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EP1492905A1 - Reduction d'oxydes metalliques dans une cellule electrolytique - Google Patents

Reduction d'oxydes metalliques dans une cellule electrolytique

Info

Publication number
EP1492905A1
EP1492905A1 EP03743767A EP03743767A EP1492905A1 EP 1492905 A1 EP1492905 A1 EP 1492905A1 EP 03743767 A EP03743767 A EP 03743767A EP 03743767 A EP03743767 A EP 03743767A EP 1492905 A1 EP1492905 A1 EP 1492905A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
electrolyte
cathode
metal oxide
potential
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03743767A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1492905A4 (fr
Inventor
Les Strezov
Ivan Ratchev
Steve Osborn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metalysis Ltd
Original Assignee
BHP Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AUPS1071A external-priority patent/AUPS107102A0/en
Priority claimed from AUPS3049A external-priority patent/AUPS304902A0/en
Application filed by BHP Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd filed Critical BHP Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd
Priority to EP14163470.9A priority Critical patent/EP2770086A3/fr
Publication of EP1492905A1 publication Critical patent/EP1492905A1/fr
Publication of EP1492905A4 publication Critical patent/EP1492905A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/26—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium
    • C25C3/28—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium of titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/005—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C22B34/129—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds by dissociation, e.g. thermic dissociation of titanium tetraiodide, or by electrolysis or with the use of an electric arc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/18—Electrolytes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to reduction of metal oxides in a solid state in an electrolytic cell.
  • the present invention was made during the course of an on-going research project on solid state reduction of titania (Ti0 2 ) carried out by the applicant.
  • One application is the direct production of a metal from a metal oxide.
  • the "discovery” is the realisation that an electrolytic cell can be used to ionise oxygen contained in a metal oxide so that the oxygen dissolves in an electrolyte.
  • the Cambridge International application discloses that when a suitable potential is applied to an electrolytic cell with a metal oxide as a cathode, a reaction occurs whereby oxygen is ionised and is subsequently able to dissolve in the electrolyte of the cell.
  • the allowed claims of the European patent application inter alia define a method of electrolytically reducing a metal oxide (such as titania) that includes operating an electrolytic cell at a potential at an electrode formed from the metal oxide that is lower than the deposition potential of cations in the electrolyte at a surface of the electrode.
  • a metal oxide such as titania
  • the Cambridge European patent application does not define what is meant by deposition potential and does not include any specific examples that provide values of the deposition potential for particular cations .
  • page 5 of the submissions state that:
  • the present invention provides a method of reducing a metal oxide in a solid state in an electrolytic cell, which electrolytic cell includes an anode, a cathode, a molten electrolyte, the electrolyte includes cations of a metal that is capable of chemically reducing the metal oxide, and the metal oxide in a solid state immersed in the electrolyte, and which method includes a step of operating the cell at a potential that is above a potential at which cations of the metal that is capable of chemically reducing the metal oxide can deposit as the metal on the cathode, whereby the metal chemically reduces the metal oxide.
  • the experimental work carried out by the applicant produced evidence of Ca metal dissolved in the electrolyte.
  • the applicant believes that, at least during the early stages of operation of the cell, the Ca metal was the result of electrodeposition of Ca ++ cations as Ca metal on electrically conductive sections of the cathode.
  • the experimental work was carried out using a CaCl 2 -based electrolyte at a cell potential below the decomposition potential of CaCl 2 .
  • the decomposition potential of CaO is less than the decomposition potential of CaCl 2 .
  • the cell operation is dependent, at least during the early stages of cell operation, on decomposition of CaO, with Ca ++ cations migrating to the cathode and depositing as Ca metal and O " anions migrating to the anode and forming CO and/or C0 2 (in a situation in which the anode is a graphite anode) .
  • the applicant also believes that at later stages of the cell operation part of the Ca metal that deposited on the cathode was deposited directly on partially deoxidised titanium and thereafter participated in chemical reduction of titanium.
  • the applicant also believes that the 0 "" anions, once extracted from the titania, migrated to the anode and reacted with anode carbon and produced CO and/or C0 2 (and in some instances CaO) and released electrons that facilitated electrolytic deposition of Ca metal on the cathode.
