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EP1393002B1 - Procede et dispositif pour la combustion non catalytique peu polluante d'un combustible liquide - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour la combustion non catalytique peu polluante d'un combustible liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1393002B1
EP1393002B1 EP02745348A EP02745348A EP1393002B1 EP 1393002 B1 EP1393002 B1 EP 1393002B1 EP 02745348 A EP02745348 A EP 02745348A EP 02745348 A EP02745348 A EP 02745348A EP 1393002 B1 EP1393002 B1 EP 1393002B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing zone
combustion
mixture
fuel
oxidizing agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02745348A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1393002A1 (fr
Inventor
Miroslaw Weclas
Jochen Volkert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GVP Gesellschaft zur Vermarktung der Porenbrennertechnik mbH
Original Assignee
GVP Gesellschaft zur Vermarktung der Porenbrennertechnik mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GVP Gesellschaft zur Vermarktung der Porenbrennertechnik mbH filed Critical GVP Gesellschaft zur Vermarktung der Porenbrennertechnik mbH
Publication of EP1393002A1 publication Critical patent/EP1393002A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1393002B1 publication Critical patent/EP1393002B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/006—Flameless combustion stabilised within a bed of porous heat-resistant material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/30—Premixing fluegas with combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/10—Flame flashback

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for low-emission non-catalytic combustion of a liquid fuel.
  • a burner is known from DE 43 22 109 A, in which an ignitable gas / air mixture is passed into a chamber upstream of a porous body.
  • the porosity of the pore body is designed so that a flashback of a flame in the chamber is not possible.
  • it can not be ruled out that, for another reason, an ignition in the chamber and thus the destruction of the burner occur.
  • DE 195 44 417 A1 describes a catalytic burner for combustion of fuel gas, in particular of hydrogen.
  • the fuel gas and the air are introduced separately into a porous catalyst element.
  • the mixture and the combustion take place simultaneously in the catalyst element. In places, no homogeneous mixture between the fuel gas and the air is achieved. The combustion is not always complete.
  • DE 196 46 957 A1 describes a further burner according to the preamble of claim 12, which is suitable for the combustion of liquid fuel.
  • an existing of atomized liquid fuel and air mixture is passed into a porous body.
  • the porosity in its porosity is such that combustion of the mixture can take place therein.
  • the mixture passes through a flame arrester into a further downstream pore body with a Peclet number of> 65 and is burned there.
  • the known burner has a relatively low power dynamics, i. It can only be modulated in a narrow power range.
  • high temperatures occur at the nozzle exit of the atomizing nozzle. There form deposits there, which counteract a uniform atomization of the liquid fuel. This in turn is detrimental to a low-emission combustion possible.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a method and a device are to be specified, which enable as far as possible residue-free combustion in a wide power range.
  • the aim of the invention is in particular to provide a highly modulated burner, which enables a particularly low-pollution combustion in each power range.
  • the evaporation of the liquid fuel in the mixing zone makes it possible to produce particularly compact burners. In this case, it is ensured that the fuel produced by evaporation comes into contact with the oxidizing gas only in the mixing zone, so that only there an ignitable mixture can form.
  • the proposed methods allow a low-residue combustion in a wide power range.
  • the separate introduction of the fuel and the gaseous oxidant in a mixing zone allows separate control and regulation of the mass flow of both the gas and the gaseous oxidant. This can be set in any desired power range, a mixture that allows low-emission combustion.
  • fuel in the present case liquid fuel, such as light fuel oil and the like., But also vaporized liquid fuels, such as alcohol, gasoline or Schuöldämpfe understood.
  • the term “fuel” also means mixtures of combustible and non-combustible gases or non-combustible gases and combustible vapors.
  • the mixing zone is formed so that combustion even when reaching the ignition temperature of the mixture within the mixing zone is not possible, the method is particularly safe. Even with damage to the combustion zone, e.g. fulfilling pore body is avoided by the mixing zone a flashback in a fuel feeding line.
  • the mixing zone is spatially well defined. Thus, a homogeneous and complete mixture of the mixture can be achieved. - Both solutions according to the invention have in common that first formed in the mixing zone, the mixture and then the mixture is burned in the remote from the mixing zone combustion zone. There is no simultaneous mixing and combustion in the same zone.
