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EP1412673B1 - Appareil destine a la pyrolyse de dechets - Google Patents

Appareil destine a la pyrolyse de dechets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1412673B1
EP1412673B1 EP02749095.2A EP02749095A EP1412673B1 EP 1412673 B1 EP1412673 B1 EP 1412673B1 EP 02749095 A EP02749095 A EP 02749095A EP 1412673 B1 EP1412673 B1 EP 1412673B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis chamber
electrical heating
heating means
pyrolysis
waste material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02749095.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1412673A1 (fr
Inventor
Kenneth Dye
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Environmental Power International Holdings Ltd
Original Assignee
Environmental Power International Holdings Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Environmental Power International Holdings Ltd filed Critical Environmental Power International Holdings Ltd
Publication of EP1412673A1 publication Critical patent/EP1412673A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1412673B1 publication Critical patent/EP1412673B1/fr
Priority to CY20151100251T priority Critical patent/CY1116105T1/el
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/04—Hand tools, e.g. rakes, prickers, tongs

Definitions

  • the waste material may be domestic, industrial or natural waste material, or combinations of such material.
  • the waste material may be domestic and/or industrial waste material.
  • the majority of the known types of apparatus operate such that they generate gas which is then fed to burners in order to heat a pyrolysis chamber forming part of the apparatus. This generation of gas and the subsequent feeding of the gas to the burners is inefficient and environmentally unfriendly. More specifically, the pyrolysis chamber is heated from the outside in the manner of heating a boiler, with most of the heat generated passing up through a chimney. The heat generated which passes up the chimney may be 70% of the overall heat generated. Thus large amounts of gas are wasted, with equally large amounts of heat being discharged to the atmosphere.
  • USA 3357381A discloses a toilet waste combustor for installation in living quarters.
  • the toilet waste combustor comprises heating means, means for sub-dividing or dispersing solids, and means for supplying air for combustion of the solids.
  • USA 5428205A discloses a material processing apparatus comprising an airtight vessel, a channel for a flow of coolant fluid, and a plurality of elongated heater units.
  • USA 3156199A discloses an incinerator with an outer shell made of metal and with an insulating lining.
  • USA 4036152A discloses a solid refuse compactor-incinerator disposer.
  • the disposer includes a housing with a refractory bottom wall, a ram mounted in the housing for vertical reciprocal movement, a combustion chamber, and heating means in the combustion chamber.
  • the present invention provides apparatus for the pyrolysis of waste material, which apparatus is characterized by the combination of a pyrolysis chamber which is heated by electrical heating means located within the pyrolysis chamber and positioned in a floor part of the pyrolysis chamber, means for moving the waste material over the floor part of the pyrolysis chamber in order to keep a stream of the waste material passing through the pyrolysis chamber, the electrical heating means has an electrical supply through fittings constructed to maintain an airtight seal with the pyrolysis chamber, the pyrolysis chamber is an outer shell which is made of a metal and which has a heat insulating lining, the floor part of the pyrolysis chamber is formed by a floor of the outer shell and the heat insulating lining on the floor of the outer shell, and the electrical heating means is suspended within the heat insulating lining on the floor part of the pyrolysis chamber and such as not to contact the outer shell of the pyrolysis chamber, thereby to ensure that the outer shell of the pyrolysis chamber does not become
  • the apparatus of the present invention is advantageous in that less power is required to heat the pyrolysis chamber than in the above mentioned known apparatus. This is because, in the apparatus of the present invention, all heat that is generated by the electrical heating means is able to be generated and used exactly where it is required in the pyrolysis chamber. An exhaust chimney is not needed and thus the apparatus is more environmentally friendly than the above mentioned known apparatus because the apparatus of the present invention does not need to discharge large amounts of heat into the atmosphere.
  • the use of the electrical heating means enables the apparatus of the present invention to be left in a standby mode when it is not in use. This overcomes a well known problem of condensation which occurs in the known apparatus and often causes failure of chamber walls in the known apparatus.
  • the metal of the pyrolysis chamber is steel but other metals may be used if desired. Any suitable and appropriate heat insulating lining may be employed. Different parts of the pyrolysis chamber can have the same or different types of heat insulating material.
  • the electrical heating means may advantageously be suspended on mounting blocks.
  • the heat insulating lining on the floor of the pyrolysis chamber may be formed of fire bricks. Other types of material may be used if desired.
  • the electrical heating means comprises electrical heating elements wound on ceramic tubes.
  • the ceramic tubes are able to provide support and insulation for the electrical heating elements.
  • the ceramic tubes are also able to provide a means of supporting the electrical heating means, for example on the mounting blocks.
  • the electrical heating means may be a plurality of separate heaters. Each separate heater may form a large high power source of heat, for example with an output of 10kW.
