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EP1413027B1 - Limiteur de surtension scelle hermetiquement utilisant des eclateurs - Google Patents

Limiteur de surtension scelle hermetiquement utilisant des eclateurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1413027B1
EP1413027B1 EP02751106A EP02751106A EP1413027B1 EP 1413027 B1 EP1413027 B1 EP 1413027B1 EP 02751106 A EP02751106 A EP 02751106A EP 02751106 A EP02751106 A EP 02751106A EP 1413027 B1 EP1413027 B1 EP 1413027B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
diverter according
main
surge diverter
encapsulated surge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02751106A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1413027A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Hasse
Arnd Ehrhardt
Peter Zahlmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10140950A external-priority patent/DE10140950B4/de
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1413027A1 publication Critical patent/EP1413027A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1413027B1 publication Critical patent/EP1413027B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an encapsulated surge arrester spark gap base with large, opposite, disc-shaped electrodes in rotationally symmetrical arrangement and an arc discharge gap located between the electrodes, which is at least partially enclosed by a baffle, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Encapsulated, also triggerable spark gaps as surge arresters, preferably used as N / PE spark gap, have long been state of the art.
  • the two most essential requirements for such spark gaps namely a high insulation capacity and very high surge current dissipation properties, result directly from their place of use for N / PE spark gaps.
  • Decisive here is a high lightning current carrying capacity and high reliability, so that in any case harmful contact voltages can be excluded.
  • the DE 100 08 764 A1 discloses a principle triggerable spark gap of small dimensions, which can be used as N / PE route.
  • This spark gap has coaxial electrodes and the connection is made from one side. conditioned the structure and local principle of the traveling arc, the performance of this spark gap is limited at burst currents due to the burning, the thermal and dynamic load, however, a considerable follow current extinguishing capability can be achieved, which is of no significant importance in N / PE spark gaps is.
  • the triggerable encapsulated spark gap after EP 0 305 077 A1 is an embodiment without vent opening with flat parallel main electrodes.
  • the disadvantage of the local spark gap is based on the sliding distance between the two main electrodes whose length corresponds to the distance between the electrodes themselves. At high-current load this slide is loaded by the addition of decomposition and combustion products; which can lead to a reduction of the insulation capacity or even a short circuit.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with an encapsulated surge arrester spark gap base with large, opposite, disc-shaped electrodes according to the features of claim 1, wherein the dependent claims represent at least expedient refinements and developments.
  • the design of the two main electrodes as an air gap ensures a high strength of the arrangement in so-called TOV loads and long-term flows. Due to the possibility of triggering, different threshold voltages can be specified at the factory via an internal or external circuit.
  • the electrodes have large-area and thus erosion-resistant arc regions, wherein by means of the meander-shaped baffles arranged a deflection of the hot gas flow adjusts, which is caused by the pressure wave when igniting the spark gap.
  • the baffle or diverting walls project partially beyond the main separation section, so that optionally occurring burn-up or decomposition products such as soot or the like can accumulate without the necessary insulation sections, which are arranged off the flow direction between the baffle walls, being contaminated.
  • Existing small diameter vents provide slow pressure equalization in the spark gap after load.
  • a first baffle wall of one of the electrodes, projecting the main separation section is arranged directed towards the opposite electrode and a second baffle wall is provided radially spaced from the first baffle wall in relation to the rotationally symmetrical structure.
  • the baffles form, as already mentioned, a meander which is to be traversed by the arc discharge pressure wave. Off the flow direction are protected by deposits insulation stretches.
  • the baffles may have an intermeshing comb structure, which extends substantially perpendicular to the respective electrode surface.
  • an insulating layer is provided in one of the main electrodes, and in this case, the first baffle or parts thereof are designed as a conductive auxiliary or trigger electrode.
  • the second baffle may be part of a spacer which fixes the opposing main electrodes, which preferably is orientated in the flow direction and has said at least one pressure equalization opening.
  • the spacer itself can be designed so that further meander forming baffle or deflection walls arise.
