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EP1447438A1 - Four steps gasification - Google Patents

Four steps gasification Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1447438A1
EP1447438A1 EP03002689A EP03002689A EP1447438A1 EP 1447438 A1 EP1447438 A1 EP 1447438A1 EP 03002689 A EP03002689 A EP 03002689A EP 03002689 A EP03002689 A EP 03002689A EP 1447438 A1 EP1447438 A1 EP 1447438A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coke
gasification
screw
air
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03002689A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1447438B1 (en
Inventor
Rüdiger Graf Von Görtz
Ulrich Finger
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Von Gortz & Finger Techn Entwicklungs Gesmbh
Original Assignee
Von Gortz & Finger Techn Entwicklungs Gesmbh
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Priority to EP03002689.2A priority Critical patent/EP1447438B1/en
Publication of EP1447438A1 publication Critical patent/EP1447438A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/007—Screw type gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/10—Continuous processes using external heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/62—Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0943—Coke
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1609—Post-reduction, e.g. on a red-white-hot coke or coal bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/304—Burning pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
    • F23G2203/801—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone using conveyors
    • F23G2203/8013—Screw conveyors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a four-pass carburetor in the Biomass or similar materials with a lack of oxygen be gassed. This gas can be used for the operation of Internal combustion engines or gas burners are used.
  • the present invention relates to a four-pass carburetor in which the entire gasification process takes place in four passes.
  • Train 1 The material to be gasified is located in the material supply container 3.
  • a screw conveyor 5 which is located inside the gasification channel the material from the hopper 3, is transported into the hopper. 6
  • the drive for this 4 is infinitely variable, since the transport speed depends on the structure and the moisture of the material to be gasified. Due to the high temperature above the gasification channel, the material is heated at temperatures around 1000 ° Celsius. The material is dried, the rapidly volatile gases escape and pre-pyrolyzing takes place. At the end of the screw conveyor 5 , the material falls into the filling shaft 6.
  • Train 2 There is a transport spiral 9 in the depression of the gasification channel . This transport spiral transports the pre-pyrolyzed material from the filling shaft 6 to the ash discharge nozzle 11. At various points 24 , preheated gasification air is supplied so that on the way from the filling shaft 6 to the ash discharge 11 . the entire material is gasified and at the end of the gasification duct, outgassed material is produced in the form of ash.
  • Train 3 At the end of the gasification channel, the gas collects and flows into the hot gas pipe 12. In this pipe, the gas reaches the gas shaft 13 in the absence of oxygen and flows via the stand pipe 14 into the coke screw.
  • item 12 a short spiral, which is located in the hot gas pipe, is driven via the same chain drive. This short spiral has the task of transporting back the dust particles or suspended matter entrained in the gas and at the same time the gas is to be swirled by the shape of the spiral.
  • the hot gas tube 12 has the task of giving the gas a longer dwell time so that the thermal conversion process can be carried out with the addition of externally supplied heat.
  • Train 4 The gas flows from the hot gas pipe 12 , into the gas shaft 13 and then through the standpipe 14, into the coke screw.
  • this coke screw which is double-walled and is cooled from the outside by the gasification air, the gas flows from the inlet connection 14 to the coke tank 16.
  • the gas Within this coke screw, the gas is cooled and cleaned by the coke in a countercurrent process. The gas then collects in the coke container 16 and is sucked off by the suction draft 17 and blown to the point of use.
  • the gasification duct is heated to approximately 200 ° Celsius by means of a pilot burner 7 .
  • industrial coke is fed through the coke screw 15 into the filling shaft 6 .
  • the check valve 21 is opened by the coke screw 15 , driven by the motor 20 .
  • the coke entered in connection with the heat of the pilot burner quickly generates a process temperature of over 500 ° Celsius.
  • gasification material is continuously added to the filling shaft 6 by the material screw 5 , driven by the motor 4 .
  • the entire system is operated with an excess of oxygen until the gasification temperature of approx. 1000 ° Celsius is reached. This control takes place via the side channel compressor 22.
  • the side channel compressor 22 sucks in the room air or oxygen-enriched air and presses it into the piping system 23 .
  • the air enters the gap in the double-walled coke screw 15 and flows through this gap, which is provided with hospital-shaped air baffles, up to the starting point 23. This ensures that the coke, which is intended to cool the gas, is cooled from the outside to reach a hot gasification air at the same time. After the hot gasification air has escaped from the annular gap of the coke screw, the hot air is conducted in an insulated pipe 23 to the individual injection points.
  • the object of the invention is a fully automatic operation of the four-pass carburetor.
  • a level indicator 1 is installed in the material storage container.
  • a transport screw is switched which conveys material into the container 3 via the opened pinch valve 2 .
  • the amount of material is determined by the continuously variable drive motor 4 .
  • the drive motor 20 for the coke screw runs only at intervals in order to transport hot coke loaded in cycles through the non-return flap 21 into the filling shaft 6 .
  • the intervals for the cycle times of the coke screw depend on the outflow temperature of the gas from the coke container 16. Also in this container, a level indicator is installed which controls the transport screw for the coke when necessary and at the same time the pinch valve 19 is opened.
  • the entire four-pass carburetor has high temperatures of up to 1000 ° Celsius, the entire gasification duct is covered with high-quality insulation 29 .
  • the entire carburettor unit can be mounted on a base frame and, thanks to its narrow, long and low shape, forms an inexpensive installation option in rooms.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Device for producing a gas from biomass or similar material pre-pyrolyzes the material using a screw (5).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Vierzug-Vergaser in dem Biomasse oder ähnliche Materialien unter Sauerstoffmangel vergast werden. Dieses Gas kann für den Betrieb von Brennkraftmotoren oder Gasbrennern eingesetzt werden. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Vierzug-Vergaser in dem der gesamte Vergasungsprozess in vier Zügen abläuft.The invention relates to a four-pass carburetor in the Biomass or similar materials with a lack of oxygen be gassed. This gas can be used for the operation of Internal combustion engines or gas burners are used. The present invention relates to a four-pass carburetor in which the entire gasification process takes place in four passes.