  • the mixing zone expediently has a Peclet number of less than 65 +/- 25, preferably 65, on. Because of the definition of the Peclet number and the criteria for the selection of a suitable Peclet number, reference is made to DE 43 22 109 A1. The proposed method is particularly safe. By the separate and direct introduction of the fuel and the gaseous oxidant in the mixing zone ignition of the same is avoided until complete formation of the mixture.
  • the mixing zone can be formed from a perforated plate, a first porous element or even a narrow gap. It has proved to be advantageous for the mixture to be conducted into a second porous element forming the combustion zone and burned into its pore space to form a flame. Such combustion is particularly homogeneous and low in pollutants.
  • the perforated plate and / or the first and / or the second porous element may be made of a ceramic. However, the first and / or second porous element may also be formed from an open-pore metal foam, metal mesh or a bed of ceramic bodies, preferably spheres.
  • the first and the second porous element can be arranged directly adjacent to each other. In this case, direct heat conduction from the second porous element to the first porous element is possible. The resulting heating of the first porous element further contributes to the formation of a particularly homogeneous mixture.
  • a non-oxidizing gas can be added.
  • the ignitability of the evaporated fuel can be reduced.
  • the mass flow of the fuel passed to the mixing zone and / or the mass flow of the gaseous oxidizing agent are expediently controlled.
  • Each of the two mass flows can be controlled separately or controlled as a function of a given power or a given pollutant emissions.
  • Such a control can be automated using microprocessors according to a predetermined program.
  • the fuel and / or the gaseous oxidizing agent preheated.
  • exhaust gas formed during combustion can be added to the vaporized fuel and / or the gaseous oxidant.
  • the pollutant emissions can be further reduced.
  • it can do that the performance of a burner operating according to the proposed method can be increased.
  • a low-pollutant non-catalytic combustion liquid fuel combustion system having a mixing zone and a combustion zone downstream of the mixing zone, with means being connected to the mixing zone for separately introducing the liquid or vaporized fuel in a non-combustible state and a means for separately introducing a gaseous oxidant, and wherein the mixing zone is formed so that combustion is not possible even when the ignition temperature of the mixture within the mixing zone is reached.
  • the proposed device has an extremely high power dynamics. It can e.g. the power can be varied in the range of 1 kW to 20 kW.
  • a mixer is here e.g. formed from a porous ceramic having a Peclet number of less than 65.
  • the mixer is open to a combustion zone.
  • the mixer is surrounded on all sides by a gas-tight housing.
  • the housing abuts directly against the surface of the porous ceramic.
  • a fan may be turned on.
  • the fuel can be expanded into the mixer immediately from the liquid state. It is also possible to supply a mixture formed from the fuel and a non-flammable gas to the mixer. In the mixer, an ignitable mixture is formed from the fuel and the gaseous oxidizing agent. Combustion of the ignitable mixture in the mixer is due to the selected porosity, i. a Peclet number of less than 65, not possible. The mixture exits the mixer and is burned in the downstream combustion zone.
  • the mass flow of both the gaseous oxidant and the fuel can be regulated separately.
  • the performance of the burner can be modulated in a wide range become. It can also be achieved a low-emission combustion in each selected power range.
  • Fig. 2 shows a burner according to Fig. 1.
  • the fuel is produced here by means for evaporating fuel oil. It is formed from a non-flammable oil vapor.
  • the air ratio ⁇ or oil vapor is chosen so that an ignitability is not given.
  • the heating oil used here can be mixed with preheated oil fuel oil E and the evaporation can be accelerated.
  • the heating oil used can also be preheated, for example, by electrical energy or by the waste heat of the exhaust gases formed during combustion.
  • the gaseous oxidizing agent used for example air, can be preheated with air preheated either electrically or by exhaust gas waste heat. It is also possible to mix both the liquid fuel used and the gaseous oxidizing agent with exhaust gas and feed it to the mixer.
  • Fig. 3 shows a third variant of a device according to the invention.
  • a device for the evaporation of liquid fuel directly coupled to the mixer.