  • the cathode is formed at least in part from the metal oxide.
  • the method includes operating the cell at the potential that is above the potential at which cations of the metal that is capable of chemically reducing the metal oxide deposit as the metal on the cathode so that the metal deposits on the cathode.
  • the metal deposited on the cathode is soluble in the electrolyte and can dissolve in the electrolyte and thereby migrate to the vicinity of the metal oxide .
  • the electrolyte be a CaCl 2 -based electrolyte that includes CaO as one of the constituents of the electrolyte.
  • the present invention does not require the addition of substantial amounts of CaO to the electrolyte.
  • the cell potential be above a potential at which Ca metal can deposit on the cathode, i.e. at a potential that is above the decomposition potential of CaO.
  • the decomposition potential of CaO can vary over a considerable range depending on factors such as the composition of the anode, the electrolyte temperature and electrolyte composition.
  • the cell potential be below the potential at which CI " anions can deposit on the anode and form chlorine gas, i.e. the decomposition potential of CaCl 2 .
  • the decomposition potential of CaCl 2 can vary over a considerable range depending on factors such as the composition of the anode, the electrolyte temperature and electrolyte composition.
  • the cell potential be between 1.3 and 3.5V.
  • the CaCl 2 -based electrolyte may be a commercially available source of CaCl 2 , such as calcium chloride dihydrate, that partially decomposes on heating and produces CaO or otherwise includes CaO.
  • the CaCl 2 -based electrolyte may include CaCl 2 and CaO that are added separately or pre-mixed to form the electrolyte.
  • anode be graphite or an inert anode .
  • Carbon in the titanium is an undesirable contaminant.
  • carbon transfer was partially responsible for low energy efficiency of the cell. Both problems could present significant barriers to commercialisation of electrolytic reduction technology.
  • the dominant mechanism of carbon transfer is electrochemical rather than erosion and that one way of minimising carbon transfer and therefore contamination of titanium produced at the cathode by electrochemical reduction of titania is to position a membrane that is permeable to oxygen anions and is impermeable to carbon in ionic and non-ionic forms between the cathode and the anode and thereby prevent migration of carbon to the cathode.
  • the electrolytic cell includes a membrane that is permeable to oxygen anions and is impermeable to carbon in ionic and non-ionic forms positioned between the cathode and the anode to thereby prevent migration of carbon to the cathode.
  • the membrane may be formed from any suitable material .
  • the membrane is formed from a solid electrolyte.
  • One solid electrolyte tested by the applicant is yttria stabilised zirconia.
  • an electrolytic cell as described above and operating in accordance with the above described method.
  • the electrolytic cell is shown in Figure 1.
  • the electrochemical cell included a graphite crucible equipped with a graphite lid.
  • the crucible was used as the cell anode.
  • a stainless steel rod was used to secure electrical contact between a d/c power supply and the crucible.
  • the cell cathode consisted of Kanthal or platinum wire connected at one end to the power supply and Ti0 2 pellets suspended from the other end of the wire.
  • An alumina tube was used as an insulator around the cathode.
  • the cell electrolyte was a commercially available source of CaCl 2 , namely calcium chloride dihydrate, that partially decomposed on heating at the operating temperature of the cell and produced CaO.
  • a thermocouple was immersed in the electrolyte in close proximity to the pellets.
  • pellets Two types were used. One type was slip-cast and the other type was pressed. Both types of pellets were made from analytical grade Ti0 2 powder. Both types of pellets were sintered in air at 850°C. One pressed and one slip-cast pellet were used in the experiment .
  • the cell was positioned in a furnace and the experiment was conducted at 950°C. Voltages up to 3V were applied between the crucible wall and the Kanthal or platinum wire. The voltage of 3V is below the potential at which CI " anions can deposit on the anode at that temperature. In addition, the voltage of 3V is above the decomposition potential of CaO and below the decomposition potential of CaCl 2 .
  • the power-supply maintained a constant voltage throughout the experiment.
  • the voltage and resulting cell current were logged using LabVIEW (TM) data acquisition software.
  • the constant voltage (3V) used in the experiment produced an initial current of approximately 1.2A. A continuous drop in the current was observed during the initial 2 hours. After that a gradual increase in the current up to 1A was observed.
  • the invention is not so limited and extends to reduction of other titanium oxides and to oxides of other metals and alloys.
  • examples of other potentially important metals are aluminium, silicon, germanium, zirconium, hafnium, magnesium and molybdenum.
  • suitable electrolytes will be salts and oxides that are soluble in salts.
  • suitable electrolyte is BaCl 2 .