Zug 1: Das zu vergasende Material befindet sich in dem Materialvorratsbehälter 3. Mittels einer Transportschnecke 5, die sich innerhalb des Vergasungskanals befindet wird das Material von dem Vorratsbehälter 3, in den Füllschacht 6, transportiert. Der Antrieb hierfür 4, ist stufenlos regelbar, da sich die Transportgeschwindigkeit nach der Struktur und der Feuchte des zu vergasenden Materials regelt. Durch die hohe Temperatur oberhalb des Vergasungskanals wird das Material bei Temperaturen um 1000° Celsius erhitzt. Dabei wird das Material getrocknet, es entweichen die schnellflüchtigen Gase und es erfolgt eine Vorpyrolysation. Am Ende der Transportschnecke 5, fällt das Material in den Füllschacht 6. Train 1: The material to be gasified is located in the material supply container 3. By means of a screw conveyor 5 which is located inside the gasification channel the material from the hopper 3, is transported into the hopper. 6 The drive for this 4 is infinitely variable, since the transport speed depends on the structure and the moisture of the material to be gasified. Due to the high temperature above the gasification channel, the material is heated at temperatures around 1000 ° Celsius. The material is dried, the rapidly volatile gases escape and pre-pyrolyzing takes place. At the end of the screw conveyor 5 , the material falls into the filling shaft 6.

Zug 2: In der Mulde des Vergasungskanals befindet sich eine Transportspirale 9. Diese Transportspirale befördert das vorpyrolysierte Material vom Füllschacht 6, zum Ascheaustragsstutzen 11. An verschiedenen Punkten 24 wird vorgeheizte Vergasungsluft zugeführt, so dass auf dem Wege vom Füllschacht 6, zum Ascheaustrag 11, das gesamte Material vergast wird und am Ende des Vergasungskanals, ausgegastes Material in Form von Asche anfällt. Train 2: There is a transport spiral 9 in the depression of the gasification channel . This transport spiral transports the pre-pyrolyzed material from the filling shaft 6 to the ash discharge nozzle 11. At various points 24 , preheated gasification air is supplied so that on the way from the filling shaft 6 to the ash discharge 11 . the entire material is gasified and at the end of the gasification duct, outgassed material is produced in the form of ash.