  • Liquid fuel eg light fuel oil
  • the further porous element is heated by the waste heat of combustion.
  • the liquid fuel is vaporized in the further porous element.
  • the formed gas enters the downstream downstream mixer.
  • gaseous oxidizing agent passes into the mixer, which is led separately through the device for evaporation.
  • the mixture forms only in the mixer.
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth variant of a device according to the invention.
  • the device is similar to the device shown in FIG. It is recirculated exhaust gas here.
  • the recirculated exhaust gas is used for the evaporation of the liquid fuel and the mixture of the steam formed thereby and for preheating and mixing of the gaseous oxidant.
  • Fig. 5 shows a fifth variant of a device according to the invention.
  • liquid fuel e.g. Fuel oil
  • the resulting vapor passes into a narrow gap where it is mixed with supplied gaseous oxidizing agent or air.
  • the gap width is chosen so that ignition within the gap can not take place.
  • the formed premix then passes into the mixer, which in turn may be formed of a porous element having a Peclet number of less than 65. Downstream of the mixer, a combustion zone is again provided, in which the homogeneous mixture emerging from the mixer is burnt.
  • Fig. 6 shows a sixth device according to the invention.
  • gaseous oxidizing agent e.g. Air
  • non-flammable vapor directed separately to a perforated plate.
  • the nozzles of the fuel and gaseous oxidant supply lines are arranged so that ignition can not take place upstream of the mixing zone.
  • the mixing zone itself is in turn designed with respect to their hole diameter so that therein ignition of the mixture formed also can not take place.
  • the mixture is burned in a combustion zone downstream of the mixing zones.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Procédé pour la combustion non catalytique peu polluante d'un combustible liquide, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    1.1 introduction distincte, dans une zone de mélange, du combustible liquide à l'état non inflammable,
    1.2 vaporisation du combustible liquide dans la zone de mélange,
    1.3 introduction distincte, dans la zone de mélange, d'un agent gazeux d'oxydation,
    1.4 mélange du combustible et de l'agent gazeux d'oxydation, dans la zone de mélange, de manière qu'il se forme un mélange inflammable, ladite zone de mélange étant réalisée de telle sorte qu'une combustion soit impossible, également lorsque la température d'inflammation du mélange est atteinte à l'intérieur de ladite zone de mélange, et
    1.5 combustion du mélange dans une zone de combustion implantée en aval de la zone de mélange.
  2. Procédé pour la combustion non catalytique peu polluante d'un combustible liquide, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    2.1 vaporisation du combustible liquide dans un évaporateur,
    2.2 introduction distincte du combustible vaporisé, à l'état non inflammable, dans une zone de mélange implantée en aval dudit évaporateur,
    2.3 introduction distincte, dans la zone de mélange, d'un agent gazeux d'oxydation,
    2.4 mélange du combustible et de l'agent gazeux d'oxydation, dans la zone de mélange, de manière qu'il se forme un mélange inflammable, ladite zone de mélange étant réalisée de telle sorte qu'une combustion soit impossible, également lorsque la température d'inflammation du mélange est atteinte à l'intérieur de ladite zone de mélange, et
    2.5 combustion du mélange dans une zone de combustion implantée en aval de la zone de mélange.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la zone de mélange présente un nombre de Péclet inférieur à 65.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la zone de mélange est formée d'une plaque perforée, d'un premier élément poreux ou d'un étroit interstice.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le mélange est inséré dans un second élément poreux matérialisant la zone de combustion, puis est brûlé dans l'espace poreux dudit élément, avec formation d'une flamme.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les premier et second éléments poreux sont agencés en juxtaposition directe.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la plaque perforée et/ou le premier et/ou le second élément poreux est (sont) fabriqué(e)(s) en une céramique.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes 2 à 7, dans lequel un gaz non oxydant est ajouté au cours de la vaporisation dans l'évaporateur.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le débit massique du combustible dirigé vers la zone de mélange, et/ou le débit massique de l'agent gazeux d'oxydation, est (sont) commandé(s).