  • the insulating layer has a circumferential rotationally symmetrical extension, which extends beyond the surface of the corresponding main electrode that a rollover path for an auxiliary discharge between the trigger electrode and the main electrode is formed, which is simultaneously oriented to the opposite main electrode.
  • the ratio between distance and diameter of the main electrodes is ⁇ 1:10.
  • Bedampfungssperre Starting from the spacer radially inward and parallel and gap-forming extending to the main electrode surface, a so-called Bedampfungssperre be provided, which may additionally have an optional offset at its free end.
  • This isolated trigger electrode may be formed as a ring or pin electrode which is substantially flush with or recessed from the respective main electrode surface, the insulation additionally surrounding a part of the pin electrode in a circular ring in the latter embodiment.
  • the main electrode surfaces can be structured. Furthermore, one of the main electrodes can form part of the arrester housing, so that simplifies the structure of the flameproof enclosure.
  • the main electrodes are designated by the reference numerals 1 and 2. These main electrodes 1, 2 are formed substantially rotationally symmetrical and are opposite. The main electrodes 1, 2 may have a mutually directed extension whose parallel course and distance defines the main spark gap 6.
  • Fig. 1 accepts a specially trained baffle 3 not only the function of the flow deflection, but also that of an auxiliary electrode, so that adjusts an initial flashover 11 between the fed with trigger voltage auxiliary electrode 3 and the main electrode 2 via the insulation gap 9.
  • the main discharge 12 takes place exclusively between the electrodes 1 and 2, in the area marked 6.
  • the (first) baffle from the part 3 causes the pressure wave, which forms when the spark gap between the two main electrodes, is broken and deflected, whereby the pressure surge in the downstream Areas that serve to ensure isolation, can be reduced.
  • An insulating part 4 is used for electrical insulation and at the same time represents the Sprintsweg between the baffle / auxiliary electrode 3 and the main electrode 2.
  • a spacer 5 holds the two main electrodes 1, 2 at a distance.
  • This spacer 5 comprises a plurality of baffles 10, vents 8 and insulation sections 7. The vents 8 lead after extinguishing the arc to reduce the increased internal pressure within the spark gap.
  • the baffles form a quasi-meandering or intermeshing comb structure, so that there is a multiple deflection of the gas flow.
  • the actual insulation sections 7, which are relevant for the relevant electrical properties, are protected outside the flow area. Unavoidable deposits due to electrode erosion do not affect the properties of these insulation sections 7.
  • the auxiliary electrode 3 can be interconnected inductively or with high impedance to the main electrode 1 internally or externally. In this way, the auxiliary electrode 3 performs the same potential as the main electrode 1. After flashover along the path 9, a small current flows through the auxiliary electrode, whereby the dielectric strength of the separation distance between the main electrodes is reduced, so that the arc between the main electrodes 1 and 2 for Ignition comes. This in turn relieves the auxiliary electrode 3.
  • the auxiliary electrode 3 can be made of electrically conductive or semiconducting material.
  • the parts 3 and 5 may be made of a single part or consist, here on semiconducting material is used.
  • the insulation section 9 determines the response voltage and thus essentially the protection level of the entire spark gap.
  • the distance 6 between the opposing main electrode surfaces may be a multiple of the distance 9, however, the length of the path 9 is to be selected as a function of the desired response voltage of the spark gap.
  • the distance 6 between the surfaces of the main electrodes 1 and 2 can thus be designed significantly higher than in the case of spark gaps without auxiliary electrode with a comparable overvoltage protection level.
  • This and the selected design as an air gap ensure a high insulation capacity and a constant overvoltage protection level even under heavy loads.
  • the dielectric strength of the main line 6 is so greatly reduced by formed charge carriers that the arc discharge 12 ignites after a delay time, whereby the trigger circuit and thus the insulation section 9 are immediately relieved.
  • the insulating part is preferably provided with a projection, whereby the length and thus the energy of the spark is increased. At the same time the resulting charge carriers are brought closer to the opposite main electrode 1, whereby the ignition of the arc 12 improves.
  • the wiring for the passive ignition is possible inside or outside the spark gap.
  • Corresponding high-resistance conductive or semiconducting materials such as, for example, electrically conductive polymers or ceramics, but also resistance materials, are conceivable as an internal wiring.
  • varistors, gas arresters, capacitors, coils, as well as their combinations can additionally be used.
  • the distance of the insulation section 9 can be selected independently of the desired overvoltage protection level.