Zug 3: Am Ende des Vergasungskanal sammelt sich das Gas und strömt in das Heissgasrohr 12. In diesem Rohr gelangt das Gas unter Sauerstoffausschluss zum Gasschacht 13 und strömt über das Standrohr 14, in die Koksschnecke. Wie aus der Fig. 3, Pos. 12 zu erkennen ist, wird eine kurze Spirale, die sich in dem Heissgasrohr befindet, über den gleichen Kettentrieb angetrieben. Diese kurze Spirale hat die Aufgabe, die von dem Gas mitgerissenen Staubpartikel oder Schwebstoffe, wieder zurück zu transportieren und gleichzeitig soll durch die Form der Spirale eine Verwirbelung des Gases erzeugt werden. Das Heissgasrohr 12 hat die Aufgabe dem Gas eine längere Verweilzeit zu geben, damit der thermische Umsetzungsprozess unter Zugabe von extern zugeführter Hitze erfolgen kann. Train 3: At the end of the gasification channel, the gas collects and flows into the hot gas pipe 12. In this pipe, the gas reaches the gas shaft 13 in the absence of oxygen and flows via the stand pipe 14 into the coke screw. As can be seen from FIG. 3 , item 12 , a short spiral, which is located in the hot gas pipe, is driven via the same chain drive. This short spiral has the task of transporting back the dust particles or suspended matter entrained in the gas and at the same time the gas is to be swirled by the shape of the spiral. The hot gas tube 12 has the task of giving the gas a longer dwell time so that the thermal conversion process can be carried out with the addition of externally supplied heat.

Zug 4: Das Gas strömt aus dem Heissgasrohr 12, in den Gasschacht 13 und anschliessend durch das Standrohr 14, in die Koksschnecke. In dieser Koksschnecke, die doppelwandig ist und von aussen durch die Vergasungsluft gekühlt wird, strömt das Gas vom Eingangsstutzen 14, zum Koksbehälter 16. Innerhalb dieser Koksschnecke wird das Gas im Gegenstromverfahren von dem Koks abgekühlt und gereinigt. Das Gas sammelt sich dann im Koksbehälter 16 und wird von dem Saugzug 17 abgesaugt und zur Verwendungsstelle geblasen. Train 4: The gas flows from the hot gas pipe 12 , into the gas shaft 13 and then through the standpipe 14, into the coke screw. In this coke screw, which is double-walled and is cooled from the outside by the gasification air, the gas flows from the inlet connection 14 to the coke tank 16. Within this coke screw, the gas is cooled and cleaned by the coke in a countercurrent process. The gas then collects in the coke container 16 and is sucked off by the suction draft 17 and blown to the point of use.

Funktionsbeschreibungfunction Description

Mittels eines Zündbrenners 7, wird der Vergasungskanal auf ca. 200° Celsius aufgeheizt. Danach wird Industriekoks durch die Koksschnecke 15, in den Füllschacht 6 eingegeben. Dabei wird von der Koksschnecke 15, angetrieben durch den Motor 20, die Rückschlagklappe 21 geöffnet. Der eingegebene Koks in Verbindung mit der Hitze des Zündbrenners, erzeugt schnell eine Prozesstemperatur von über 500° Celsius. Nach erreichen dieser Temperatur wird kontinuierlich Vergasungsmaterial durch die Materialschnecke 5, angetrieben durch den Motor 4, dem Füllschacht 6 zugegeben. Die gesamte Anlage wird bis zum erreichen der Vergasungstemperatur von ca. 1000° Celsius mit Sauerstoffüberschuss gefahren. Diese Steuerung erfolgt über den Seitenkanalverdichter 22. The gasification duct is heated to approximately 200 ° Celsius by means of a pilot burner 7 . Then industrial coke is fed through the coke screw 15 into the filling shaft 6 . The check valve 21 is opened by the coke screw 15 , driven by the motor 20 . The coke entered in connection with the heat of the pilot burner quickly generates a process temperature of over 500 ° Celsius. After this temperature has been reached, gasification material is continuously added to the filling shaft 6 by the material screw 5 , driven by the motor 4 . The entire system is operated with an excess of oxygen until the gasification temperature of approx. 1000 ° Celsius is reached. This control takes place via the side channel compressor 22.