  • the apparatus may be one in which an electrical supply for the electrical heating means is through fittings constructed to protect the electrical supply from contact with the outside of the pyrolysis chamber.
  • the pyrolysis chamber is preferably constructed as a large long horizontally-extending chamber. Other shapes for the pyrolysis chamber may however be employed. Where the pyrolysis chamber is the large long horizontally-extending chamber, then it will usually have a door at each end. The doors are advantageously constructed to be heavy.
  • the apparatus of the present invention may include a hearth which is positioned over the electrical heating means, which is composed of a plurality of ceramic plates, and over which the waste material passes during use of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus may include an external temperature controller and a thermal coupler, whereby the internal temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is able to be controlled over a wide temperature range.
  • the means for moving the waste material may be a rake system.
  • the rake system may include a crank mounted internally with arms which move.
  • the apparatus may include a dual stage feed hopper for introducing the waste material to the pyrolysis chamber.
  • a pyrolysis chamber 2 which forms part of apparatus for the pyrolysis of waste material. Domestic and/or industrial and/or natural waste material may be treated by the apparatus.
  • the pyrolysis chamber 2 is heated by electrical heating means 4 located within the pyrolysis chamber 2 and in a floor part 6 of the pyrolysis chamber 2.
  • the pyrolysis chamber 2 comprises an outer shell 8 which is made from steel and which has a heat insulating lining 10. Positioned between the outer shell 8, the heat insulating lining 10, is a secondary heat insulating lining 12.
  • the floor part 6 of the pyrolysis chamber 2 is formed by a floor 14 of the outer shell 8, the heat insulating lining 10, and the secondary heat insulating lining 12 on the floor 14.
  • the electrical heating means 4 is suspended within the heat insulating lining 10 on the floor part 6 of the pyrolysis chamber 2 as shown in Figure 1 .
  • the suspension of the electrical heating means 4 is such that the electrical heating means 4 does not contact the outer shell 8, thereby to ensure that the outer shell 8 does not become electrically conducting during use of the pyrolysis apparatus.
  • the electrical heating means is suspended on mounting blocks.
  • the heat insulating lining 10 is formed of firebricks. Other suitable and appropriate materials may be used if desired.
  • Electrical heating means comprises electrical heating elements wound on ceramic tubes.
  • the ceramic tubes provide support and insulation for the electrical heating elements 4.
  • the ceramic tubes also provide the means by which the electrical heating means is supported on the mounting blocks.
  • the electrical heating means is formed as a plurality of separate heaters.
  • the separate heaters are large and give off high electrical power, for example of 10kW each.
  • An electrical supply (not shown) for the electrical heating means 4 is through fittings (not shown) constructed to protect the electrical supply from contact with the outer shell 8 of the pyrolysis chamber 2.
  • the fittings are also constructed to maintain an airtight seal with the outer shell 8 of the pyrolysis chamber 2.
  • the pyrolysis chamber 2 is preferably constructed as a large long horizontally-extending chamber. This chamber has a heavy door at each end. The doors enable waste material to be introduced into the pyrolysis chamber 2, and removed from the pyrolysis chamber 2.
  • the pyrolysis chamber 2 includes a hearth 16 which is positioned over the electrical heating means 4.
  • the hearth 16 is composed of a plurality of ceramic plates 18. A stream of the waste material passes over the hearth 16 during use of the apparatus of the invention.
  • the apparatus of the invention includes an external temperature controller (not shown) and a thermal coupler (not shown).
  • the temperature controller and the thermal coupler enable the internal temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 2 to be able to be controlled over a wide temperature range.
  • the apparatus also includes means for moving the waste over the floor part 6 of the pyrolysis chamber 2.
  • the means for moving the waste is preferably a rake system (not shown).
  • the outer shell 8 of the pyrolysis chamber 2 may be formed as a stainless steel welded casing.
  • Figures 2 and 4 shows how the ceramic plates 18 can be supported on a steel support table 20.
  • a hearth 22 comprising ceramic tubes 24 mounted on castellated supports 26.
  • the castellated supports 26 stand on a floor 28.
  • Figure 7 shows how a floor may be provided with electric heaters 32 and fire bricks 34.
  • the fire bricks 34 are laid out to form pockets for the electric heaters 32 to lay in.
  • FIG 8 shows apparatus in which heaters 36 are mounted within a processing chamber 38 for enabling maximum heat transfer.
  • the processing chamber 38 is defined by a processor outer shell 40.
  • Primary insulation 42 and secondary insulation 44 are provided as shown.
  • the heaters 36 are positioned between ceramic plates 46 and the processor floor 48. Fire bricks 50 are spaced apart as shown to form spaces for the heaters 36.
  • the ceramic plates 46 cover the heaters 36 as shown.
  • Figure 9 is a cross section through part of a heater assembly 52.
  • the heater assembly 52 has heaters 54 set between ceramic plates 56 and fire bricks 58.
  • the fire bricks 58 support the ceramic plates 56 as shown.
  • Fire bricks 60 form a layer on a bed of the processor.
  • Insulation 62 is provided as shown.
  • the heaters 36 shown in Figure 8 and the heaters 54 as shown in Figure 9 may be of the same construction as the ceramic electric heaters shown in previous drawings.
  • the apparatus 64 forms a pyrolysis processing unit.
