EP1379687A2 - Detection of rare candida species - Google Patents
Detection of rare candida speciesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1379687A2 EP1379687A2 EP01992792A EP01992792A EP1379687A2 EP 1379687 A2 EP1379687 A2 EP 1379687A2 EP 01992792 A EP01992792 A EP 01992792A EP 01992792 A EP01992792 A EP 01992792A EP 1379687 A2 EP1379687 A2 EP 1379687A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- seq
- sequence
- binds
- nucleic acid
- dna
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
- C12Q1/6895—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for plants, fungi or algae
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule, a kit containing the nucleic acid molecule, the use of the nucleic acid molecule for. Detection of fungi or for determining the sequence of ribosomal fungal genes, a method for the detection of fungi in clinical material and a kit for carrying out this method.
- Nucleic acid molecules which are used for the detection of fungi or for the sequence determination of ribosomal fungal genes, as well as methods for the detection of fungi in clinical material are known from various publications.
- the problem of fungal infections has grown considerably over the past 20 years. This is primarily due to the increase in patients with weakened immune systems, intensive immunosuppressive chemotherapy, the increasing use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and central venous catheters.
- Important mycoses, ie infectious diseases caused by fungi are, for example, Candida mycosis, Aspergillus mycosis or Mucor mycosis.
- Candida mycosis is a life-threatening infection in immunocompressed hosts, e.g. Bone marrow or organ transplant recipients, in patients with extensive chemotherapy and in AIDS patients.
- systemic Candida infections are observed in patients after extensive surgical interventions or after burns, with intensive antibiotic therapy, indwelling catheters, patients with diabetes mellitus and in older patients; see Wenzel, R.P., 1995, "Nosocomial candidemia: risk factors and attributable mortality", Clin. Infect. Dis. 20: 1531-1534 and Dean, D.A., Burckard, K.W., 1996, "Fungal infection in surgical patients", Am. J. Surg. 171: 374-382.
- Aspergillosis is an infectious disease caused by the genus Aspergillus, which mainly leads to diseases of the respiratory system, but also of the skin and other organs.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- nucleic acids are known from DE 195 30 332 C2, DE 195 30 33 C2 and DE 195 30 336 C2, by means of which PCR-based detection of fungal DNA of different fungal species is possible.
- two nucleic acid molecules are described which have the sequences SEQ ID Nos.
- DE 196 35 347 C1 discloses the nucleotide sequences of four further hybridization probes with which the species-specific detection of the fungal DNA of Pneumocystis karnii, Malassezia for (SEQ ID No. 18 from the sequence listing enclosed here), Tric osporum cuaneum / Tri ⁇ osporum capitatum (SEQ ID No. 19 from the sequence listing enclosed here) as well as from Fusarium solani / Fusarium oxysporum.
- Candida albicans Candida tropicalis
- Candida parapsilosis Candida glabrata
- Candida krusei Candida guillermondii
- Candida kefyr Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus versicolor.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a nucleic acid molecule of the type mentioned at the outset with which the disadvantages mentioned above are avoided.
- nucleic acid molecule mentioned at the outset by having one of the following nucleotide sequences:
- the object underlying the invention is hereby completely achieved.
- the inventors have recognized that the above-mentioned nucleotide sequences, on the one hand, detect fungal DNA from the entire field of fungi, and on the other hand, species-specific detection of fungal DNA, in particular of those species that have so far been relatively insignificant but increasingly important, such as, for example, succeeds certain Candida species.
- the underlying problem is solved according to the invention not only by a nucleic acid molecule with one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 from the enclosed sequence listing, but also by such a nucleic acid molecule which is attached to the same Binds sequences to which the nucleic acid molecule also binds with one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17.
- nucleic acid molecules are hereby recorded in which the sequences listed in the sequence listing are part of a longer sequence. Even if individual nucleotide exchanges are carried out for the sequences listed in the sequence listing, these molecules usually retain. their highly selective affinity for fungal DNA. Consequently, a nucleic acid molecule characterized in this way is also the subject of the present invention.
- a nucleic acid molecule with one of the sequences SEQ ID Nos. 1 to 10 is particularly suitable for the detection of a general one Fungal infection.
- This nucleic acid molecule binds to the 18S rRNA gene, which is highly conserved throughout the mushroom kingdom.
- a database analysis in the Blast Search Program of the National Center for Biotechnology Information showed the comparative sequence analysis of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to 10 homologies to over 500 different fungal species. The inventors conclude from this that the nucleic acid molecule mentioned above can be used to detect fungal DNA from the entire fungal realm.
- this ensures that even previously insignificant or unusual mushroom species are recorded. Due to the binding properties of the above-mentioned nucleic acid molecule even under stringent conditions, this can be e.g. use as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer for the amplification of small amounts of fungal DNA or for sequencing previously unknown 18S rRNA genes of the fungi.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- a nucleic acid molecule with one of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to 10 is therefore particularly suitable for a quick and reliable assessment of a possible general fungal infection on the basis of clinical material, for example blood or tissue samples, regardless of the fungal species causing it.
- nucleic acid molecule with one of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 11 to SEQ ID No. 19 from the enclosed sequence listing is particularly suitable for use as a hybridization probe, for example in the context of a species-specific analysis for the presence of rare Candida species. Based on the above, it is particularly preferred to use the nucleic acid molecule according to the invention for the detection of fungi, preferably in clinical material.
- the detection of fungi takes place via the amplification of a fungus DNA segment by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in which the primers of a PCR primer pair have nucleotide sequences in a combination which is selected from the group: SEQ ID Nos. 1 and 2; SEQ ID Nos. 3 and 4; SEQ ID Nos. 7 and 8; SEQ ID Nos. 9 and 10 from the enclosed sequence listing; two sequences that bind to those sequences to which SEQ ID No. 1 and 2 or SEQ ID 3 and 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 and 8 or SEQ ID No. 9 and 10 also bind.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- segments of fungal DNA which is often only present in small amounts in clinical material are enriched to such an extent that they can be obtained using simple methods, e.g. Ethidium bromide staining after agarose gel electrophoresis can be detected.
- nucleic acid molecules with the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID Nos. 1 to 10 listed in the sequence listing were successfully tested by the inventors as PCR primers, ie their use for the detection of fungi provides reliable results for each of these nucleic acid molecules in a highly specific and sensitive manner.
- PCR primers When used in a PCR, there is no co-amplification of human nucleic acids or of any bacterial or viral nucleic acids that may be present.
- PCR primer pair No. 1 SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 2;
- PCR primer pair No. 2 SEQ ID No. 3 and SEQ ID No. 4;
- PCR primer pair No. 3 SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 6;
- PCR primer pair No. 4 SEQ ID No. 7 and SEQ ID No. 8 or
- PCR primer pair No. 5 SEQ ID No. 9 and SEQ ID No. 10.
- nucleic acid molecules with nucleotide sequences which bind to nucleotide sequences to which one of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to 10 binds can also be used here as a PCR primer pair in a corresponding combination.
- particular consideration is given to those nucleic acid molecules in which one of the sequences listed in the sequence listing is part of a longer sequence, or in which point mutations and / or deletions, substitutions, additions of nucleotides, etc. have occurred in isolated cases compared to the sequences given in the sequence listing to have.
- nucleic acid molecules as PCR primers in the combination given above leads to optimal amplicon sizes and thus ensures the reliable detection of existing fungal DNA.
- a specific / or genus-specific analysis of the fungal DNA is carried out by hybridization with a nucleic acid molecule which has one of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 11 to SEQ ID No. 17 from the enclosed sequence listing or a sequence which binds to such a sequence to which one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 11 to SEQ ID No. 17 also binds.
- the fungal DNA is applied as a mask using a perforated plate a nylon carrier membrane is applied and the membrane is then incubated with the appropriately labeled hybridization probes. After subsequent washing steps under stringent conditions, hybridization to the fungal DNA can be recognized on the basis of an optically detectable signal, visual quantification being facilitated by the sample concentration in a small area.
- a particularly high sensitivity of the detection method can be achieved, ie up to a detection limit of 100 fg fungal DNA in clinical material.
- the detection of Candida DNA is carried out with a nucleic acid molecule which has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 11 from the enclosed sequence listing or a sequence that binds to a sequence to which the sequence SEQ ID No. 11 binds.
- a general Candida infection for example an invasive candidiasis
- a general Candida infection is usually diagnosed in the clinic using methods which involve the cultivation of fungal cells. It is particularly problematic here that a result of such a cultivation approach can only be achieved after several days. After this time, it is often too late for effective treatment for Candida infection.
- Another problem is that Candida As a commensal of human skin, contaminations often lead to cultivation approaches and false-positive results. Even more problematic is the fact that in up to 50 percent of systemic candidiasis cases examined by autopsy, the underlying blood cultures were negative, making this procedure of no diagnostic value. This has led to the widespread opinion among clinicians that invasive Candida infections can generally only be diagnosed via autopsies.
- the above-mentioned preferred variant of the invention also provides a remedy here, since no cross-reaction of the genus-specific Candida hybridization probe with human nucleic acid is observed. Even the use of the two nucleic acid molecules described in DE 195 30 332 C2 as PCR primers does not enable the detection of a general Candida infection, since DNA of the genera Aspergillus is also amplified by these primers. Furthermore, only five different Candida species have been shown to be detected. With the The genus-specific Candida hybridization probe according to the invention thus enables for the first time an early and reliable detection of a general Candida infection.
- the invention relates to the use of a nucleic acid molecule as a hybridization probe which has the following nucleotide sequence:
- nucleic acid molecule for the detection of one of the abovementioned species which has a sequence which binds to a sequence to which one of the sequences SEQ ID NO. 11 to 17 binds from the sequence listing. It is further preferred to use a nucleic acid molecule for sequence determination of ribosomal fungal genes which has one of the following nucleotide sequences:
- the specified nucleic acid molecules can e.g. the nucleotide sequence of previously unknown ribosomal fungal genes can be elucidated as a PCR primer in a combination also given. This is equally due to the ability of the indicated molecules to bind to highly conserved sections of all 18S rRNA fungal genes.
- the present invention also relates to a method for the detection of fungi in clinical material, comprising the steps:
- nucleic acid molecule which has one of the following nucleotide sequences: SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 from the enclosed sequence listing or a sequence which binds to such a sequence to which one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 also binds. Due to the favorable properties of the nucleic acid molecule claimed, such a method can be used to reliably detect and present fungi on the basis of their DNA from a large number of different clinical materials, for example whole blood or tissue samples, for example as a result of a fungal infection.
- the invention further relates to a kit which contains a nucleic acid molecule which has one of the following nucleotide sequences: SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 from the enclosed sequence listing or a sequence which binds to a sequence to which one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 also binds. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a kit for performing the method according to the invention.
- kits has the advantage that possible errors in the implementation of the method or the use according to the invention of the claimed nucleic acid molecule are avoided by compiling all the reagents and / or nucleic acid molecules, reaction containers or parts thereof, detailed user instructions, etc. This takes into account in particular the situation in clinics in which frequently trained personnel are entrusted with the implementation of such procedures.
- a blood sample is taken from patients who are to be examined for a fungal infection.
- the erythrocytes of the whole blood are lysed hypotonic with RCLB buffer (10 mM Tris [pH 7.6], 5 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM NaCl).
- RCLB buffer 10 mM Tris [pH 7.6], 5 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM NaCl.
- WCLB buffer (10 mM Tris [pH 7.6], 10 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaCl, 0.2% SDS, 200 ⁇ g Proteinase K per ml) at 65 ° C for 45 Minutes. This ensures that fungal DNA, which originates from fungal cells located in blood cells, is also detected.