Der Seitenkanalverdichter 22, saugt die Raumluft oder mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft an und drückt diese in das Rohrleitungssystem 23. Die Luft gelangt in den Spalt der sich in der doppelwandigen Koksschnecke 15 befindet und durchströmt diesen Spalt, der mit spitalförmigen Luftleitblechen versehen ist bis zum Ausgangspunkt 23. Damit wird erreicht, dass der Koks der zur Abkühlung des Gases dienen soll, von aussen gekühlt wird um gleichzeitig eine heisse Vergasungsluft zu erreichen. Nach dem Austritt der heissen Vergasungsluft aus dem Ringspalt der Koksschnecke, wird die heisse Luft in einer isolierten Rohrleitung 23, zu den einzelnen Einblasstellen geleitet.The side channel compressor 22 sucks in the room air or oxygen-enriched air and presses it into the piping system 23 . The air enters the gap in the double-walled coke screw 15 and flows through this gap, which is provided with hospital-shaped air baffles, up to the starting point 23. This ensures that the coke, which is intended to cool the gas, is cooled from the outside to reach a hot gasification air at the same time. After the hot gasification air has escaped from the annular gap of the coke screw, the hot air is conducted in an insulated pipe 23 to the individual injection points.

Diese Einblasstellen sind im einzelnen:

  • a) Der Zündbrenner 7, der ständig mit heisser Luft versorgt wird, auch wenn die Gaszufuhr zum Brenner abgeschaltet wird, bekommt der Brenner die heisse Luft zugeführt, damit zum einen, stirnseitlich Vergasungsluft in den Vergaserkanal eingeblasen wird und zum andern wird verhindert, dass sich Staubpartikel im Mundstück des Zündbrenners ablagern können.
  • b) Der Brennerkasten 25 wird auch ständig mit Vergasungsluft versorgt, da von dem Brennerkasten aus, mehrere kleine Lusteintrittsöffnungen im unteren Bereich des Vergaserkanals vorhanden sind. Es ist wichtig, dass das eingeführte glühende Material von unten mit dem Sauerstoff der Luft versorgt wird, damit hier eine möglichst hohe Temperatur erhalten bleibt.
  • c) Das Schauglasrohr 8 wird ebenfalls ständig mit Vergasungsluft versorgt, damit das Quarzglas durch den Luftschleier thermisch geschützt wird und gleichzeitig das Glas von unten sauber bleibt.
  • d) Die Einblasdüsen 24 haben ein vorgeschaltestes stufenloses regelbares Kugelventil 28, in dem die heisse Vergaserluft die durch die Rohrleitung 23 zugeführt wird geregelt wird. Die Regelung erfolgt über ein Thermoelement 26, mit dem die obere heisse Temperatur im Vergaserkanäl gemessen wird. Diese Messdaten werden an die SPS - Steuerung 27 weitergegeben, die dann das Regelventil 28 entsprechend steuert. Die Aufgabe der Steuerung besteht darin, in den einzelnen Zonen eine konstante gleichmässige Vergasungstemperatur zu erhalten.
  • e) Damit vermieden wird, dass Gase durch die Materialschnecke 5,in den Materialvorratsbehälter 3 strömen, wird auch heisse Vergasungsluft über die Rohrleitung 23, in den Materialvorratsbehälter 3 eingeblasen. Hierdurch wird ein geringer Überdruck im Materialbehälter erzeugt, so dass ein zurückströmen der Gase vermieden wird.
    • The blowing points are:
  • a) The pilot burner 7 , which is constantly supplied with hot air, even if the gas supply to the burner is switched off, the burner receives the hot air so that, on the one hand, gasification air is blown into the gasification duct on the face side and on the other hand it is prevented that Can deposit dust particles in the mouthpiece of the pilot burner.
  • b) The burner box 25 is also constantly supplied with gasification air, since from the burner box there are several small air inlet openings in the lower area of the gasification channel. It is important that the introduced glowing material is supplied with the oxygen in the air from below so that the highest possible temperature is maintained here.
  • c) The sight glass tube 8 is also constantly supplied with gasification air so that the quartz glass is thermally protected by the air curtain and at the same time the glass remains clean from below.
  • d) The injection nozzles 24 have an upstream steplessly adjustable ball valve 28, in which the hot carburetor air which is supplied through the pipeline 23 is regulated. The regulation takes place via a thermocouple 26 with which the upper hot temperature in the carburetor channel is measured. These measurement data are forwarded to the PLC control 27 , which then controls the control valve 28 accordingly. The task of the controller is to maintain a constant, uniform gasification temperature in the individual zones.
  • e) In order to prevent gases from flowing through the material screw 5 into the material storage container 3 , hot gasification air is also blown into the material storage container 3 via the pipeline 23 . As a result, a slight excess pressure is generated in the material container, so that a backflow of the gases is avoided.