  • the apparatus 64 comprises delivery means 66 which may be in the form of an auger as shown or which may alternatively be a conveyor, and which is for delivering an incoming waste stream.
  • the waste stream is delivered to a dual stage feed hopper 68.
  • a power take off point 70 is provided for the delivery means 66.
  • the apparatus 64 comprises the main processor unit 72 and also a gas scrubber tank 74 having an enclosed filtration system.
  • the gas scrubber tank 74 has a dual stage distillation system 76 and a dry gas filter 78. Solid residue collects in a solid residue collection unit 80.
  • An enclosed after-burner 82 is provided as shown. In Figure 11 , it can be seen that the apparatus 64 also comprises a solid residue recovery unit 84 which is connected to the solid residue collection unit 80.
  • the dual stage distillation system 76 has drain taps 86.
  • the enclosed after-burner 82 has an exhaust 88.
  • a draw pump 90 is provided in the conduit leading to the dual stage distillation system 76.
  • the main processor unit 72 has a control panel 92 and access staging 94.
  • the dual stage feed hopper 68 comprises an upper hopper 68a and a lower hopper 68b.
  • the stream of waste material from the delivery means 66 enters the upper hopper 68a which is isolated from the lower hopper 68b by a door 71.
  • the upper hopper 68a is closed by a door 73 which is located at the top of the upper hopper 68a.
  • the door 71 is opened to allow the waste material in the upper hopper 68a to fall into the lower hopper 68b.
  • the waste material from the lower hopper 68b can then pass to a main processor unit 72 containing a pyrolysis chamber such as the pyrolysis chamber 2.
  • the apparatus 64 operates such that during use, the waste material is pyrolised in the pyrolysis chamber. This is because of the provision for the apparatus 64 of the electrical heating means inside the pyrolysis chamber, the dual stage feed hopper 68, the enclosed filtration system, the enclosed after-burner 84, and the use of electrical fittings (not shown) constructed to maintain an airtight seal with the pyrolysis chamber.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Appareil (64) destiné à la pyrolyse de déchets, comportant la combinaison d'une chambre (2) de pyrolyse qui est chauffée par un moyen (4) de chauffage électrique situés à l'intérieur de la chambre (2) de pyrolyse et positionné dans une partie (6) de plancher de la chambre (2) de pyrolyse, d'un moyen servant à déplacer les déchets par-dessus la partie (6) de plancher de la chambre (2) de pyrolyse afin de maintenir un flux des déchets en mouvement à travers la chambre (2) de pyrolyse, le moyen (4) de chauffage électrique étant doté d'une alimentation électrique à travers des appareillages construits pour maintenir un joint étanche à l'air avec la chambre (2) de pyrolyse, la chambre (2) de pyrolyse étant une coque extérieure (8) qui est constituée de métal et qui est dotée d'un garnissage thermiquement isolant (10), la partie (6) de plancher de la chambre (2) de pyrolyse étant formée par un plancher (14) de la coque extérieure (8) et par le garnissage thermiquement isolant (10) sur le plancher (14) de la coque extérieure (8), et caractérisé en ce que le moyen (4) de chauffage électrique est suspendu à l'intérieur du garnissage thermiquement isolant (10) sur la partie (6) de plancher de la chambre (2) de pyrolyse et de façon à ne pas toucher la coque extérieure (8) de la chambre (2) de pyrolyse, pour garantir ainsi que la coque extérieure (8) de la chambre (2) de pyrolyse ne devient pas électriquement conductrice.
  2. Appareil (64) selon la revendication 1, le métal étant de l'acier.
  3. Appareil (64) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, le moyen (4) de chauffage électrique étant suspendu sur des blocs de montage.
  4. Appareil (64) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le garnissage thermiquement isolant sur le plancher de la chambre (2) de pyrolyse étant formé de briques réfractaires.
  5. Appareil (64) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le moyen (4) de chauffage électrique comportant des éléments chauffants électriques enroulés sur des tubes en céramique.
  6. Appareil (64) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le moyen (4) de chauffage électrique étant une pluralité de dispositifs chauffants distincts.
  7. Appareil (64) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, une alimentation électrique du moyen (4) de chauffage électrique se faisant à travers des appareillages construits pour protéger l'alimentation électrique d'un contact avec l'extérieur de la chambre (2) de pyrolyse.
  8. Appareil (64) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la chambre (2) de pyrolyse étant construite comme une longue chambre de grandes dimensions s'étendant horizontalement.
  9. Appareil (64) selon la revendication 8, la chambre (2) de pyrolyse étant dotée d'une porte à chaque extrémité.
  10. Appareil (64) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes et comprenant un foyer qui est positionné au-dessus du moyen (4) de chauffage électrique, qui est composé d'une pluralité de plaques en céramique, et par-dessus lequel les déchets passent pendant l'utilisation de l'appareil (64).
  11. Appareil (64) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes et comprenant un régulateur de température externe et un coupleur thermique, au moyen desquels une température interne de la chambre (2) de pyrolyse peut être régulée sur une gamme étendue de températures.
  12. Appareil (64) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le moyen servant à déplacer les déchets étant un système de râteaux.
  13. Appareil (64) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes et comprenant une trémie (68) d'alimentation à double étage destinée à introduire les déchets dans la chambre (2) de pyrolyse.
EP02749095.2A 2001-08-01 2002-07-31 Appareil destine a la pyrolyse de dechets Expired - Lifetime EP1412673B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CY20151100251T CY1116105T1 (el) 2001-08-01 2015-03-13 Συσκευη για την πυρολυση αποβλητων