  • the central extension on one or both of the main electrodes 1, 2 forms the preferred focal surface of the arc.
  • the main electrodes 1 and 2 are made of tungsten / copper, graphite or similar erosion-resistant materials.
  • the large-area electrodes with a distance / diameter ratio of substantially 1:10 are characterized by diffuse and thus low-burning arc base points. As a result, the pressure or current load of the overall arrangement remains very low, which in turn is of decisive advantage for the desired small design.
  • the tendency to form a diffuse arc can be supported in another embodiment by lowering the pressure, by utilizing natural or foreign magnetic fields and by high-melting electrical materials such as graphite, silicon carbide, tungsten, molybdenum and their compounds.
  • the Abbrand Chemistry is in the range of substantially 75 mm 2 to 1000 mm 2 , wherein the distance between the two main electrodes 1 and 2 is substantially between 0.2 mm and 4 mm.
  • the (first) baffle protrudes with its flank at least 0.5 mm to a maximum of 5 mm beyond the discharge gap with the distance 6, so that the pressure, which arises in the discharge gap, can not propagate directly radially, but only undergoes a deflection.
  • a region 7 is formed, which remains almost unaffected by the pressure wave and the deposits and thus serves as the main insulation route.
  • Fig. 2a and 2b can be provided between the main electrodes 1 and 2, starting from the spacer 5, evaporation barriers.
  • the purpose of this vapor barrier is to provide as long and thin a gap 13 between the spacer 5 and at least one of the main electrodes, which lies outside the main direction of propagation of the pressure and flow wave.
  • This gap may also contain deflections by a cranked embodiment of the vapor barrier, as this Fig. 2a shows.
  • the risk of contamination of this gap is thus extremely low, which a further isolation route is created.
  • the width of the gap should be in the range ⁇ 0.2 mm, the length has to be at least 2 mm.
  • the spacer 5 is only used to fix the two main electrodes 1, 2 and the vent or the pressure equalization. It should be noted at this point that the venting of the spark gap can of course also be done through openings on or through the electrodes or the auxiliary electrode.
  • auxiliary electrodes In an embodiment with special auxiliary electrodes according to the Fig. 3a and 3b these are quasi-centric in one of the main electrodes, in the example shown the main electrode 2.
  • the example pin electrode 16 is electrically isolated by an insulation 15 from the potential of the main electrode 2.
  • Fig. 3a Closes the pin electrode 16 with the surface of the main electrode 2 almost, with the insulating portions 15 projecting.
  • the insulating part 15, the upper end of the pin electrode 16 is formed annularly, formed.
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 3a can be ignited with an appropriate design of the trigger circuit and the distance 6 instead of the adjacent main electrode 2 and the opposite main electrode 1. This has the advantage that almost the entire separation distance between the main electrodes 1 and 2 is rollover, thereby minimizing the delay time for igniting the arc 12.
  • the sliding section 9 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) by a combination with an air gap in series between the parts 3 and the main electrode 2 before heavier loads to be protected.
  • the main electrode 2 can also be surrounded by electrically semiconducting material, eg conductive plastic 14 with or without an air gap, via which the spark then slides from the auxiliary electrode 3 to the main electrode 2.
  • a non-triggerable spark gap as in Fig. 5 is shown, can be realized.
  • appropriate measures such as distances or insulating covers, to ensure that even with heavy loads, the response distance is located in the gap marked 6 with the gap.
  • the selected rotationally symmetrical construction of the opposing main electrodes 1 and 2 advantageously allows the attachment of electrical connections on opposite sides.
  • the trigger electrode can be made accessible via an insulated bushing on or in the housing for external wiring.
  • One of the main electrodes may form part of the arrester housing which is preferably crimped or bolted to achieve the desired mechanical strengths for encapsulated spark gaps.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé basé sur un éclateur, comportant des électrodes (1, 2) opposées en forme de disque à grande surface dans un agencement à symétrie de révolution, ainsi qu'un entrefer de décharge d'arc situé entre les électrodes, celui-ci étant enfermé au moins partiellement par une paroi à impact,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une première paroi à impact (3) est agencée, en partant de l'une des électrodes et en dépassant le trajet de séparation principal, en orientation vers l'électrode opposée,
    une seconde paroi à impact (10) est prévue, en se référant à la structure à symétrie de révolution, écartée radialement vers l'extérieur depuis la première paroi à impact, lesdites parois à impact (3, 10) formant un méandre qui est traversé par l'onde de pression de la décharge en arc, et en ce qu'il est prévu des trajets d'isolation (7) protégés vis-à-vis des dépositions, situés hors de la direction d'écoulement.