    • Aufgabe der Erfindung ist ein vollautomatischer Betrieb des Vierzug-Vergasers. Um dies zu erreichen ist im Materialvorratsbehälter ein Füllstandsmelder 1 eingebaut. Bei Materialmangel wird eine Transportschnecke geschaltet, die über das geöffnete Quetschventil 2, Material in den Behälter 3 fördert. Die Materialmenge wird vom stufenlos, regelbaren Antriebsmotor 4 bestimmt.The object of the invention is a fully automatic operation of the four-pass carburetor. In order to achieve this, a level indicator 1 is installed in the material storage container. In the event of a material shortage, a transport screw is switched which conveys material into the container 3 via the opened pinch valve 2 . The amount of material is determined by the continuously variable drive motor 4 .

    Der Antriebsmotor 20 für die Koksschnecke läuft nur in Intervallen, um in Takten beladenen heissen Koks durch die Rückschlagklappe 21, in den Füllschacht 6 zu transportieren. Die Intervalle für die Taktzeiten der Koksschnecke richten sich nach der Ausströmtemperatur des Gases aus dem Koksbehälters 16. Auch in diesem Behälter ist ein Füllstandsmelder eingebaut der bei Bedarf die Transportschnecke für den Koks ansteuert und gleichzeitig wird das Quetschventil 19 geöffnet.The drive motor 20 for the coke screw runs only at intervals in order to transport hot coke loaded in cycles through the non-return flap 21 into the filling shaft 6 . The intervals for the cycle times of the coke screw depend on the outflow temperature of the gas from the coke container 16. Also in this container, a level indicator is installed which controls the transport screw for the coke when necessary and at the same time the pinch valve 19 is opened.

    Da in dem gesamten Vierzug-Vergaser hohe Temperaturen bis 1000° Celsius herrschen, ist der gesamte Vergasungskanal mit einer hochwertigen Isolierung 29 ummantelt. Die gesamte Vergasereinheit kann auf einem Grundrahmen montiert werden und bildet durch Ihre schmale, lange und niedrige Form eine günstige Aufstellungsmöglichkeit in Räumen. Since the entire four-pass carburetor has high temperatures of up to 1000 ° Celsius, the entire gasification duct is covered with high-quality insulation 29 . The entire carburettor unit can be mounted on a base frame and, thanks to its narrow, long and low shape, forms an inexpensive installation option in rooms.