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0118759 2001-08-01
GB0118759A GB0118759D0 (en) 2001-08-01 2001-08-01 Apparatus for the pyrolysisof waste material
PCT/GB2002/003510 WO2003012338A1 (fr) 2001-08-01 2002-07-31 Appareil destine a la pyrolyse de dechets

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1412673A1 EP1412673A1 (fr) 2004-04-28
EP1412673B1 true EP1412673B1 (fr) 2014-12-17

Family

ID=9919618

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02749095.2A Expired - Lifetime EP1412673B1 (fr) 2001-08-01 2002-07-31 Appareil destine a la pyrolyse de dechets

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1412673B1 (fr)
CY (1) CY1116105T1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1412673T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2532905T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB0118759D0 (fr)
PT (1) PT1412673E (fr)
WO (1) WO2003012338A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0604907D0 (en) 2006-03-10 2006-04-19 Morgan Everett Ltd Pyrolysis apparatus and method
CN108194928B (zh) * 2018-02-07 2024-02-13 李观德 一种垃圾热解方法及多层挂臂式垃圾热解炉
CZ308259B6 (cs) * 2019-04-11 2020-03-25 Jaroslav Kopic Zařízení pro termický rozklad a způsob provádění termického rozkladu

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4036152A (en) * 1975-11-17 1977-07-19 General Motors Corporation Refuse compactor-incinerator disposer
US5428205A (en) * 1993-09-17 1995-06-27 Eshleman; Roger D. Casing and heater configuration in a material processing apparatus

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1121262B (de) * 1951-12-27 1962-01-04 Svenska Metallverkens Ugns Akt Verbrennungsofen
US3068812A (en) * 1959-05-07 1962-12-18 Wesley C L Hemeon Method and apparatus for incinerating combustible wastes
US3156199A (en) * 1962-05-01 1964-11-10 Pemberton & Sturgess Gt Britai Incinerators
US3314385A (en) * 1964-09-28 1967-04-18 Gen Motors Corp Waste incinerator
US3357381A (en) * 1966-05-18 1967-12-12 Pulp Paper Res Inst Toilet waste combustor
FR1502251A (fr) * 1966-11-24 1967-11-18 Procédé d'incinération
US5390611A (en) * 1993-02-24 1995-02-21 John; Richard E. Thermal processing of fly ash
DE4325422A1 (de) * 1993-07-29 1995-02-02 Abb Management Ag Kremationsofen mit elektrischer Beheizung
FR2733032B1 (fr) * 1995-04-12 1997-05-23 Cogema Ringard manoeuvre derriere une paroi de protection

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4036152A (en) * 1975-11-17 1977-07-19 General Motors Corporation Refuse compactor-incinerator disposer
US5428205A (en) * 1993-09-17 1995-06-27 Eshleman; Roger D. Casing and heater configuration in a material processing apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CY1116105T1 (el) 2017-02-08
WO2003012338A1 (fr) 2003-02-13
ES2532905T3 (es) 2015-04-01
GB0118759D0 (en) 2001-09-26
PT1412673E (pt) 2015-03-26
DK1412673T3 (en) 2015-03-23
EP1412673A1 (fr) 2004-04-28

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