  2. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que les parois à impact (3, 10) ont une structure en peigne en imbrication mutuelle, et ladite structure s'étend essentiellement perpendiculairement à la surface des électrodes.
  3. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que, à l'intérieur de la zone enfermée par la première paroi à impact (3), il est prévu un tronçon isolant (4) dans l'une des électrodes principales (1, 2), et la première paroi à impact (3), ou des parties de celle-ci, est/sont réalisée(s) sous forme d'électrodes conductrices auxiliaires ou de déclenchement.
  4. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la seconde paroi à impact (10) fait partie d'un écarteur (5) qui fixe les électrodes principales et qui peut posséder au moins une ouverture d'égalisation de pression (8) orientée dans la direction d'écoulement.
  5. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que l'écarteur (5) comprend d'autres parois à impact et
    à déflexion formant des méandres.
  6. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que la couche isolante (4) comprend un prolongement périphérique à symétrie de révolution, qui s'étend au-delà de la surface de l'électrode principale correspondante, de sorte qu'il en résulte un trajet de claquage (11) pour une décharge auxiliaire entre l'électrode de déclenchement (3) et l'électrode principale (2), lequel est simultanément orienté vers l'électrode principale opposée (1).
  7. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que, pour exciter des points de départ diffus pour des arcs, la relation entre l'écartement et le diamètre des électrodes principales (1, 2) est supérieure ou égale à 1 : 10.
  8. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que, partant de l'écarteur (5), il est prévu une barrière anti-vapeurs, qui s'étend radialement vers l'intérieur et parallèlement à la surface de l'électrode principale en formant un entrefer, ladite barrière pouvant présenter en complément un coude ou un pliage à son extrémité libre.
  9. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une électrode de déclenchement isolée (16) est agencée dans l'électrode principale dans la zone enfermée par la première paroi à impact (3).
  10. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de déclenchement isolée (16) est une électrode en pointe, laquelle se raccorde essentiellement en affleurement ou en retrait par rapport à la surface respective de l'électrode principale, et dans le dernier mode de réalisation, l'isolation (15) entoure en supplément une partie supérieure de l'électrode en pointe en formant un anneau circulaire.
  11. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que les surfaces des électrodes principales sont structurées.
  12. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la ou les parties isolantes (4, 14, 15) sont réalisées en une matière plastique dégageant des gaz.
  13. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'une des électrodes principales (1, 2) forme simultanément une partie du boîtier du dispositif.
  14. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 13,
    caractérisé en ce que l'électrode auxiliaire ou de déclenchement (16) est en un matériau semi-conducteur.
  15. Dispositif anti-surtensions encapsulé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par son utilisation à titre d'éclateur N/PE.
EP02751106A 2001-08-01 2002-07-03 Limiteur de surtension scelle hermetiquement utilisant des eclateurs Expired - Lifetime EP1413027B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10137607 2001-08-01
DE10137607 2001-08-01
DE10140950A DE10140950B4 (de) 2001-08-01 2001-08-21 Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter auf Funkenstreckenbasis
DE10140950 2001-08-21
PCT/EP2002/007391 WO2003012945A1 (fr) 2001-08-01 2002-07-03 Limiteur de surtension scelle hermetiquement utilisant des eclateurs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1413027A1 EP1413027A1 (fr) 2004-04-28
EP1413027B1 true EP1413027B1 (fr) 2008-03-05

Family

ID=26009843

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02751106A Expired - Lifetime EP1413027B1 (fr) 2001-08-01 2002-07-03 Limiteur de surtension scelle hermetiquement utilisant des eclateurs

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1413027B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50211845D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003012945A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009006545B4 (de) 2009-01-29 2017-08-17 Epcos Ag Überspannungsableiter und Anordnung von mehreren Überspannungsableitern zu einem Array
DE102014015610B4 (de) * 2014-10-23 2017-02-23 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsableiter

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431226A (en) * 1943-02-11 1947-11-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Low-pressure gap device
GB8707974D0 (en) * 1987-04-03 1987-05-07 M O Valve Co Ltd Surge arrester
JPH0498782A (ja) * 1990-08-16 1992-03-31 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 送電線用避雷装置
DE10008764A1 (de) * 1999-03-04 2000-09-28 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1413027A1 (fr) 2004-04-28
DE50211845D1 (de) 2008-04-17
WO2003012945A1 (fr) 2003-02-13

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