- the samples are pelleted and incubated with 50 mM NaOH at 95 ° C for 10 minutes. This is followed by neutralization with 1 M Tris [pH 7.0], followed by treatment with recombinant Lyticase (Sigma, Deissenhofen, Germany) for 45 minutes at 37 ° C., in a buffer containing 1 U Lyticase per 100 ⁇ l, 50 mM Tris [pH 7.5], 1 mM EDTA and 0.2% ß-mercaptoethanol contains to form spheroplasts. After centrifugation at 5000 g, the supernatant, which contains the human DNA and proteins, is decanted and the pellets are treated with 1 M Tris-EDTA and 10% SDS at 65 ° C.
- Example 1 The samples obtained in Example 1 are checked for the presence of fungal DNA by means of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in which specifically only fungal DNA is amplified.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- the suitable PCR primers are shown in Table I.
- the amplification reactions are carried out in a 50 ⁇ l volume which contains: 10 mM Tris [pH 9.6], 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 200 ⁇ g bovine serum albumin / ml, 0.5 M deoxyribonucleotide trisphosphate, 100 pmol respective primer and 1.5 U Taq polymerase (Amersham, Braunschweig, Germany).
- the extracted DNA from Example 1 (100 ng) is added and 34 cycles of repeated denaturation, primer hybridization and enzymatic chain extension are carried out in a PE 2400 thermocycler (Perkin Elmer, Dreieich, Germany).
- the amplification program has the following profile: 30 seconds at 94 ° C, 1 minute at 62 ° C and 2 minutes at 72 ° C, followed by a cycle of terminal extension at 72 ° C for 5 minutes.
- aliquots of a saline solution and of human fibroblast DNA are prepared and used as a negative control in the amplification reaction.
- each amplification product is electrophoresed over a 2% agarose gel in 1 ⁇ TAE buffer (pH 8.0, 40 mM Tris acetate [pH 7.5], 2 mM sodium EDTA ) separated, followed by an ethidium bromide stain.
- the fluorescent fungal DNA can be displayed on a screen with excitation of the ethidium bromide intercalated into the DNA.
- the five specified PCR primer pairs are therefore suitable for the simple detection of the presence of fungi or fungal DNA, for example in patient blood, regardless of the respective fungal species.
- a slot blot assay is carried out to further determine the fungus species or genus.
- 10 ⁇ l aliquots of each amplicon from Example 2 are pipetted onto Hybond N + nylon membranes (Amersham, Braunschweig, Germany), onto which a slotted perforated plate is placed.
- the table below shows the sequences of the hybridization probes labeled with digoxigenin, the corresponding melting temperatures at which half of the respective nucleic acid molecule is in a solution in the double-stranded form, the other half is in the form of a single-stranded molecule, the respective GC content, ie the Amount of guanine and cytosine residues in the molecule, and the specific washing temperature (see below).
- Each amplicon (example 2) is hybridized with the respective probe for 20 minutes at 42 ° C. This is followed by specific washing steps for twice 7 minutes with washing buffer (100 mM sodium chloride, 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 M EDTA, 1% SDS) at the probe-specific temperatures given above.
- washing buffer 100 mM sodium chloride, 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 M EDTA, 1% SDS
- the washing temperature which is only a few degrees below the T m , and the presence of SDS in the washing buffer only allow specific hybridization reactions. or prevent unspecific attachment of probes.
- hybrids are then incubated for 20 minutes with anti-digoxigenin antibodies, conjugated with alkaline phosphatase (Röche, Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany) and for a further 30 minutes with nitroblue tetrazolium (75 mg / ml in dimethylformamide) and promoter-indoyl phosphate Solution (50 mg / ml in dimethylformamide, Röche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany).
- alkaline phosphatase Röche, Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany
- a subsequent reaction enzymatic cleavage of a chromogenic substrate by the enzyme bound to the antibody forms a colored reaction product which indicates a positive reaction for the particular batch or for the respective amplificate.
- no anti-digoxigenin antibody can be attached to the labeled one Bind probe or is washed away together with it.
- the colored reaction product does not form, which means that the reaction is assessed as negative.
- yeast cultures were obtained from the German Collection of Microorganisms (DMSZ, Braunschweig, Germany):
- Candida albicans (DSM 6569), Candida glabrata (DSM 6425), Candida krusei (DSM 6128), Candida tropicalis (DSM 5991), Candida parapsilosis (DSM 5784), Candida lusitanie (DSM 70102), Candida humicola (DSM 5572), Candida pseudotropicalis (ä Candida kefyr) (ATTC 14438), Candida incosnspicua (DSM 70631), Candida solani (DSM 3315), Candida norvegensis (DSM 70760), Candida utilis (DSM 2361), Saccharomyces cerisiae (DSM 1333), Trichosporon cutaneum (DSM 70698), Malassezia for (DSM 6170), Fusarium solani (DSM 1164) and Aspergillus fumigatus (DSM 790).
- the yeast cells were washed and resuspended in 0.9% sterile sodium chloride solution.
- the yeast cell suspensions were titrated so that final concentrations of 10 6 to 10 1 colony-forming endings (CFU) per ml of solution were set.
- 100 ⁇ l of the suspension containing 10 5 to 10 1 CFU were added to blood samples obtained from healthy volunteers.
- yeast was isolated from feces, liver abscesses, sputum or blood from patients suffering from lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia or AIDS.
- Candida probe (with the sequence SEQ ID No. 11) surprisingly detected DNA from all 15 analyzed yeast species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. . lusitaniae, C. humicola, C. pseudotropicalis (a C. kefyr), C. inconspicua, C. solani, C. nor einsis, C. utilis, S. cerivisiae, T. cutaneum and M. furfur).
- No hybridization signal was obtained for DNA derived from Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium ssp.
- FIG. 1 The result of such a hybridization experiment or slot blot assay is shown in FIG. 1.
- the following amounts of C. lusita ⁇ iae DNA were applied in lane 1: 100 pg (A), 10 pg (B), 1 pg (C), 100 fg (D); corresponding amounts of C. tropicalis DNA were applied in lane 2; corresponding amounts of C. glabrata DNA in lane 3; corresponding amounts of C. rusei DNA in lane 4; corresponding amounts of C. parapsilosis DNA in lane 5.
- Aliquots of clinical isolates infected with corresponding fungal cultures were applied to points F: C. lusitaniae isolate (Fl), C. grlajrata isolate (F3), A. fumigatus isolate (F4, negative control), A. niger isolate (F5, negative control); double distilled water was applied as a further negative control (F2).
- the species-specific hybridization probes were highly specific even under the stringent washing conditions described above. Furthermore, no cross-reactions were observed within the above-mentioned species with the hybridization probes which have one of the sequences SEQ ID Nos. 12 to 14, 16 to 19; with the exception of the hybridization probe, which has the sequence SEQ ID No. 15, which recognizes both DNA from C. norogensis and C. krusei. The latter is shown in Fig. 2. Here 10 pg DNA of the following fungal species were applied: C. humicola (1), C. solani (2), C. inconspicua (3), C. norvegensis (4), C. kefyr (5) and C. lusitaniae (6 ).
- SEQ ID No. 12 A
- SEQ ID No. 17 B
- SEQ ID No. 13 C
- SEQ ID No. 15 D
- SEQ ID No. 16 E
- SEQ ID No. 14 F
- Candida species cultures were titrated (C. albicans, C. humicola, C. lusitaniae, C. inconspicua, C. nor einsis, C. pseudotropicalis (& C. kefyr), C. solani) , with concentrations of 10 5 to 10 ° CFU-adjusted. This showed a lower detection limit of at least 10 1 CFU, which corresponds to an absolute amount of 100 fg of fungal DNA.
- This high sensitivity was found by the inventors for all special-specific probes (with the sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 19) and for the genus-specific Candidasonde (with the sequence SEQ ID No. 11; see also FIG. 1). be documented.
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Abstract
Description
Detektion von seltenen Candida-Spezies Detection of rare Candida species
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Nukleinsauremolekul, ein Kit, das das Nukleinsauremolekul enthält, die Verwendung des Nukleinsauremolekuls zum. Nachweis von Pilzen bzw. zur Sequenzbestimmung von ribosomalen Pilzgenen, ein Verfahren zum Nachweis von Pilzen in klinischem Material sowie ein Kit zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The present invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule, a kit containing the nucleic acid molecule, the use of the nucleic acid molecule for. Detection of fungi or for determining the sequence of ribosomal fungal genes, a method for the detection of fungi in clinical material and a kit for carrying out this method.
Nukleinsäuremoleküle, die zum Nachweis von Pilzen bzw. zur Sequenzbestimmung von ribosomalen Pilzgenen verwendet werden, sowie Verfahren zum Nachweis von Pilzen in klinischem Material sind aus verschiedenen Veröffentlichungen bekannt. Die Problematik der Pilzinfektionen hat in den letzten 20 Jahren ein beträchtliches Ausmaß angenommen. Dies ist vor allem auf die Zunahme von Patienten mit geschwächter Immunabwehr, intensiven i munsuppressiven Chemotherapien, der zunehmenden Verwendung von Breitspektrumantibiotika und zentralvenöser Katheter zurückzuführen. Wichtige Mykosen, d.h. durch Pilze verursachte Infektionskrankheiten, sind z.B. die Candida-Mykose, die Aspergillus-Mykose oder die Mucor-Mykose .Nucleic acid molecules which are used for the detection of fungi or for the sequence determination of ribosomal fungal genes, as well as methods for the detection of fungi in clinical material are known from various publications. The problem of fungal infections has grown considerably over the past 20 years. This is primarily due to the increase in patients with weakened immune systems, intensive immunosuppressive chemotherapy, the increasing use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and central venous catheters. Important mycoses, ie infectious diseases caused by fungi, are, for example, Candida mycosis, Aspergillus mycosis or Mucor mycosis.
Die invasive Candidiasis als Beispiel einer Candida-Mykose, ist eine lebensbedrohende Infektion in immunkomprimierten Wirten, wie z.B. Knochenmarks- oder Organtransplantatempfänger, in Patienten mit extensiver Chemotherapie und in Aids-Patienten. Außerdem werden systemische Candida-Infektionen in Patienten nach extensiven operativen Eingriffen oder nach Verbrennungen, bei intensiven Antibiotika-Therapien, Verweilkathetern, Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus und in älteren Patienten beobachtet; siehe hierzu Wenzel, R.P., 1995, "Nosocomial candidemia: risk fac- tors and attributable mortality" , Clin. Infect. Dis. 20: 1531- 1534 und Dean, D.A., Burckard, K.W., 1996, "Fungal infection in surgical patients", Am. J. Surg. 171: 374-382.Invasive candidiasis as an example of Candida mycosis is a life-threatening infection in immunocompressed hosts, e.g. Bone marrow or organ transplant recipients, in patients with extensive chemotherapy and in AIDS patients. In addition, systemic Candida infections are observed in patients after extensive surgical interventions or after burns, with intensive antibiotic therapy, indwelling catheters, patients with diabetes mellitus and in older patients; see Wenzel, R.P., 1995, "Nosocomial candidemia: risk factors and attributable mortality", Clin. Infect. Dis. 20: 1531-1534 and Dean, D.A., Burckard, K.W., 1996, "Fungal infection in surgical patients", Am. J. Surg. 171: 374-382.