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de réduire un oxyde métallique, tel que du titane à l'état solide, dans une cellule électrolytique. Ladite cellule électrolytique comprend une anode, une cathode et un électrolyte fondu. L'électrolyte comprend des cations métalliques capables de réduire chimiquement l'oxyde métallique. Ledit oxyde métallique à l'état solide est immergé dans l'électrolyte. Ledit procédé consiste à faire fonctionner la cellule à un potentiel au-dessus du potentiel auquel les cations métalliques capables de réduire chimiquement le dépôt d'oxyde peuvent se déposer sous forme de métal sur la cathode. De ce fait, le métal réduit chimiquement l'oxyde métallique.
EP03743767A 2002-03-13 2003-03-13 Reduction d'oxydes metalliques dans une cellule electrolytique Withdrawn EP1492905A4 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14163470.9A EP2770086A3 (fr) 2002-03-13 2003-03-13 Réduction d'oxydes métalliques dans une cellule électrolytique

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPS107102 2002-03-13
AUPS1071A AUPS107102A0 (en) 2002-03-13 2002-03-13 Electrolytic reduction of metal oxides
AUPS304902 2002-06-19
AUPS3049A AUPS304902A0 (en) 2002-06-19 2002-06-19 Reduction of metal oxides in an electrolytic cell
PCT/AU2003/000306 WO2003076690A1 (fr) 2002-03-13 2003-03-13 Reduction d'oxydes metalliques dans une cellule electrolytique

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14163470.9A Division EP2770086A3 (fr) 2002-03-13 2003-03-13 Réduction d'oxydes métalliques dans une cellule électrolytique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1492905A1 true EP1492905A1 (fr) 2005-01-05
EP1492905A4 EP1492905A4 (fr) 2006-06-28

Family

ID=27805836

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14163470.9A Withdrawn EP2770086A3 (fr) 2002-03-13 2003-03-13 Réduction d'oxydes métalliques dans une cellule électrolytique
EP03743767A Withdrawn EP1492905A4 (fr) 2002-03-13 2003-03-13 Reduction d'oxydes metalliques dans une cellule electrolytique

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14163470.9A Withdrawn EP2770086A3 (fr) 2002-03-13 2003-03-13 Réduction d'oxydes métalliques dans une cellule électrolytique

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2770086A3 (fr)
JP (1) JP4658479B2 (fr)
KR (2) KR20110025237A (fr)
CN (1) CN1650051B (fr)
BR (1) BR0308384B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2479048C (fr)
EA (1) EA007046B1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA04008887A (fr)
NO (1) NO340277B1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ531467A (fr)
WO (1) WO2003076690A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200407434B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109763146A (zh) * 2019-03-27 2019-05-17 贵州省过程工业技术研究中心 一种铝电解用钛基复合材料阳极制备方法

