corresponds to the most commonly used viscosity class ISO VG 46.
• pour point -48 ° C. The measurement was carried out in accordance with DIN ISO 3016. The determined pour point value can be assessed as very good.
• Demulsifying power 15 minutes at 50 ° C. The measurement was carried out in accordance with DIN 51599. The value is to be assessed as good.
• Load carrying capacity / wear behavior load level
• the wear cap diameter is 0.30 mm in the four-ball device according to DIN 51350.
• Aging stability 2100 hours in the Turbine Oil Stability Test without the addition of water until an acid number of 2 mg KOH / g is reached. This measured value is to be assessed as very good, since a hydraulic oil of the highest quality based on ester should be striven for at least 2000 hours.
• a base liquid based on glycerin was used, which was completely mixed with a. Mixture of caprylic acid and capric acid was esterified. This base liquid was additized with phenolic and aminic antioxidants, phosphorus / sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors and a foam inhibitor, the additives being identical to those used in Example 6.
• the following properties were determined as hydraulic fluid for this basic fluid: Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C: 15 mm 2 / s. For most applications, the determined value should be assessed as too low.
• Demulsifying power 20 minutes at 50 ° C. The measurement was carried out in accordance with DIN 51599. The value is to be assessed as good.
• Load carrying capacity / wear behavior In the test procedure FZG A / 8.3 / 90 load level 10 was determined without damage. The wear dome diameter was 0.35 mm in a four-ball device according to DIN 51350. These values can be assessed as moderately good.
• glycerin which was completely esterified with sunflower oil fatty acid (high oleic quality, oleic acid content 80%), was used as the base liquid.
• Phenolic and aminic antioxidants, phosphorus / sulfur extreme pressure / antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors and a foam inhibitor were used as additives, the additives being identical to those in Example 6. The following properties were determined for this basic liquid:
• Demulsifying power 22 minutes at 50 ° C. The measurement was carried out in accordance with DIN 51599. The value is to be assessed as good.
• Load carrying capacity / wear behavior The load level (12) is still free of damage in the test procedure FZG A / 8.3 / 90.
• the wear calotte diameter in Four-ball device according to DIN 51350 was 0.31 mm. The values can be assessed as very good.
• Aging stability 450 hours in the Turbine Oil Stability Test without added water until an acid number of 2 mg KOH / g is reached. This value is to be judged as bad.
• the values for the MMDDSM ester mixture according to the invention and the two reference base liquids can be assessed as follows.
• the MMDDSM ester mixture according to the invention shows very good cold flow behavior and very good cold stability, very good wear behavior, that is to say load-bearing capacity, very good resistance to oxidative aging, very good air separation capacity and an advantageous viscosity position.
• Comparative example 1 shows, compared with the MMDDSM ester according to the invention, a viscosity position which can only be used for a few applications, a significantly poorer flow behavior at low temperatures, a lower load-bearing capacity and a moderate resistance to oxidative aging.
• Comparative example 2 shows a significantly poorer flow behavior at lower temperatures and a poor resistance to oxidative aging compared to the MMDDSM ester according to the invention.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=7694630

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (14)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2001
  • 2001-08-07 DE DE10138687A patent/DE10138687A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2002
  • 2002-07-22 DE DE50213838T patent/DE50213838D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-07-22 US US10/486,538 patent/US7220710B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-07-22 AT AT02767243T patent/ATE442427T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-07-22 EP EP02767243A patent/EP1417286B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-07-22 WO PCT/EP2002/008152 patent/WO2003014270A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2002-07-22 ES ES02767243T patent/ES2331353T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-07-22 JP JP2003519203A patent/JP2004537643A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events