    Aufstellung der PositionenList of positions

  • 1) Füllstandsmelder Material1) Level indicator material
  • 2) Quetschventil Material2) Pinch valve material
  • 3) Spänebehälter3) Chip container
  • 4) Späneschneckenantrieb4) Chip worm drive
  • 5) Späneschnecke5) Chip auger
  • 6) Füllschacht6) Fill shaft
  • 7) Zündbrenner7) pilot burner
  • 8) Schauglas8) Sight glass
  • 9) Material - Spirale9) Material - spiral
  • 10 Antrieb - Spirale10 Drive - spiral
  • 11) Ascheaustragung11) Ash removal
  • 12) Heissgasrohr12) Hot gas pipe
  • 13) Gasschacht13) Gas shaft
  • 14) Einlass Koksschnecke14) Coke screw inlet
  • 15) Koksschnecke doppelwandig15) Double-walled coke screw
  • 16) Koksbehälter16) Coke container
  • 17) Gas Saugzug17) Gas suction
  • 18) Füllstandsmelder Koks18) Coke level indicator
  • 19) Quetschventil Koks19) Coke pinch valve
  • 20) Antrieb Koksschnecke20) Drive coke screw
  • 21) Rückschlagklappe Koks21) Coke check valve
  • 22) SKV - Vergaserluft22) SKV - carburetor air
  • 23) Vergasungsluft - Rohrleitung23) Gasification air pipeline
  • 24) Luftdüsen geregelt24) Air nozzles regulated
  • 25) Brennerkasten25) Burner box
  • 26) Thermoelemente26) Thermocouples
  • 27) SPS - Steuerung27) PLC control
  • 28) Regel - Kugelventile28) Control ball valves
  • 29) Isolierung - H. Temperatur29) Insulation - H. temperature

    • Claims (9)

    Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Gases aus Biomasse oder ähnlichen Material. Dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material durch eine innenliegende Schnecke vorpyrolisiert wird.Device for generating a gas from biomass or similar material. Characterized in that the material is pre-pyrolyzed by an internal screw. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vorpyrolysierte Material in einem mindestens 6,00 m langen Vergasungskanal mittels einer Spirale vom Einfüllschacht bis zur Ascheaustragung mechanisch transportiert wird.A method according to claim 1), characterized in that the pre-pyrolyzed material is mechanically transported in a gasification channel at least 6.00 m long by means of a spiral from the feed chute to the ash discharge. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erzeugten Gase in einem ebenfalls innenliegenden Heissgasrohr, durch die von aussen extern zugeführte Hitze nachvergast werden und dadurch eine längere Verweilzeit erhalten.A method according to claim 2), characterized in that the gases generated in a likewise internal hot gas pipe, are re-gasified by the heat externally supplied and thereby have a longer residence time. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gase durch einen Gaskanal, der doppelwandigen Koksschnecke zugeführt und im Gegenstromverfahren durch den Koks abgekühlt und gereinigt werden.Method according to claim 3), characterized in that the gases are fed through a gas channel to the double-walled coke screw and are cooled and cleaned by the coke in a countercurrent process. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erhitzte und belastete Industriekoks, in Intervallen dem Vergaser wieder zugeführt wird.A method according to claim 4), characterized in that the heated and loaded industrial coke is fed back to the carburetor at intervals. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verbrauchte Koksmenge, automatisch in den Vorratsbehälter wieder nachgefüllt wird. A method according to claim 5) characterized in that the amount of coke used is automatically refilled in the storage container. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatursteuerung in dem Vergaser durch Thermoelemente und stufenlos regelbare Kugelventile von einer SPS - Steuerung automatisch geregelt wird.Method according to claim 6), characterized in that the temperature control in the carburetor is regulated automatically by a PLC control by means of thermocouples and continuously variable ball valves. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Ende des Heissgasrohres eine angetriebene Spirale vorhanden ist, die eventuelle Ablagerungen die im Heissgas auftreten können, wieder zum Ausgang zurücktransportiert. Gleichzeitig werden die Gase in eine Wirbelströmungversetzt.Method according to claim 7), characterized in that at the end of the hot gas pipe there is a driven spiral which transports any deposits which can occur in the hot gas back to the exit. At the same time, the gases are swirled. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich in dem Ringspalt der doppelwandigen Koksschnecke Luftleitbleche befinden, die erreichen, dass sich die Vergasungsluft umlaufend um die innenliegende Koksschnecke bewegt und daher einen längeren Weg für die Kühlung und gleichzeitige Aufheizung der Vergasungsluft erreicht wird.A method according to claim 8), characterized in that there are air baffles in the annular gap of the double-walled coke screw, which ensure that the gasification air circulates around the internal coke screw and therefore a longer path for cooling and simultaneous heating of the gasification air is achieved.
    EP03002689.2A 2003-02-12 2003-02-12 Gasification with biomass pre pyrolysis and further gasification of the gases Expired - Lifetime EP1447438B1 (en)