Die Aspergillose ist eine durch die Gattung Aspergillus hervorgerufene Infektionskrankheit, die vorwiegend zu Erkrankungen der Atmungsorgane, aber auch der Haut und anderen Organen, führt.Aspergillosis is an infectious disease caused by the genus Aspergillus, which mainly leads to diseases of the respiratory system, but also of the skin and other organs.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden frühzeitig Anstrengungen unternommen, zuverlässige Nachweisverfahren für Pilze in klinischem Material zu entwickeln. Dabei wurden während der letzten 10 Jahre Kultivierungs- und histopathologische Verfahren auf- grund ihrer begrenzten Sensitivität und Spezifität zunehmend durch molekularbiologische Nachweisverfahren ersetzt. Von diesen Methoden scheint ein Polymerasekettenreaktion(PCR)- gestützter Nachweis von Pilznukleinsäuren der optimale diagnostische Ansatz zu sein, denn (i) er ist wesentlich sensitiver als die gegenwärtigen zellkulturbasierenden Verfahren, (ii) er ermöglicht die Erfassung vieler verschiedener Pilzgattungen, (iii) er ist auf eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Probentypen anwendbar und (iv) er liefert innerhalb kurzer Zeit zuverlässige Ergebnisse, so daß frühzeitig mit einer zielgerichteten Therapiestrategie begonnen werden kann.Against this background, efforts were made at an early stage to develop reliable detection methods for fungi in clinical material. Cultivation and histopathological procedures have been used during the past 10 years. due to their limited sensitivity and specificity, increasingly replaced by molecular biological detection methods. Of these methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based detection of fungal nucleic acids appears to be the optimal diagnostic approach because (i) it is much more sensitive than current cell culture-based methods, (ii) it enables the detection of many different types of fungi, (iii) it is applicable to a variety of different sample types and (iv) it delivers reliable results within a short time, so that a targeted therapy strategy can be started early.
Aus den DE 195 30 332 C2 , DE 195 30 33 C2 und DE 195 30 336 C2 sind verschiedene Nukleinsäuren bekannt, mittels derer ein PCR- gestützter Nachweis von Pilz-DNA verschiedener Pilzspezies gelingt. In diesen Druckschriften werden zwei Nukleinsäuremolekü- le beschrieben, die die Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 5 und 6 aus dem hier beigelegten Sequenzprotokoll aufweisen, die als PCR- Primerpaar eingesetzt werden können und nachweislich Pilz-DNA der weit verbreiteten humanpathogenen Pilzspezies Candida albi- cans , Candida glabrata , Candida krusei , Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis , Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus und Aspergillus nidu- lans erfassen. Des weiteren werden in diesen Veröffentlichungen sechs Nukleinsäuremoleküle beschrieben, die als Hybridisie- rungssonden für den spezifischen Nachweis von Candida albicans , Candida glabrata, Candida krusei , Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis und der Gattung Aspergillus verwendet werden können. In der DE 196 35 347 Cl werden die Nukleotidsequenzen von vier weiteren Hybridisierungssonden offenbart, mit denen der speziesspezifische Nachweis der Pilz-DNA von Pneumocystis karnii, Malassezia für für (SEQ ID Nr. 18 aus dem hier beigelegten Sequenzprotokoll), Tric osporum cuaneum/Triαosporum capitatum (SEQ ID Nr. 19 aus dem hier beigelegten Sequenzprotokoll) sowie von Fusarium solani/Fusarium oxysporum gelingt.Various nucleic acids are known from DE 195 30 332 C2, DE 195 30 33 C2 and DE 195 30 336 C2, by means of which PCR-based detection of fungal DNA of different fungal species is possible. In these documents, two nucleic acid molecules are described which have the sequences SEQ ID Nos. 5 and 6 from the sequence listing enclosed, which can be used as a pair of PCR primers and which have been shown to contain fungal DNA from the widespread human-pathogenic fungal species Candida albicans, Record Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus nidulans. Furthermore, these publications describe six nucleic acid molecules which can be used as hybridization probes for the specific detection of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis and the genus Aspergillus. DE 196 35 347 C1 discloses the nucleotide sequences of four further hybridization probes with which the species-specific detection of the fungal DNA of Pneumocystis karnii, Malassezia for (SEQ ID No. 18 from the sequence listing enclosed here), Tric osporum cuaneum / Triαosporum capitatum (SEQ ID No. 19 from the sequence listing enclosed here) as well as from Fusarium solani / Fusarium oxysporum.
Einsele et al., 1997, "Detection and identification of fungal pathogens in blood by using molecular probes", J. Clin. Micro- biol. 35, 1353-1360, entwickelten ein PCR-Primerpaar, welches an das im Pilzreich hochkonservierte 18S-rRNA-Gen bindet. Unter Verwendung dieses Primerpaars im Rahmen eines Nachweisverfahrens für das Vorhandensein von Pilz-DNA gelingt den Autoren die Erfassung folgender 22 verschiedener Pilzspezies in Patientenblutproben, vor allem von stark verbreiteten Candida- und As- pergillus-Spezies: Candida albicans , Candida tropicalis , Candida parapsilosis , Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida guillermondii, Candida kefyr, Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus terreus , Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus versicolor.Einsele et al., 1997, "Detection and identification of fungal pathogens in blood by using molecular probes", J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 1353-1360, developed a PCR primer pair that binds to the 18S rRNA gene, which is highly conserved in the fungal kingdom. Using this pair of primers as part of a detection procedure for the presence of fungal DNA, the authors succeeded in detecting the following 22 different fungal species in patient blood samples, especially of widely used Candida and Aspergillus species: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida guillermondii, Candida kefyr, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus versicolor.
Van Burik et al., 1998, "Panfungal PCR assay for detection of fungal infections in human blood specimens", J. Clin. Micro- biol. 36, 1196-1175 beschreiben ebenfalls ein an das 18S-rRNA- Gen bindendes PCR-Primerpaar, über das in Patientenvollblut der Nachweis von 40 verschiedenen Pilzspezies gelingt. Diese beinhalten ebenfalls vor allem weitverbreitete Candida-, Aspergillus- sowie auch Fusarium- und Microsporum-Spezies. Ein entscheidender Nachteil bei diesen bekannten Nukleinsäure- molekülen bzw. Verfahren ist allerdings, daß hiermit lange Zeit unbedeutende, heute aber zunehmend wichtiger werdende PilzSpezies, z.B. seltene Candida-Spezies, nicht erfaßt werden können. Dies hat zur Folge, daß es im Falle des Vorliegens einer solchen Spezies hinsichtlich einer Pilzinfektion zu einer falschnegativen Diagnose kommt. Um auch solche bisher ungewöhnlichen Pilzspezies erfassen zu können, wurden im Stand der Technik parallel zu den PCR-gestützten Verfahren Kultivierungen oder serologische Nachweise durchgeführt, die wiederum die oben genannten Nachteile, wie mangelnde Sensivität und Spezifität, falsch-negative Bestimmungen, hoher Zeitaufwand, etc. aufweisen.Van Burik et al., 1998, "Panfungal PCR assay for detection of fungal infections in human blood specimens", J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 1196-1175 also describe a pair of PCR primers which bind to the 18S rRNA gene and which can be used to detect 40 different fungal species in whole blood. These also mainly include widespread Candida, Aspergillus and Fusarium and Microsporum species. A decisive disadvantage of these known nucleic acid molecules or methods is, however, that they cannot be used to detect fungi species that are insignificant for a long time, but are now becoming increasingly important, for example rare Candida species. The result of this is that if such a species is present, a false negative diagnosis is made with regard to a fungal infection. In order to be able to detect such previously unusual fungus species, cultivations or serological tests were carried out in the state of the art in parallel to the PCR-based methods, which in turn had the disadvantages mentioned above, such as lack of sensitivity and specificity, false-negative determinations, high expenditure of time, etc . exhibit.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb, ein Nukleinsauremolekul der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, mit dem die oben genannten Nachteile vermieden werden.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a nucleic acid molecule of the type mentioned at the outset with which the disadvantages mentioned above are avoided.
Die Aufgabe wird bei dem eingangs genannten Nukleinsauremolekul dadurch gelöst, daß es eine der folgenden Nukleotidsequenzen aufweist:The object is achieved with the nucleic acid molecule mentioned at the outset by having one of the following nucleotide sequences:
SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis SEQ ID Nr. 4 oder SEQ ID Nr. 7 bis SEQ ID Nr. 17 aus dem beiliegenden Sequenzprotokoll oder eine Sequenz, die an eine solche Sequenz bindet, an die auch eine der Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis SEQ ID Nr. 4 oder SEQ ID Nr. 7 bis SEQ ID Nr. 17 bindet.SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 from the enclosed sequence listing or a sequence that binds to such a sequence to which one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17.
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird hiermit vollständig gelöst. Die Erfinder haben nämlich erkannt, daß mit den vorstehend genannten Nukleotidsequenzen einerseits Pilz-DNA aus dem gesamten Bereich der Pilze erfaßt wird, und andererseits ein speziesspezifischer Nachweis von Pilz-DNA insbesondere solcher Spezies gelingt, die bisher relativ unbedeutend aber zunehmend wichtiger werden, wie z.B. bestimmte Candida-Spezies.The object underlying the invention is hereby completely achieved. The inventors have recognized that the above-mentioned nucleotide sequences, on the one hand, detect fungal DNA from the entire field of fungi, and on the other hand, species-specific detection of fungal DNA, in particular of those species that have so far been relatively insignificant but increasingly important, such as, for example, succeeds certain Candida species.
Die zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß nicht nur durch ein Nukleinsauremolekul mit einer der Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis 4 oder SEQ ID Nr. 7 bis SEQ ID Nr. 17 aus dem beiliegenden Sequenzprotokoll gelöst, sondern auch durch ein solches Nukleinsauremolekul, das an dieselben Sequenzen bindet, an die auch das Nukleinsauremolekul mit einer der Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis 4 oder SEQ ID Nr. 7 bis SEQ ID Nr. 17 bindet.The underlying problem is solved according to the invention not only by a nucleic acid molecule with one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 from the enclosed sequence listing, but also by such a nucleic acid molecule which is attached to the same Binds sequences to which the nucleic acid molecule also binds with one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17.
Hiermit werden insbesondere solche Nukleinsäuremoleküle erfaßt, bei denen die im Sequenzprotokoll aufgeführten Sequenzen ein Bestandteil einer längeren Sequenz sind. Selbst wenn bei den im Sequenzprotokoll aufgeführten Sequenzen einzelne Nukleotidaus- tausche vorgenommen werden, behalten diese Moleküle i.d.R. ihre hochselektive Affinität zu der Pilz-DNA. Folglich ist ein derart charakterisiertes Nukleinsauremolekul ebenfalls Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.In particular, nucleic acid molecules are hereby recorded in which the sequences listed in the sequence listing are part of a longer sequence. Even if individual nucleotide exchanges are carried out for the sequences listed in the sequence listing, these molecules usually retain. their highly selective affinity for fungal DNA. Consequently, a nucleic acid molecule characterized in this way is also the subject of the present invention.
Das vorstehend Gesagte gilt für sämtliche erfindungsgemäßen Nukleinsäuremoleküle bzw. Nukleotidsequenzen aus dem beiliegenden Sequenzprotokoll, für ihre erfindungsgemäße Verwendung sowie für ihren Einsatz in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren.The above applies to all nucleic acid molecules or nucleotide sequences according to the invention from the enclosed sequence listing, to their use according to the invention and to their use in the method according to the invention.
Ein Nukleinsauremolekul mit einer der Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis 10 eignet sich besonders zum Nachweis einer allgemeinen Pilzinfektion. Dieses Nukleinsauremolekul bindet nämlich an das im gesamten Reich der Pilze hoch konservierte 18S-rRNA-Gen. Eine Datenbankanalyse im Blast Search Program des National Center for Biotechnology Information zeigte über die vergleichende Sequenzanalyse der Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis 10 Homologien zu über 500 verschiedenen Pilzspezies. Die Erfinder schlußfolgern daraus , daß mittels des vorstehend genannten Nukleinsauremolekuls der Nachweis von Pilz-DNA aus dem gesamten Pilzreich gelingt.A nucleic acid molecule with one of the sequences SEQ ID Nos. 1 to 10 is particularly suitable for the detection of a general one Fungal infection. This nucleic acid molecule binds to the 18S rRNA gene, which is highly conserved throughout the mushroom kingdom. A database analysis in the Blast Search Program of the National Center for Biotechnology Information showed the comparative sequence analysis of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to 10 homologies to over 500 different fungal species. The inventors conclude from this that the nucleic acid molecule mentioned above can be used to detect fungal DNA from the entire fungal realm.
Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß selbst bisher relativ unbedeutende oder außergewöhnliche Pilzspezies erfaßt werden. Aufgrund der selbst unter stringenten Bedingungen vorhandenen Bindeeigenschaften des vorstehend genannten Nukleinsauremolekuls läßt sich dieses z.B. als Polymerasekettenreaktion(PCR)-Primer für die Amplifikation gering konzentrierter Pilz-DNA-Mengen oder zur Sequenzierung von bisher noch unbekannten 18S-rRNA-Genen der Pilze verwenden.This ensures that even previously insignificant or unusual mushroom species are recorded. Due to the binding properties of the above-mentioned nucleic acid molecule even under stringent conditions, this can be e.g. use as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer for the amplification of small amounts of fungal DNA or for sequencing previously unknown 18S rRNA genes of the fungi.
Ein Nukleinsauremolekul mit einer der Nukleotidsequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis 10 eignet sich somit ganz besonders für eine schnelle und zuverlässige Beurteilung einer möglichen allgemeinen Pilzinfektion anhand von klinischem Material, beispielsweise Blut oder Gewebeproben, unabhängig von der verursachenden Pilzspezies.A nucleic acid molecule with one of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to 10 is therefore particularly suitable for a quick and reliable assessment of a possible general fungal infection on the basis of clinical material, for example blood or tissue samples, regardless of the fungal species causing it.
Ein Nukleinsauremolekul mit einer der Nukleotidsequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 11 bis SEQ ID Nr. 19 aus dem beiliegenden Sequenzprotokoll hingegen eignet sich beispielsweise besonders für den Einsatz als Hybridisierungssonde, z.B. im Rahmen einer speziesspezifischen Analyse auf das Vorhandensein seltener Candida-Spezies . Aufgrund des vorstehend Gesagten ist es besonders bevorzugt, das erfindungsgemäße Nukleinsauremolekul zum Nachweis von Pilzen, vorzugsweise in klinischem Material, zu verwenden.In contrast, a nucleic acid molecule with one of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 11 to SEQ ID No. 19 from the enclosed sequence listing is particularly suitable for use as a hybridization probe, for example in the context of a species-specific analysis for the presence of rare Candida species. Based on the above, it is particularly preferred to use the nucleic acid molecule according to the invention for the detection of fungi, preferably in clinical material.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung erfolgt der Nachweis von Pilzen über die Amplifikation eines Pilz-DNA-Segmentes mittels Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR), bei der die Primer eines PCR-Primerpaars Nukleotidsequenzen in einer Kombination aufweisen, die ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe: SEQ ID Nr. 1 und 2; SEQ ID Nr. 3 und 4; SEQ ID Nr. 7 und 8; SEQ ID Nr. 9 und 10 aus dem beiliegenden Sequenzprotokoll; zwei Sequenzen, die an solche Sequenzen binden, an die auch SEQ ID Nr. 1 und 2 oder SEQ ID 3 und 4 oder SEQ ID Nr. 7 und 8 oder SEQ ID Nr. 9 und 10 binden.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the detection of fungi takes place via the amplification of a fungus DNA segment by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in which the primers of a PCR primer pair have nucleotide sequences in a combination which is selected from the group: SEQ ID Nos. 1 and 2; SEQ ID Nos. 3 and 4; SEQ ID Nos. 7 and 8; SEQ ID Nos. 9 and 10 from the enclosed sequence listing; two sequences that bind to those sequences to which SEQ ID No. 1 and 2 or SEQ ID 3 and 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 and 8 or SEQ ID No. 9 and 10 also bind.
Dies hat den besonderen Vorteil, daß dadurch Segmente von in klinischem Material häufig nur in geringen Mengen vorhandener Pilz-DNA so stark angereichert werden, daß diese mittels einfacher Methoden, z.B. Ethidiumbromid-Anfärbung nach Agarosegele- lektrophorese, nachgewiesen werden können.This has the particular advantage that segments of fungal DNA which is often only present in small amounts in clinical material are enriched to such an extent that they can be obtained using simple methods, e.g. Ethidium bromide staining after agarose gel electrophoresis can be detected.
Nukleinsäuremoleküle mit den im Sequenzprotokoll aufgeführten Nukleotidsequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis 10 wurden von den Erfindern als PCR-Primer erfolgreich erprobt, d.h. ihre Verwendung zum Nachweis von Pilzen liefert für jedes dieser Nukleinsäuremoleküle auf hochspezifische und sensitive Art und Weise zuverlässige Ergebnisse. Es kommt bei ihrem Einsatz in einer PCR weder zu einer Koamplifikation von menschlichen Nukleinsäuren noch von eventuell vorhandenen bakteriellen oder viralen Nukleinsäuren. Dabei ist es nach erfindungsgemäßer Lehre zweckmäßig, als PCR- Primerpaar Nukleinsauremolekule mit den Nukleotidsequenzen wie in angegebener Kombination zu verwenden. Besonders geeignet für die Amplifikation des Pilz-DNA-Segmentes sind wahlweise fünf verschiedene PCR-Primerpaare :Nucleic acid molecules with the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID Nos. 1 to 10 listed in the sequence listing were successfully tested by the inventors as PCR primers, ie their use for the detection of fungi provides reliable results for each of these nucleic acid molecules in a highly specific and sensitive manner. When used in a PCR, there is no co-amplification of human nucleic acids or of any bacterial or viral nucleic acids that may be present. According to the teaching according to the invention, it is expedient to use nucleic acid molecules with the nucleotide sequences as in the specified combination as the PCR primer pair. Five different PCR primer pairs are particularly suitable for the amplification of the fungal DNA segment:
PCR-Primerpaar Nr. 1: SEQ ID Nr. 1 und SEQ ID Nr. 2;PCR primer pair No. 1: SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 2;
PCR-Primerpaar Nr. 2: SEQ ID Nr. 3 und SEQ ID Nr. 4;PCR primer pair No. 2: SEQ ID No. 3 and SEQ ID No. 4;
PCR-Primerpaar Nr. 3: SEQ ID Nr. 5 und SEQ ID Nr. 6;PCR primer pair No. 3: SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 6;
PCR-Primerpaar Nr. 4: SEQ ID Nr. 7 und SEQ ID Nr. 8 oderPCR primer pair No. 4: SEQ ID No. 7 and SEQ ID No. 8 or
PCR-Primerpaar Nr. 5: SEQ ID Nr. 9 und SEQ ID Nr. 10.PCR primer pair No. 5: SEQ ID No. 9 and SEQ ID No. 10.
Natürlich können auch hier als PCR-Primerpaar in entsprechender Kombination Nukleinsauremolekule mit Nukleotidsequenzen verwendet werden, die an Nukleotidsequenzen binden, an die eine der Nukleotidsequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis 10 bindet. Dabei ist insbesondere an solche Nukleinsauremolekule gedacht, bei denen eine der im Sequenzprotokoll aufgeführten Sequenzen Bestandteil einer längeren Sequenz ist, bzw. bei denen gegenüber den im Sequenzprotokoll angegebenen Sequenzen vereinzelt Punktmutationen und/oder Deletionen, Substitutionen, Additionen von Nukleoti- den, etc. stattgefunden haben. Dies liegt daran, daß durch diese Modifikationen die erfindungsgemäße Funktion der im Sequenzprotokoll aufgeführten Sequenzen bzw. Moleküle i.d.R. unbeeinflußt bleibt, so daß auch die Verwendung solcher Moleküle Gegenstand der vorliegenden Anmeldung ist. Die Verwendung von Nukleinsäuremolekülen als PCR-Primer in der oben angegebenen Kombination führt zu optimalen Amplikongrößen und sichert somit den zuverlässigen Nachweis von vorhandener Pilz-DNA. Eine Verwendung, bei der Nukleins uremolekule mit den er indungsgemäßen Sequenzen in der genannten Kombination als Primerpaare eingesetzt werden, ist folglich ebenfalls Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.Of course, nucleic acid molecules with nucleotide sequences which bind to nucleotide sequences to which one of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to 10 binds can also be used here as a PCR primer pair in a corresponding combination. In this context, particular consideration is given to those nucleic acid molecules in which one of the sequences listed in the sequence listing is part of a longer sequence, or in which point mutations and / or deletions, substitutions, additions of nucleotides, etc. have occurred in isolated cases compared to the sequences given in the sequence listing to have. This is because these modifications generally have no effect on the function according to the invention of the sequences or molecules listed in the sequence listing, so that the use of such molecules is also the subject of the present application. The use of nucleic acid molecules as PCR primers in the combination given above leads to optimal amplicon sizes and thus ensures the reliable detection of existing fungal DNA. A use in which nucleic acid molecules with the sequences according to the invention in the combination mentioned are used as primer pairs is consequently likewise the subject of the present invention.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolgt eine spezi- es-/oder gattungsspezifische Analyse der Pilz-DNA durch Hybridisierung mit einem Nukleinsauremolekul, das eine der Nukleotidsequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 11 bis SEQ ID Nr. 17 aus dem beiliegenden Sequenzprotokoll oder eine Sequenz aufweist, die an eine solche Sequenz bindet, an die auch eine der Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 11 bis SEQ ID Nr. 17 bindet.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a specific / or genus-specific analysis of the fungal DNA is carried out by hybridization with a nucleic acid molecule which has one of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 11 to SEQ ID No. 17 from the enclosed sequence listing or a sequence which binds to such a sequence to which one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 11 to SEQ ID No. 17 also binds.
Dies hat den besonderen Vorteil, daß z.B. hierdurch nach einem positiven Befund einer allgemeinen Pilzinfektion die für eine zielgerichtete Therapie erforderliche Analyse bzw. der Nachweis der verursachenden Pilzspezies ermöglicht wird. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß ein Nukleinsauremolekul mit jeder der vorstehend genannten Nukleotidsequenz selbst unter stringenten Bedingungen eine spezifische Affinität zu einer definierten Pilzspezies-DNA aufweist. Dies macht das vorstehend genannte Nukleinsauremolekul als Hybridisierungssonde besonders geeignet.This has the particular advantage that e.g. in this way, after a positive finding of a general fungal infection, the analysis required for a targeted therapy or the detection of the causing fungal species is made possible. This is due to the fact that a nucleic acid molecule with each of the above-mentioned nucleotide sequence has a specific affinity for a defined fungal species DNA even under stringent conditions. This makes the above-mentioned nucleic acid molecule particularly suitable as a hybridization probe.