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AUPS117002A0 (en) * 2002-03-13 2002-04-18 Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd Minimising carbon transfer in an electrolytic cell
GB0219640D0 (en) * 2002-08-23 2002-10-02 Univ Cambridge Tech Electrochemical method and apparatus
AU2002951962A0 (en) * 2002-10-09 2002-10-24 Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd Electrolytic reduction of metal oxides
AU2002952083A0 (en) 2002-10-16 2002-10-31 Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd Minimising carbon transfer in an electrolytic cell
JP4513297B2 (ja) * 2003-09-30 2010-07-28 日本軽金属株式会社 金属酸化物の還元方法及び金属酸化物の還元装置
JP4502617B2 (ja) * 2003-09-30 2010-07-14 日本軽金属株式会社 金属酸化物の還元方法及び金属酸化物の還元装置
JP2007529631A (ja) * 2004-03-22 2007-10-25 ビーエイチピー ビリトン イノベーション プロプライアタリー リミテッド 金属酸化物の電気化学的還元
BRPI0512782A (pt) * 2004-06-28 2008-04-08 Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty método para produzir metal de titánio e produtos de metal de titánio semi-acabados ou prontos para o uso
EA014138B1 (ru) * 2005-08-01 2010-10-29 БиЭйчПи БИЛЛИТОН ИННОВЕЙШН ПТИ ЛТД. Электрохимическое восстановление оксидов металлов
NO20062776L (no) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-17 Norsk Titanium Tech As Fremgangsmåte, apparatur samt midler for produksjon av materiale i en smeltet salt elektrolytt
CN100532653C (zh) * 2006-11-03 2009-08-26 西北有色金属研究院 一种熔盐电解提取钛的方法
GB0714021D0 (en) * 2007-07-18 2007-08-29 Green Metals Ltd Improvements in anode materials
GB0902486D0 (en) * 2009-02-13 2009-04-01 Metalysis Ltd A method for producing metal powders
GB201010772D0 (en) * 2010-06-26 2010-08-11 Fray Derek J Method for texturing silicon surfaces
NZ610339A (en) 2010-11-18 2015-11-27 Metalysis Ltd Method and system for electrolytically reducing a solid feedstock
GB201019615D0 (en) 2010-11-18 2010-12-29 Metalysis Ltd Electrolysis apparatus and method
MY180279A (en) 2010-11-18 2020-11-26 Metalysis Ltd Electrolysis apparatus
GB201102023D0 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-03-23 Metalysis Ltd Electrolysis method, apparatus and product
RU2466216C1 (ru) * 2011-06-17 2012-11-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" Способ получения металлического титана электролизом
CA2850339C (fr) 2011-10-04 2021-07-27 Metalysis Limited Production electrolytique de poudre
GB201223375D0 (en) 2012-12-24 2013-02-06 Metalysis Ltd Method and apparatus for producing metal by electrolytic reduction
KR101526298B1 (ko) * 2013-04-22 2015-06-10 서울대학교산학협력단 산화티타늄 전극의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 활성산소종 생성 시스템, 염소 생성 시스템, 염료감응형 태양전지 및 전기이중층 커패시터
GB201411433D0 (en) 2014-06-26 2014-08-13 Metalysis Ltd Method and apparatus for electrolytic reduction of a feedstock comprising oxygen and a first metal
KR101740424B1 (ko) 2015-08-18 2017-05-26 충남대학교산학협력단 일메나이트 원광을 이용한 금속 티타늄의 제조방법
NL2015759B1 (en) 2015-11-10 2017-05-26 Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland Additive manufacturing of metal objects.
WO2017141044A1 (fr) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-24 Metalysis Limited Procédés de fabrication de matériaux en graphène
GB201615659D0 (en) 2016-09-14 2016-10-26 Metalysis Ltd Method of producing a powder
GB201615660D0 (en) 2016-09-14 2016-10-26 Metalysis Ltd Method of producing a powder
GB201615658D0 (en) 2016-09-14 2016-10-26 Metalysis Ltd Method of producing a composite material
NL2018890B1 (en) 2017-05-10 2018-11-15 Admatec Europe B V Additive manufacturing of metal objects
NL2021611B1 (en) 2018-09-12 2020-05-06 Admatec Europe B V Three-dimensional object and manufacturing method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109763146A (zh) * 2019-03-27 2019-05-17 贵州省过程工业技术研究中心 一种铝电解用钛基复合材料阳极制备方法
CN109763146B (zh) * 2019-03-27 2021-03-26 贵州省过程工业技术研究中心 一种铝电解用钛基复合材料阳极制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20040111408A (ko) 2004-12-31
EP1492905A4 (fr) 2006-06-28
NO20043857L (no) 2004-12-08
EA007046B1 (ru) 2006-06-30
KR101038701B1 (ko) 2011-06-02
EP2770086A2 (fr) 2014-08-27
WO2003076690A1 (fr) 2003-09-18
CA2479048A1 (fr) 2003-09-18
JP2005520045A (ja) 2005-07-07
ZA200407434B (en) 2006-05-31
BR0308384A (pt) 2005-01-25
NZ531467A (en) 2007-06-29
CA2479048C (fr) 2012-07-10
EA200401203A1 (ru) 2005-06-30
BR0308384B1 (pt) 2014-02-04
NO340277B1 (no) 2017-03-27
MXPA04008887A (es) 2004-11-26
JP4658479B2 (ja) 2011-03-23
EP2770086A3 (fr) 2014-10-29
CN1650051B (zh) 2011-02-23
KR20110025237A (ko) 2011-03-09
CN1650051A (zh) 2005-08-03

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