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le combustible et/ou l'agent gazeux d'oxydation est (sont) préchauffé(s).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel des gaz d'échappement générés lors de la combustion sont ajoutés au combustible vaporisé et/ou à l'agent gazeux d'oxydation, en vue du préchauffage.
  12. Dispositif pour la combustion non catalytique peu polluante d'un combustible liquide, comprenant une zone de mélange et une zone de combustion implantée en aval de ladite zone de mélange, sachant qu'un moyen d'introduction distincte du combustible liquide ou vaporisé, à l'état non inflammable, et un moyen d'introduction distincte d'un agent gazeux d'oxydation, sont reliés à la zone de mélange, caractérisé par le fait que ladite zone de mélange est réalisée de telle sorte qu'une combustion soit impossible, également lorsque la température d'inflammation du mélange est atteinte à l'intérieur de ladite zone de mélange.
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, dans lequel la zone de mélange présente un nombre de Péclet inférieur à 65.
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 12 ou 13, dans lequel la zone de mélange est formée d'une plaque perforée, d'un premier élément poreux ou d'un étroit interstice.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 12 à 14, dans lequel la zone de combustion est formée d'un second élément poreux autorisant une combustion du mélange.
  16. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 12 à 15, dans lequel la plaque perforée et/ou le premier et/ou le second élément poreux est (sont) fabriqué(e)(s) en une céramique.
  17. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 12 à 16, dans lequel les premier et second éléments poreux sont agencés en juxtaposition directe.
  18. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 12 à 17, dans lequel un système de vaporisation du combustible liquide est prévu en amont de la zone de mélange.
  19. Dispositif selon la revendication 18, dans lequel un système d'adjonction d'un gaz supplémentaire non oxydant est relié au système de vaporisation.
  20. Dispositif selon la revendication 18 ou 19, dans lequel le système de vaporisation du combustible liquide fait partie intégrante de la zone de mélange.
  21. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 12 à 20, dans lequel des moyens sont prévus pour commander le débit massique du gaz dirigé vers la zone de mélange, et/ou le débit massique de l'agent gazeux d'oxydation dirigé vers ladite zone de mélange.
  22. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 12 à 21, dans lequel est (sont) prévu(s) un système de préchauffage du gaz, et/ou un système de préchauffage de l'agent gazeux d'oxydation.
  23. Dispositif selon la revendication 22, dans lequel un système d'adjonction de gaz d'échappement est prévu pour préchauffer le gaz et/ou l'agent gazeux d'oxydation.
EP02745348A 2001-06-02 2002-06-03 Procede et dispositif pour la combustion non catalytique peu polluante d'un combustible liquide Expired - Lifetime EP1393002B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10127043 2001-06-02
DE10127043 2001-06-02
PCT/EP2002/006063 WO2002099334A1 (fr) 2001-06-02 2002-06-03 Procede et dispositif pour la combustion non catalytique peu polluante d'un combustible liquide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1393002A1 EP1393002A1 (fr) 2004-03-03
EP1393002B1 true EP1393002B1 (fr) 2006-03-08

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Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6932594B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1393002B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100476294C (fr)
AT (1) ATE319964T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2449205C (fr)
DE (1) DE50206026D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2260452T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL200171B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002099334A1 (fr)

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DE102014103817B4 (de) 2014-03-20 2018-07-19 Webasto SE Verdampferbrenner für ein mobiles, mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät
DE102014103815B4 (de) * 2014-03-20 2018-07-19 Webasto SE Verdampferbrenner
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DE102014103813A1 (de) 2014-03-20 2015-09-24 Webasto SE Verdampferbrenneranordnung für ein mobiles, mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1393002A1 (fr) 2004-03-03
CN1539069A (zh) 2004-10-20
ATE319964T1 (de) 2006-03-15
PL200171B1 (pl) 2008-12-31
CA2449205A1 (fr) 2002-12-12
PL364362A1 (en) 2004-12-13
CN100476294C (zh) 2009-04-08
DE50206026D1 (de) 2006-05-04
US20040170936A1 (en) 2004-09-02
WO2002099334A1 (fr) 2002-12-12
US6932594B2 (en) 2005-08-23
ES2260452T3 (es) 2006-11-01
CA2449205C (fr) 2010-05-18

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