Als besonders günstig hat sich in diesem Zusammenhang eine Markierung des vorstehend genannten Nukleinsauremolekuls bzw. der Hybridisierungssonde an ihrem 5 ' -Ende mit Digoxigenin und ihr Einsatz in einem Slot-Blot-Assay erwiesen. In diesem Assay wird die Pilz-DNA mit Hilfe einer Schlitzlochplatte als Maske auf eine Nylon-Trägermembran aufgetragen und die Membran anschließend mit den entsprechend markierten Hybridisierungssonden inkubiert. Nach anschließenden Waschschritten unter stringenten Bedingungen läßt sich eine erfolgte Hybridisierung an die Pilz- DNA anhand eines optisch erfaßbaren Signals erkennen, wobei durch die Probenkonzentration auf kleiner Fläche eine visuelle Quantifizierung erleichtert wird. Durch die Verwendung des vorstehend genannten Nukleinsauremolekuls in solch einem Slot- Blot-Assay läßt sich eine besonders hohe Sensivität des Nachweisverfahrens, d.h. bis zu einer Nachweisgrenze von 100 fg Pilz-DNA in klinischem Material, erreichen.In this context, it has proven particularly favorable to label the above-mentioned nucleic acid molecule or the hybridization probe at its 5 'end with digoxigenin and to use it in a slot blot assay. In this assay, the fungal DNA is applied as a mask using a perforated plate a nylon carrier membrane is applied and the membrane is then incubated with the appropriately labeled hybridization probes. After subsequent washing steps under stringent conditions, hybridization to the fungal DNA can be recognized on the basis of an optically detectable signal, visual quantification being facilitated by the sample concentration in a small area. By using the above-mentioned nucleic acid molecule in such a slot blot assay, a particularly high sensitivity of the detection method can be achieved, ie up to a detection limit of 100 fg fungal DNA in clinical material.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung erfolgt der Nachweis von Candida-DNA mit einem Nukleinsauremolekul, das die Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID Nr. 11 aus dem beiliegenden Sequenzprotokoll oder eine Sequenz aufweist, die an eine solche Sequenz bindet, an die auch die Sequenz SEQ ID Nr. 11 bindet.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the detection of Candida DNA is carried out with a nucleic acid molecule which has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 11 from the enclosed sequence listing or a sequence that binds to a sequence to which the sequence SEQ ID No. 11 binds.
Den Erfindern ist hiermit erstmalig die Entwicklung einer Hybridisierungssonde gelungen, mit der der Nachweis einer gattungsspezifischen Candida-DNA, gleichgültig von welcher Candi- da-Spezies, gelingt.This is the first time that the inventors have succeeded in developing a hybridization probe that can be used to detect a genus-specific Candida DNA, regardless of which Candida species.
Nach dem bisherigem Stand der Technik wird in der Klinik eine allgemeine Candida-Infektion, beispielsweise eine invasive Can- didiasis, gewöhnlich über Verfahren, die die Kultivierung von Pilzzellen umfassen, diagnostiziert. Hierbei ist es besonders problematisch, daß ein Ergebnis solch eines Kultivierungsansatzes erst nach mehreren Tagen erzielt werden kann. Nach dieser Zeit ist es häufig für die effektive Behandlung einer Candida- Infektion zu spät. Eine weitere Problematik ist, daß Candida als Kommensale der menschlichen Haut häufig durch Kontaminationen in die Kultivierungsansätze gelangt und falsch-positive Ergebnisse liefert. Noch problematischer ist die Tatsache, daß in bis zu 50 Prozent der durch Autopsie überprüften Fälle systemischer Candidiasis die zugrunde liegenden Blutkulturen negativ waren, womit dieses Verfahren keinerlei diagnostischen Wert hat. Dies hat unter Klinikern zu der weitverbreiteten Meinung geführt, daß invasive Candida-Infektionen grundsätzlich nur über Autopsien diagnostiziert werden können.According to the current state of the art, a general Candida infection, for example an invasive candidiasis, is usually diagnosed in the clinic using methods which involve the cultivation of fungal cells. It is particularly problematic here that a result of such a cultivation approach can only be achieved after several days. After this time, it is often too late for effective treatment for Candida infection. Another problem is that Candida As a commensal of human skin, contaminations often lead to cultivation approaches and false-positive results. Even more problematic is the fact that in up to 50 percent of systemic candidiasis cases examined by autopsy, the underlying blood cultures were negative, making this procedure of no diagnostic value. This has led to the widespread opinion among clinicians that invasive Candida infections can generally only be diagnosed via autopsies.
Die Verwendung der oben beschriebenen sogenannten gattungsspezifischen Candida-Hybridisierungssonde schafft hier wirksam Abhilfe. Sie eignet sich auch, im Gegensatz zu den derzeit häufig durchgeführten NMR- und Radioisotopen-Scanningverfahren, zum Nachweis einer Candida-Infektion bereits während eines frühen Stadiums .The use of the so-called genus-specific Candida hybridization probe described above effectively remedies this. In contrast to the NMR and radioisotope scanning methods that are frequently carried out at present, it is also suitable for the detection of a Candida infection at an early stage.
Ein Verfahren, welches den Candida-Metaboliten Arabinitol als diagnostischen Marker zugrunde legte, mußte nach der Entdek- kung, daß Arabinitol ebenfalls vom menschlichen Körper produziert wird, als ungeeignet aufgegeben werden.A method which used the candida metabolite arabinitol as a diagnostic marker had to be abandoned as unsuitable after the discovery that arabinitol is also produced by the human body.
Auch hier schafft die vorstehend genannte bevorzugte Variante der Erfindung Abhilfe, da nämlich keinerlei Kreuzreaktion der gattungsspezifischen Candida-Hybridisierungssonde mit menschlicher Nukleinsäure beobachtet wird. Auch die Verwendung der in der DE 195 30 332 C2 beschriebenen beiden Nukleinsauremolekule als PCR-Primer ermöglicht nicht den Nachweis einer allgemeinen Candida-Infektion, da durch diese Primer auch DNA der Gattungen Aspergillus amplifiziert wird. Des weiteren werden damit nachweislich nur fünf verschiedene Candida-Spezies erfaßt. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen gattungsspezifischen Candida-Hybridisierungssonde wird somit erstmalig ein frühzeitiger und zuverlässiger Nachweis einer allgemeinen Candida-Infektion ermöglicht.The above-mentioned preferred variant of the invention also provides a remedy here, since no cross-reaction of the genus-specific Candida hybridization probe with human nucleic acid is observed. Even the use of the two nucleic acid molecules described in DE 195 30 332 C2 as PCR primers does not enable the detection of a general Candida infection, since DNA of the genera Aspergillus is also amplified by these primers. Furthermore, only five different Candida species have been shown to be detected. With the The genus-specific Candida hybridization probe according to the invention thus enables for the first time an early and reliable detection of a general Candida infection.
Im Zusammenhang mit der weitergehenden Analyse, d.h. der speziesspezifischen Bestimmung der vorhandenen Pilz-DNA in verschiedenen bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen in Abhängigkeit der nachzuweisenden Spezies, betrifft die Erfindung, die Verwendung eines Nukleinsauremolekuls als Hybridisierungssonde, die folgende Nukleotidsequenz aufweist:In connection with the further analysis, i.e. the species-specific determination of the fungal DNA present in various preferred configurations depending on the species to be detected, the invention relates to the use of a nucleic acid molecule as a hybridization probe which has the following nucleotide sequence:
Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID Nr. 12 für den Nachweis von Candida hu- mi cola-DNA,Nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 12 for the detection of Candida human cola DNA,
Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID Nr. 13 für den Nachweis von Candida in- conspicua-OΗA,Nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 13 for the detection of Candida inconspicua-OΗA,
Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID Nr. 14 für den Nachweis von Candida lu- sitaniae-DNA,Nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 14 for the detection of Candida lusaniaia DNA,
Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID Nr. 15 für den Nachweis von Candida norwegensis- und/oder Candida krusei-DNA,Nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 15 for the detection of Candida norwegensis and / or Candida krusei DNA,
Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID Nr. 16 für den Nachweis von Candida ke- fyr-DNA,Nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 16 for the detection of Candida kefyr DNA,
Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID Nr. 17 für den Nachweis von Candida so- lani-DNA.Nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 17 for the detection of Candida solani DNA.
Aus den eingangs aufgeführten Gründen ist in diesem Zusammenhang auch die entsprechende Verwendung eines solchen Nukleinsauremolekuls zum Nachweis einer der vorstehend genannten Spezies Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung, das eine Sequenz aufweist, die an eine solche Sequenz bindet, an die auch eine der Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 11 bis 17 aus dem Sequenzprotokoll bindet. Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt, ein Nukleinsauremolekul zur Sequenzbestimmung von ribosomalen Pilzgenen zu verwenden, das eine der folgenden Nukleotidsequenzen aufweist:For the reasons stated at the outset, the corresponding use of such a nucleic acid molecule for the detection of one of the abovementioned species which has a sequence which binds to a sequence to which one of the sequences SEQ ID NO. 11 to 17 binds from the sequence listing. It is further preferred to use a nucleic acid molecule for sequence determination of ribosomal fungal genes which has one of the following nucleotide sequences:
SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis SEQ ID Nr. 4 oder SEQ ID Nr. 7 bis SEQ ID Nr. 10 aus dem beiliegenden Sequenzprotokoll oder eine Sequenz, die an eine solche Sequenz bindet, an die auch eine der vorstehenden Sequenzen bindet.SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 10 from the enclosed sequence listing or a sequence which binds to such a sequence to which one of the above sequences also binds.
Wie eingangs erwähnt, kann mit den angegebenen Nukleinsäuremolekülen z.B. als PCR-Primer in ebenfalls angegebener Kombination die Nukleotidsequenz von bisher unbekannten ribosomalen Pilzgenen aufgeklärt werden. Dies ist gleichermaßen auf die Fähigkeit der angegebenen Moleküle zurückzuführen, an hochkonservierte Abschnitte sämtlicher 18S-rRNA-Pilzgene zu binden.As mentioned at the beginning, the specified nucleic acid molecules can e.g. the nucleotide sequence of previously unknown ribosomal fungal genes can be elucidated as a PCR primer in a combination also given. This is equally due to the ability of the indicated molecules to bind to highly conserved sections of all 18S rRNA fungal genes.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ebenfalls ein Verfahren zum Nachweis von Pilzen in klinischem Material, mit den Schritten:The present invention also relates to a method for the detection of fungi in clinical material, comprising the steps:
a) Bereitstellung von Pilz-DNA aus klinischem Material,a) provision of fungal DNA from clinical material,
b) Nachweis der Pilz-DNA,b) detection of the fungal DNA,
wobei der Nachweis unter Verwendung von zumindest einem Nukleinsauremolekul erfolgt, das eine der folgenden Nukleotidsequenzen aufweist: SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis SEQ ID Nr. 4 oder SEQ ID Nr. 7 bis SEQ ID Nr. 17 aus dem beiliegenden Sequenzprotokoll oder eine Sequenz, die an eine solche Sequenz bindet, an die auch eine der Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis SEQ ID Nr. 4 oder SEQ ID Nr. 7 bis SEQ ID Nr. 17 bindet. Aufgrund der dargelegten günstigen Eigenschaften des beanspruchten Nukleinsauremolekuls lassen sich in solch einem Verfahren auf zuverlässige und zeitsparende Art und Weise aus einer Vielzahl von verschiedenen klinischen Materialien, z.B. Vollblut oder Gewebeproben, bspw. als Folge einer Pilzinfektion vorhandene Pilze anhand ihrer DNA nachweisen. Im Gegensatz zu den eingangs beschriebenen bisherigen klinisch eingesetzten Verfahren gelingt hiermit erstmalig ein PCR-gestützter Nachweis einer allgemeinen Pilzinfektion, bei dem auch bisher relativ seltene Pilzspezies aus dem gesamten Reich der Pilze allgemein erfaßt werden, bzw. bei dem ein weitergehender speziesspezifischer Nachweis von bspw. seltenen Candida-Spezies ermöglicht wird.wherein the detection is carried out using at least one nucleic acid molecule which has one of the following nucleotide sequences: SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 from the enclosed sequence listing or a sequence which binds to such a sequence to which one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 also binds. Due to the favorable properties of the nucleic acid molecule claimed, such a method can be used to reliably detect and present fungi on the basis of their DNA from a large number of different clinical materials, for example whole blood or tissue samples, for example as a result of a fungal infection. In contrast to the previously used clinical methods described at the beginning, this is the first time that PCR-supported detection of a general fungal infection is successful, in which relatively rare fungus species from the entire realm of fungi are also generally recorded, or in which further species-specific detection of e.g. rare Candida species.
In dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist besonders daran gedacht, nicht nur DNA aus Pilzzellen bereitzustellen, die frei im Blut vorhanden sind, sondern auch aus solchen Pilzzellen, die durch bestimmte Blutzellen, z.B. Granulozyten oder Monozyten, aber auch Makrophagen im Gewebe phagozytiert wurden. Durch solch ein Verfahren gelingt daher die frühzeitige Diagnose von Pilzinfektionen, also bereits in einem Stadium, in dem sich aufgrund der frühen Immunantwort nur wenige oder gar keine Pilzzellen frei im Blut befinden.In the method according to the invention, particular care is taken not only to provide DNA from fungal cells which are freely present in the blood, but also from those fungal cells which are transmitted by certain blood cells, e.g. Granulocytes or monocytes, but also macrophages were phagocytosed in the tissue. Such a method therefore enables the early diagnosis of fungal infections, that is, at a stage in which, due to the early immune response, there are only a few or no fungal cells in the blood.
Des weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Kit, das ein Nukleinsauremolekul enthält, das eine der folgende Nukleotidsequenzen aufweist: SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis SEQ ID Nr. 4 oder SEQ ID Nr. 7 bis SEQ ID Nr. 17 aus dem beiliegenden Sequenzprotokoll oder eine Sequenz, die an eine solche Sequenz bindet, an die auch eine der Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 1 bis SEQ ID Nr. 4 oder SEQ ID Nr. 7 bis SEQ ID Nr. 17 bindet. Des weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Kit zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.The invention further relates to a kit which contains a nucleic acid molecule which has one of the following nucleotide sequences: SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 from the enclosed sequence listing or a sequence which binds to a sequence to which one of the sequences SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 7 to SEQ ID No. 17 also binds. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a kit for performing the method according to the invention.
Die Bereitstellung solcher Kits haben den Vorteil, daß durch die Zusammenstellung sämtlicher Reagenzien und/oder Nukleinsauremolekule, Reaktionsbehältnisse bzw. Teilen davon, einer detaillierten Benutzeranweisung, etc., mögliche Fehler in der Durchführung des Verfahrens bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung des beanspruchten Nukleinsauremolekuls vermieden werden. Dadurch wird insbesondere der Situation in Kliniken Rechnung getragen, in denen häufig angelerntes Personal mit der Durchführung solcher Verfahren betraut wird.The provision of such kits has the advantage that possible errors in the implementation of the method or the use according to the invention of the claimed nucleic acid molecule are avoided by compiling all the reagents and / or nucleic acid molecules, reaction containers or parts thereof, detailed user instructions, etc. This takes into account in particular the situation in clinics in which frequently trained personnel are entrusted with the implementation of such procedures.
Es versteht sich, daß die vorstehend erwähnten Merkmale nicht nur in angegebener Kombination, sondern auch einzeln oder in anderer Kombination verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen. Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von Beispielen und Abbildungen erläutert, aus denen sich weitere Merkmale und Vorteile ergeben.It is understood that the features mentioned above can be used not only in the specified combination, but also individually or in another combination, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The invention is explained below with the aid of examples and illustrations, from which further features and advantages result.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 Slot-Blot-Assay unter Verwendung der allgemeinen Candida-Sonde mit der Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID Nr. 111 slot blot assay using the general Candida probe with the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 11
Fig. 2 Slot-Blot-Assay unter Verwendung von 6 verschiedenen speziesspezifischen Sonden mit den Nukleotidsequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 12 bis 17 Beispiel 1: Bereitstellung von Pilz-DNA2 slot blot assay using 6 different species-specific probes with the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to 17 Example 1: Provision of fungal DNA
Patienten, die auf eine Pilzinfektion untersucht werden sollen, wird eine Blutprobe entnommen. Die Erythrozyten des Vollblutes werden hypotonisch mit RCLB-Puffer (10 mM Tris [pH 7.6], 5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM NaCl) lysiert. Daran schließt sich eine enzymati- sche Lyse der Leukozyten mit WCLB-Puffer (10 mM Tris [pH 7.6], 10 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaCl, 0,2 % SDS, 200 μg Proteinase K pro ml) bei 65 °C für 45 Minuten an. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß auch Pilz-DNA, die aus innerhalb von Blutzellen befindlichen Pilzzellen stammt, erfaßt wird. Die Proben werden pelletiert und mit 50 mM NaOH bei 95 °C für 10 Minuten inkubiert. Es folgt eine Neutralisation mit 1 M Tris [pH 7.0], gefolgt von einer Behandlung mit rekombinanter Lyticase (Sigma, Deissenhofen, Deutschland ) für 45 Minuten bei 37 °C, in einem Puffer, der 1 U Lyticase pro 100 μl, 50 mM Tris [pH 7.5], 1 mM EDTA und 0,2 % ß-Mercaptoethanol enthält, um Sphäroplasten zu bilden. Nach einer Zentrifugation bei 5000 g wird der Überstand, der die menschliche DNA und Proteine enthält, dekantiert und die Pellets werden mit 1 M Tris-EDTA und 10 % SDS bei 65 °C für 30 Minuten zur Lyse der Sphäroplasten behandelt. Anschließend wird 5 M Kaliuraacetat zugegeben und die Proben werden bei -20 °C für 30 Minuten zur Proteinpräzipitation inkubiert. Nach einem weiteren Zentrifugationsschritt bei 100 g für 20 Minuten wird die DNA-Präzipitation aus dem Überstand mit kaltem Isopropanol durchgeführt. Die DNA wird mit 70 %igem Ethanol gereinigt, luftgetrocknet, und in 40 μl H20 resuspendiert. Nach einer Spektralphotometrie werden die Proben auf eine Endkonzentration von 50 ng DNA pro μl verdünnt. Beispiel 2: PCR zum Nachweis der Pilz-DNAA blood sample is taken from patients who are to be examined for a fungal infection. The erythrocytes of the whole blood are lysed hypotonic with RCLB buffer (10 mM Tris [pH 7.6], 5 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM NaCl). This is followed by enzymatic lysis of the leukocytes with WCLB buffer (10 mM Tris [pH 7.6], 10 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaCl, 0.2% SDS, 200 μg Proteinase K per ml) at 65 ° C for 45 Minutes. This ensures that fungal DNA, which originates from fungal cells located in blood cells, is also detected. The samples are pelleted and incubated with 50 mM NaOH at 95 ° C for 10 minutes. This is followed by neutralization with 1 M Tris [pH 7.0], followed by treatment with recombinant Lyticase (Sigma, Deissenhofen, Germany) for 45 minutes at 37 ° C., in a buffer containing 1 U Lyticase per 100 μl, 50 mM Tris [pH 7.5], 1 mM EDTA and 0.2% ß-mercaptoethanol contains to form spheroplasts. After centrifugation at 5000 g, the supernatant, which contains the human DNA and proteins, is decanted and the pellets are treated with 1 M Tris-EDTA and 10% SDS at 65 ° C. for 30 minutes to lyse the spheroplasts. Then 5 M potassium acetate is added and the samples are incubated at -20 ° C for 30 minutes for protein precipitation. After a further centrifugation step at 100 g for 20 minutes, the DNA precipitation from the supernatant is carried out with cold isopropanol. The DNA is purified with 70% ethanol, air dried, and resuspended in 40 μl H 2 0. After spectrophotometry, the samples are diluted to a final concentration of 50 ng DNA per μl. Example 2: PCR for the detection of fungal DNA
Die in Beispiel 1 erhaltenen Proben werden auf das Vorhandensein von Pilz-DNA mittels einer Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) überprüft, in der spezifisch ausschließlich Pilz-DNA amplifi- ziert wird. Die geeigneten PCR-Primer sind in der Tabelle I gezeigt.The samples obtained in Example 1 are checked for the presence of fungal DNA by means of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in which specifically only fungal DNA is amplified. The suitable PCR primers are shown in Table I.
i) PCR-PrimerSequenzen der fünf Primerpaarei) PCR primer sequences of the five primer pairs
Schmelztemperaturmelting temperature
GC Guanin-/Cytosingehalt der SequenzGC guanine / cytosine content of the sequence
Tabelle I: PCR-Primersequenzen zum Nachweis von Pilz-DNATable I: PCR primer sequences for the detection of fungal DNA
Sämtliche PCR-Primer aus der Tabelle I binden an hochkonservierte Regionen des 18S-rRNA-Gens der Pilze. (ii) Amplifikation des Pilz-DNA-SegmentesAll of the PCR primers from Table I bind to highly conserved regions of the 18S rRNA gene of the fungi. (ii) Amplification of the fungal DNA segment
Die Amplifikationsreaktionen werden in einem 50 μl-Volumen durchgeführt, das enthält: 10 mM Tris [pH 9,6], 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 200 μg Rinderserumalbumin/ml, 0,5 M Desoxyribonu- kleotidtrisphosphate, 100 pmol der jeweiligen Primer und 1,5 U Taq-Polymerase (Amersham, Braunschweig, Deutschland) . Die extrahierte DNA aus Beispiel 1 (100 ng) wird zugegeben und 34 Zyklen wiederholender Denaturierung, Primerhybridisierung und en- zymatischer Kettenverlängerung werden in einem PE 2400 Ther- ocycler (Perkin Eimer, Dreieich, Deutschland) durchgeführt. Das Amplifikationsprogramm hat dabei folgendes Profil: 30 Sekunden bei 94 °C, 1 Minute bei 62 °C und 2 Minuten bei 72 °C, gefolgt von einem Zyklus der terminalen Extension bei 72 °C für 5 Minuten. Um eventuelle Kontaminationen zu erfassen, werden Aliquote einer Kochsalzlösung und von menschlicher Fibrobla- sten-DNA präpariert und gleichermaßen als Negativkontrolle in die Amplifikations-Reaktion eingesetzt.The amplification reactions are carried out in a 50 μl volume which contains: 10 mM Tris [pH 9.6], 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 200 μg bovine serum albumin / ml, 0.5 M deoxyribonucleotide trisphosphate, 100 pmol respective primer and 1.5 U Taq polymerase (Amersham, Braunschweig, Germany). The extracted DNA from Example 1 (100 ng) is added and 34 cycles of repeated denaturation, primer hybridization and enzymatic chain extension are carried out in a PE 2400 thermocycler (Perkin Elmer, Dreieich, Germany). The amplification program has the following profile: 30 seconds at 94 ° C, 1 minute at 62 ° C and 2 minutes at 72 ° C, followed by a cycle of terminal extension at 72 ° C for 5 minutes. In order to detect possible contaminations, aliquots of a saline solution and of human fibroblast DNA are prepared and used as a negative control in the amplification reaction.
(iii) Nachweis der amplifizierten Pilz-DNA(iii) Detection of the amplified fungal DNA
Zum Nachweis der Pilz-DNA werden 10 μl Aliquote eines jeden Amplifikationsproduktes elektrophoretisch über ein 2 %iges Aga- rosegel in lx TAE-Puffer (pH 8,0, 40 mM Tris-Acetat [pH 7,5], 2 mM Natrium-EDTA) aufgetrennt, gefolgt von einer Ethidiumbro- midanfärbung. Unter Anregung des in die DNA interkalierten Ethidiumbromids läßt sich die fluoreszierende Pilz-DNA auf einem Schirm darstellen. Die fünf angegebenen PCR-Primer-Paare sind also dazu geeignet, auf einfache Art und Weise das Vorliegen von Pilzen bzw. Pilz- DNA, beispielsweise in Patientenblut, unabhängig von der jeweiligen Pilzspezies, nachzuweisen.To detect the fungal DNA, 10 μl aliquots of each amplification product are electrophoresed over a 2% agarose gel in 1 × TAE buffer (pH 8.0, 40 mM Tris acetate [pH 7.5], 2 mM sodium EDTA ) separated, followed by an ethidium bromide stain. The fluorescent fungal DNA can be displayed on a screen with excitation of the ethidium bromide intercalated into the DNA. The five specified PCR primer pairs are therefore suitable for the simple detection of the presence of fungi or fungal DNA, for example in patient blood, regardless of the respective fungal species.