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    Cited By (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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    DE102006019452A1 (en) * 2006-04-24 2007-10-25 Rew Regenerative Energie Wirtschaftssysteme Gmbh biomass gasifier
    EP1865045A1 (en) * 2006-06-07 2007-12-12 ILW - Ingeneurbüro Steam reformer for biomasse
    WO2011101020A1 (en) * 2010-02-16 2011-08-25 Gim Holding Bv Method and device for obtaining combustible fuels and gases from organic materials
    EP2769148A4 (en) * 2011-10-21 2015-11-04 Therma Flite Inc Gasifying system and method, and waste-treatment system and method including the same
    CN115247084A (en) * 2022-07-07 2022-10-28 重庆科技学院 High-quality synthesis gas preparation system based on biomass self-heating source pyrolysis gasification
    DE102022001817A1 (en) 2022-05-24 2023-11-30 Biomass-to-hydrogen GmbH Process for obtaining synthesis gas from carbon-containing residues in a reactor with a helical flow

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    WO2001068789A1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-20 Cowi Rådgivende Ingeniører As A method and a system for decomposition of moist fuel or other carbonaceous materials
    EP1323810A1 (en) 2001-12-12 2003-07-02 von Görtz & Finger Techn. Entwicklungs Ges.m.b.H. Tube-in-tube gasifier

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    WO1996032163A1 (en) 1995-04-11 1996-10-17 Moraski Dennis P Biomass solids gasification system and process
    US6024032A (en) * 1995-10-26 2000-02-15 Compact Power Limited Production of heat energy from solid carbonaceous fuels
    WO2001068789A1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-20 Cowi Rådgivende Ingeniører As A method and a system for decomposition of moist fuel or other carbonaceous materials
    EP1323810A1 (en) 2001-12-12 2003-07-02 von Görtz & Finger Techn. Entwicklungs Ges.m.b.H. Tube-in-tube gasifier

    Cited By (10)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE102006019452A1 (en) * 2006-04-24 2007-10-25 Rew Regenerative Energie Wirtschaftssysteme Gmbh biomass gasifier
    WO2007121733A3 (en) * 2006-04-24 2007-12-06 Dieter Schillingmann Biomass gasifier and method for the allothermic gasification of biomass
    DE102006019452B4 (en) * 2006-04-24 2008-05-08 Rew Regenerative Energie Wirtschaftssysteme Gmbh biomass gasifier
    EP1865045A1 (en) * 2006-06-07 2007-12-12 ILW - Ingeneurbüro Steam reformer for biomasse
    WO2011101020A1 (en) * 2010-02-16 2011-08-25 Gim Holding Bv Method and device for obtaining combustible fuels and gases from organic materials
    EP2769148A4 (en) * 2011-10-21 2015-11-04 Therma Flite Inc Gasifying system and method, and waste-treatment system and method including the same
    US9446975B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2016-09-20 Therma-Flite, Inc. Gasifying system and method
    DE102022001817A1 (en) 2022-05-24 2023-11-30 Biomass-to-hydrogen GmbH Process for obtaining synthesis gas from carbon-containing residues in a reactor with a helical flow
    CN115247084A (en) * 2022-07-07 2022-10-28 重庆科技学院 High-quality synthesis gas preparation system based on biomass self-heating source pyrolysis gasification
    CN115247084B (en) * 2022-07-07 2023-11-03 重庆科技学院 High-quality syngas preparation system based on biomass autothermal source pyrolysis and gasification

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