Beispiel 3 : Analyse der Pilz-DNAExample 3: Analysis of fungal DNA
Zur weiteren Bestimmung der Pilzspezies bzw. -gattung wird ein Slot-Blot-Assay durchgeführt. Hierzu werden 10 μl-Aliquote eines jeden Amplikons aus Beispiel 2 auf Hybond N+ Nylonmembranen (Amersham, Braunschweig, Deutschland), auf die eine Schlitzlochplatte aufgesetzt wird, pipettiert.A slot blot assay is carried out to further determine the fungus species or genus. For this purpose, 10 μl aliquots of each amplicon from Example 2 are pipetted onto Hybond N + nylon membranes (Amersham, Braunschweig, Germany), onto which a slotted perforated plate is placed.
Die nachstehende Tabelle zeigt die Sequenzen der mit Digoxi- genin markierten Hybridisierungssonden, die entsprechenden Schmelztemperaturen, bei der die Hälfte des jeweiligen Nukleinsauremolekuls in einer Lösung in der doppelsträngigen Form, die andere Hälfte als Einzelstrang-Molekül vorliegt, den jeweiligen GC-Gehalt, d.h. die Menge an Guanin- und Cytosin-Resten in dem Molekül, und die spezifische Waschtemperatur (siehe weiter unten) . The table below shows the sequences of the hybridization probes labeled with digoxigenin, the corresponding melting temperatures at which half of the respective nucleic acid molecule is in a solution in the double-stranded form, the other half is in the form of a single-stranded molecule, the respective GC content, ie the Amount of guanine and cytosine residues in the molecule, and the specific washing temperature (see below).
Tm = SchmelztemperaturT m = melting temperature
GC = Guanin-/Cytosingehalt der SequenzGC = guanine / cytosine content of the sequence
Dig = Digoxigenin-5-PhosphatDig = digoxigenin-5-phosphate
Tabelle II: Sonden-Sequenzen zur spezies-/gattungsspezifi- schen Analyse der Pilz-DNATable II: Probe sequences for the species / genus-specific analysis of the fungal DNA
Jedes Amplikon (Beispiel 2) wird für 20 Minuten bei 42 °C mit der jeweiligen Sonde hybridisiert. Anschließend folgen spezifische Waschschritte für zweimal 7 Minuten mit Waschpuffer (100 mM Natriumchlorid, 10 mM Natriumdihydrogenphosphat, 1 M EDTA, 1 % SDS) bei den oben angegebenen sondenspezifischen Temperaturen. Die lediglich wenige Grad unterhalb der Tm liegenden Waschtemperatur sowie das Vorhandensein von SDS im Waschpuffer lassen dabei nur spezifische Hybridisierungsreak- tionen zu, bzw. verhindern unspezifisches Anlagern von Sonden. Anschließend werden dann die Hybride für 20 Minuten mit Anti- Digoxigenin-Antikörpern, konjugiert mit alkalischer Phosphatase (Röche, Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Deutschland) inkubiert und weitere 30 Minuten mit Nitroblue Tetrazolium (75 mg/ml in Dimethylformamid) und Promoc lor-Indoylphosphat-Lösung (50 mg/ml in Dimethylformamid, Röche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Deutschland) .Each amplicon (example 2) is hybridized with the respective probe for 20 minutes at 42 ° C. This is followed by specific washing steps for twice 7 minutes with washing buffer (100 mM sodium chloride, 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 M EDTA, 1% SDS) at the probe-specific temperatures given above. The washing temperature, which is only a few degrees below the T m , and the presence of SDS in the washing buffer only allow specific hybridization reactions. or prevent unspecific attachment of probes. The hybrids are then incubated for 20 minutes with anti-digoxigenin antibodies, conjugated with alkaline phosphatase (Röche, Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany) and for a further 30 minutes with nitroblue tetrazolium (75 mg / ml in dimethylformamide) and promoter-indoyl phosphate Solution (50 mg / ml in dimethylformamide, Röche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany).
Im Fall einer Hybridisierung der Sonde wird durch die anschließende enzymatische Spaltung eines chromogenen Substrates durch das am Antikörper gebundene Enzym ein farbiges Reaktionsprodukt gebildet, das für den jeweiligen Ansatz bzw. für das jeweilige Amplifikat eine positive Reaktion anzeigt. Ist keine Hybridisierung erfolgt, weil entweder Pilz-DNA einer anderen Spezies, als der, für die die Sonde spezifisch ist, amplifiziert wurde, oder keine Pilz-DNA in dem klinischen Material vorhanden war, kann folglich kein Anti-Digoxigenin-Antikörper an die markierte Sonde binden bzw. wird zusammen mit dieser weggewaschen. Es kommt nicht zur Bildung des farbigen Reaktionsproduktes, womit die Reaktion als negativ bewertet wird.In the case of hybridization of the probe, a subsequent reaction enzymatic cleavage of a chromogenic substrate by the enzyme bound to the antibody forms a colored reaction product which indicates a positive reaction for the particular batch or for the respective amplificate. Thus, if hybridization has not occurred because either fungal DNA of a species other than that for which the probe is specific has been amplified or no fungal DNA was present in the clinical material, no anti-digoxigenin antibody can be attached to the labeled one Bind probe or is washed away together with it. The colored reaction product does not form, which means that the reaction is assessed as negative.
Beispiel 4: Spezifität der HvbridisierungssondenExample 4: Specificity of Hybridization Probes
Zur Überprüfung der Spezifität der beanspruchten Hvbridisierungssonden wurden von der Deutschen Sammlung von Mikroorganismen (DMSZ, Braunschweig, Deutschland) folgende Hefekulturen bezogen:To check the specificity of the hybridization probes claimed, the following yeast cultures were obtained from the German Collection of Microorganisms (DMSZ, Braunschweig, Germany):
Candida albicans (DSM 6569), Candida glabrata (DSM 6425), Candida krusei (DSM 6128), Candida tropicalis (DSM 5991), Candida parapsilosis (DSM 5784), Candida lusitanie (DSM 70102), Candida humicola (DSM 5572), Candida pseudotropicalis ( ä Candida kefyr) (ATTC 14438), Candida incosnspicua (DSM 70631), Candida solani (DSM 3315), Candida norvegensis (DSM 70760), Candida utilis (DSM 2361), Saccharomyces cerisiae (DSM 1333), Trichosporon cutaneum (DSM 70698), Malassezia für für (DSM 6170), Fusarium solani (DSM 1164) und Aspergillus fumigatus (DSM 790). Die He- fezellen wurden gewaschen und in 0,9 %iger steriler Natriumchloridlösung resuspendiert. Die Hefezellsuspensionen wurden titriert, so daß Endkonzentrationen von 106 bis 101 koloniebildenden Endheiten (CFU) pro ml Lösung eingestellt wurden. Zusätzlich wurden 100 μl der Suspension, die 105 bis 101 CFU enthielt, Blutproben zugegeben, die aus gesunden Freiwilligen gewonnen wurden. Zehn weitere Proben aus kolonisierten Patienten (n=5) und Patienten mit systemischen Pilzinfektionen (n=4) wurden vom Huddinge Hospital, Huddinge, Schweden, und vom Hygieneinstitut, Universität Tübingen, Deutschland bezogen. Außerdem wurden Hefen aus Fäkalien, Leberabszessen, Sputum oder Blut von solchen Patienten isoliert, die an Lymphoma, akuter lymphatischer Leukämie oder an AIDS litten.Candida albicans (DSM 6569), Candida glabrata (DSM 6425), Candida krusei (DSM 6128), Candida tropicalis (DSM 5991), Candida parapsilosis (DSM 5784), Candida lusitanie (DSM 70102), Candida humicola (DSM 5572), Candida pseudotropicalis (ä Candida kefyr) (ATTC 14438), Candida incosnspicua (DSM 70631), Candida solani (DSM 3315), Candida norvegensis (DSM 70760), Candida utilis (DSM 2361), Saccharomyces cerisiae (DSM 1333), Trichosporon cutaneum (DSM 70698), Malassezia for (DSM 6170), Fusarium solani (DSM 1164) and Aspergillus fumigatus (DSM 790). The yeast cells were washed and resuspended in 0.9% sterile sodium chloride solution. The yeast cell suspensions were titrated so that final concentrations of 10 6 to 10 1 colony-forming endings (CFU) per ml of solution were set. In addition, 100 μl of the suspension containing 10 5 to 10 1 CFU were added to blood samples obtained from healthy volunteers. Ten additional samples from colonized patients (n = 5) and patients with systemic fungal infections (n = 4) were obtained from the Huddinge Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden, and from the Hygiene Institute, University of Tübingen, Germany. In addition, yeast was isolated from feces, liver abscesses, sputum or blood from patients suffering from lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia or AIDS.
Es zeigt sich, daß die gattungsspezifische Candida-Sonde (mit der Sequenz SEQ ID Nr. 11) überraschenderweise DNA aus allen 15 analysierten Hefespezies detektierte (C. albicans , C. glabrata, C . krusei , C . tropicalis, C . parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae, C. humicola , C. pseudotropicalis ( ä C. kefyr) , C. inconspicua , C. solani , C. norwegensis, C. utilis, S . cerivisiae, T. cutaneum und M. furfur) . Es wurde kein Hybridisierungssignal für DNA erhalten, die aus Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium ssp . , Zytomegalovirus und aus menschlichen Fibroplasten gewonnen wurde . Das Ergebnis eines solchen Hybridisierungsexperimentes bzw. Slot-Blot-Assays ist in der Figur 1 dargestellt. In Spur 1 wurden folgende Mengen C. lusitaπiae-DNA aufgetragen: 100 pg (A) , 10 pg (B), 1 pg (C), 100 fg (D); in Spur 2 wurden entsprechende Mengen von C. tropicalis-DNA aufgetragen; in Spur 3 entsprechende Mengen C. glabrata-DNA; in Spur 4 entsprechende Mengen C. rusei-DNA; in Spur 5 entsprechende Mengen C. parapsilosis- DNA. Auf die Punkte F wurden Aliquote von solchen klinischen Isolaten aufgetragen, die mit entspechenden Pilzkulturen infiziert waren: C. lusitaniae-Isolat (Fl), C. grlajrata-Isolat (F3), A . fumigatus-Isolat (F4, Negativkontrolle), A . niger- Isolat (F5, Negativkontrolle); als weitere Negativkontrolle wurde zusätzlich doppelt-destilliertes Wasser aufgetragen (F2).It turns out that the genus-specific Candida probe (with the sequence SEQ ID No. 11) surprisingly detected DNA from all 15 analyzed yeast species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. . lusitaniae, C. humicola, C. pseudotropicalis (a C. kefyr), C. inconspicua, C. solani, C. norwegensis, C. utilis, S. cerivisiae, T. cutaneum and M. furfur). No hybridization signal was obtained for DNA derived from Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium ssp. , Cytomegalovirus and from human fibroblasts. The result of such a hybridization experiment or slot blot assay is shown in FIG. 1. The following amounts of C. lusitaπiae DNA were applied in lane 1: 100 pg (A), 10 pg (B), 1 pg (C), 100 fg (D); corresponding amounts of C. tropicalis DNA were applied in lane 2; corresponding amounts of C. glabrata DNA in lane 3; corresponding amounts of C. rusei DNA in lane 4; corresponding amounts of C. parapsilosis DNA in lane 5. Aliquots of clinical isolates infected with corresponding fungal cultures were applied to points F: C. lusitaniae isolate (Fl), C. grlajrata isolate (F3), A. fumigatus isolate (F4, negative control), A. niger isolate (F5, negative control); double distilled water was applied as a further negative control (F2).
Die speziesspezifischen Hybridisierungssonden waren selbst unter den oben beschriebenen stringenten Waschbedingungen hochspezifisch. Des weiteren wurden keinerlei Kreuzreaktionen innerhalb der oben genannten Spezies mit den Hybridisierungssonden beobachtet, die eine der Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 12 bis 14, 16 bis 19 aufweisen; mit Ausnahme der Hybridisierungssonde, die die Sequenz SEQ ID Nr. 15 aufweist, die sowohl DNA von C. nor- vegensis auch von C. krusei erkennt. Letzteres ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Hier wurden jeweils 10 pg DNA folgender Pilzspezies aufgetragen: C. humicola (1), C. solani (2), C. inconspicua (3), C. norvegensis (4), C. kefyr (5) und C. lusitaniae (6). Inkubiert wurden die entsprechenden Membranstreifen mit folgenden speziesspezifischen Sonden: SEQ ID Nr. 12 (A) , SEQ ID Nr. 17 (B), SEQ ID Nr. 13 (C), SEQ ID Nr. 15 (D) , SEQ ID Nr. 16 (E) und SEQ ID Nr. 14 (F) . Sämtliche zehn Isolate aus den neun Patienten, die oberflächlich oder invasiv mit C. lusitaniae (n=2), C. inconspicua (n=l), C. norwegensis (n=l), C. glabrata (n=3), C. albicans (n=3) infiziert waren, ergaben sowohl mit der gattungsspezifischen Candida-Sonde (mit der Sequenz SEQ ID Nr. 11; siehe auch Fig. 1, Fl, F3) als auch mit den entsprechenden speziesspezifischen Hybridisierungssonden (mit den Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 12 bis SEQ ID Nr. 19) positive Signale.The species-specific hybridization probes were highly specific even under the stringent washing conditions described above. Furthermore, no cross-reactions were observed within the above-mentioned species with the hybridization probes which have one of the sequences SEQ ID Nos. 12 to 14, 16 to 19; with the exception of the hybridization probe, which has the sequence SEQ ID No. 15, which recognizes both DNA from C. norogensis and C. krusei. The latter is shown in Fig. 2. Here 10 pg DNA of the following fungal species were applied: C. humicola (1), C. solani (2), C. inconspicua (3), C. norvegensis (4), C. kefyr (5) and C. lusitaniae (6 ). The corresponding membrane strips were incubated with the following species-specific probes: SEQ ID No. 12 (A), SEQ ID No. 17 (B), SEQ ID No. 13 (C), SEQ ID No. 15 (D), SEQ ID No. 16 (E) and SEQ ID No. 14 (F). All ten isolates from the nine patients who were superficial or invasive with C. lusitaniae (n = 2), C. inconspicua (n = l), C. norwegensis (n = l), C. glabrata (n = 3), C . albicans (n = 3) were infected both with the genus-specific Candida probe (with the sequence SEQ ID No. 11; see also FIG. 1, Fl, F3) and with the corresponding species-specific hybridization probes (with the sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 19) positive signals.
Beispiel 5: Sensitivität der HybridisierungssondenExample 5: Sensitivity of the hybridization probes
Zur Bestimmung der Sensitivität des Assays wurde eine Titration von verschiedenen Candidaspezies-Kulturen durchgeführt (C. albicans, C. humicola, C. lusitaniae, C. inconspicua, C. norwegensis, C . pseudotropicalis (& C. kefyr) , C. solani ) , wobei Konzentrationen von 105 bis 10° CFU-eingestellt wurden. Hierbei zeigte sich eine untere Nachweisgrenze von mindestens 101 CFU, was einer absoluten Menge von 100 fg Pilz-DNA entspricht. Diese hohe Sensitivität konnte von den Erfindern für sämtliche spezi- esspezifisσhen Sonden (mit den Sequenzen SEQ ID Nr. 12 bis SEQ ID Nr. 19) und für die gattungsspezifische Candidasonde (mit der Sequenz SEQ ID Nr. 11; siehe auch Fig. 1) dokumentiert werden. To determine the sensitivity of the assay, different Candida species cultures were titrated (C. albicans, C. humicola, C. lusitaniae, C. inconspicua, C. norwegensis, C. pseudotropicalis (& C. kefyr), C. solani) , with concentrations of 10 5 to 10 ° CFU-adjusted. This showed a lower detection limit of at least 10 1 CFU, which corresponds to an absolute amount of 100 fg of fungal DNA. This high sensitivity was found by the inventors for all special-specific probes (with the sequences SEQ ID No. 12 to SEQ ID No. 19) and for the genus-specific Candidasonde (with the sequence SEQ ID No. 11; see also FIG. 1). be documented.
SEQUENZPROTOKOLLSEQUENCE LISTING
<110> Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tuebingen<110> Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen
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<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: PCR-Primer<223> Description of the artificial sequence: PCR primer
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<211> 21<211> 21
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz <220><213> Artificial sequence <220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: PCR-Primer<223> Description of the artificial sequence: PCR primer
<400> 2 ctatcctacc atcgaaagtt g 21<400> 2 ctatcctacc atcgaaagtt g 21
<210> 3<210> 3
<211> 20<211> 20
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: PCR-Primer<223> Description of the artificial sequence: PCR primer
<400> 3 ggttcattca aatttctgcc 20<400> 3 ggttcattca aatttctgcc 20
<210> 4<210> 4
<211> 17<211> 17
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: PCR-Primer<223> Description of the artificial sequence: PCR primer
<400> 4 caccagactt gccctcc 16<400> 4 caccagactt gccctcc 16
<210> 5 <211> 20 <212> DNA<210> 5 <211> 20 <212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: PCR-Primer<223> Description of the artificial sequence: PCR primer
<400> 5 attggagggc aagtctggtg 20<400> 5 attggagggc aagtctggtg 20
<210> 6<210> 6
<211> 20<211> 20
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: PCR-Primer<223> Description of the artificial sequence: PCR primer
<400> 6 ccgatcccta gtcggcatag 20<400> 6 ccgatcccta gtcggcatag 20
<210> 7<210> 7
<211> 20<211> 20
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz : PCR-Primer<223> Description of the artificial sequence: PCR primer
<400> 7 taggggatσg aagatgatca 20 <210> 8<400> 7 daysggatσg aagatgatca 20 <210> 8
<211> 19<211> 19
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: PCR-Primer<223> Description of the artificial sequence: PCR primer
<400> 8 gacctggtga gtttccccg 19<400> 8 gacctggtga gtttccccg 19
<210> 9<210> 9
<211> 19<211> 19
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: PCR-Primer<223> Description of the artificial sequence: PCR primer
<400> 9 attgacggaa gggcaccac 19<400> 9 attgacggaa gggcaccac 19
<210> 10<210> 10
<211> 19<211> 19
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: PCR-Primer<223> Description of the artificial sequence: PCR primer
<400> 10 tgtacaaagg gcagggacg 19<400> 10 tgtacaaagg gcagggacg 19th
<210> 11<210> 11
<211> 27<211> 27
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: Hybridisierungssonde<223> Description of the artificial sequence: hybridization probe
<400> 11 ggaccatcgt aatgattaat agggacg 27<400> 11 ggaccatcgt aatgattaat agggacg 27
<210> 12<210> 12
<211> 23<211> 23
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: Hybridisierungssonde<223> Description of the artificial sequence: hybridization probe
<400> 12 cgtatgccct tcattgggtg tgc 23<400> 12 cgtatgccct tcattgggtg tgc 23
<210> 13<210> 13
<211> 22<211> 22
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz <220><213> Artificial sequence <220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: Hybridisierungssonde<223> Description of the artificial sequence: hybridization probe
<400> 13 tacctatggt gagtactgct gc 22<400> 13 tacctatggt gagtactgct gc 22
<210> 14<210> 14
<211> 21<211> 21
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: Hybridisierungssonde<223> Description of the artificial sequence: hybridization probe
<400> 14 cgtccgctta ggcgagcact g 21<400> 14 cgtccgctta ggcgagcact g 21
<210> 15<210> 15
<211> 22<211> 22
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: Hybridisierungssonde<223> Description of the artificial sequence: hybridization probe
<400> 15 tacctatggt aagcactgtt gc 22 <210> 16<400> 15 tacctatggt aagcactgtt gc 22 <210> 16
<211> 22<211> 22
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: Hybridisierungssonde<223> Description of the artificial sequence: hybridization probe
<400> 16 acctgtactc cttgtgggtg ca 22<400> 16 acctgtactc cttgtgggtg about 22
<210> 17<210> 17
<211> 22<211> 22
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: Hybridisierungssonde<223> Description of the artificial sequence: hybridization probe
<400> 17 cgcttttttg cgagtactgg ac 22<400> 17 cgcttttttg cgagtactgg ac 22
<210> 18<210> 18
<211> 26<211> 26
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: Hybridisierungssonde<223> Description of the artificial sequence: hybridization probe
<400> 18 agagtgttca aagcaggctt kacgcc 26<400> 18 agagtgttca aagcaggctt kacgcc 26
<210> 19<210> 19
<211> 30<211> 30
<212> DNA<212> DNA
<213> Künstliche Sequenz<213> Artificial sequence
<220><220>
<223> Beschreibung der künstlichen Sequenz: Hybridisierungssonde<223> Description of the artificial sequence: hybridization probe
<400> 19 aggccgtatg cccttcattg ggtgtgcggt 30 <400> 19 aggccgtatg cccttcattg ggtgtgcggt 30
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10053821A DE10053821A1 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2000-10-30 | Detection of rare Candida species |
| DE10053821 | 2000-10-30 | ||
| PCT/EP2001/011805 WO2002036813A2 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2001-10-12 | Detection of rare candida species |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1379687A2 true EP1379687A2 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
Family
ID=7661592
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01992792A Withdrawn EP1379687A2 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2001-10-12 | Detection of rare candida species |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040002592A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1379687A2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002245856A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10053821A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002036813A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2006292174B2 (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2012-02-23 | Advandx, Inc. | Reagents, methods and kits for classification of fungi and direction of anti-fungal therapy |
| JP2007159411A (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-28 | Canon Inc | Probe set, probe fixing carrier, and genetic testing method |
| GB0621864D0 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2006-12-13 | Univ Manchester | Assay for fungal infection |
| WO2011151473A1 (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-08 | 2B Blackbio S.L. | Composition, method and kit for detecting fungi and yeasts by means of sequencing |
| WO2012050787A1 (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-19 | Ibis Biosciences, Inc. | Fungal nucleic acid extraction |
| WO2014071946A1 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-15 | Statens Serum Institut | Diagnostic pcr primers enabling exhaustive detection of non-human eukaryotic ssu rdna in human clinical samples |
| EP4151751A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2023-03-22 | T2 Biosystems, Inc. | Methods and systems for amplification in complex samples |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU616646B2 (en) * | 1986-11-24 | 1991-11-07 | Gen-Probe Incorporated | Nucleic acid probes for detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms |
| JP3608823B2 (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 2005-01-12 | 株式会社東洋紡ジーンアナリシス | Oligonucleotides for fungal detection and fungal species identification |
| DE19530336C2 (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 1997-08-28 | Univ Eberhard Karls | Sequential hybridization of fungal cell DNA and methods for detecting and identifying fungal cells in clinical material |
-
2000
- 2000-10-30 DE DE10053821A patent/DE10053821A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-10-12 AU AU2002245856A patent/AU2002245856A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-12 EP EP01992792A patent/EP1379687A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-10-12 WO PCT/EP2001/011805 patent/WO2002036813A2/en not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-04-29 US US10/426,159 patent/US20040002592A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0236813A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040002592A1 (en) | 2004-01-01 |
| DE10053821A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
| AU2002245856A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| WO2002036813A3 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
| WO2002036813A2 (en) | 2002-05-10 |
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